Unit7 Grammar课件 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

Charities Unit 7 Grammar Learning objectives By the end of the lesson, I will be able to... 1 3 2 Grasp the structure and usage of simple present/past passive voice. Master passive voice through practice. Use passive voice to describe charity work and develop social responsibility. Lead-in A young boy was blinded in a car accident in January this year. Two months later, he was cured by Orbis doctors. In addition to helping patients directly, Orbis does many other things. For example, local doctors and nurses are trained by Orbis so that they can better help patients. With the help of Orbis and its volunteers, the lives of many patients with eye problems all over the world are improved. does help was blinded was cured are trained are improved active voice passive voice Presentation active voice We use when it is important to know who performs the action. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. Presentation passive voice We use 1.when it is obvious who performs the action; 2.when we do not know or do not need to know who performs the action; 3.when we want to stress the person who receives the action instead of the person who performs the action. Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools. The toy is designed for children. The construction of the Grand Canal was started in the Spring and Autumn Period. We form the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses like this: Presentation simple present tense simple past tense We form the passive voice in the simple present tense in this way: is/am/are + the _______________ (simple present tense, past participle) of the verb. We form the passive voice in the simple past tense in this way: was/were + the _________________ (simple past tense, past participle) of the verb. past participle past participle Summary Presentation We can also introduce who performs the action in the passive voice by using by. On the plane, operations are done by volunteer doctors. Many blind people are helped by Orbis doctors. Read the sentences and pay attention to the colored words. Tom catches Jerry. Jerry____ ______ ___ Tom. is caught by 主动 被动 Tom catches Jerry. Jerry is caught by Tom. 找 换 改 加 找出主语和宾语 主语和宾语互换位置(代词的主格和宾格） 把谓语改成be + done 在“新的”宾语前加上by Presentation Practice The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about different things they can do for those in need. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. What they do every year 1. Charity activities _________________________ (plan/to help the poor). 2. Leaflets ____________________________________________ (hand out/to people in the street/volunteers). 3. Old toys and books ___________________ (sell/to raise money). are planned to help the poor are handed out to people in the street by volunteers are sold to raise money Practice The Class 1, Grade 8 students are talking about different things they can do for those in need. Look at the pictures and help them complete their notes with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. What they did last week 3. A charity show _________________________ (hold/in the school hall). 2. Warm clothes ______________________________________ (collect/for children in disaster areas). were sent to children in need by Class 1, Grade 8 students were collected for children in disaster areas was held in the school hall New books ______________________________________ _______ (send/to children in need/the Class 1, Grade 8 students). Practice Mr Wu is telling the Class 1, Grade 8 students about what international charities do to help. Complete what he says with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. Do you know that there are thousands of international charities around the world? Every year, lots of money (1)_____________________________ (raise/different charities). The money (2) ______(use) to help people in need. Save the Children is one of these charities. It (3)___________(found) in 1919 and aims to help build a better future for all children. Every year, a lot of children’s lives (4)____________(improve) thanks to this charity. Last year, millions of children (5)______________________________________ (help/the education programmes) from Save the Children. In addition, many people (6)_______________________ (train/the charity) to become teachers. is raised by different charities is used was founded are improved were helped by the education programmes are trained by the charity Practice Mr Wu is telling the Class 1, Grade 8 students about what international charities do to help. Complete what he says with the words in brackets using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. But it’s not just people who are in need of help and support. Some other charities (7)___________(create) for different reasons, such as protecting the environment and animals. For example, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) works hard to protect the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife. are created Practice Amy and Daniel are talking about an international charity. Complete their conversation with the words in the box below using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. Amy: I’ve just looked online at some different international charities. They’re all fantastic. Daniel: Oh really? What charities did you find? Amy: I found a charity called Oxfam. Daniel: What kind of work _______________________ this charity? Amy: It __________ in 1942 with the aim of helping poor children and families around the world. It also makes great efforts to make sure families ___________ with clean water and hungry children _______. C carry out do feed found help provide support write is carried out by was founded are provided are fed Practice Amy and Daniel are talking about an international charity. Complete their conversation with the words in the box below using the passive voice. Add the word by when necessary. Daniel: That’s amazing! Amy: Yes. I read an article yesterday. It _____________ a volunteer from Oxfam. It said that millions of children ____________ the charity’s health programmes around the world. And these programmes __________________ many volunteers. Daniel: Wow! It sounds like a lot of amazing work ____________ the volunteers. C carry out do feed found help provide support write was written by were helped by were supported by is done by Presentation Something special needed paying attention to when using the passive voice. 01 02 03 04 含有双宾语 省略to的不定式 主动表被动 动词短语变被动 05 无被动 Presentation He gave me a book. (IO) (DO) = I was given a book by him. = A book was given to me by him. 1. 间接宾语变主语时，直接宾语仍保留在谓语动词后面； 2. 直接宾语变主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to; 常用的词：bring, teach, give, tell, show, buy, get等。 含有双宾语 Practice Something special needed paying attention to when using the passive voice. 1. My mother bought me a birthday cake. (改为被动句) = _______________________________________________ = _______________________________________________ 2. She teaches us English. = _______________________________________________ = _______________________________________________ I was bought a birthday cake by my mother. A birthday cake was bought for me by my mother. We are taught English by her. English was taught to us by her. 含有双宾语 Presentation 省略to的动词不定式 He watched a bear dance this morning. A bear was watched to dance this morning. 1. let, make, have等使役动词； 2. see, hear, notice, watch, feel等感官动词。 Practice 1. If you see the cartoon film, you will ______ laugh. A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make 2. She was heard ______ an English song. A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sang 3. The English song is often heard ______ by her. A. to sing B. sing C. sang D. to be sung 4. He was seen __________ (play) football when I passed the playground. playing see/hear sb. do sth. see/hear sb. doing sth. sb. be seen/heard to do sth. sb. be seen/heard doing sth. 省略to的动词不定式 Presentation 主动表被动 This shirt feels much softer than that one. This orange tastes nice. That book sells well. 1. look、smell、taste、sound、feel等系动词接形容词； 2. write、sell、wash、read、burn等词和well, easily, quickly, smoothly等副词连用，描绘事物的特性时，可用主动语态表示被动含义。 Presentation 主动表被动 We need to clean the house. = The house needs to be cleaned. = The house needs cleaning. need to be done = need doing 3. need, require, want, worth后+ doing，表示被动含义。 Practice 主动表被动 1. These coats ______ out. They ______ well. A. are sold; are sold B. sell; sell C. sell; are sold D. are sold; sell 2. Can I borrow you bike? Mine needs ______. A. to repair B. be repaired C. repairing D. to repaired Presentation 动词短语变被动 In many places in China, the old over 90 ______ not only by their family but also by the government. A. is taking good care B. are taken good care of C. is taking good care of D. are taken good care 动词短语是不可分割的整体，如： take care of, pay attention to, make use of 在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。 Presentation 无被动 The war broke out in 1937. 不及物动词或短语不能用于被动语态，如：happen、appear、weigh；break out、take place、run out 、fall asleep、come true、depend on等。 The meeting will take place at 9.a.m. tomorrow morning. Practice 无被动 1. Many changes ______ in my hometown in the past few years. A. took place B. were taken place C. have taken place D. have been taken place 2. It is reported that the oil resource on the earth ______ in 95 years. A. will run out B. will be run out C. will use up D. will run out of Presentation 从句改被动 People believe that he is ill. = It is believed that he is ill. = He is believed to be ill. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时， 1. 用it作为被动结构的形式主语，从句放在句子后面； 2. be + done + to do； 常用的词：know, say, believe, find, think, report等。 Presentation 从句改被动 People believe that he is ill. = It is believed that he is ill. = He is believed to be ill. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时， 1. 用it作为被动结构的形式主语，从句放在句子后面； 2. be + done + to do； 常用的词：know, say, believe, find, think, report等。 Presentation 被动语态的习惯用法 It is said that… 据说…… It is reported that… 据报道…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is well known that … 众所周知…… It is thought that … 人们认为…… It is found that… 据发现…… Rome is not built in a day. Experience must be bought. A good beginning is half done.  Lost time is never found again. The finest diamond must be cut. Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today. 今日事，今日毕。   罗马不是一天建成的。 吃一堑，长一智。 好的开始是成功的一半。 岁月既往，一去不回。 玉不琢，不成器。 Famous sayings Practice 1. --- Have you finished writing your book? --- Yes, it ______ and ______ soon. A. is printing; is coming out B. is being printed; will come out C. is going to print; will be come outD. is printed; has come out 2. --- I’d like to buy that coat. --- I’m sorry. ______. A. It sold B. It’s selling C. It’s been sold D. It had been sold 3. Why ______ to talk about it yesterday? A. didn’t a meeting hold B. wasn’t a meeting held C. wasn’t held a meeting D. a meeting wasn’t held 4. Great changes ______ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. had taken place 5. Good care ______ such things. A. should take of B. should be takenC. should be taking D. should be taken of Homework Must do Choose to do Make a mind map of the usages of passive voice in the simple present and past tenses. Use passive voice to retell one charity activity in your school. Thank you！ $