专题24 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之词句猜测题）-2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单聚焦阅读理解词句猜测题，涵盖题型特点、命题思路、答题策略及核心解题技巧等内容，通过表格结构化呈现线索类型、信号词、解题口诀等，构建从理论到实践的系统化复习框架。 清单特色在于“题型全景分析”表格梳理语境依赖、逻辑关系设题等规律，“核心解题技巧细分”提炼5类线索及“解题口诀”，如“对比转折”用“前后意思往往反”口诀培养思维品质。实例分析结合代入验证法拆解步骤，13篇多样化语篇强化训练提升语言能力，助力学生高效复习，为教师提供分层教学支持。

2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题24 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之词句猜测题） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 题型全景分析 分析维度 核心内容 说明与示例 题型特点 语境依赖性 答案通常不在词典定义中，而在上下文的逻辑里。考生需利用已知信息推导未知信息。 考查对象多样化 1. 生词：超纲词汇。 2. 熟词生义：常见词在特定语境下的特殊含义（如 sharp 指“敏锐的”而非“锋利的”）。 3. 代词指代：it, that, they, one 等指代的具体对象。 4. 短语/句子：习语或具有深层含义的句子。 设问方式 The underlined word "..." probably means ______. The word "..." refers to ______. The expression "..." can be replaced by ______. 命题思路 逻辑关系设题 命题人利用上下文的因果、转折、并列、递进等逻辑关系设置线索。例如，利用 but 前后的反义关系来推断词义。 定义解释设题 命题人会在文中直接给出定义、同位语或定语从句来解释生词，考查考生是否识别出这些解释性信息。 举例说明设题 通过列举具体事例（如 such as, like, for example）来暗示生词的范畴或特征。 干扰项设计 1. 望文生义：利用词根词缀的表面含义误导。 2. 常识干扰：选项符合常识但不符合文意。 3. 原词复现：选项中出现文中其他地方的词义，但与划线处无关。 答题策略 1. 构词法推测 分析词根、前缀和后缀。例：unpredictable = un (不) + pre (预先) + dict (说) + able (能...的) → 不可预测的。 2. 逻辑关系法 寻找逻辑信号词。 转折/对比 (but, however, unlike)：词义通常相反。 因果 (because, so, therefore)：根据原因推结果。 并列 (and, or)：词义通常相近。 3. 定义/解释法 寻找解释性信号词 (is, means, refer to, that is, in other words) 或标点符号 (破折号、括号、引号)。 4. 代入验证法 将选项代入原文，看句意是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯。 核心解题技巧细分 线索类型 信号词/标志 解题口诀 示例 定义与重述 be, mean, refer to, that is to say, in other words 看见定义直接选，破折号后找答案。 Ambulation, or the act of walking, is good for health. (Ambulation = walking) 举例说明 such as, like, for example, including 例子前面找共性，归纳总结得词义。 Vegetables such as carrots and cabbages are healthy. (Vegetables = 蔬菜类) 对比转折 but, however, while, unlike, instead 前后意思往往反，利用反义以此推。 He is loquacious, unlike his quiet brother. (loquacious = talkative/话多) 因果关系 because, since, so, therefore, as a result 因果逻辑紧密连，由因推果或由果推因。 He was furious because he lost the game. (furious = angry) 代词指代 it, that, this, they, them, one 往前找，找最近，单复一致是关键。 I bought a book. It is interesting. (It = book) 【实例分析】 When I was in middle school, I had a math teacher named Mr. Green. He was a very demanding teacher. He expected us to finish our homework on time and check every answer carefully. If we made a careless mistake, he would ask us to do the problem again until we got it right. At first, we complained a lot, but later we realized his strictness helped us build a solid foundation. [题目]The underlined word "demanding" in the passage probably means "______". A. humorous B. strict C. patient D. lazy [分析] 定位线索：划线词 demanding 出现在第二句。后文紧接着解释了 Mr. Green 的行为：“He expected us to finish our homework on time...”（期望按时交作业），“check every answer carefully”（仔细检查答案）。再后文提到：“If we made a careless mistake, he would ask us to do the problem again...”（犯错要重做）。最后甚至直接出现了同义词提示：“...realized his strictness helped us...”（意识到他的严格帮助了我们）。 逻辑推理：根据后文的描述，这位老师要求高、不容忍马虎、必须重做直到正确。这些行为特征都指向“严格”。 利用同义词线索：文末的 strictness（严格）直接对应了 demanding 的含义。 排除干扰项：A. humorous（幽默的）：文中未提及他讲笑话或有趣。C. patient（耐心的）：虽然他让学生重做，但重点在于“要求高”而非“态度温和”。D. lazy（懒惰的）：与文中描述完全相反。 得出结论：选项 B (strict) 最符合语境。答案：B ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 1 Three Feet of Gold Have you ever given up on something? Did you feel like you had tried your best? What if success was just around the corner? This is the story of a man who learned the answers the hard way. Years ago, a man named Johnson heard that there was gold in a certain area. He was excited and decided to try his luck. He bought some tools and began to dig. Day after day, he worked hard under the sun. Weeks passed, and he found nothing. But he did not give up. He kept digging, believing that he would find gold soon. Months went by. Johnson became tired and discouraged. His money was almost gone, and he felt hopeless. One day, he decided to stop. He sold all his tools to another man and went back home, feeling like a complete failure. The new owner looked at the hole Johnson had dug. He thought Johnson must have given up too soon. So he continued digging just three feet deeper. To his great surprise, he found plenty of gold. Johnson had been only three feet away from success when he stopped. This story tells us that success often comes after the last try. Many people fail not because they are not able, but because they do not persist. Difficulties are not meant to stop us, but to test our determination (决心). As long as we keep trying and never give up, we will finally reach our goals. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2．Why did Johnson decide to stop digging? A．Because he found some gold. B．Because he wanted to sell his tools. C．Because he met a new friend. D．Because he felt tired and hopeless. 3．What does the underlined word “persist” in Para 5 probably mean? A．Keep on. B．Give up. C．Put on. D．Give out. 4．What would most likely happen next if the story continued? A．Johnson would come back and ask for his tools. B．The new owner would become rich from the gold. C．Johnson would start digging in another place. D．The new owner would share the gold with Johnson. 2 At this year’s Spring Festival gala, humanoid robots made their unforgettable return. Just like last year, they wowed audiences the moment they appeared on stage. But there was a world of difference between the two years. “Do you still remember? Last year, the robots could only twirl handkerchiefs and dance Yangko ,” said some people online, not being able to hide their excitement. “It’s unreal!” Everyone can see that China has reached the next level in robotics . Here’s what the robots did during the show this year. They performed parkour (跑酷) and martial arts like Drunken Fist (醉拳) and nunchaku (双节棍). They made all kinds of difficult flips (空翻) without a single fall. As they had become much more deft (灵活的) with their fingers, they could also hold weapons such as staffs (棍棒) and nunchakus. A human-sized robot even showed off its sword skills at the end of the performance. “These moves are a perfect starting point for developing future robots,” said an expert after the annual New Year event. How the robots performed as a group was no less amazing. Although they had to move together at high speed, they didn’t fail to keep their formation (队形). It was the first time in the world people had seen anything like this. So, last year was nothing to be ashamed of—it was where it all began. At the end of the day, the progress made in just one year matters more than anything else. It gives people around the world a glimpse into China’s technology power. As Elon Musk puts it, China is already ahead of the rest of the world in robotics. True, humanoid robots are still in the early stages, and still don’t have everyday uses yet. But when you look at what’s happened in such a short time, you’ll surely say, “The future is much closer than I had expected.” 5．Which of the following sentences can be filled in with the underlined word “ashamed”? A．They are ______ to help the elderly clean their houses on weekends. B．He was ______ to take part in the school sports meeting next week. C．She felt ______ of her impolite words to her best friend last night. D．The little girl was ______ to try the new ride because it looked scary. 6．Which of the following statements is true? A．We develop robots because we want them to be the world’s best dancers. B．The development of robotics in China should slow down now. C．Elon Musk thinks China will soon be better than the US in robotics. D．Today’s robots are useful for future development. 7．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A．Robots will never have practical uses. B．We should sell our robots to other countries. C．It’s a certainty that robots will enter our homes in the future. D．Robots should try dancing Yangko again in 2027. 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Spring Festival Gala and Its Amazing Performances B．Humanoid Robots: China’s Leap in Robotics Technology C．The Development of Martial Arts in Robotics D．China’s Robot Industry 3 For the first time, primary and secondary schools in Jiangsu gave students a three-day spring break in early April. Together with the Qingming Festival, children enjoyed a six-day holiday. The policy aims to help students relax, enjoy nature, and reduce study stress. Many parents welcomed the break. “Spring is the best time for children to go outside and feel the season,” one father said. During the holiday, zoos and sports centers opened for free. Schools gave no written homework. A company in Kunshan even gave employees three paid days off so they could stay with their children. Tourism data showed that searches for family trips rose sharply online. One mother shared that her son finally had time to fly kites and paint flowers in the park. However, some parents felt troubled. Both parents have to work, but children stay at home. “We can only ask grandparents for help or send them to daycare centers,” a working mother of two said. She worried that leaving children alone at home could be unsafe. Other parents worried that the extra breaks would break the rhythm of learning. They thought their kids should go to school as usual. If there were too many breaks, students may lose the habit of studying. To solve these problems, cities like Nanjing asked schools to provide free care services. Parents could choose how many days of care they needed. Community centers offered fun activities such as calligraphy, chess, and traditional crafts. In Yangzhou, 44 community centers stayed open for students, with seven offering full-day services. The companies paid leave policy (政策) received wide praise. Following this example, all 13 cities in Jiangsu encouraged companies to offer flexible (灵活的) leave for parents of school-age children. In short, the spring break gives students a valuable chance to rest and explore. But it also creates new challenges for working families and schools. Finding a balance between relaxation and childcare still needs more thought and better support from both the government and employers. 9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article? A．The spring break in Jiangsu was three days long, including the weekend. B．All parents supported the break because schools gave no homework. C．Some companies offered paid leave so parents could stay with their children. D．44 community centers offered full -day services in Yangzhou. 10．In paragraph 3, the underlined word “rhythm” most likely means ________. A．the regular (有规律的) beat in a piece of music B．the regular pattern (模式) of events C．a repeated pattern of sounds D．the repetition in a poem 11．Based on the article, which of the following statements best shows the writer’s opinions? A．Children have more time to fly kites and play, but parents may struggle to find safe care for them during work hours. B．Zoos and sports centers open for free, so families can save money and have fun together. C．Frequent breaks may cause students to lose their study habits, which could hurt their exam scores. D．Some companies give paid leave to parents, which makes the break perfect for every family. 12．Which of the following is the best title for this article? A．How to Enjoy a Six‑Day Holiday in Jiangsu B．Free School Care, and Community Activities C．Jiangsu’s First Spring Break Brings Joy and Worry D．Why Working Parents Welcome the School Holiday 4 “The hound!” Holmes cried suddenly. “Come, Watson! Come!” We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet, and then came a dull, heavy sound. The night fell deathly silent. Holmes pressed his hands to his forehead and stamped his feet in frustration. “We are too late,” he said in a low voice, angrily. Suddenly, we heard a low moan. A man was lying on the rocks. As we walked closer, we saw the dead body of Sir Henry Baskerville. He was wearing his brown tweed suit. “Oh no!” I cried out, feeling my blood run cold. Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. “A beard!” he said. “This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden, the escaped prisoner!” The truth hit me at once. Sir Henry had given his old clothes to Barrymore, who had secretly passed them to Selden. “The suit killed him,” Holmes said quietly. “Someone gave the hound Sir Henry’s scent—probably the stolen boot from the London hotel—and it hunted the wrong man.” Suddenly, we saw someone walking towards us. It was Stapleton. Holmes whispered: “Don’t let him see your suspicions.” “Dr Watson!” Stapleton asked, in surprise. “What brings you out here at this hour? I heard a strange noise and came to check on Sir Henry.” He saw the body and froze. “Is that him?” “It’s Selden,” I said. “He’s dead.” Stapleton tried to overcome his amazement and disappointment, “Terrible,” he murmured. “I feared the worst for Sir Henry.” “Sir Henry is safe,” Holmes said coldly. Stapleton then recognized him and smiled nervously. “Mr Holmes! I didn’t know you were here. Can you solve the mystery of the Hound of the Baskervilles?” Holmes shrugged. “We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow.” With that, we left for Baskerville Hall, leaving Stapleton to walk home alone. Poor Selden lay still on the rocks. 13．How does the writer create the atmosphere (氛围) in Paragraphs 1~2? A．By describing the characters’ warm feelings. B．By describing the quiet and safe environment. C．By using short, quick actions and sudden sounds. D．By showing long conversations between the characters. 14．Which of the following is the correct order of the story? a. Stapleton pretended to care about Sir Henry. b. The hound got Sir Henry’s scent from his boot. c. Holmes laughed after kneeling beside the dead body. d. Watson realized why the hound hunted the wrong man. e. Holmes whispered to Watson not to let Stapleton see their suspicions. A．b-d-c-a-e B．b-c-d-e-a C．c-b-e-d-a D．c-d-b-a-e 15．Why did Holmes laugh suddenly after kneeling beside the dead body? A．He felt relaxed because Sir Henry was safe. B．He felt surprised to find a beard on the dead man. C．He was proud that he found the escaped prisoner at last. D．He was happy that the mystery of the hound was solved. 16．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentences in the second-to-last paragraph? A．Holmes lost confidence in solving the case. B．Holmes only pretended to give up the case. C．Holmes was too tired to continue the case. D．Holmes thought it was not an important case. 5 After a 10-year project to count tuna (金枪鱼) and other large fish in the world’s oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat have disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal’s life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 17．What’s the main reason for the disappearance of fish? A．Pollution in the sea. B．Overfishing by humans. C．People consume little. D．The food chain breaks down. 18．What does the underlined word “demand” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 19．According to Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna play an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 6 How do plants grow in space? An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters. While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds. “The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to the earth for further studies,” Zheng added. Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow. Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11-the first humans to land on the moon in July, 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space. If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights. 21．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Find. B．Grow. C．Waste. D．Cook. 22．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2? A．To make us interested in space exploration. B．To tell us about the scientists’ work. C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings. D．To show the rice experiment is going well. 23．What does Paragraph 5 tell us? A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space. B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space. C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space. D．How rice is taken and grown in space. 24．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment. C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history. 7 Do you care about the environment? If so, you might feel a bit unsure about using AI chatbots after learning how they work. Every time you ask an AI chatbot a question, the data centers (数据中心) behind it consume electricity to think and respond. In the process, they also give off heat. Keeping those powerful computers cool requires large amounts of fresh water. Asking AI one or two — or even a thousand — questions won’t harm the Earth much. But consider what would happen if thousands of people consume AI at the same time. These small environmental costs would quickly add up. That doesn’t mean you have to avoid using AI. However, you can be more thoughtful about when and how you use it. For simple tasks, such as checking a store’s opening hours, a traditional search engine is usually the better choice. A normal web search consumes about ten times less energy than asking AI. If you have a trickier question, then it’s worth turning to an AI chatbot. In some cases, using AI may even be better for the environment than doing the task yourself. For example, an AI model can create a picture in about a minute. Drawing the same picture yourself might take an hour on your computer. During that time, you and your computer would consume as much — if not more — energy. “The real question isn’t, ‘Will AI influence the environment?’ It clearly will,” said Bill Tomlinson, a computer science professor. “You should ask yourself, ‘What are you replacing?’” AI models consume more energy for every extra word they process. For this reason, you can save energy by asking AI for brief answers when long ones aren’t necessary. Also, keep your questions short and to the point. There’s no need to add “please” or “thank you.” The AI model won’t take it personally. 25．What does the word “consume” most likely mean? A．Save or keep. B．Use up or take in. C．Waste or destroy. D．Require or demand. 26．Why does the writer recommend using traditional search engines for simple tasks? A．They give more exact answers for simple questions. B．They provide faster results with less network delay. C．They consume less energy than AI for the same task. D．They allow users to get answers without AI mistakes. 27．What can we learn about AI’s effect on the environment? A．AI’s environmental effect is small if millions of people use it. B．Repeated AI use has no greater effect than just one use. C．New technology will stop AI’s environmental problems. D．The environmental cost grows quickly when many people use AI at once. 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We need to use AI carefully to reduce harm to Earth. B．Search engines are always better than AI chatbots. C．We should stop using AI to protect nature. D．The harm AI does to nature is not important. 8 Do you often feel sad or upset (沮丧)? If so, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be much better for you. Some scientists at Ohio State University, the U.S., have found that sad movies can make people happier. They published their study in a magazine called Communication Research. Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie called Atonement. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated. They died during World War II at the end of the movie. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness. According to the results of the survey, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their own lives and relationships. Compared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives were full of hope. “I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie has made me think a lot,” one student wrote. Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, the leader of the study, explained that bad moods would make people more thoughtful.” Good moods are generally a sign that everything is fine. You don’t have to worry, and you don’t have to think about problems in your life,” she said.” But bad emotions (情绪), like sadness, make you feel terrible about your situation. Therefore, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will cause you to think more about your own close relationships and value them more.” 29．The scientists asked the college students to watch Atonement ________. A．to help them make more friends B．to make them feel better about themselves C．to find out how they felt after watching it D．to encourage them to share their feelings 30．How many times did the students answer questions from the scientists? A．Three times. B．Four times. C．Five times. D．Six times. 31．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Stories. B．Feelings. C．Friends. D．Lives. 32．What is the best title for this passage? A．Feeling Sad? Watch a Sad Movie B．Feeling Lonely? Find True Love C．Feeling Bad? See a Happy Film D．Feeling Down? Think about Others 9 For many teenagers, growing up means stepping out of family life to build friendships. Hanging out after school and sharing secrets may seem like simple fun, but scientists say these experiences are important as they shape a teen’s “social brain”—the system for understanding others and managing feelings. Recently, however, teens in many places spend far less time face-to-face with friends, mainly connecting through screens instead. Being alone from time to time is not necessarily bad, but the social habit of overusing screens often leads to a serious problem: long-term social isolation. In such a situation, teens are unwilling to be with people their age and hardly have meaningful face-to-face communication outside the home, which is quite different from choosing to be alone voluntarily. During the teenage years, the brain changes rapidly and strengthens connections between its different areas. It is in this period that the social brain becomes better at reading facial expressions, understanding others’ thoughts, and making proper behavioral choices. One researcher compares this process to language learning: the brain is born with such an ability, yet it still requires plenty of practice to use the ability properly. Similarly, teenagers need real-life social connections to improve the systems supporting their social understanding and behavior. Scientists have been carrying out long-term studies to explore the effects of social isolation on teenagers. They follow large groups of teens, collecting both brain scans and daily-life information. In one recent project, researchers compared the brain scans of socially isolated teens with those of teens who had more face-to-face social activities, and used parents’ reports to judge the social isolation levels of these teens, such as whether they often stayed away from group activities. There were worrying differences: teenagers with long-term social isolation had underdeveloped signs in brain areas related to social understanding and emotional control. Surprisingly, brain areas for attention and decision-making also performed poorly, something that researchers had not expected, as they never thought isolation would harm so many brain parts. This finding matters because these negative changes during the teenage years can leave long-lasting effects on a developing brain, making it harder for them to succeed in the future. The hopeful news is that teenage brains can still be shaped, so early support can reduce the risks of long-term social isolation. This can be achieved by offering teens more opportunities to socialize or asking a trusted adult or a doctor for help. What matters most is that teenagers keep meaningful face-to-face connections with others their age, and with proper support and balance, most can develop healthy social habits that benefit both their brains and overall well-being. 33．What does the word “isolation” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．A feeling of being lonely. B．A preference for quiet environments. C．A habit of avoiding group activities. D．A state of staying away from others. 34．Which of the experiences listed below is the most helpful for a teen’s social brain? A．Planting a tree in the backyard with a family member. B．Learning how to play the piano with a private teacher. C．Joining a football club and practising together at school. D．Communicating with friends mainly through social media. 35．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The methods researchers used to collect information from teens. B．The findings about brain areas influenced by long-term isolation. C．The solutions to prevent long-term social isolation among teenagers. D．The reasons why teenagers prefer staying alone instead of going out. 36．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Being alone voluntarily leads to negative emotions. B．Timely help protects teenagers from lasting brain harm. C．Using screens sometimes is harmful to the social brain. D．Social isolation mainly influences social understanding. 10 At a summer party, mosquitoes bite some guests while others stay bite-free. New research helps explain why: Some people just taste better. “Mosquitoes like something in our sweat (汗),” says Lisa Baik at Yale University. She studies how insects, especially mosquitoes, sense their world. Baik’s team shared their findings last November in Nature. Mosquitoes feed on the blood of the animals they bite and can cause diseases like malaria and dengue. Knowing what causes mosquitoes to bite or not can help researchers develop better methods of control, according to Baik’s team. For example, according to Baik’s team, mosquitoes taste the surface before biting. This means that sweat may play a big role when mosquitoes decide to bite. There is water, salt and amino acids (氨基酸) in human sweat. To find out what mosquitoes prefer, the researchers put salt and amino acids on separate surfaces. Mosquitoes ignored both. However, when the team mixed them on the same surface, mosquitoes bit. The researchers then looked at activity in certain mosquito nerve (神经) cells involved in taste. Some sweat samples had a larger effect on the activity of these nerve cells than others. “That shows taste could be one of the reasons why some of us get bitten a lot more than others,” Baik says. Tasting requires touch. We use our lips, mouth and tongue to taste. Mosquitoes are the same. A long tube extends from their face like a straw (吸管). At the end of that “straw” are two small, lip-like parts that can touch a surface. The researchers examined those lips. They had little hairs on them. Nerve cells inside the hairs responded (作出反应) to touch. Then the team tested how the hairs responded to different things. When sugar touched the hairs, the nerve cells became active. Some bitter compounds (苦味化合物), though, stopped the nerve cells’ response to sugar. “This was exciting and surprising,” says Baik. “This type of activity hasn’t been seen in other insects.” Adding bitter compounds to sugar reduced the sweet response. It also made mosquitoes less likely to feed. “This showed that we could use bitter compounds as a way to stop the feeding of mosquitoes,” says Baik. Baik is now hunting for just the right compound to stop mosquitoes from biting people. “It should be safe, low-cost and friendly to the environment. It could someday be used in a spray for skin and clothing,” she said. 37．What does the underlined word “ignored” mean in the passage? A．Fell in love with. B．Got bored with. C．Paid no attention to. D．Looked forward to. 38．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of ________. Baik wanted to explore how taste might influence a mosquito’s choice. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 6 C．Paragraph 7 D．Paragraph 8 39．What can we learn about mosquitoes in the passage? A．They taste people before deciding to bite. B．They prefer to bite people without sweat. C．They prefer bitter compounds to sweet ones. D．They use nerve cells inside the hairs to make sounds. 40．The main purpose of this passage is to ________. A．encourage us to invent something to prevent mosquito biting B．tell us about research on why mosquitoes prefer to bite some people C．introduce some ways to prevent mosquitoes from biting people D．advise us to explore how to stop mosquitoes spreading diseases 11 ①Just like other penguins, chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅) in Antarctica (南极) spend much of their time in the water, catching fish to eat. But when the time comes to raise their young, they return to land. ②Raising young penguins is a challenge. The eggs are often laid in nests (巢) made of small rocks to keep the eggs from freezing. One parent takes care of the nest for long periods of time, while the other goes out for food. ③The parent must always keep alert. Birds called brown skuas (棕贼鸥) target the eggs and young penguins of careless parents. But it’s hard to stay alert and protect a nest 24 hours a day. So chinstrap penguins have found an unusual way of solving the problem. ④In a new study, scientists report that chinstrap penguins take thousands of tiny naps (打盹) each day. Each nap—or “microsleep”—lasts only about 4 seconds. They get a daily total of about 11 hours of sleep. ⑤To find out whether chinstrap penguins were sleeping or not, scientists put small devices (设备) on 14 penguins’ heads to check their brain activity, while filming them. About 11 days later, they made a discovery. The penguins actually slept for 4 seconds each time—thousands of times a day. This explains how tired parents stay awake enough to protect their babies. ⑥It’s not clear if the microsleeps allow the penguins to actually feel relaxed. But the penguins are able to keep the pattern up for weeks, which allows them to protect their nests, eggs and babies. 41．What do chinstrap penguins use to build their nests? A．Leaves and grass. B．Small rocks. C．Pieces of ice. D．Fish bones. 42．How did the scientists know that the penguins took microsleeps? A．By counting their short naps with timers. B．By testing their brains and taking videos. C．By watching how they hunted fish. D．By studying how they built nests. 43．In which sentence can the underlined word “alert” in paragraph③be put in? A．The guards had to stay ________all night to watch for any danger. B．After a 12-hour mission, the soldiers felt extremely ________. C．The quiet library was a ________ place for reading. D．The dog looked ________ while searching for food near the trash cans. 44．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Chinstrap penguins sleep for 11 hours at night. B．Chinstrap penguins’ microsleeps make them feel fully relaxed. C．Chinstrap penguins take thousands of 4-second naps daily to protect their nests. D．Chinstrap penguins stop sleeping completely when raising their young. 12 Sagarika Sriram was just 10 when she read newspaper stories about the planet in trouble. One story was about a whale that washed up on the beach after oil pollution and another was dolphins with plastic inside them. She knew she had to act, so she joined cleanup activities in Dubai. She said this experience taught her what people can do and what difference they can make. In 2016, Sagarika created Kids for a Better World, an online platform (平台) that has brought nearly 10,000 young people worldwide to fight climate change. Now 16, she is part of a group of young environmental activists (倡导者). She believes even small actions can create a “ripple effect”, helping things move in the right direction and leading to bigger changes. The platform is for children aged 8 to 16. It teaches them how to help at home and in their communities, such as by planting trees, growing food, recycling, and avoiding plastic. These are lessons Sagarika wants schools to teach, because they can help change our future. Growing up in a desert city, she deeply understands the need for action. Her city faces challenges like rising temperatures and less water. She believes young people can bring public attention to these problems. Although she values small daily actions, Sagarika has big plans. She plans to study at Stanford University and continue running her organization. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet, just as others once encouraged her. 45．What made Sagarika decide to join clean-up activities? A．Facing heat and less water. B．Learning ways to protect nature. C．Believing small actions could matter. D．Reading stories about harmed animals. 46．What does the underlined phrase “ripple effect” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A task needing hard work. B．A problem spreading in nature. C．A step causing bigger changes. D．An idea drawing many children. 47．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Sagarika’s future plans. B．Simple green actions. C．Green lessons for children. D．Serious climate problems. 48．Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika? A．Clever and patient. B．Creative and humorous. C．Friendly and imaginative. D．Active and encouraging. 13 Mr Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early His life changed, however, one day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail, along with a note that said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t believe it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message made him feel the power of love. Soon he found himself being cheerful. He began to help out people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged to somebody else. It was a mistake. He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbors found out, they decided not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a long banner (条幅) that reads:“Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he knew that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr Hatch in us. However, somebody does love us. 49．What changed Mr Hatch’s life at first? A．Reading a fun story in a newspaper. B．Getting a gift box with a loving message. C．Making a piece of heart-shaped chocolate. D．Falling in love with a girl in his neighborhood. 50．How did other people feel about Mr Hatch’s active changes? A．They tried to teach him how to love. B．They wanted him to change back. C．They were moved by his changes. D．They didn’t believe his changes. 51．Why did Mr Hatch cry when his neighbors threw a party for him? A．Because he learned the chocolate was from his neighbors. B．Because it was his neighbors who played tricks on him. C．Because he knew that at least his neighbors loved him. D．Because he had never been invited to a party before. 52．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A．We all love Mr Hatch all the time. B．We have kind neighbors as Mr Hatch. C．Mr Hatch is famous all over the world. D．At times we feel unloved and unlovable. 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D D A B C D C B C B 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A C C B A B B C C B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 B D C B B C D A C C 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 D A D C B B C A A B 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 B B A C D C C D B C 题号 51 52 答案 C D 1 1．D 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了约翰逊挖金矿时因疲惫绝望半途而废，新主人继续挖了三英尺就找到金子的故事，告诉我们成功往往来自最后一次尝试，只要坚持不懈、永不放弃，终会实现目标。 1．原文开头用了三个问句：“Have you ever given up on something? Did you feel like you had tried your best? What if success was just around the corner?”作者以提问的方式引出下文的故事。 2．文中提到“Months went by. Johnson became tired and discouraged. His money was almost gone, and he felt hopeless. One day, he decided to stop.”说明他是因为疲惫、灰心且感到绝望才决定放弃。 3．前文提到“Many people fail not because they are not able, but because they do not persist.”以及后文“As long as we keep trying and never give up, we will finally reach our goals.”，结合上下文可知“只要我们坚持尝试、永不放弃，终会实现目标”，可以推断“persist”的含义与“keep on (坚持)”一致。 4．文中提到新主人在约翰逊放弃的位置再挖三英尺就找到了大量金子，按照常理推断，新主人会因为这些金子变得富有，而约翰逊已经放弃并离开，后续也没有线索表明他会回来或对方会分享金子。故选B。 2 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在春节联欢晚会上人形机器人的精彩表演，对比了其与去年表演的巨大进步，展现了中国机器人技术一年来的飞速发展，并指出人形机器人虽仍处初期阶段，但未来应用前景十分可期。 5．文中 “ashamed” 意为 “羞愧的、内疚的”，C选项“She felt ashamed of her impolite words to her best friend last night.”（她为昨晚对最好的朋友说出无礼的话感到羞愧）语境与词义完全匹配。 6．第三段提到专家评价：“These moves are a perfect starting point for developing future robots”，表明如今机器人的表现对未来研发具有重要价值，因此 D选项 “Today’s robots are useful for future development.” 表述正确。 7．文章最后一段指出人形机器人发展迅速，未来比预想中更近，由此可推断 C选项“It’s a certain that robots will enter our homes in the future.”（机器人未来必将进入我们的家庭）符合文意。 8．全文围绕春晚人形机器人展开，重点突出中国机器人技术的飞跃式进步，B选项“Humanoid Robots: China’s Leap in Robotics Technology” 最能概括文章主旨。 3 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C 【解析】本文介绍了江苏首次实施春假带来了欢乐与挑战，各方积极应对相关问题。 9．第二段指出“A company in Kunshan even gave employees three paid days off so they could stay with their children.”，说明一些公司提供带薪假让家长陪孩子。 10．划线词rhythm所在句“Other parents worried that the extra breaks would break the rhythm of learning.” 结合上下文，这里指的是学习的规律、常规模式，不是音乐节奏、声音重复或诗歌重复。 11．第三段指出“Both parents have to work, but children stay at home. ‘We can only ask grandparents for help or send them to daycare centers,’ a working mother of two said.”，说明孩子有更多时间放风筝玩耍，但家长工作时间难找到安全看护。 12．文章第一段介绍江苏首次实施春假，第二段讲家长的不同态度，第三段和第四段讲解决托育问题的措施，最后一段总结春假带来的喜悦和挑战。说明文章主旨为江苏首次春假带来喜悦和担忧。 4 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．B 【解析】本文为小说节选，讲述福尔摩斯与华生深夜在荒原发现尸体，识破误杀真相并巧妙应对嫌疑人的经过。 13．第一二段描绘场景：“Holmes cried suddenly”和“We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet”，借助急促动作与突发声响渲染紧张压抑的氛围。 14．文章情节依次推进：先交代猎犬借助靴子沾染亨利爵士气味，对应b；接着福尔摩斯查看尸体后发笑，对应c；随后华生明白猎犬认错目标的缘由，对应d；之后福尔摩斯叮嘱华生隐藏怀疑，对应e；最后斯台普顿假意关心亨利爵士，对应a，完整顺序为b-c-d-e-a。 15．第四段交代细节：“Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. ‘A beard!’ he said. ‘This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden’”，体现福尔摩斯发现死者并非亨利爵士、对方留有胡须后，因爵士安然无恙而放松发笑。 16．倒数第二段刻画言行：“We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow”，结合福尔摩斯警惕谨慎的人物特点，能看出他故意假意放弃案件、迷惑凶手。 5 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了过度捕捞导致海洋中大型鱼类数量锐减的现状，以及这对海洋生态系统造成的连锁影响，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生物。 17．根据第一段中“Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat has disappeared.”可知，人类的过度捕捞是导致鱼类消失的主要原因。 18．根据第二段中“The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein mostly from fish.”可知，这里指人们对鱼类的“需求”在增长，“demand”在此处与“need”含义相近。 19．据第三段中“When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem, the ocean’s food chain breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food.”可知，金枪鱼在海洋生态系统中扮演着重要角色，它的消失会导致食物链断裂。 20．全文介绍了过度捕捞对海洋鱼类和生态的危害，并呼吁人们采取行动保护海洋生物，因此作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护海洋野生动物。    6 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．B 【解析】本文围绕天宫空间站太空水稻种植实验展开，介绍中国航天员在轨成功培育水稻幼苗的科研进展，对比不同品种水稻的生长状况。 21．第一段“Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings, which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights.”前文出现grow rice seedlings种植水稻幼苗，全文话题是太空种植植物；结合语境，宇航员需要在太空培育食物来维持长期航天飞行，因此cultivate在此处表示“种植、培育”，与grow含义相同。 22．第二段“The rice seedlings are growing very well…Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety have grown to around 5 centimeters.”第二段开篇就点明水稻幼苗长势良好，后面列举高秆水稻、矮秆水稻的具体生长高度，用真实数据进行佐证，以此说明本次太空水稻实验进展顺利、长势喜人。 23．第五段“Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays may make it hard for the plants to grow.”先总述太空种稻极具挑战，再具体列出微重力、空气匮乏、高能宇宙射线等恶劣条件，整段文字都在解释：为什么在太空环境中种植水稻十分困难。 24．倒数第二段说明水稻是航天员的长期主食，铺垫背景；最后一段点明实验成功后的实际作用，可实现太空就地种植粮食，减少物资携带。两段共同突出太空水稻实验的价值与重要性。 7 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．A 【解析】本文介绍人工智能运行会消耗水电、产生环境负担，指导人们按需理性使用AI并给出节能提问技巧。 25．第二段描述：“the data centers behind it consume electricity to think and respond.”，结合语境数据中心运转要耗用电力，可推断consume为“消耗、耗用”。 26．第五段介绍：“A normal web search consumes about ten times less energy than asking AI.”，说明简单任务用传统搜索引擎，是因为同等情况下它比人工智能耗能更少。 27．第三段分析：“These small environmental costs would quickly add up.”，阐明成千上万人同时使用AI时，环境成本会快速累积。 28．第四段点明：“you can be more thoughtful about when and how you use it.”，文章先讲AI的环境弊端，再给出合理使用的方法，核心是倡导谨慎使用AI，减少对地球的伤害。 8 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了美国俄亥俄州立大学科学家的一项研究：科学家邀请361名大学生观看悲伤电影，记录下他们不同阶段的情绪变化，最终证实：当人感到悲伤沮丧时，看悲伤电影反而会促使人们思考自身的生活、珍惜当下拥有的亲密关系，最终让人变得更开心。 29．根据文章第三段最后一句“The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.”可知，科学家邀请学生观看《赎罪》是为了探究他们观看影片后的情绪变化，符合C选项的描述。 30．根据文章第三段最后一句“The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness.”可知，学生在观影前、观影后各回答1次，观影过程中回答3次，总共为1+1+3=5次。 31．根据第4段“...the movie made them think about their own lives and relationships. Compared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives were full of hope.”可知，这里是将“他们的生活”与 “电影中不幸恋人的生活” 进行对比。因此，“those”指代的是前文提到的“lives”。 32．文章开篇就点明主旨：“Do you often feel sad or upset? If so, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be much better for you.” 全文都围绕 “情绪低落时看悲伤电影” 这一核心观点展开。A选项“Feeling Sad? Watch a Sad Movie”完美契合文章主旨。 9 33．D 34．C 35．B 36．B 【解析】本文主要介绍了青少年长期社交隔离对大脑发育的负面影响，以及早期干预的重要性。 33．第二段提到“the social habit of overusing screens often leads to a serious problem: long-term social isolation. In such a situation, teens are unwilling to be with people their age and hardly have meaningful face-to-face communication outside the home”，“长期社交隔离”是青少年过度使用屏幕导致的严重问题，表现为不愿意与同龄人在一起，几乎没有有意义的面对面交流。因此“isolation”意为“远离他人的状态”。 34．第三段提到“Similarly, teenagers need real-life social connections to improve the systems supporting their social understanding and behavior”，说明现实生活中的社交联系对青少年社交大脑有帮助。C选项“加入足球俱乐部并在学校一起训练”是与同龄人进行的现实社交活动，对青少年社交大脑最有帮助。 35．第五段开头提到“There were worrying differences: teenagers with long-term social isolation had underdeveloped signs in brain areas related to social understanding and emotional control...”，接着阐述了这些发现的重要性，所以第五段主要讲的是关于长期隔离影响的大脑区域的研究发现。 36．最后一段指出“teenage brains can still be shaped, so early support can reduce the risks”，说明及时的帮助可以保护青少年免受持久的大脑伤害。 10 37．C 38．A 39．A 40．B 【解析】本文围绕耶鲁大学Lisa Baik团队的一项新研究展开，旨在揭示蚊子为什么偏爱叮咬某些人。 37．第五段“To find out what mosquitoes prefer, the researchers put salt and amino acids on separate surfaces. Mosquitoes ignored both. However, when the team mixed them on the same surface, mosquitoes bit.”研究人员把盐和氨基酸分别放在不同表面时，蚊子既不碰盐也不碰氨基酸；但当两者混合后，蚊子就会叮咬，ignored在这里意为“忽视、不理会”，与选项C“Paid no attention to(没注意、不理会)”吻合。 38．第四段结尾提到：汗液中的水、盐和氨基酸可能影响蚊子叮咬的决定；第5段开头正是研究人员的实验：为了找出蚊子的偏好，他们将盐和氨基酸分别放在不同表面。“Baik wanted to explore how taste might influence a mosquito’s choice.”起到了过渡句的作用，承接上文“汗液成分影响叮咬”的猜想，引出下文第5段的实验过程，因此放在第5段开头最合适。 39．第四段“For example, according to Baik’s team, mosquitoes taste the surface before biting.”及第七段“We use our lips, mouth and tongue to taste. Mosquitoes are the same.”都说明蚊子在叮咬前会品尝。 40．全文围绕耶鲁大学Baik团队的研究展开，从蚊子的叮咬偏好、汗液成分的影响、味觉感知机制到防蚊新思路，核心目的就是向读者介绍一项关于“蚊子为何偏爱叮咬某些人”的科学研究。 11 41．B 42．B 43．A 44．C 【解析】本文介绍了帽带企鹅的筑巢方式、育雏挑战，以及它们通过“微睡眠”保护巢穴的特殊行为。 41．第二段提到“The eggs are often laid in nests made of small rocks to keep the eggs from freezing.”，说明帽带企鹅用小石块筑巢。 42．第五段提到“scientists put small devices on 14 penguins’ heads to check their brain activity, while filming them”，说明科学家通过检测企鹅的大脑活动并拍摄视频，发现了它们的微睡眠行为。 43．第三段提到“The parent must always keep alert. Birds called brown skuas target the eggs and young penguins of careless parents.”，说明“alert”在这里意为“警觉的、警惕的”，A选项“警卫必须整晚保持警惕，防范任何危险”符合词义。 44．第四段提到“chinstrap penguins take thousands of tiny naps each day. Each nap—or ‘microsleep’—lasts only about 4 seconds.”，且第六段提到这种模式能让它们保护巢穴、蛋和幼崽，因此C选项表述正确。 12 45．D 46．C 47．C 48．D 【解析】本文为记叙文，讲述16岁女孩Sagarika因看到受伤害动物的新闻投身环保，创立线上平台号召全球青少年参与气候行动，践行环保并规划未来的故事。 45．文章中：“Sagarika Sriram was just 10 when she read newspaper stories about the planet in trouble...She knew she had to act, so she joined cleanup activities in Dubai.”指出，是阅读到受伤害动物的新闻让她决定参加清理活动。 46．文章中：“helping things move in the right direction and leading to bigger changes”表明，“ripple effect”指小行动能引发后续更大的改变，与C项“引发更大变化的一步”相符。 47．第三段主要介绍Sagarika创立的平台面向8-16岁儿童，教他们在家和社区做环保的方法，且她希望学校开设这类环保课程，核心是给儿童的环保课程。 48．Sagarika年少投身环保、创立平台号召他人，体现“积极（active）”；她鼓励全球青少年参与环保，希望带动更多人守护地球，体现“鼓舞人心（encouraging）”。 13 49．B 50．C 51．C 52．D 【解析】本文讲述孤独的Mr Hatch因为一份“有人爱你”的礼物改变生活，后来又因邻居们的关爱重新获得幸福，说明每个人都被爱着。 49．第二段提到“he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate…‘Somebody loves you.’”以及“The message made him feel the power of love.”说明改变Mr Hatch生活的是收到带有“有人爱你”信息的礼物盒。 50．第二段中提到“his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him.”说明Mr Hatch的变化感动了周围的人。 51．第三段提到“When his neighbors found out, they decided not to lose the light he shared…‘Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.’ Mr Hatch cried when he knew that somebody loved him after all.”说明他哭是因为他知道邻居们爱他。 52．最后一段“We all have a little bit of Mr Hatch in us.”结合全文内容，Mr Hatch曾经孤独、觉得没人爱，说明这句话表达的是有时候我们也会像他一样感到不被爱或不被需要。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题24 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之词句猜测题） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 题型全景分析 分析维度 核心内容 说明与示例 题型特点 语境依赖性 答案通常不在词典定义中，而在上下文的逻辑里。考生需利用已知信息推导未知信息。 考查对象多样化 1. 生词：超纲词汇。 2. 熟词生义：常见词在特定语境下的特殊含义（如 sharp 指“敏锐的”而非“锋利的”）。 3. 代词指代：it, that, they, one 等指代的具体对象。 4. 短语/句子：习语或具有深层含义的句子。 设问方式 The underlined word "..." probably means ______. The word "..." refers to ______. The expression "..." can be replaced by ______. 命题思路 逻辑关系设题 命题人利用上下文的因果、转折、并列、递进等逻辑关系设置线索。例如，利用 but 前后的反义关系来推断词义。 定义解释设题 命题人会在文中直接给出定义、同位语或定语从句来解释生词，考查考生是否识别出这些解释性信息。 举例说明设题 通过列举具体事例（如 such as, like, for example）来暗示生词的范畴或特征。 干扰项设计 1. 望文生义：利用词根词缀的表面含义误导。 2. 常识干扰：选项符合常识但不符合文意。 3. 原词复现：选项中出现文中其他地方的词义，但与划线处无关。 答题策略 1. 构词法推测 分析词根、前缀和后缀。例：unpredictable = un (不) + pre (预先) + dict (说) + able (能...的) → 不可预测的。 2. 逻辑关系法 寻找逻辑信号词。 转折/对比 (but, however, unlike)：词义通常相反。 因果 (because, so, therefore)：根据原因推结果。 并列 (and, or)：词义通常相近。 3. 定义/解释法 寻找解释性信号词 (is, means, refer to, that is, in other words) 或标点符号 (破折号、括号、引号)。 4. 代入验证法 将选项代入原文，看句意是否通顺，逻辑是否连贯。 核心解题技巧细分 线索类型 信号词/标志 解题口诀 示例 定义与重述 be, mean, refer to, that is to say, in other words 看见定义直接选，破折号后找答案。 Ambulation, or the act of walking, is good for health. (Ambulation = walking) 举例说明 such as, like, for example, including 例子前面找共性，归纳总结得词义。 Vegetables such as carrots and cabbages are healthy. (Vegetables = 蔬菜类) 对比转折 but, however, while, unlike, instead 前后意思往往反，利用反义以此推。 He is loquacious, unlike his quiet brother. (loquacious = talkative/话多) 因果关系 because, since, so, therefore, as a result 因果逻辑紧密连，由因推果或由果推因。 He was furious because he lost the game. (furious = angry) 代词指代 it, that, this, they, them, one 往前找，找最近，单复一致是关键。 I bought a book. It is interesting. (It = book) 【实例分析】 When I was in middle school, I had a math teacher named Mr. Green. He was a very demanding teacher. He expected us to finish our homework on time and check every answer carefully. If we made a careless mistake, he would ask us to do the problem again until we got it right. At first, we complained a lot, but later we realized his strictness helped us build a solid foundation. [题目]The underlined word "demanding" in the passage probably means "______". A. humorous B. strict C. patient D. lazy [分析] 定位线索：划线词 demanding 出现在第二句。后文紧接着解释了 Mr. Green 的行为：“He expected us to finish our homework on time...”（期望按时交作业），“check every answer carefully”（仔细检查答案）。再后文提到：“If we made a careless mistake, he would ask us to do the problem again...”（犯错要重做）。最后甚至直接出现了同义词提示：“...realized his strictness helped us...”（意识到他的严格帮助了我们）。 逻辑推理：根据后文的描述，这位老师要求高、不容忍马虎、必须重做直到正确。这些行为特征都指向“严格”。 利用同义词线索：文末的 strictness（严格）直接对应了 demanding 的含义。 排除干扰项：A. humorous（幽默的）：文中未提及他讲笑话或有趣。C. patient（耐心的）：虽然他让学生重做，但重点在于“要求高”而非“态度温和”。D. lazy（懒惰的）：与文中描述完全相反。 得出结论：选项 B (strict) 最符合语境。答案：B ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 1 Three Feet of Gold Have you ever given up on something? Did you feel like you had tried your best? What if success was just around the corner? This is the story of a man who learned the answers the hard way. Years ago, a man named Johnson heard that there was gold in a certain area. He was excited and decided to try his luck. He bought some tools and began to dig. Day after day, he worked hard under the sun. Weeks passed, and he found nothing. But he did not give up. He kept digging, believing that he would find gold soon. Months went by. Johnson became tired and discouraged. His money was almost gone, and he felt hopeless. One day, he decided to stop. He sold all his tools to another man and went back home, feeling like a complete failure. The new owner looked at the hole Johnson had dug. He thought Johnson must have given up too soon. So he continued digging just three feet deeper. To his great surprise, he found plenty of gold. Johnson had been only three feet away from success when he stopped. This story tells us that success often comes after the last try. Many people fail not because they are not able, but because they do not persist. Difficulties are not meant to stop us, but to test our determination (决心). As long as we keep trying and never give up, we will finally reach our goals. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By giving examples. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling a story. D．By asking questions. 2．Why did Johnson decide to stop digging? A．Because he found some gold. B．Because he wanted to sell his tools. C．Because he met a new friend. D．Because he felt tired and hopeless. 3．What does the underlined word “persist” in Para 5 probably mean? A．Keep on. B．Give up. C．Put on. D．Give out. 4．What would most likely happen next if the story continued? A．Johnson would come back and ask for his tools. B．The new owner would become rich from the gold. C．Johnson would start digging in another place. D．The new owner would share the gold with Johnson. 2 At this year’s Spring Festival gala, humanoid robots made their unforgettable return. Just like last year, they wowed audiences the moment they appeared on stage. But there was a world of difference between the two years. “Do you still remember? Last year, the robots could only twirl handkerchiefs and dance Yangko ,” said some people online, not being able to hide their excitement. “It’s unreal!” Everyone can see that China has reached the next level in robotics . Here’s what the robots did during the show this year. They performed parkour (跑酷) and martial arts like Drunken Fist (醉拳) and nunchaku (双节棍). They made all kinds of difficult flips (空翻) without a single fall. As they had become much more deft (灵活的) with their fingers, they could also hold weapons such as staffs (棍棒) and nunchakus. A human-sized robot even showed off its sword skills at the end of the performance. “These moves are a perfect starting point for developing future robots,” said an expert after the annual New Year event. How the robots performed as a group was no less amazing. Although they had to move together at high speed, they didn’t fail to keep their formation (队形). It was the first time in the world people had seen anything like this. So, last year was nothing to be ashamed of—it was where it all began. At the end of the day, the progress made in just one year matters more than anything else. It gives people around the world a glimpse into China’s technology power. As Elon Musk puts it, China is already ahead of the rest of the world in robotics. True, humanoid robots are still in the early stages, and still don’t have everyday uses yet. But when you look at what’s happened in such a short time, you’ll surely say, “The future is much closer than I had expected.” 5．Which of the following sentences can be filled in with the underlined word “ashamed”? A．They are ______ to help the elderly clean their houses on weekends. B．He was ______ to take part in the school sports meeting next week. C．She felt ______ of her impolite words to her best friend last night. D．The little girl was ______ to try the new ride because it looked scary. 6．Which of the following statements is true? A．We develop robots because we want them to be the world’s best dancers. B．The development of robotics in China should slow down now. C．Elon Musk thinks China will soon be better than the US in robotics. D．Today’s robots are useful for future development. 7．Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A．Robots will never have practical uses. B．We should sell our robots to other countries. C．It’s a certainty that robots will enter our homes in the future. D．Robots should try dancing Yangko again in 2027. 8．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Spring Festival Gala and Its Amazing Performances B．Humanoid Robots: China’s Leap in Robotics Technology C．The Development of Martial Arts in Robotics D．China’s Robot Industry 3 For the first time, primary and secondary schools in Jiangsu gave students a three-day spring break in early April. Together with the Qingming Festival, children enjoyed a six-day holiday. The policy aims to help students relax, enjoy nature, and reduce study stress. Many parents welcomed the break. “Spring is the best time for children to go outside and feel the season,” one father said. During the holiday, zoos and sports centers opened for free. Schools gave no written homework. A company in Kunshan even gave employees three paid days off so they could stay with their children. Tourism data showed that searches for family trips rose sharply online. One mother shared that her son finally had time to fly kites and paint flowers in the park. However, some parents felt troubled. Both parents have to work, but children stay at home. “We can only ask grandparents for help or send them to daycare centers,” a working mother of two said. She worried that leaving children alone at home could be unsafe. Other parents worried that the extra breaks would break the rhythm of learning. They thought their kids should go to school as usual. If there were too many breaks, students may lose the habit of studying. To solve these problems, cities like Nanjing asked schools to provide free care services. Parents could choose how many days of care they needed. Community centers offered fun activities such as calligraphy, chess, and traditional crafts. In Yangzhou, 44 community centers stayed open for students, with seven offering full-day services. The companies paid leave policy (政策) received wide praise. Following this example, all 13 cities in Jiangsu encouraged companies to offer flexible (灵活的) leave for parents of school-age children. In short, the spring break gives students a valuable chance to rest and explore. But it also creates new challenges for working families and schools. Finding a balance between relaxation and childcare still needs more thought and better support from both the government and employers. 9．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article? A．The spring break in Jiangsu was three days long, including the weekend. B．All parents supported the break because schools gave no homework. C．Some companies offered paid leave so parents could stay with their children. D．44 community centers offered full -day services in Yangzhou. 10．In paragraph 3, the underlined word “rhythm” most likely means ________. A．the regular (有规律的) beat in a piece of music B．the regular pattern (模式) of events C．a repeated pattern of sounds D．the repetition in a poem 11．Based on the article, which of the following statements best shows the writer’s opinions? A．Children have more time to fly kites and play, but parents may struggle to find safe care for them during work hours. B．Zoos and sports centers open for free, so families can save money and have fun together. C．Frequent breaks may cause students to lose their study habits, which could hurt their exam scores. D．Some companies give paid leave to parents, which makes the break perfect for every family. 12．Which of the following is the best title for this article? A．How to Enjoy a Six‑Day Holiday in Jiangsu B．Free School Care, and Community Activities C．Jiangsu’s First Spring Break Brings Joy and Worry D．Why Working Parents Welcome the School Holiday 4 “The hound!” Holmes cried suddenly. “Come, Watson! Come!” We ran quickly across the dark moor. A final, desperate scream broke the quiet, and then came a dull, heavy sound. The night fell deathly silent. Holmes pressed his hands to his forehead and stamped his feet in frustration. “We are too late,” he said in a low voice, angrily. Suddenly, we heard a low moan. A man was lying on the rocks. As we walked closer, we saw the dead body of Sir Henry Baskerville. He was wearing his brown tweed suit. “Oh no!” I cried out, feeling my blood run cold. Holmes knelt quickly beside the body, and then suddenly he began laughing. “A beard!” he said. “This isn’t Sir Henry—it’s Selden, the escaped prisoner!” The truth hit me at once. Sir Henry had given his old clothes to Barrymore, who had secretly passed them to Selden. “The suit killed him,” Holmes said quietly. “Someone gave the hound Sir Henry’s scent—probably the stolen boot from the London hotel—and it hunted the wrong man.” Suddenly, we saw someone walking towards us. It was Stapleton. Holmes whispered: “Don’t let him see your suspicions.” “Dr Watson!” Stapleton asked, in surprise. “What brings you out here at this hour? I heard a strange noise and came to check on Sir Henry.” He saw the body and froze. “Is that him?” “It’s Selden,” I said. “He’s dead.” Stapleton tried to overcome his amazement and disappointment, “Terrible,” he murmured. “I feared the worst for Sir Henry.” “Sir Henry is safe,” Holmes said coldly. Stapleton then recognized him and smiled nervously. “Mr Holmes! I didn’t know you were here. Can you solve the mystery of the Hound of the Baskervilles?” Holmes shrugged. “We cannot solve every mystery. Anyway, I’ll return to London tomorrow.” With that, we left for Baskerville Hall, leaving Stapleton to walk home alone. Poor Selden lay still on the rocks. 13．How does the writer create the atmosphere (氛围) in Paragraphs 1~2? A．By describing the characters’ warm feelings. B．By describing the quiet and safe environment. C．By using short, quick actions and sudden sounds. D．By showing long conversations between the characters. 14．Which of the following is the correct order of the story? a. Stapleton pretended to care about Sir Henry. b. The hound got Sir Henry’s scent from his boot. c. Holmes laughed after kneeling beside the dead body. d. Watson realized why the hound hunted the wrong man. e. Holmes whispered to Watson not to let Stapleton see their suspicions. A．b-d-c-a-e B．b-c-d-e-a C．c-b-e-d-a D．c-d-b-a-e 15．Why did Holmes laugh suddenly after kneeling beside the dead body? A．He felt relaxed because Sir Henry was safe. B．He felt surprised to find a beard on the dead man. C．He was proud that he found the escaped prisoner at last. D．He was happy that the mystery of the hound was solved. 16．What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentences in the second-to-last paragraph? A．Holmes lost confidence in solving the case. B．Holmes only pretended to give up the case. C．Holmes was too tired to continue the case. D．Holmes thought it was not an important case. 5 After a 10-year project to count tuna (金枪鱼) and other large fish in the world’s oceans, scientists have made a very surprising discovery: these fish are almost gone. Because of too much fishing, almost 90 percent of the worldwide population of large fish—the ones we usually eat have disappeared. If we don’t act, these animals will totally disappear. That will influence every animal in the ocean. The demand for fish is growing. Almost a billion people around the world get their protein (蛋白质) mostly from fish. Doctors praise seafood for being low in fat. But what seems like a healthy choice for humans is causing a disaster to our oceans. “People are consuming (消费) too much,” says Lance Morgan, a scientist at the Marine Conservation Biology Institute. A dish of tuna in restaurants costs more than just one animal’s life. When fish like tuna disappear from the ecosystem (生态系统), the ocean’s food chain breaks down. Animals such as sharks, which normally eat tuna, may die because they find no food. The news may be scary, but taking action from now on can prevent harm that hasn’t happened yet. World organizations are ordering countries to stop fishing too much. The Monterey Bay Aquarium gives seafood choices to anyone hoping to keep healthy without destroying the environment. “If you care about wildlife, first spend time and think about your own values and beliefs,” says Morgan. “Then decide what you’re going to eat.” 17．What’s the main reason for the disappearance of fish? A．Pollution in the sea. B．Overfishing by humans. C．People consume little. D．The food chain breaks down. 18．What does the underlined word “demand” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Wish. B．Support. C．Need. D．Price. 19．According to Paragraph 3, we know that ________. A．if sharks die out, tuna will die out soon B．tuna will be more popular in restaurants C．tuna play an important role in the ecosystem D．tuna disappeared because they found no food 20．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the text? A．To tell people to stop polluting our oceans. B．To tell people to protect wildlife in oceans. C．To tell people to avoid eating too much seafood. D．To tell people to live a balanced and healthy life. 6 How do plants grow in space? An experiment at the Tiangong space station can provide the answer. Chinese astronauts have successfully grown rice seedlings (幼苗), which may show us how astronauts can cultivate food to support long-term space flights. “The rice seedlings are growing very well,” Zheng Huiqiong, a scientist, told China Daily. Since the rice experiment began on July 29, 2022, the seedlings of the tall shoot rice variety (高秆水稻品种) have reached a height of about 30 centimeters. Plus, the seedlings of the dwarf rice variety (矮秆水稻品种) have grown to around 5 centimeters. While there have been other rice experiments in space, the one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. It aims to produce the complete life cycle of the plant, which begins with a seed and ends with a grown plant producing new seeds. “The astronauts will keep studying the plants. If the experiment is successful, they will collect the newly produced seeds and bring them back to the earth for further studies,” Zheng added. Since the 1980s, China has been taking the seeds of crops to space. But growing rice in orbit (轨道) is a different challenge due to the hard conditions in space. Micro-gravity, no air and high-energy cosmic rays (宇宙射线) may make it hard for the plants to grow. Rice has been a staple food (主食) for astronauts for a long time. US astronauts on the Apollo 11-the first humans to land on the moon in July, 1969, ate freeze-dried chicken and rice during their trip to space. If such an experiment goes well, astronauts will be able to grow their food in orbit, reducing how much food has to be taken on space flights. 21．What does “cultivate” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Find. B．Grow. C．Waste. D．Cook. 22．What is the purpose of describing the heights of the rice varieties in Paragraph 2? A．To make us interested in space exploration. B．To tell us about the scientists’ work. C．To introduce different types of rice seedlings. D．To show the rice experiment is going well. 23．What does Paragraph 5 tell us? A．China has taken the seeds of crops to space. B．There’s no micro-gravity or air in space. C．Why it is difficult to grow rice in space. D．How rice is taken and grown in space. 24．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about? A．Future space missions. B．The importance of the rice experiment. C．The best food choices for astronauts. D．Changes in astronauts’ food through history. 7 Do you care about the environment? If so, you might feel a bit unsure about using AI chatbots after learning how they work. Every time you ask an AI chatbot a question, the data centers (数据中心) behind it consume electricity to think and respond. In the process, they also give off heat. Keeping those powerful computers cool requires large amounts of fresh water. Asking AI one or two — or even a thousand — questions won’t harm the Earth much. But consider what would happen if thousands of people consume AI at the same time. These small environmental costs would quickly add up. That doesn’t mean you have to avoid using AI. However, you can be more thoughtful about when and how you use it. For simple tasks, such as checking a store’s opening hours, a traditional search engine is usually the better choice. A normal web search consumes about ten times less energy than asking AI. If you have a trickier question, then it’s worth turning to an AI chatbot. In some cases, using AI may even be better for the environment than doing the task yourself. For example, an AI model can create a picture in about a minute. Drawing the same picture yourself might take an hour on your computer. During that time, you and your computer would consume as much — if not more — energy. “The real question isn’t, ‘Will AI influence the environment?’ It clearly will,” said Bill Tomlinson, a computer science professor. “You should ask yourself, ‘What are you replacing?’” AI models consume more energy for every extra word they process. For this reason, you can save energy by asking AI for brief answers when long ones aren’t necessary. Also, keep your questions short and to the point. There’s no need to add “please” or “thank you.” The AI model won’t take it personally. 25．What does the word “consume” most likely mean? A．Save or keep. B．Use up or take in. C．Waste or destroy. D．Require or demand. 26．Why does the writer recommend using traditional search engines for simple tasks? A．They give more exact answers for simple questions. B．They provide faster results with less network delay. C．They consume less energy than AI for the same task. D．They allow users to get answers without AI mistakes. 27．What can we learn about AI’s effect on the environment? A．AI’s environmental effect is small if millions of people use it. B．Repeated AI use has no greater effect than just one use. C．New technology will stop AI’s environmental problems. D．The environmental cost grows quickly when many people use AI at once. 28．What is the main idea of the passage? A．We need to use AI carefully to reduce harm to Earth. B．Search engines are always better than AI chatbots. C．We should stop using AI to protect nature. D．The harm AI does to nature is not important. 8 Do you often feel sad or upset (沮丧)? If so, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be much better for you. Some scientists at Ohio State University, the U.S., have found that sad movies can make people happier. They published their study in a magazine called Communication Research. Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie called Atonement. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated. They died during World War II at the end of the movie. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feelings, including sadness. According to the results of the survey, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their own lives and relationships. Compared to those of the unlucky lovers in the movie, their lives were full of hope. “I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie has made me think a lot,” one student wrote. Silvia Knobloch-Westerwick, the leader of the study, explained that bad moods would make people more thoughtful.” Good moods are generally a sign that everything is fine. You don’t have to worry, and you don’t have to think about problems in your life,” she said.” But bad emotions (情绪), like sadness, make you feel terrible about your situation. Therefore, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will cause you to think more about your own close relationships and value them more.” 29．The scientists asked the college students to watch Atonement ________. A．to help them make more friends B．to make them feel better about themselves C．to find out how they felt after watching it D．to encourage them to share their feelings 30．How many times did the students answer questions from the scientists? A．Three times. B．Four times. C．Five times. D．Six times. 31．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Stories. B．Feelings. C．Friends. D．Lives. 32．What is the best title for this passage? A．Feeling Sad? Watch a Sad Movie B．Feeling Lonely? Find True Love C．Feeling Bad? See a Happy Film D．Feeling Down? Think about Others 9 For many teenagers, growing up means stepping out of family life to build friendships. Hanging out after school and sharing secrets may seem like simple fun, but scientists say these experiences are important as they shape a teen’s “social brain”—the system for understanding others and managing feelings. Recently, however, teens in many places spend far less time face-to-face with friends, mainly connecting through screens instead. Being alone from time to time is not necessarily bad, but the social habit of overusing screens often leads to a serious problem: long-term social isolation. In such a situation, teens are unwilling to be with people their age and hardly have meaningful face-to-face communication outside the home, which is quite different from choosing to be alone voluntarily. During the teenage years, the brain changes rapidly and strengthens connections between its different areas. It is in this period that the social brain becomes better at reading facial expressions, understanding others’ thoughts, and making proper behavioral choices. One researcher compares this process to language learning: the brain is born with such an ability, yet it still requires plenty of practice to use the ability properly. Similarly, teenagers need real-life social connections to improve the systems supporting their social understanding and behavior. Scientists have been carrying out long-term studies to explore the effects of social isolation on teenagers. They follow large groups of teens, collecting both brain scans and daily-life information. In one recent project, researchers compared the brain scans of socially isolated teens with those of teens who had more face-to-face social activities, and used parents’ reports to judge the social isolation levels of these teens, such as whether they often stayed away from group activities. There were worrying differences: teenagers with long-term social isolation had underdeveloped signs in brain areas related to social understanding and emotional control. Surprisingly, brain areas for attention and decision-making also performed poorly, something that researchers had not expected, as they never thought isolation would harm so many brain parts. This finding matters because these negative changes during the teenage years can leave long-lasting effects on a developing brain, making it harder for them to succeed in the future. The hopeful news is that teenage brains can still be shaped, so early support can reduce the risks of long-term social isolation. This can be achieved by offering teens more opportunities to socialize or asking a trusted adult or a doctor for help. What matters most is that teenagers keep meaningful face-to-face connections with others their age, and with proper support and balance, most can develop healthy social habits that benefit both their brains and overall well-being. 33．What does the word “isolation” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．A feeling of being lonely. B．A preference for quiet environments. C．A habit of avoiding group activities. D．A state of staying away from others. 34．Which of the experiences listed below is the most helpful for a teen’s social brain? A．Planting a tree in the backyard with a family member. B．Learning how to play the piano with a private teacher. C．Joining a football club and practising together at school. D．Communicating with friends mainly through social media. 35．What does Paragraph 5 mainly talk about? A．The methods researchers used to collect information from teens. B．The findings about brain areas influenced by long-term isolation. C．The solutions to prevent long-term social isolation among teenagers. D．The reasons why teenagers prefer staying alone instead of going out. 36．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Being alone voluntarily leads to negative emotions. B．Timely help protects teenagers from lasting brain harm. C．Using screens sometimes is harmful to the social brain. D．Social isolation mainly influences social understanding. 10 At a summer party, mosquitoes bite some guests while others stay bite-free. New research helps explain why: Some people just taste better. “Mosquitoes like something in our sweat (汗),” says Lisa Baik at Yale University. She studies how insects, especially mosquitoes, sense their world. Baik’s team shared their findings last November in Nature. Mosquitoes feed on the blood of the animals they bite and can cause diseases like malaria and dengue. Knowing what causes mosquitoes to bite or not can help researchers develop better methods of control, according to Baik’s team. For example, according to Baik’s team, mosquitoes taste the surface before biting. This means that sweat may play a big role when mosquitoes decide to bite. There is water, salt and amino acids (氨基酸) in human sweat. To find out what mosquitoes prefer, the researchers put salt and amino acids on separate surfaces. Mosquitoes ignored both. However, when the team mixed them on the same surface, mosquitoes bit. The researchers then looked at activity in certain mosquito nerve (神经) cells involved in taste. Some sweat samples had a larger effect on the activity of these nerve cells than others. “That shows taste could be one of the reasons why some of us get bitten a lot more than others,” Baik says. Tasting requires touch. We use our lips, mouth and tongue to taste. Mosquitoes are the same. A long tube extends from their face like a straw (吸管). At the end of that “straw” are two small, lip-like parts that can touch a surface. The researchers examined those lips. They had little hairs on them. Nerve cells inside the hairs responded (作出反应) to touch. Then the team tested how the hairs responded to different things. When sugar touched the hairs, the nerve cells became active. Some bitter compounds (苦味化合物), though, stopped the nerve cells’ response to sugar. “This was exciting and surprising,” says Baik. “This type of activity hasn’t been seen in other insects.” Adding bitter compounds to sugar reduced the sweet response. It also made mosquitoes less likely to feed. “This showed that we could use bitter compounds as a way to stop the feeding of mosquitoes,” says Baik. Baik is now hunting for just the right compound to stop mosquitoes from biting people. “It should be safe, low-cost and friendly to the environment. It could someday be used in a spray for skin and clothing,” she said. 37．What does the underlined word “ignored” mean in the passage? A．Fell in love with. B．Got bored with. C．Paid no attention to. D．Looked forward to. 38．The following sentence can best be put at the beginning of ________. Baik wanted to explore how taste might influence a mosquito’s choice. A．Paragraph 5 B．Paragraph 6 C．Paragraph 7 D．Paragraph 8 39．What can we learn about mosquitoes in the passage? A．They taste people before deciding to bite. B．They prefer to bite people without sweat. C．They prefer bitter compounds to sweet ones. D．They use nerve cells inside the hairs to make sounds. 40．The main purpose of this passage is to ________. A．encourage us to invent something to prevent mosquito biting B．tell us about research on why mosquitoes prefer to bite some people C．introduce some ways to prevent mosquitoes from biting people D．advise us to explore how to stop mosquitoes spreading diseases 11 ①Just like other penguins, chinstrap penguins (帽带企鹅) in Antarctica (南极) spend much of their time in the water, catching fish to eat. But when the time comes to raise their young, they return to land. ②Raising young penguins is a challenge. The eggs are often laid in nests (巢) made of small rocks to keep the eggs from freezing. One parent takes care of the nest for long periods of time, while the other goes out for food. ③The parent must always keep alert. Birds called brown skuas (棕贼鸥) target the eggs and young penguins of careless parents. But it’s hard to stay alert and protect a nest 24 hours a day. So chinstrap penguins have found an unusual way of solving the problem. ④In a new study, scientists report that chinstrap penguins take thousands of tiny naps (打盹) each day. Each nap—or “microsleep”—lasts only about 4 seconds. They get a daily total of about 11 hours of sleep. ⑤To find out whether chinstrap penguins were sleeping or not, scientists put small devices (设备) on 14 penguins’ heads to check their brain activity, while filming them. About 11 days later, they made a discovery. The penguins actually slept for 4 seconds each time—thousands of times a day. This explains how tired parents stay awake enough to protect their babies. ⑥It’s not clear if the microsleeps allow the penguins to actually feel relaxed. But the penguins are able to keep the pattern up for weeks, which allows them to protect their nests, eggs and babies. 41．What do chinstrap penguins use to build their nests? A．Leaves and grass. B．Small rocks. C．Pieces of ice. D．Fish bones. 42．How did the scientists know that the penguins took microsleeps? A．By counting their short naps with timers. B．By testing their brains and taking videos. C．By watching how they hunted fish. D．By studying how they built nests. 43．In which sentence can the underlined word “alert” in paragraph③be put in? A．The guards had to stay ________all night to watch for any danger. B．After a 12-hour mission, the soldiers felt extremely ________. C．The quiet library was a ________ place for reading. D．The dog looked ________ while searching for food near the trash cans. 44．According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Chinstrap penguins sleep for 11 hours at night. B．Chinstrap penguins’ microsleeps make them feel fully relaxed. C．Chinstrap penguins take thousands of 4-second naps daily to protect their nests. D．Chinstrap penguins stop sleeping completely when raising their young. 12 Sagarika Sriram was just 10 when she read newspaper stories about the planet in trouble. One story was about a whale that washed up on the beach after oil pollution and another was dolphins with plastic inside them. She knew she had to act, so she joined cleanup activities in Dubai. She said this experience taught her what people can do and what difference they can make. In 2016, Sagarika created Kids for a Better World, an online platform (平台) that has brought nearly 10,000 young people worldwide to fight climate change. Now 16, she is part of a group of young environmental activists (倡导者). She believes even small actions can create a “ripple effect”, helping things move in the right direction and leading to bigger changes. The platform is for children aged 8 to 16. It teaches them how to help at home and in their communities, such as by planting trees, growing food, recycling, and avoiding plastic. These are lessons Sagarika wants schools to teach, because they can help change our future. Growing up in a desert city, she deeply understands the need for action. Her city faces challenges like rising temperatures and less water. She believes young people can bring public attention to these problems. Although she values small daily actions, Sagarika has big plans. She plans to study at Stanford University and continue running her organization. She hopes to encourage others to fight for a greener planet, just as others once encouraged her. 45．What made Sagarika decide to join clean-up activities? A．Facing heat and less water. B．Learning ways to protect nature. C．Believing small actions could matter. D．Reading stories about harmed animals. 46．What does the underlined phrase “ripple effect” in paragraph 2 mean? A．A task needing hard work. B．A problem spreading in nature. C．A step causing bigger changes. D．An idea drawing many children. 47．What is the main idea of paragraph 3? A．Sagarika’s future plans. B．Simple green actions. C．Green lessons for children. D．Serious climate problems. 48．Which of the following words can best describe Sagarika? A．Clever and patient. B．Creative and humorous. C．Friendly and imaginative. D．Active and encouraging. 13 Mr Hatch lived a lonely life. He walked alone to work every day and ate his lunch alone in a corner. He never smiled. He never talked to anyone on his way home. In the evening he would read a newspaper and go to bed early His life changed, however, one day when he got a heart-shaped box full of chocolate in the mail, along with a note that said, “Somebody loves you.” At first, he couldn’t believe it, but as he read the message, he began to laugh and dance around. The message made him feel the power of love. Soon he found himself being cheerful. He began to help out people in the neighborhood. As the days and weeks went by, his laughter, smiles, kindness, happiness and love touched everyone around him. Later, Mr Hatch found out that the heart-shaped box belonged to somebody else. It was a mistake. He felt sad and went back to his old ways. When his neighbors found out, they decided not to lose the light he shared. They surprised him with a party and a long banner (条幅) that reads:“Everybody Loves Mr Hatch.” Mr Hatch cried when he knew that somebody loved him after all. Then he laughed, smiled and hugged his friends. We all have a little bit of Mr Hatch in us. However, somebody does love us. 49．What changed Mr Hatch’s life at first? A．Reading a fun story in a newspaper. B．Getting a gift box with a loving message. C．Making a piece of heart-shaped chocolate. D．Falling in love with a girl in his neighborhood. 50．How did other people feel about Mr Hatch’s active changes? A．They tried to teach him how to love. B．They wanted him to change back. C．They were moved by his changes. D．They didn’t believe his changes. 51．Why did Mr Hatch cry when his neighbors threw a party for him? A．Because he learned the chocolate was from his neighbors. B．Because it was his neighbors who played tricks on him. C．Because he knew that at least his neighbors loved him. D．Because he had never been invited to a party before. 52．What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A．We all love Mr Hatch all the time. B．We have kind neighbors as Mr Hatch. C．Mr Hatch is famous all over the world. D．At times we feel unloved and unlovable. ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $