专题23 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之推理判断题）-2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用）

该初中英语中考复习知识清单聚焦阅读理解推理判断题，涵盖题型特点、命题思路、答题策略三大核心范畴，通过结构化清单、实例分析与拓展训练，构建从理论认知到实践应用的系统化复习框架。 清单采用分类梳理（如干扰项特征、命题角度）和策略分级（如反向验证法、语气线索分析）呈现知识，突出思维品质与语言能力培养。实例解析中“语言内容+语气→态度推断”等推理路径设计，帮助学生掌握隐含信息推导技巧，助力自主复习，为教师提供高效教学辅助工具。

2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题23 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之推理判断题） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 题型特点 序号 特点类别 具体说明 1 考查目标 要求考生根据文本中的隐含信息，推断作者意图、人物态度、事件发展趋势等未直接陈述的内容。 2 题干关键词 常见提问方式包括：“It can be inferred that...”, “We can learn from the passage that...”, “What does the author imply about...?”等。 3 信息呈现方式 所需信息不直接出现在文中，需通过上下文逻辑、人物行为、语言语气等进行合理推导。 4 占比与重要性 在中考阅读理解中占比约15%-25%，属于高阶思维能力考查题型，区分度较高。 5 干扰项特征 常见干扰项为“过度推理”（加入主观想象）、“以偏概全”（仅依据局部信息）和“无中生有”（文中无依据）。 命题思路 序号 命题角度 命题方式与典型模式 1 推断作者态度 通过情感词（如criticize, support, doubt）、修辞手法或对比结构体现立场，要求判断是积极、消极还是中立。 2 推断人物心理 利用人物动作、语言、神态描写间接反映其情绪或动机，如“smiled”暗示满意，“sighed”暗示无奈。 3 推断事件结果 给出前因或发展趋势，要求预测后续可能发生的情况，如环保措施推行后的影响。 4 推断写作目的 要求理解作者为何写此文，常见目的包括告知信息、说服读者、表达观点或引发思考。 5 推断隐含关系 涉及因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系，需结合连接词（but, however, therefore）进行深层理解。 答题策略 序号 策略名称 实施方法与技巧说明 1 关注语气与情感线索 留意描述性词语（如joyfully, bitterly）、感叹句、反问句等，帮助判断情感倾向。 2 分析行为背后的动机 人物做了什么？为什么这么做？例如，“he rushed to the hospital”可推断他非常关心某人。 3 利用上下文逻辑推导 结合前后句的因果、转折关系进行推理，避免孤立看待某一句话。 4 避免主观臆断 所有推断必须基于文本证据，不能脱离原文添加个人经验或常识假设。 5 排除绝对化或夸大选项 如“always”, “never”, “the most important”等极端表述往往是错误选项。 6 运用“反向验证法” 将每个选项代入原文，看是否与整体语境一致，能否找到支撑依据。 7 结合背景知识适度联想 在不偏离文本的前提下，可借助生活常识辅助理解，如“dark clouds and thunder”暗示即将下雨。 【实例分析】 Last weekend, Tom visited his grandfather in the countryside. When he arrived, he noticed that the old man was planting tomato seeds in the garden, even though it was already late spring. “Isn’t it too late for planting?” Tom asked. His grandfather smiled and said, “It’s never too late to start something if you believe in it.” Tom watched quietly as his grandfather carefully watered the soil. That night, Tom wrote in his diary: “Today I learned that age and timing shouldn’t stop us from trying.” Q1: What can we infer about Tom’s grandfather? A. He is worried about the harvest. B. He believes in starting late but trying anyway. C. He wants Tom to take over the farm. D. He doesn’t know the right time to plant tomatoes. 正确答案：B 解析： --关键句：“It’s never too late to start something if you believe in it.” --- 此句话表达了积极的人生态度，说明爷爷强调“信念”比“时机”更重要。 ---A项“worried”无依据；C项“take over the farm”属无中生有；D项与爷爷自信的态度矛盾。 ---推理依据：语言内容 + 语气（smiled） → 态度积极 → 支持“尝试即有意义”。 Q2: How did Tom probably feel after the visit? A. Bored because nothing exciting happened. B. Inspired by his grandfather’s words. C. Doubtful about whether the plants would grow. D. Angry at being taken to the countryside. 正确答案：B 解析： --- 关键句：“Today I learned that age and timing shouldn’t stop us from trying.” --- “learned”表明有思想上的收获；“shouldn’t stop us”体现正向感悟。 --- A、C、D均与日记内容相悖，属于主观臆测或情绪扭曲。 --- 推理路径：人物行为（写日记记录感悟）→ 情感态度 → 被启发。 Q3: What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To teach how to grow tomatoes. B. To show the importance of farming. C. To share a life lesson through a personal story. D. To compare city and country life. 正确答案：C 解析： --- 全文重点不在农业知识，而在最后一句的“learned”所揭示的道理。 --- 故事结构为“经历—对话—感悟”，符合“以小见大”的写作手法。 --- A、B、D均为表面信息或无关延伸，偏离主旨。 --- 推理依据：结尾升华主题 → 写作目的为传递人生哲理。 ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 1 Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 1．Why are nature and culture often seen as opposite ideas? A．Because human activities make nature instead of culture. B．Because it seems cultural development is achieved against nature. C．Because people think the development of humans is friendly to nature. D．Because human species always take a natural effort to develop. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 3．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 4．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．System. B．Spread. C．Start. D．Spirit. 2 Have you ever seen a road that can make electricity? In Jinan, China, engineers have built a one-kilometre stretch of highway with special panels under the surface. When cars drive over the road, the panels change the pressure into power. On sunny days, the same panels also collect solar energy. The electricity is used to run street lights and traffic signals. Surplus power is sent to the city grid. Scientists say that if only 10 percent of China’s roads were built this way, they could provide enough energy for the whole country during the daytime. The new road is strong enough to hold heavy trucks, and its surface is designed to prevent skidding in rain. However, the cost is still high, so the team is looking for cheaper materials. They believe that in ten years such roads will become common, turning every journey into a source of green energy. 5．What is special about the new road in Jinan? A．It changes pressure and sunlight into electricity. B．It can become wider when traffic increases. C．It is painted with bright colours for drivers. D．It warns cars when they drive too fast. 6．How is the electricity used at present? A．To charge electric cars only. B．To run lights and signals. C．To heat the road in winter. D．To power nearby factories. 7．What problem do the engineers still face? A．The road is easily damaged. B．The noise troubles people. C．The building cost is high. D．The power is wasted at night. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Roads B．A Highway That Creates Power C．How to Drive Safely D．The Future of Electric Cars 3 My grandmother, Mary, is so into gardening. She spends most of her time in her yard. In spring, she plants seeds (种子) and enjoys the beautiful flowers. When autumn comes, she gets busy getting fruits and collecting fallen leaves. Through her care, the yard becomes a living work of art that changes with every season. However, gardening isn’t always easy, and my grandma meets with difficulties too. For years, a big apple tree never had any fruit. My grandma tried almost everything: she read gardening books, searched online, and even talked and sang to the tree. But nothing worked. Finally, Grandma asked her friend Jamie, an expert, for help. “Maybe you should hit the bottom of the tree to stimulate its roots (刺激它的根),” Jamie said. Grandma thought it was strange. But she decided to give it a try. Some neighbors came out to watch and thought she was crazy. However, Grandma didn’t give up and tried it every day. To her surprise, something amazing happened the next spring. Flowers began to grow on the apple tree, and by autumn, its branches (树枝) were heavy with fruit. My grandma was so excited that she invited all of us to enjoy the apples. Now, Grandma often says that, just like the tree, we too must sometimes face challenges to grow stronger. 9．Why does Grandma Mary spend so much time in her yard? A．She works there as a part-time job. B．She has no friends after work. C．She has a strong interest in gardening. D．She needs to grow food for her family. 10．What was the problem with the apple tree? A．It didn’t produce apples for a long time. B．Its leaves fell off during the summer. C．It became sick with insects in spring. D．It grew too tall and kept out the sunlight. 11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The apple tree. B．Grandma’s gardening. C．Watering the tree’s roots. D．Hitting the bottom of the tree. 12．Where can we find this text? A．In a cookbook about fruit. B．In a storybook about plants. C．In a travel guide about gardens. D．In a history book about farming. 4 Cities are growing, and green spaces are shrinking. But a new idea—“vertical forests”—is changing this. These are buildings covered with thousands of plants, turning concrete towers into living ecosystems. The first vertical forest opened in Milan, Italy, in 2014. It has two towers, with over 900 trees and 20,000 smaller plants like bushes and flowers. The plants aren’t just for beauty. They absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), the gas that warms the planet, and release oxygen. They also block sunlight, keeping the buildings cool in summer and reducing the need for air conditioning. But how do the plants survive (存活)? Special systems water them through pipes hidden in the walls. The trees are chosen for their size, so they won’t grow too tall and damage the building. Roots are contained in strong pots to prevent them from breaking windows or walls. Critics say vertical forests are expensive to build and maintain. However, supporters argue the benefits are worth it. In addition to fighting pollution, the forests attract birds and insects, bringing nature back to busy cities. “They show that humans and nature can live together in harmony,” says architect Stefano Boeri, who designed the Milan towers. 13．What is a “vertical forest”? A．A tower made entirely of concrete. B．A large park in the middle of a city. C．A building covered with many plants. D．A forest where trees grow extremely tall. 14．What is one benefit of vertical forests mentioned? A．They make buildings look older and more traditional. B．They reduce the need for air conditioning in summer. C．They allow plants to grow much taller than normal. D．They provide free food from fruit trees for people. 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Why the roots are safe. B．How tall the trees can grow. C．Where the plants are placed. D．How plants live in vertical forests. 16．What do supporters of vertical forests believe? A．They cost much but bring no good. B．Only large cities can benefit from them. C．They will replace all traditional buildings soon. D．Humans and nature can live together peacefully. 5 What would you paint if someone asked you to tell them about China? For 12-year-old Mao Mofei from Chengdu, the answer is the colorful connection between the traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. Several years ago, Mao’s painting, The Future Is Coming, was shown at the International Youth Art Invitation Exhibition (展览) in Florence, Italy. Lots of people like her picture. In it, you can see cute pandas, Sichuan Opera and old houses with Chinese styles. You can also see many fantastic science elements, like the rockets and little astronauts in the sky, flying cars, sky trains and smart robots. Mao put the traditional culture of her hometown and future technology together. “My picture shows my ideas of what my hometown Chengdu will be like in the future and I want to show the beauty and power of China to the world”. Mao started to learn painting from an early age. The paper and brushes not only develop her imagination skills but also help her to build friendships. When Mao was in the second grade, she got a chance to visit an Indonesian (印度尼西亚的) school. There, she used fun pictures to tell Indonesian students the meanings of different Chinese characters. The local students really enjoyed her paintings. She even developed a long-term friendship with one of her “fans”. “People around the world speak different languages, but art is the common language that we can all understand,” said Mao. “To increase understanding and share ideas—that’s what I love most about art.” 17．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By using a saying. C．By making a comparison. D．By sharing an idea. 18．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Mao’s painting. B．The Exhibition. C．Florence, Italy. D．Chengdu, China. 19．What benefits does painting bring Mao? A．She has a robot and lives a modern life. B．It helps her collect paper and brushes easily. C．It helps her develop imagination and make friends. D．She learns Sichuan opera and makes fantastic things. 20．What’s the best title for the text? A．Showing Tradition in Paintings B．Sharing China through Art C．Making Friends with Foreigners D．Learning Technology for the Future 6 INVENTION CONTEST (竞赛) 2026 Your Science Science Technology Engineering and Math skills are important to our future world. Use these to make your invention. Who: Students in grades 7-9 (Ages 12-15) What: Middle School Students’ Invention is an event for kids to show their skills to “invent” something that will solve a problem or show a new or easier way to do something. When: The contest will run from May 1, 2026 to August 31, 2026. How: You will have to hand in your name and grade along with a video of the invention. And you will also hand in a note to tell us what the name of the invention is, what problem it solves and how it works. Prizes: Winners will be invited to our award ceremony to show and promote (推广) their inventions. If you want to take part in it, please call Mr. Li at 685-6034. 21．Who can join the invention contest? A．7-year-old Jack. B．9-year-old Linda. C．13-year-old Katie. D．31-year-old Jason. 22．How long will the contest last? A．For about 3 months. B．For about 4 months. C．For about 6 months. D．For about 10 months. 23．What should you provide if you want to take part in the contest? ①A problem you meet         ②A video of your invention ③Your name and grade         ④A note of your invention A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 24．What is the text? A．A poster. B．A diary. C．A report. D．A story. 7 I have now been learning French for two years. Recently I’ve noticed that learning French is quite similar to my practice of the djembe (非洲手鼓). To be honest, I was good neither at playing musical instruments nor at learning foreign languages. But one of the great lessons of my childhood is that no one is naturally good at anything. There is a special joy in becoming good at something that I was incompetent at naturally. As a kid, I learned to play the djembe. I had a pretty good ear for rhythm (韵律), but no physical control. For the first year, my performance was terrible. But after two years of practice, I started to make progress. When I finally decided to give up on the instrument, my teacher said my performance was “okay”. But I didn’t just feel “okay”. I felt like a king because I knew where I came from. I knew the great distance (距离) between “terrible” and “okay”. While I believe in natural talent, I don’t think it’s worth talking about. If I want to have a skill, I just need to practice it again and again. So, to speak French, I know I need a different mouth. My words and breath always seem to live elsewhere, even in my resting sounds between pieces of speech. For example, when an American is trying to think of something, she often goes “Uhh, Uhh.” But the French will say “Euh, Euh.” It is not enough just to remember all the words. You have to train your mouth to say them. You need a lot of practice. My journey of learning French has continued. When I started to learn the language, my teacher told me it would take me five years to learn it well. Now, I’m thinking it could easily take me ten. 25．What does the writer find while studying French? A．It takes less time than playing the djembe. B．It is more difficult than learning the djembe. C．It has a lot in common with practicing the djembe. D．It can help improve the skills of playing the djembe. 26．What does the underlined phrase “was incompetent at” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．was bad at B．was interested in C．was bored with D．was proud of 27．Why did the writer feel like a king? A．He had natural talent for skills. B．He became perfect in speaking French. C．He didn’t need to practice much anymore. D．He understood how much he had improved. 28．What can be the best title of the text? A．Why We Need Talent B．The Special Joy in Learning C．How to Play the Djembe D．A Journey of Studying Abroad 8 The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a world-famous project with over 2,200 years of history, still shines with modern charm today. It was built in 256 BC by Li Bing and his son during the Warring States Period. Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods, but this project turned it into a “Land of Abundance”. And now it continues to support millions of people here with water. ________ It’s its harmony with nature. Without building a dam (坝), it makes good use of natural landscape. The project includes three main parts: Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou. Yuzui divides the Minjiang River into two parts. Feishayan can let out floods and sand and protects this project from silting (淤塞). Baopingkou controls the water flow to ensure irrigation. This ancient project now covers an irrigation area of 11.647 million mu. It is the largest irrigation (灌溉) area in China. In 2024, when a big flood hit the Minjiang River, the modern digital twin (数字孪生) system helped predict and guide water flow successfully. It showed the power of technology. Good news came in 2025: water from Dujiangyan will finally reach southern Sichuan for the first time. It will bring hope to the dry areas. To protect this cultural heritage, workers use modern technology to protect this project. They have built smart monitoring systems to keep an eye on the ancient structures and prevent damage. The idea of “working in harmony with nature” from Dujiangyan still gives valuable experience to the world today. Every year, the traditional “Water Release Festival” is held to celebrate this great project. With the ancient wisdom and modern innovation (创新), Dujiangyan proves that true progress doesn't have to harm the environment. It remains a typical example of how humans can live in balance with nature. 29．What was the Chengdu Plain like before the Dujiangyan was built? A．It was a dry area. B．It had no water source. C．It was a “Land of Abundance”. D．It often suffered from floods. 30．Which of the following sentences is suitable for the blank? A．What makes Dujiangyan so special? B．What does Dujiangyan mainly include? C．How does Dujiangyan prevent floods and sand? D．Who played an important role in the building of Dujiangyan? 31．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The Minjiang River B．The modern digital twin system C．The big flood in 2024 D．The Dujiangyan Irrigation System 32．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It shows how the three main parts of the Dujiangyan work. B．It introduces the history of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System. C．It tells the functions (功能) and modern importance of the Dujiangyan. D．It explains how to use science technology to protect the Dujiangyan. 9 When you travel, do you map out every site ahead of time and stick to the plan, making sure you don’t miss anything? Or do you only make simple preparations and then do whatever you feel like during the trip? The difference being considered is that between planning and spontaneity (随性). Some may argue strongly that a well-structured plan is the safer, more trustworthy way. Others hold that spontaneity, with its openness to surprise, is the truer way to experience life. The answer, I suppose, is that neither is always better. It depends on the situation, and more importantly, on what we hope to get out of it. When launching a spacecraft into space, careful planning is beyond question, for a mistake could lead to disaster. But when playing football with children in the backyard, a strict game plan would feel out of place, for spontaneity allows the joy of the moment to take over. The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose. Both planning and spontaneity come with their own risks. Over-planning may cause us to focus so much on covering every detail (细节) that we forget to enjoy the experience itself. This can happen when we take too many pictures of famous sites, only to realize later that we never truly enjoy them. On the other hand, a willingness to “wing it” can sometimes turn small mistakes into costly ones. For example, an unplanned hike without enough water may turn a pleasant afternoon into a difficult one. Thus, neither way is always better. What matters is knowing the risks of each and choosing the one that fits the situation. Yet planning and spontaneity need not be opposites. Even in highly structured settings, there is room for the unplanned. A symphony orchestra (交响乐团) performs from written music, yet a conductor may make small changes to the way the music is played based on the feel of the moment. Jazz musicians, famous for their improvisation (即兴创作), still begin with a basic structure. In both cases, planning provides the base, while spontaneity brings it to life. So, which is better? The question itself may be too simple. What matters is not choosing one over the other, but understanding when each is called for, and how they can work together. Recognizing this allows us to make wiser decisions, but only when we are willing to look closely at our own choices and take responsibility for what we see. 33．Why does the writer mention two different examples in Paragraph 3? A．To stress that careful planning is necessary. B．To prove that spontaneity works better in daily life. C．To explain that the situation decides whether to plan or be spontaneous. D．To show that planning is more difficult than being spontaneous. 34．What do the words “wing it” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Do things carelessly. B．Act without preparation. C．Go against rules. D．Take unnecessary risks. 35．Which of the following shows a balance between planning and spontaneity? A．Sticking to a strict timetable. B．Following a cookbook step by step. C．Making a to-do list but keeping the order flexible. D．Going out right after seeing the nice weather. 36．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Planning and Spontaneity: Hidden Risks B．Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place C．Planning over Spontaneity: The Key to Success D．Spontaneity before Planning: The Path to Happiness 10 I was very happy that I had done well in the final exams last term. But as mid-term exams were around the corner, I started to become anxious (焦虑的) about whether I could make progress or not. I’m a bit unusual in my class. My mother is also my history teacher. I always feel that if I fall behind others, my classmates will think badly of me. I started to force myself to stay up later and study harder than others, but soon I became tired. Luckily, my head teacher noticed I was behaving unusually. She decided to try to help me. One morning, I was reading outside the classroom. My teacher came along and said with a smile, “Peter, improving your scores by staying up late isn’t a long-term solution. You have to think of other ways to improve your efficiency (效率) in a short time.” I looked at her and nodded. “You are not a machine. You need rest,” she continued. “When you are studying, focus on nothing but studying. But when it comes to rest, think of nothing but having a good rest! Don’t pay so much attention to your rank (排名) in the class, and you will find that studying is simple and fun.” I listened carefully and began to understand what she was saying. Study and rest are not like water and fire. Instead, study is like a chemical reaction (反应), and having a rest is like a catalyst (催化剂) that improves the reaction. 37．The writer became worried because of ______. A．his teacher’s words B．the mid-term exams C．his unusual behavior D．the chemical experiment 38．Who gave the writer so much pressure? A．His mother. B．His head teacher. C．His classmates. D．The writer himself. 39．What advice did the head teacher give the writer? A．Study hard and rest well. B．Learn with a clear goal. C．Reduce stress by talking with others. D．Try other learning methods. 40．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Students should get on well with their teachers. B．The rank in the class isn’t important for students. C．Proper balance between work and rest is necessary. D．A teacher’s praise is important to his students’ growth. 11 On a freezing December day in Tongxin County, Ningxia, a 4-year-old boy fell through the ice into the icy lake. People were very worried, but no one dared to walk on the broken ice. At that dangerous moment, 13-year-old Li Jiating, a seventh-grade student, stepped forward bravely. “I’m light — I’ll go!” she said. She took a long pipe (管子) from a man nearby and moved slowly to the ice hole. As she reached out to give the pipe to the boy, the ice broke again. Both she and the boy fell into the freezing water. Li Jiating held tightly (紧紧地) onto the pipe until the adults pulled her out, and firefighters soon arrived to save the boy. Wet and cold, Li Jiating quietly rode her bike home. Her father asked about her wet clothes, and she smiled and “lied”: “A water truck got me wet!” Her father learned the truth from her sister that night. “I’m scared and sad, but also proud of her kindness,” he said. The boy’s parents were very thankful. They found the “unknown hero” and visited Li Jiating with gifts and money. Though Li Jiating refused the money, they left fruits and a sheep as thanks. Many honors came to Li Jiating. Her school named her “A Good Youth with Courage and Kindness”. The local government gave her a prize, and the hospital offered her free physical exams for life. Alibaba also gave her 5,000 yuan as a prize. Li Jiating’s story is like a beam (束) of light. We praise her kindness, but we also need to teach teenagers to stay safe while helping others. Let bravery go with wisdom (智慧) — this is the best way to protect their kindness and pass warmth. 41．Why did Li Jiating decide to move on the ice to save the boy? A．She was the strongest person in the crowd. B．She wanted to get money from the boy’s parents. C．She thought her light weight would not break the ice easily. D．She had received professional training about how to save people before. 42．What’s the right order of the following events? ① Li Jiating fell into the water while trying to save the boy. ② The boy’s parents visited Li Jiating with gifts. ③ A 4-year-old boy fell through the ice into the lake. ④ Li Jiating was pulled out of the water by adults. ⑤ Li Jiating’s father learned the truth from his sister. A．①④③⑤② B．③④①⑤② C．①③④②⑤ D．③①④⑤② 43．What can we infer (推断) from the father’s words “I’m scared and sad, but also proud of her kindness.”? A．The father thought his daughter was too careless. B．The father had mixed feelings about his daughter’s act. C．The father only cared about his daughter’s safety. D．The father wanted his daughter to get more honors. 44．Why does the writer say Li Jiating’s story is like “a beam of light”? A．Her story brings warmth to people. B．She saved the boy in the morning. C．Her clothes were as bright as light. D．She used a light to find the boy. 12 When the leaves begin to change their colors and the birds head south, we know the season is starting to change. Autumn gives creative ideas to writers and poets. People explore the beauty of autumn from different aspects. For writers and poets, autumn is a difficult season to describe. It’s the end of summer and therefore a little sad. The days seem to get shorter. When you awake in the morning, there is mist and the air is cooler. American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book A Moveable Feast, “You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches (枝条) were bare (光秃秃的) against the wind and the cold light.” But on the other hand, autumn has its good side, such as the colorful leaves and cooler nights. French writer Albert Camus even thought autumn was a second spring, when every leaf was a flower. Another idea of this season is wisdom (感悟). The arrival of autumn is thought to be similar to a person becoming grown-up. The great Irish poet W.B．Yeats, in his poem The Wild Swans (天鹅) at Coole, wrote about the changing seasons in Coole Park in the west of Ireland. Seeing and counting 59 swans, he remembered first making the count as a young man. Seeing the swans do the same thing for all those years, he’s reminded that even though we get older, our inner (内心的) world always stays the same. 45．What does the underlined word “aspects” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Tasks. B．Choices. C．Sides. D．Materials. 46．In Paragraph 3, A Moveable Feast is mentioned to ______. A．express that winter will come B．present the sadness of autumn C．point out that autumn is energetic D．show Hemingway’s painful life 47．What can we understand from the last paragraph about W.B．Yeats’ poem? A．Growing old is a sad thing for everyone. B．Autumn is the best season to enjoy beautiful swans. C．The number of swans in Coole Park has never changed. D．Perhaps people’s hearts don’t change while growing older. 48．What is the text mainly about? A．Autumn with wind and cold light. B．Autumn in the eyes of writers and poets. C．The differences between poets and writers. D．The differences between autumn and spring. 13 When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书) instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的) as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 49．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 50．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Listening to an audiobook. B．Reading a paper book. C．Putting all our attention on words. D．Finding time to sit down and read. 51．What did the researchers do in the study? A．Scanned people’s eyes. B．Scanned people’s bodies. C．Scanned people’s arms. D．Scanned people’s brains. 52．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the use of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. 14 Have you ever watched a seed sprout? Inside that seed lies an embryo (胚胎), a tiny but powerful structure that grows into a new life. How does it grow? First, the seed needs water. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. Next, the seed begins to wake up. Inside, a tiny baby plant, called the embryo, starts to grow. It pushes against the seed coat, trying to get out. This is called “sprouting”. Then, a tiny root, called the radicle (胚根), pops out first. This root will help the plant find water and hold it in the ground. Soon after, a tiny stem (茎) and leaves, called the shoot, start to come out. The shoot will help the plant make food from sunlight. Studies show that the way this embryo grows can inspire other fields. In agriculture, understanding how seed embryos develop helps farmers grow better crops. By studying how embryos use nutrients (营养物) and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand(经受住) droughts and pests. These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone. Materials scientists seek inspiration from seed embryos, too. The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair or change shapes in response to (作为对……的回应) the environment. Imagine clothes that mend themselves or buildings that can adjust to extreme weather! Seed embryo growth is not just about plants, but also a source of inspiration across many fields. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. So next time you see a sprouting seed, remember—it’s a tiny wonder with endless possibilities! 53．What is the first thing a seed needs before it starts growing? A．It needs sunlight. B．It needs water. C．It needs soil. D．It needs nutrients. 54．According to the text, which process does the materials scientists base their research on to invent materials that can self-repair? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 55．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．Understanding seed embryos doesn’t help engineers create new materials. B．The way seed embryos grow is not important in other fields. C．Scientists have created seeds that can grow in any environment. D．The improved seeds can lead to better harvest and food safety. 56．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of planting seeds for food security. B．How seed embryos grow and inspire different fields. C．The scientific process of creating seeds to suit the drought. D．Engineering achievements inspired by plant growth. 参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B D C B A B C B C A 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 D B C B D D A A C B 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 答案 C B B A C A D B D A 题号 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 答案 B C C B C B B D A C 题号 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 答案 C D B A C B D B B A 题号 51 52 53 54 55 56 答案 D D B C D B 1 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文围绕自然与文化的关系展开，反驳了二者对立的传统观点，并提出了二者紧密关联、相辅相成的理念。 1．文章首先提出自然和文化是相互对立的观点，接着说出形成这一观点的原因“cultural development is achieved against nature”，以此来对上面的问题进行解释说明。 2．第二段的核心句“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures…”，选项D中“Education pushes the human species to progress.”则精准概括了段落主旨“教育借助文化以改造人性、推动人类进步”，这是对段落内容的高度凝练。 3．第三段开头指出“the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation.”文化的形成是生物适应的一部分，接着后文通过举例，进一步对其进行论证，与选项C中的内容完全符合。 4．后文直接用“However, culture is also passed on among … ”的内容，以及一些具体实例，解释了文化可以再不同人群中进行传播，其中“transmission”和“passed on”相互对应，所以其也应具有“文化传递、传播”的含义。 2 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 【解析】本文介绍了济南一条能将车辆压力和太阳能转化为电能的新型公路，阐述了其工作原理、用途、优势及当前面临的高成本问题。 5．原文指出：“When cars drive over the road, the panels change the pressure into power. On sunny days, the same panels also collect solar energy.”，明确说明该公路能将车辆压力与太阳能转化为电力。 6．原文提到：“The electricity is used to run street lights and traffic signals.”，直接说明当前电力用于运行路灯和交通信号灯。 7．原文指出：“However, the cost is still high, so the team is looking for cheaper materials.”，明确说明工程师面临的建设成本高的问题。 8．全文围绕济南这条能发电的公路展开，介绍其原理、用途及未来前景，因此“A Highway That Creates Power”最能概括文章主题。 3 9．C 10．A 11．D 12．B 【解析】本文讲述了热爱园艺的玛丽奶奶，通过不懈努力让多年不结果的苹果树重新结出果实的故事，传递了“直面挑战才能成长”的人生感悟。 9．第1段提到“My grandmother, Mary, is so into gardening. She spends most of her time in her yard.”，“be into”意为“对……极感兴趣”，说明奶奶花大量时间在院子里是因为她对园艺有浓厚的兴趣。 10．第2段提到“For years, a big apple tree never had any fruit.”，说明苹果树的问题是很长时间都不结果。 11．第3段提到“Maybe you should hit the bottom of the tree to stimulate its roots... But she decided to give it a try.”，结合上下文，“it”指代的是前文提到的“敲击树的底部”这个方法。 12．本文是围绕植物、园艺展开的故事，最可能出现在关于植物的故事书中，而非水果食谱、花园旅行指南、农业历史书。 4 13．C 14．B 15．D 16．D 【解析】本文介绍了“垂直森林”这一新型建筑理念，以米兰的垂直森林为例，说明了其环保功能、植物存活方式以及支持者和批评者的不同观点。 13．第一段指出垂直森林的定义：“These are buildings covered with thousands of plants”，说明是被大量植物覆盖的建筑。 14．第二段指出垂直森林的作用：“They also block sunlight, keeping the buildings cool in summer and reducing the need for air conditioning.”，说明它们能减少夏季对空调的需求。 15．第三段围绕植物如何在垂直森林中存活展开，介绍了浇水系统、树木选择和根系处理，因此主要讲“植物如何在垂直森林中生存”。 16．最后一段指出支持者的观点：“They show that humans and nature can live together in harmony”，说明他们认为人与自然可以和平共处。 5 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自成都的12岁女孩毛莫菲，通过绘画融合中国传统文化与现代科技，向世界分享中国文化、传递中国理念的故事。 17．第1段第1句“What would you paint if someone asked you to tell them about China?”以设问句开篇，引出下文关于毛莫菲的绘画故事。 18．第2段第2-3句提到“Lots of people like her picture. In it, you can see cute pandas, Sichuan Opera and old houses with Chinese styles.”，前句提到了毛莫菲的画作“her picture”，因此代词“it”指代的是“Mao’s painting”。 19．第3段第2句提到“The paper and brushes not only develop her imagination skills but also help her to build friendship.”，说明绘画帮助毛莫菲发展想象力能力、建立友谊关系，与选项C“It helps her develop imagination and make friends.”的描述一致。 20．文章围绕毛莫菲用绘画向世界展示中国文化、分享中国理念的故事展开，核心是“通过艺术分享中国”。 6 21．C 22．B 23．B 24．A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文(海报)，主要介绍了2026年Your Science发明竞赛的参与对象、举办时间、参赛要求、奖励设置及联系方式等相关信息。 21．第2段第1句提到“Who: Students in grades 7-9 (Ages 12-15)”，说明参赛对象为12-15岁的7-9年级学生。C项13岁的Katie符合条件。 22．第4段第1句提到“When: The contest will run from May 1, 2026 to August 31, 2026.”，竞赛时间从2026年5月1日到8月31日，持续约4个月。 23．第5段第1-2句提到“You will have to hand in your name and grade along with a video of the invention. And you will also hand in a note to tell us what the name of the invention is, what problem it solves and how it works.”，说明参赛需要提交姓名和年级、发明视频及发明说明，对应②③④。 24．本文介绍了发明竞赛的相关信息，包含竞赛主题、参与对象、时间、要求、奖励及联系方式，具有宣传通知的性质，符合海报的文体特征。 7 25．C 26．A 27．D 28．B 【解析】本文作者结合自己学习非洲手鼓和法语的经历，讲述天赋并非最重要，反复练习才能掌握技能，并体会到攻克弱项、不断进步带来的独特乐趣。 25．第一段指出：“Recently I’ve noticed that learning French is quite similar to my practice of the djembe.”，similar to与have a lot in common同义，说明学法语和练习非洲手鼓有很多共同点。 26．第二段指出：“I was good neither at playing musical instruments nor at learning foreign languages... becoming good at something that I was incompetent at naturally.”，前文说明作者原本两样都不擅长，结合语境可知该短语意为“不擅长、做得不好”，与was bad at同义。 27．第四段指出：“I felt like a king because I knew where I came from. I knew the great distance between ‘terrible’ and ‘okay’.”，表明作者清楚自己从糟糕到合格的巨大进步，因此产生强烈成就感。 28．全文以学手鼓、学法语的经历，讲述从不擅长到慢慢进步的过程，第二段核心句“There is a special joy in becoming good at something...”点明文章主旨，其余选项与文章内容不符。 8 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．C 【解析】本文介绍了千年都江堰水利工程的建造背景、设计理念与功能，讲述了它在现代结合科技持续发挥作用，阐释了“人与自然和谐共生”这一古老智慧的当代价值。 29．根据第一段“Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods,”可知，没有建设都江堰之前，成都平原经常遭受洪灾。故选D。 30．空格后的回答“It’s its harmony with nature.”可知，都江堰与自然和谐共存，接着介绍了都江堰顺应自然的设计理念和结构功能，是对都江堰“特别之处”的回答。故选A。 31．划线词it所在句的前文说“the modern digital twin system helped predict and guide water flow successfully”可知，现代数字孪生系统成功帮助预测、疏导水流；承接前文可知it指代的就是前文的“现代数字孪生系统”。因此选B。 32．文章不仅介绍了都江堰的历史、原有功能，还介绍了它在现代社会的新作用、新发展，以及它“人与自然和谐共存”理念在当代的价值。只有C概括了“功能+现代重要性”的核心内容，因此选C。 9 33．C 34．B 35．C 36．B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了生活中“规划”和“随性”的关系，指出两者没有绝对的好坏，需要根据具体情况灵活选择，二者可以互补。 33．第3段举了两个例子：发射航天器需要周密计划，后院踢球则适合随性发挥。原文提到“The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose.”，说明情境和目的决定了用哪种方式。 34．第4段的“wing it”和后文的“unplanned hike”对应，意思是“毫无准备地行动”，所以选B。 35．题目要求找“规划和随性平衡”的选项：A、B只体现了规划；D只体现了随性；C“列待办清单但不固定顺序”，既有规划，又保留了灵活调整的空间，符合“平衡”的要求。 36．全文核心观点是“规划和随性各有适用场景，都有价值”，所以B选项“Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place”最贴合主旨。 10 37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者因期中考试焦虑而过度学习，后在班主任的建议下认识到，学习与休息并非对立，合理休息能提高学习效率。 37．第一段“as mid-term exams were around the corner, I started to become anxious”明确指出，焦虑的原因是“期中考试临近”。 38．第二段“I always feel that if I fall behind others, my classmates will think badly of me. I started to force myself to stay up later...”指出，压力源于作者“自己强迫自己”，而非他人。 39．第五段“You are not a machine. You need rest”与第六段“Study and rest are not like water and fire... having a rest is like a catalyst that improves the reaction”指出，班主任建议“需要休息”，且强调学习与休息需结合。 40．文章通过作者经历，核心传达“学习与休息需平衡”的观点。 11 41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了宁夏女孩李佳婷在冰窟中勇救落水男孩的故事，展现了她的善良与勇敢。 41．第二段提到李佳婷说“I’m light — I’ll go!”，这表明她认为自己体重轻，不容易踩破冰面，因此决定上前救人。 42．第一段“a 4-year-old boy fell through the ice into the icy lake”对应③排第一；第二段“Both she and the boy fell into the freezing water.”对应①排第二；第三段“Li Jiating held tightly (紧紧地) onto the pipe until the adults pulled her out”对应④排第三；第四段“Her father learned the truth from her sister that night.”对应⑤排第四；第五段“They found the ‘unknown hero’ and visited Li Jiating with gifts and money.”对应②排第五。故正确顺序为③①④⑤②。 43．父亲说“I’m scared and sad, but also proud of her kindness.”，这句话体现了他复杂的心情：既为女儿的安危感到害怕和难过，又为她的善良感到骄傲，说明他对女儿的行为有着复杂的情感。 44．最后一段提到“We praise her kindness, but we also need to teach teenagers to stay safe while helping others.”，将她的故事比作“一束光”，是因为她的善良和勇敢像光一样温暖人心、传递正能量。 12 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．B 【解析】本文围绕秋天展开，阐述了作家和诗人眼中秋天的不同面貌，包括其带来的悲伤感、美好的一面以及蕴含的人生感悟。 45．根据第一段“People explore the beauty of autumn from different aspects.”可知，人们从不同“方面”探索秋天之美。结合选项，“Sides”（方面）与“aspects”意思相近。 46．第三段引用海明威《流动的盛宴》中的内容“You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees...”，从sad可知是为了呈现秋天的悲伤。 47．最后一段提到“Seeing the swans do the same thing for all those years, he's reminded that even though we get older, our inner (内心的) world always stays the same.”，由此可知，叶芝的诗想表达人变老时内心可能不会改变。 48．文章开篇点出“Autumn gives creative ideas to writers and poets.”，后续围绕作家和诗人眼中的秋天展开论述，所以本文主要讲作家和诗人眼中的秋天。 13 49．B 50．A 51．D 52．D 【解析】本文通过对比有声书与纸质书，探讨了两种阅读方式的有效性及相关研究结果。 49．第一段提出“Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective as reading a book?”两个问题，目的是引发读者兴趣，引出下文对有声书和纸质书阅读有效性的讨论。 50．第二段“However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too.”，此处的“it”指代前文提到的“listen to audiobooks”，即“听有声书”。 51．第四段“In the study, researchers scanned people’s brains when they listened to and read books.”，直接表明研究人员扫描了人们的大脑。 52．文章围绕“听有声书和读纸质书哪种方式更有效”展开，介绍了相关研究结果，探讨了两种阅读方式的有效性。 14 53．B 54．C 55．D 56．B 【解析】本文介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。 53．根据原文第2段“First, the seed needs water.”可知，种子开始生长前首先需要水。 54．根据原文第4段“The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair...”可知，材料科学家基于种子胚胎破土生长的过程进行研究，对应图示中胚胎突破种皮、长出茎和叶的阶段，即阶段④。 55．根据原文第3段“These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone.”可知，改良的种子能带来更好的收成和粮食安全。 56．根据全文内容，文章介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。故B选项符合题意。 ( 1 / 2 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年中考英语系统化复习讲练（浙江专用） 专题23 策略知识结构化与题型强化（阅读理解之推理判断题） 目录清单 第一部分 核心知识清单知识结构化 高效复习 第二部分 要点强化训练练习深度化 扫清盲区 ◇Part 01 核心知识结构化清单 题型特点 序号 特点类别 具体说明 1 考查目标 要求考生根据文本中的隐含信息，推断作者意图、人物态度、事件发展趋势等未直接陈述的内容。 2 题干关键词 常见提问方式包括：“It can be inferred that...”, “We can learn from the passage that...”, “What does the author imply about...?”等。 3 信息呈现方式 所需信息不直接出现在文中，需通过上下文逻辑、人物行为、语言语气等进行合理推导。 4 占比与重要性 在中考阅读理解中占比约15%-25%，属于高阶思维能力考查题型，区分度较高。 5 干扰项特征 常见干扰项为“过度推理”（加入主观想象）、“以偏概全”（仅依据局部信息）和“无中生有”（文中无依据）。 命题思路 序号 命题角度 命题方式与典型模式 1 推断作者态度 通过情感词（如criticize, support, doubt）、修辞手法或对比结构体现立场，要求判断是积极、消极还是中立。 2 推断人物心理 利用人物动作、语言、神态描写间接反映其情绪或动机，如“smiled”暗示满意，“sighed”暗示无奈。 3 推断事件结果 给出前因或发展趋势，要求预测后续可能发生的情况，如环保措施推行后的影响。 4 推断写作目的 要求理解作者为何写此文，常见目的包括告知信息、说服读者、表达观点或引发思考。 5 推断隐含关系 涉及因果、转折、对比等逻辑关系，需结合连接词（but, however, therefore）进行深层理解。 答题策略 序号 策略名称 实施方法与技巧说明 1 关注语气与情感线索 留意描述性词语（如joyfully, bitterly）、感叹句、反问句等，帮助判断情感倾向。 2 分析行为背后的动机 人物做了什么？为什么这么做？例如，“he rushed to the hospital”可推断他非常关心某人。 3 利用上下文逻辑推导 结合前后句的因果、转折关系进行推理，避免孤立看待某一句话。 4 避免主观臆断 所有推断必须基于文本证据，不能脱离原文添加个人经验或常识假设。 5 排除绝对化或夸大选项 如“always”, “never”, “the most important”等极端表述往往是错误选项。 6 运用“反向验证法” 将每个选项代入原文，看是否与整体语境一致，能否找到支撑依据。 7 结合背景知识适度联想 在不偏离文本的前提下，可借助生活常识辅助理解，如“dark clouds and thunder”暗示即将下雨。 【实例分析】 Last weekend, Tom visited his grandfather in the countryside. When he arrived, he noticed that the old man was planting tomato seeds in the garden, even though it was already late spring. “Isn’t it too late for planting?” Tom asked. His grandfather smiled and said, “It’s never too late to start something if you believe in it.” Tom watched quietly as his grandfather carefully watered the soil. That night, Tom wrote in his diary: “Today I learned that age and timing shouldn’t stop us from trying.” Q1: What can we infer about Tom’s grandfather? A. He is worried about the harvest. B. He believes in starting late but trying anyway. C. He wants Tom to take over the farm. D. He doesn’t know the right time to plant tomatoes. 正确答案：B 解析： --关键句：“It’s never too late to start something if you believe in it.” --- 此句话表达了积极的人生态度，说明爷爷强调“信念”比“时机”更重要。 ---A项“worried”无依据；C项“take over the farm”属无中生有；D项与爷爷自信的态度矛盾。 ---推理依据：语言内容 + 语气（smiled） → 态度积极 → 支持“尝试即有意义”。 Q2: How did Tom probably feel after the visit? A. Bored because nothing exciting happened. B. Inspired by his grandfather’s words. C. Doubtful about whether the plants would grow. D. Angry at being taken to the countryside. 正确答案：B 解析： --- 关键句：“Today I learned that age and timing shouldn’t stop us from trying.” --- “learned”表明有思想上的收获；“shouldn’t stop us”体现正向感悟。 --- A、C、D均与日记内容相悖，属于主观臆测或情绪扭曲。 --- 推理路径：人物行为（写日记记录感悟）→ 情感态度 → 被启发。 Q3: What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To teach how to grow tomatoes. B. To show the importance of farming. C. To share a life lesson through a personal story. D. To compare city and country life. 正确答案：C 解析： --- 全文重点不在农业知识，而在最后一句的“learned”所揭示的道理。 --- 故事结构为“经历—对话—感悟”，符合“以小见大”的写作手法。 --- A、B、D均为表面信息或无关延伸，偏离主旨。 --- 推理依据：结尾升华主题 → 写作目的为传递人生哲理。 ◇Part 02 题型深度化拓展训练 1 Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种). Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle (斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our wildest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt (适应), progress and raise itself above and beyond other species. Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting. It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons (武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied. The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what's in our blood. Just as snails carry their shell, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same times or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speaks that language. 1．Why are nature and culture often seen as opposite ideas? A．Because human activities make nature instead of culture. B．Because it seems cultural development is achieved against nature. C．Because people think the development of humans is friendly to nature. D．Because human species always take a natural effort to develop. 2．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Culture belongs to human nature. B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt. C．Humans are supposed to be well organized. D．Education pushes the human species to progress. 3．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3? A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits. B．To stress the importance of tools in humans' struggle for life. C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment. D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons. 4．What does the word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．System. B．Spread. C．Start. D．Spirit. 2 Have you ever seen a road that can make electricity? In Jinan, China, engineers have built a one-kilometre stretch of highway with special panels under the surface. When cars drive over the road, the panels change the pressure into power. On sunny days, the same panels also collect solar energy. The electricity is used to run street lights and traffic signals. Surplus power is sent to the city grid. Scientists say that if only 10 percent of China’s roads were built this way, they could provide enough energy for the whole country during the daytime. The new road is strong enough to hold heavy trucks, and its surface is designed to prevent skidding in rain. However, the cost is still high, so the team is looking for cheaper materials. They believe that in ten years such roads will become common, turning every journey into a source of green energy. 5．What is special about the new road in Jinan? A．It changes pressure and sunlight into electricity. B．It can become wider when traffic increases. C．It is painted with bright colours for drivers. D．It warns cars when they drive too fast. 6．How is the electricity used at present? A．To charge electric cars only. B．To run lights and signals. C．To heat the road in winter. D．To power nearby factories. 7．What problem do the engineers still face? A．The road is easily damaged. B．The noise troubles people. C．The building cost is high. D．The power is wasted at night. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The History of Roads B．A Highway That Creates Power C．How to Drive Safely D．The Future of Electric Cars 3 My grandmother, Mary, is so into gardening. She spends most of her time in her yard. In spring, she plants seeds (种子) and enjoys the beautiful flowers. When autumn comes, she gets busy getting fruits and collecting fallen leaves. Through her care, the yard becomes a living work of art that changes with every season. However, gardening isn’t always easy, and my grandma meets with difficulties too. For years, a big apple tree never had any fruit. My grandma tried almost everything: she read gardening books, searched online, and even talked and sang to the tree. But nothing worked. Finally, Grandma asked her friend Jamie, an expert, for help. “Maybe you should hit the bottom of the tree to stimulate its roots (刺激它的根),” Jamie said. Grandma thought it was strange. But she decided to give it a try. Some neighbors came out to watch and thought she was crazy. However, Grandma didn’t give up and tried it every day. To her surprise, something amazing happened the next spring. Flowers began to grow on the apple tree, and by autumn, its branches (树枝) were heavy with fruit. My grandma was so excited that she invited all of us to enjoy the apples. Now, Grandma often says that, just like the tree, we too must sometimes face challenges to grow stronger. 9．Why does Grandma Mary spend so much time in her yard? A．She works there as a part-time job. B．She has no friends after work. C．She has a strong interest in gardening. D．She needs to grow food for her family. 10．What was the problem with the apple tree? A．It didn’t produce apples for a long time. B．Its leaves fell off during the summer. C．It became sick with insects in spring. D．It grew too tall and kept out the sunlight. 11．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The apple tree. B．Grandma’s gardening. C．Watering the tree’s roots. D．Hitting the bottom of the tree. 12．Where can we find this text? A．In a cookbook about fruit. B．In a storybook about plants. C．In a travel guide about gardens. D．In a history book about farming. 4 Cities are growing, and green spaces are shrinking. But a new idea—“vertical forests”—is changing this. These are buildings covered with thousands of plants, turning concrete towers into living ecosystems. The first vertical forest opened in Milan, Italy, in 2014. It has two towers, with over 900 trees and 20,000 smaller plants like bushes and flowers. The plants aren’t just for beauty. They absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), the gas that warms the planet, and release oxygen. They also block sunlight, keeping the buildings cool in summer and reducing the need for air conditioning. But how do the plants survive (存活)? Special systems water them through pipes hidden in the walls. The trees are chosen for their size, so they won’t grow too tall and damage the building. Roots are contained in strong pots to prevent them from breaking windows or walls. Critics say vertical forests are expensive to build and maintain. However, supporters argue the benefits are worth it. In addition to fighting pollution, the forests attract birds and insects, bringing nature back to busy cities. “They show that humans and nature can live together in harmony,” says architect Stefano Boeri, who designed the Milan towers. 13．What is a “vertical forest”? A．A tower made entirely of concrete. B．A large park in the middle of a city. C．A building covered with many plants. D．A forest where trees grow extremely tall. 14．What is one benefit of vertical forests mentioned? A．They make buildings look older and more traditional. B．They reduce the need for air conditioning in summer. C．They allow plants to grow much taller than normal. D．They provide free food from fruit trees for people. 15．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? A．Why the roots are safe. B．How tall the trees can grow. C．Where the plants are placed. D．How plants live in vertical forests. 16．What do supporters of vertical forests believe? A．They cost much but bring no good. B．Only large cities can benefit from them. C．They will replace all traditional buildings soon. D．Humans and nature can live together peacefully. 5 What would you paint if someone asked you to tell them about China? For 12-year-old Mao Mofei from Chengdu, the answer is the colorful connection between the traditional Chinese culture and modern technology. Several years ago, Mao’s painting, The Future Is Coming, was shown at the International Youth Art Invitation Exhibition (展览) in Florence, Italy. Lots of people like her picture. In it, you can see cute pandas, Sichuan Opera and old houses with Chinese styles. You can also see many fantastic science elements, like the rockets and little astronauts in the sky, flying cars, sky trains and smart robots. Mao put the traditional culture of her hometown and future technology together. “My picture shows my ideas of what my hometown Chengdu will be like in the future and I want to show the beauty and power of China to the world”. Mao started to learn painting from an early age. The paper and brushes not only develop her imagination skills but also help her to build friendships. When Mao was in the second grade, she got a chance to visit an Indonesian (印度尼西亚的) school. There, she used fun pictures to tell Indonesian students the meanings of different Chinese characters. The local students really enjoyed her paintings. She even developed a long-term friendship with one of her “fans”. “People around the world speak different languages, but art is the common language that we can all understand,” said Mao. “To increase understanding and share ideas—that’s what I love most about art.” 17．How does the writer start the text? A．By asking a question. B．By using a saying. C．By making a comparison. D．By sharing an idea. 18．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Mao’s painting. B．The Exhibition. C．Florence, Italy. D．Chengdu, China. 19．What benefits does painting bring Mao? A．She has a robot and lives a modern life. B．It helps her collect paper and brushes easily. C．It helps her develop imagination and make friends. D．She learns Sichuan opera and makes fantastic things. 20．What’s the best title for the text? A．Showing Tradition in Paintings B．Sharing China through Art C．Making Friends with Foreigners D．Learning Technology for the Future 6 INVENTION CONTEST (竞赛) 2026 Your Science Science Technology Engineering and Math skills are important to our future world. Use these to make your invention. Who: Students in grades 7-9 (Ages 12-15) What: Middle School Students’ Invention is an event for kids to show their skills to “invent” something that will solve a problem or show a new or easier way to do something. When: The contest will run from May 1, 2026 to August 31, 2026. How: You will have to hand in your name and grade along with a video of the invention. And you will also hand in a note to tell us what the name of the invention is, what problem it solves and how it works. Prizes: Winners will be invited to our award ceremony to show and promote (推广) their inventions. If you want to take part in it, please call Mr. Li at 685-6034. 21．Who can join the invention contest? A．7-year-old Jack. B．9-year-old Linda. C．13-year-old Katie. D．31-year-old Jason. 22．How long will the contest last? A．For about 3 months. B．For about 4 months. C．For about 6 months. D．For about 10 months. 23．What should you provide if you want to take part in the contest? ①A problem you meet         ②A video of your invention ③Your name and grade         ④A note of your invention A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④ 24．What is the text? A．A poster. B．A diary. C．A report. D．A story. 7 I have now been learning French for two years. Recently I’ve noticed that learning French is quite similar to my practice of the djembe (非洲手鼓). To be honest, I was good neither at playing musical instruments nor at learning foreign languages. But one of the great lessons of my childhood is that no one is naturally good at anything. There is a special joy in becoming good at something that I was incompetent at naturally. As a kid, I learned to play the djembe. I had a pretty good ear for rhythm (韵律), but no physical control. For the first year, my performance was terrible. But after two years of practice, I started to make progress. When I finally decided to give up on the instrument, my teacher said my performance was “okay”. But I didn’t just feel “okay”. I felt like a king because I knew where I came from. I knew the great distance (距离) between “terrible” and “okay”. While I believe in natural talent, I don’t think it’s worth talking about. If I want to have a skill, I just need to practice it again and again. So, to speak French, I know I need a different mouth. My words and breath always seem to live elsewhere, even in my resting sounds between pieces of speech. For example, when an American is trying to think of something, she often goes “Uhh, Uhh.” But the French will say “Euh, Euh.” It is not enough just to remember all the words. You have to train your mouth to say them. You need a lot of practice. My journey of learning French has continued. When I started to learn the language, my teacher told me it would take me five years to learn it well. Now, I’m thinking it could easily take me ten. 25．What does the writer find while studying French? A．It takes less time than playing the djembe. B．It is more difficult than learning the djembe. C．It has a lot in common with practicing the djembe. D．It can help improve the skills of playing the djembe. 26．What does the underlined phrase “was incompetent at” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．was bad at B．was interested in C．was bored with D．was proud of 27．Why did the writer feel like a king? A．He had natural talent for skills. B．He became perfect in speaking French. C．He didn’t need to practice much anymore. D．He understood how much he had improved. 28．What can be the best title of the text? A．Why We Need Talent B．The Special Joy in Learning C．How to Play the Djembe D．A Journey of Studying Abroad 8 The Dujiangyan Irrigation System, a world-famous project with over 2,200 years of history, still shines with modern charm today. It was built in 256 BC by Li Bing and his son during the Warring States Period. Before, the Chengdu Plain often had floods, but this project turned it into a “Land of Abundance”. And now it continues to support millions of people here with water. ________ It’s its harmony with nature. Without building a dam (坝), it makes good use of natural landscape. The project includes three main parts: Yuzui, Feishayan and Baopingkou. Yuzui divides the Minjiang River into two parts. Feishayan can let out floods and sand and protects this project from silting (淤塞). Baopingkou controls the water flow to ensure irrigation. This ancient project now covers an irrigation area of 11.647 million mu. It is the largest irrigation (灌溉) area in China. In 2024, when a big flood hit the Minjiang River, the modern digital twin (数字孪生) system helped predict and guide water flow successfully. It showed the power of technology. Good news came in 2025: water from Dujiangyan will finally reach southern Sichuan for the first time. It will bring hope to the dry areas. To protect this cultural heritage, workers use modern technology to protect this project. They have built smart monitoring systems to keep an eye on the ancient structures and prevent damage. The idea of “working in harmony with nature” from Dujiangyan still gives valuable experience to the world today. Every year, the traditional “Water Release Festival” is held to celebrate this great project. With the ancient wisdom and modern innovation (创新), Dujiangyan proves that true progress doesn't have to harm the environment. It remains a typical example of how humans can live in balance with nature. 29．What was the Chengdu Plain like before the Dujiangyan was built? A．It was a dry area. B．It had no water source. C．It was a “Land of Abundance”. D．It often suffered from floods. 30．Which of the following sentences is suitable for the blank? A．What makes Dujiangyan so special? B．What does Dujiangyan mainly include? C．How does Dujiangyan prevent floods and sand? D．Who played an important role in the building of Dujiangyan? 31．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．The Minjiang River B．The modern digital twin system C．The big flood in 2024 D．The Dujiangyan Irrigation System 32．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．It shows how the three main parts of the Dujiangyan work. B．It introduces the history of the Dujiangyan Irrigation System. C．It tells the functions (功能) and modern importance of the Dujiangyan. D．It explains how to use science technology to protect the Dujiangyan. 9 When you travel, do you map out every site ahead of time and stick to the plan, making sure you don’t miss anything? Or do you only make simple preparations and then do whatever you feel like during the trip? The difference being considered is that between planning and spontaneity (随性). Some may argue strongly that a well-structured plan is the safer, more trustworthy way. Others hold that spontaneity, with its openness to surprise, is the truer way to experience life. The answer, I suppose, is that neither is always better. It depends on the situation, and more importantly, on what we hope to get out of it. When launching a spacecraft into space, careful planning is beyond question, for a mistake could lead to disaster. But when playing football with children in the backyard, a strict game plan would feel out of place, for spontaneity allows the joy of the moment to take over. The same activity can call for different ways depending on its purpose. Both planning and spontaneity come with their own risks. Over-planning may cause us to focus so much on covering every detail (细节) that we forget to enjoy the experience itself. This can happen when we take too many pictures of famous sites, only to realize later that we never truly enjoy them. On the other hand, a willingness to “wing it” can sometimes turn small mistakes into costly ones. For example, an unplanned hike without enough water may turn a pleasant afternoon into a difficult one. Thus, neither way is always better. What matters is knowing the risks of each and choosing the one that fits the situation. Yet planning and spontaneity need not be opposites. Even in highly structured settings, there is room for the unplanned. A symphony orchestra (交响乐团) performs from written music, yet a conductor may make small changes to the way the music is played based on the feel of the moment. Jazz musicians, famous for their improvisation (即兴创作), still begin with a basic structure. In both cases, planning provides the base, while spontaneity brings it to life. So, which is better? The question itself may be too simple. What matters is not choosing one over the other, but understanding when each is called for, and how they can work together. Recognizing this allows us to make wiser decisions, but only when we are willing to look closely at our own choices and take responsibility for what we see. 33．Why does the writer mention two different examples in Paragraph 3? A．To stress that careful planning is necessary. B．To prove that spontaneity works better in daily life. C．To explain that the situation decides whether to plan or be spontaneous. D．To show that planning is more difficult than being spontaneous. 34．What do the words “wing it” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Do things carelessly. B．Act without preparation. C．Go against rules. D．Take unnecessary risks. 35．Which of the following shows a balance between planning and spontaneity? A．Sticking to a strict timetable. B．Following a cookbook step by step. C．Making a to-do list but keeping the order flexible. D．Going out right after seeing the nice weather. 36．Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A．Planning and Spontaneity: Hidden Risks B．Planning and Spontaneity: Both Have a Place C．Planning over Spontaneity: The Key to Success D．Spontaneity before Planning: The Path to Happiness 10 I was very happy that I had done well in the final exams last term. But as mid-term exams were around the corner, I started to become anxious (焦虑的) about whether I could make progress or not. I’m a bit unusual in my class. My mother is also my history teacher. I always feel that if I fall behind others, my classmates will think badly of me. I started to force myself to stay up later and study harder than others, but soon I became tired. Luckily, my head teacher noticed I was behaving unusually. She decided to try to help me. One morning, I was reading outside the classroom. My teacher came along and said with a smile, “Peter, improving your scores by staying up late isn’t a long-term solution. You have to think of other ways to improve your efficiency (效率) in a short time.” I looked at her and nodded. “You are not a machine. You need rest,” she continued. “When you are studying, focus on nothing but studying. But when it comes to rest, think of nothing but having a good rest! Don’t pay so much attention to your rank (排名) in the class, and you will find that studying is simple and fun.” I listened carefully and began to understand what she was saying. Study and rest are not like water and fire. Instead, study is like a chemical reaction (反应), and having a rest is like a catalyst (催化剂) that improves the reaction. 37．The writer became worried because of ______. A．his teacher’s words B．the mid-term exams C．his unusual behavior D．the chemical experiment 38．Who gave the writer so much pressure? A．His mother. B．His head teacher. C．His classmates. D．The writer himself. 39．What advice did the head teacher give the writer? A．Study hard and rest well. B．Learn with a clear goal. C．Reduce stress by talking with others. D．Try other learning methods. 40．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Students should get on well with their teachers. B．The rank in the class isn’t important for students. C．Proper balance between work and rest is necessary. D．A teacher’s praise is important to his students’ growth. 11 On a freezing December day in Tongxin County, Ningxia, a 4-year-old boy fell through the ice into the icy lake. People were very worried, but no one dared to walk on the broken ice. At that dangerous moment, 13-year-old Li Jiating, a seventh-grade student, stepped forward bravely. “I’m light — I’ll go!” she said. She took a long pipe (管子) from a man nearby and moved slowly to the ice hole. As she reached out to give the pipe to the boy, the ice broke again. Both she and the boy fell into the freezing water. Li Jiating held tightly (紧紧地) onto the pipe until the adults pulled her out, and firefighters soon arrived to save the boy. Wet and cold, Li Jiating quietly rode her bike home. Her father asked about her wet clothes, and she smiled and “lied”: “A water truck got me wet!” Her father learned the truth from her sister that night. “I’m scared and sad, but also proud of her kindness,” he said. The boy’s parents were very thankful. They found the “unknown hero” and visited Li Jiating with gifts and money. Though Li Jiating refused the money, they left fruits and a sheep as thanks. Many honors came to Li Jiating. Her school named her “A Good Youth with Courage and Kindness”. The local government gave her a prize, and the hospital offered her free physical exams for life. Alibaba also gave her 5,000 yuan as a prize. Li Jiating’s story is like a beam (束) of light. We praise her kindness, but we also need to teach teenagers to stay safe while helping others. Let bravery go with wisdom (智慧) — this is the best way to protect their kindness and pass warmth. 41．Why did Li Jiating decide to move on the ice to save the boy? A．She was the strongest person in the crowd. B．She wanted to get money from the boy’s parents. C．She thought her light weight would not break the ice easily. D．She had received professional training about how to save people before. 42．What’s the right order of the following events? ① Li Jiating fell into the water while trying to save the boy. ② The boy’s parents visited Li Jiating with gifts. ③ A 4-year-old boy fell through the ice into the lake. ④ Li Jiating was pulled out of the water by adults. ⑤ Li Jiating’s father learned the truth from his sister. A．①④③⑤② B．③④①⑤② C．①③④②⑤ D．③①④⑤② 43．What can we infer (推断) from the father’s words “I’m scared and sad, but also proud of her kindness.”? A．The father thought his daughter was too careless. B．The father had mixed feelings about his daughter’s act. C．The father only cared about his daughter’s safety. D．The father wanted his daughter to get more honors. 44．Why does the writer say Li Jiating’s story is like “a beam of light”? A．Her story brings warmth to people. B．She saved the boy in the morning. C．Her clothes were as bright as light. D．She used a light to find the boy. 12 When the leaves begin to change their colors and the birds head south, we know the season is starting to change. Autumn gives creative ideas to writers and poets. People explore the beauty of autumn from different aspects. For writers and poets, autumn is a difficult season to describe. It’s the end of summer and therefore a little sad. The days seem to get shorter. When you awake in the morning, there is mist and the air is cooler. American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote in his book A Moveable Feast, “You expected to be sad in the fall. Part of you died each year when the leaves fell from the trees and their branches (枝条) were bare (光秃秃的) against the wind and the cold light.” But on the other hand, autumn has its good side, such as the colorful leaves and cooler nights. French writer Albert Camus even thought autumn was a second spring, when every leaf was a flower. Another idea of this season is wisdom (感悟). The arrival of autumn is thought to be similar to a person becoming grown-up. The great Irish poet W.B．Yeats, in his poem The Wild Swans (天鹅) at Coole, wrote about the changing seasons in Coole Park in the west of Ireland. Seeing and counting 59 swans, he remembered first making the count as a young man. Seeing the swans do the same thing for all those years, he’s reminded that even though we get older, our inner (内心的) world always stays the same. 45．What does the underlined word “aspects” in the first paragraph probably mean? A．Tasks. B．Choices. C．Sides. D．Materials. 46．In Paragraph 3, A Moveable Feast is mentioned to ______. A．express that winter will come B．present the sadness of autumn C．point out that autumn is energetic D．show Hemingway’s painful life 47．What can we understand from the last paragraph about W.B．Yeats’ poem? A．Growing old is a sad thing for everyone. B．Autumn is the best season to enjoy beautiful swans. C．The number of swans in Coole Park has never changed. D．Perhaps people’s hearts don’t change while growing older. 48．What is the text mainly about? A．Autumn with wind and cold light. B．Autumn in the eyes of writers and poets. C．The differences between poets and writers. D．The differences between autumn and spring. 13 When you go to the park, you might notice many older people listening to audiobooks (有声书) instead of reading paper books. Audiobooks have become quite popular these days. Why are more and more people choosing audiobooks over traditional books? Is listening to an audiobook just as effective (有效的) as reading a book? Reading needs us to put all our attention on the words in a book, and we also need to find time and a place to sit down and read. However, you can listen to audiobooks anytime and anywhere you like, and it gives your eyes a break, too. But the big question is, do we get knowledge from audiobooks as effectively as we do from paper books? Researchers tried to find the answer. Volunteers in Group One were asked to listen to an audiobook while volunteers in Group Two read a paper book of the same information. It turned out that they got the same information, whether they listened to it or read it. Another study further supported the result above. In the study, researchers scanned (扫描) people’s brains when they listened to and read books. The result showed that listening to audiobooks activates (激活) almost the same parts of the brain as reading does. However, some people still believe that they learn better from reading paper books. One reason might be that when we listen to audiobooks, we are often doing several things at one time. “If you’re trying to learn while doing two things, you’re not going to learn as well,” said Professor Daniel Willingham. 49．Why does the writer ask questions in Paragraph 1? A．To tell a story. B．To interest readers. C．To give an example. D．To show opinions. 50．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Listening to an audiobook. B．Reading a paper book. C．Putting all our attention on words. D．Finding time to sit down and read. 51．What did the researchers do in the study? A．Scanned people’s eyes. B．Scanned people’s bodies. C．Scanned people’s arms. D．Scanned people’s brains. 52．What’s the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the use of audiobooks. B．To advise more people to listen to audiobooks. C．To express the importance of reading paper books. D．To discuss the effectiveness of the two ways of reading. 14 Have you ever watched a seed sprout? Inside that seed lies an embryo (胚胎), a tiny but powerful structure that grows into a new life. How does it grow? First, the seed needs water. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. Next, the seed begins to wake up. Inside, a tiny baby plant, called the embryo, starts to grow. It pushes against the seed coat, trying to get out. This is called “sprouting”. Then, a tiny root, called the radicle (胚根), pops out first. This root will help the plant find water and hold it in the ground. Soon after, a tiny stem (茎) and leaves, called the shoot, start to come out. The shoot will help the plant make food from sunlight. Studies show that the way this embryo grows can inspire other fields. In agriculture, understanding how seed embryos develop helps farmers grow better crops. By studying how embryos use nutrients (营养物) and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand(经受住) droughts and pests. These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone. Materials scientists seek inspiration from seed embryos, too. The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair or change shapes in response to (作为对……的回应) the environment. Imagine clothes that mend themselves or buildings that can adjust to extreme weather! Seed embryo growth is not just about plants, but also a source of inspiration across many fields. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. So next time you see a sprouting seed, remember—it’s a tiny wonder with endless possibilities! 53．What is the first thing a seed needs before it starts growing? A．It needs sunlight. B．It needs water. C．It needs soil. D．It needs nutrients. 54．According to the text, which process does the materials scientists base their research on to invent materials that can self-repair? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 55．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．Understanding seed embryos doesn’t help engineers create new materials. B．The way seed embryos grow is not important in other fields. C．Scientists have created seeds that can grow in any environment. D．The improved seeds can lead to better harvest and food safety. 56．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of planting seeds for food security. B．How seed embryos grow and inspire different fields. C．The scientific process of creating seeds to suit the drought. D．Engineering achievements inspired by plant growth. 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