清单02 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（二）（抢分清单·图文版）2026年高考英语终极冲刺讲练测

被动语态的用法 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，常用 English be done来表示，强调动作的承受者，弱化或怨略动作的执行者。 Study! ☆被动语态的结构 时态 结构（被动语态） 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词 English is spoken by many people. (英语被许多人说。) 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 The book was written by Lu Xun. (这本书是鲁迅写的。) Our classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. 一般将来时 will be+过去分词 (我们的教室明天将被打扫。) 现在进行时 The room is being cleaned now. am/is/are being+过去分词 (房间正在被打扫。) 现在完成时 The work has been finished has/have been+过去分词 (这项工作已经完成了。) ☆被动语态的用法 ①不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者。 被动语态常用于书面 例：My bike was stolen last night..(我的自行车昨晚被偷了。) 语和正式场合哦！ ②强调动作的承受者。 例：He was praised for his honesty..(他因诚实而受到表扬。) 3使句子更加正式、客观。 例：It is said that he will come tomorrow.(据说他明天要来。) ☆注意事项 ☆被动语态中没有动作的执行者时，by短语可以省略。 例：The classroom was cleaned yesterday..(教室昨天被打扫了。) ★有时可以用“be+过去分词”结构代替主动语态，使句子更简洁。 People speak English all over the world.English is spoken all over the world (人们在世界各地说英语。) (英语在世界各地被说。) 被动语态的用法 ★构成 ● 基本结构： be+过去分词 (通过变换be的形式体现时态) 00180 其他形式： get/become+过去分词 be + 过去分词 ☆ 适用范围 ●仅及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语有被动语态。 无被动语态的动词/短语 及物动词/短语 不及物动词/短语 have (有) happen/take place/occur (发生) ● cost(花费) remain(剩下) ●lack(缺少) break out (爆发) ●suit(适合) 。last(持续) ●belong to (属于) 。come out(出版) ●suffer from(遭受) 。come up(被提出) 。date from/back to(追溯到) 。lose heart(失去信心) ●consist of(由…组成) ●run out(用完) ●take part in(参加) ★特殊结构的被动语态 ●情态动词、be going to、beto、be sure to等结构： 将其后的动词原形变为be+过去分词。 使用被动语态时 立注意的几个问题 主动形式表被动意义（主语为物】 表示主语属性特征的动词(read,write,.selL,wash,clean等) NOTICE AS FOLLOWS 与well,easily等副词连用时，用主动形式表达被动意义。 The sign reads as follows.(告示如下。) The cloth doesn't wash well..(这布料不好洗。) 系动词后接形容词作表语 smell,.taste,feeL,look,sound,prove等系动词后接形容词， Tastes delicious！ 无被动形式。 Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn't contain enough nutrition. YUMHY (垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。) 动词与wont/can't连用表被动 t open,close,lock,move,keep等动词与won't,can't,wouldn't连用时， wouldn't 主动形式表被动。 open. 例 No matter what he did to the drawer,it wouldn't open. (不论他怎么弄，抽屉就是打不开。)》 need/want/require+动名词表被动 need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词及worth后， 动名词主动形式=不定式被动形式。 例 ·The building needs repairing/.to be repaired.(这栋楼需要修理。) Need The poet is really worth reading.(这位诗人的作品值得一读。) repairing. “主语+be+形容词+不定式”结构 形容词(nice,easy,difficult等)后不定式主动形式表被动； Who is be to blame(应受责备)也用主动表被动。 to blame? 例 ·The problem is difficult to work out..(这道题很难解。) Who is to blame for the mistake?(这个错误该怪谁？) 被动语态的用法 cccro 主动变为被动时宾语的变化 双宾语的被动转换 主动句中的间接宾语或直接宾语均可作被动句的主语。 例： 主动： The reporters asked the president some questions. 被动 1 The president was asked some questions by the reporters. (间接宾语作主语) 2Some questions were asked the president by the reporters (直接宾语作主语) 不定式作补语的被动转换 主动句中感官动词(hear,see等)或使役动词(make,let等)后的 Good-bye! 不定式补语不带to,变为被动时需加to。 例： 主动：I heard him say good-bye to his friends, 被动： He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 三、动词短语的被动转换 动词短语变被动时，需保留短语中的介词或副词（勿掉“尾巴”）。 例： Dictionary This dictionary must be taken good care of. (这本词典必须被好好保管。) 小贴士：变被动时，主语（动作的承受者）常由主动句中的宾语变化而来。 业1 被动语态的构成 (以do为例) 类别 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 am/is/are was/were will/shall would/should 一般 done done be done be done am/is/are was/were 进行 being done being done will/shall would/should have/has had 完成 have been have been been done been done done done 小贴士 ☆被动语态的基本结构：助动词+be done(及物动词的过去分词) ☆被动语态强调动作的承受者，不强调动作的执行者。 ☆若不知道或不需要说明动作的执行者，可省略by+执行者。 0m0 00 00 主谓一致一一语法一致原则 单数主语的谓语形式 动名词、动词不定式，从句，不定代词(someone,anyone ★特例 等)住语时，谓语用单数。 ①"many a/more than one-+单数名词" 作主语，谓语用单数： Serving the people is my great happiness. Many a person thinks it wise to stay. (动名词作主语) ②what从句作主语，表单数意义用单数， Whether we'll go depends on the weather. 表复数意义用复数： (从旬作主语) What the school needs are qualified teachers. 主语后接附加短语时 主语后有with,together with,as well as等短语时，谓语与前面的主语一致； and连接两个不同主语时用复数，但若表同一人/物或整体（如knife and fork)则用单数。 Amy,as well as her brothers, The dancer and expert is was given a warm welcome. to perform here. (谓语与Amy一致) (同一人，用单数) 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词作主语时，谓语与先行词一致。 ·He is one of the men ·He is the only one of who were chosen. the boys who is willing. (先行词the men为复数) (先行词the only one为单数) 特殊名词的主谓一致 news,physics,the United States等， 形复意单 The news is very exciting. 谓语用单数。 The United States is a big country. 常用复数 goods,stairs,,arms等， The goods are on the way. 谓语用复数。 The stairs are very narrow. This is a good means of exercise. means,.deer,sheep等， 单复数同形 (方法，单数) 根据意义确定单复数。 Many deer are in the forest. (鹿，复数) 主谓一致一一意义一致原则 FgAa中 主谓一数的核心；主语表示单数意义，调语动词用单数； 主语表示复数意义，调语动词用复数。 集体名词作主语 集体名词(family,.class,team等)表整体时谓语用单数 数， 表成员时用复数。 ·The family is moving to Beijing.(整体) 。The family are preparing for the trip.(成员) 复数名词表度量等概念 表示时间、距离、重量、金额的复数名词作主语时，谓语用单 单数。 例： ·Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长的时间。) 2s0 分数/百分数等作主语 “分数/百分数/the majority of+-名词”作主语时，谓语单复数取决于of后名词的数和意义； all,some,most等作主语时，根据实际意义确定。 例： Two-thirds of the people are against the plan. (people为复数) 13 The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 23 (damage为不可数) “the+形容词”表一类 “the+形容词” (如the poor,.the old)作主语时，调语用复数。 例： The old are taken good care of in this community. (老年人在社区里被照顾得很好。) 主谓一致一一就近一致原则 ★ 并列连词连接主语时 由or,either..or,neither..nor.,not only.but also..,not.but.…连接主语时， 谓语与最近的主语保持一致（疑问句同样适用）。 ● Not only the students but also the teacher is the film! is interested in the film. (与teacher-一致) Tom you ● Is either Tom or you to be sent there? (与you一致，用are的疑问式Is) there/,here引起的主语 there/,here后接多个主语时，谓语与最邻近的主语一致。 ● There are many girls in the room, Room but neither my sister nor I 与girls一致， 用are am interested in candies. 与引一致， 用am 记忆 找谓语，先找“最近”！ 小贴士 就近一致原则：谁在“旁边”，就和谁保持一致。