语法突破 专题二 第3讲 主谓一致与动词的时态和语态-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关教参（人教版）

艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用 副词exactly作状语。故填exactly。 答案：exactly 4.(2023·浙江卷1月)The term“hutong”, (original)meaning "water well"in Mongolian,ap- peared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 解析：考查副词。句意：“胡同”起初在蒙古语当中 是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动 词meaning,需要填副词形式。故填originally。 答案：originally 5.(2023·浙江卷1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by (space)homes and walled gardens. 解析：考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有 序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处 需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。 故填spacious。. 答案：spacious 6.(2022·全国乙卷)In1916,two girls of (wealth)families,best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Un- derwood-traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. 答案：wealthy 7.Of all living things,human beings are the (clever). 答案：cleverest 8.A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet (height). 答案：high 第3讲 主谓一致与动话 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数 上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法 一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代 词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 ·38 9.Practice some (relax)techniques before you go into a social situation. 答案：relaxing 10.Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been (popu- lar). 答案：more popular 11.Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be (access)to the kids. 答案：accessible 12.In this lecture,I can only give you a purely (person)view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. 答案：personal 13.After climbing up the top of the mountains,the three of them sat there, (hunger)and tired. 答案：hungry 14. (thankful),I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 答案：Thankfully 15.-Volunteering is becoming (increas- ing)popular in China. Yeah,people are now aware that helping oth- ers is helping themselves. 答案：increasingly 16.We saw each other (regular),but I haven't heard from him since last year. 答案：regularly 的时态和语态[学生用书P225] 1思 I what引导的从句作主语时，谓语 动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意 义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。 (2)主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like, but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引出的短语时，谓语动词的数要与 前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very ex- cited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 (3)and,both..and..连接两个不同的主语时，谓语 动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名 词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品」 (4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动 词的形式要与先行词保持一致。 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasure. 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。 (5)“many a或more than one-十可数名词单数”作主 语时，谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名 词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历这一段痛苦的过程。 2.意义一致原则 意义一致原则是指不管主语的形式是单数还是复 数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词 用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员， 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：fami- ly,class,team,group,public,committee,government, audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语 时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及 其表示的意义；all,some,half,most,the rest等作 主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达 的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了60%的工作。 (3)“the十形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语 动词用复数形式。 The old are taken good care of here. 在这儿老年人被照顾得很好。 (4)a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名 词复数，谓语动词用单数形式；quantities of后无 论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复 数形式。 A quantity of time has been wasted on the pro- ject. =Quantities of time have been wasted on the pro- Ject. .33 语法突破专题二词形变化类 大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。 (5)“a number of-+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用 复数形式；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of students have gone for an outing. 许多学生去远足了。 The number of the students is increasing year after year. 学生的数量逐年增加。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一大笔钱。 3.就近一致原则 就近一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 离它最近的主语的单复数。 (1)or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not on- ly..but also...,not..but..等连接的并列主 语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or Tom is to go to Beijing for the meeting. 要么你要么汤姆应去北京参加的会议。 (2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词 的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new-men have been renting good suits for decades-but for female shoppers,it is just taking off. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新 鲜一几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装一但 对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be 作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主 语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式 is。故填is。 答案：is 2.(2024·新课标I卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare's concerns. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内 容也是莎士比亚所关心的，”这里为本句谓语动词， 根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般 过去时；主语为“some of the things'”,复数。故填 were. 答案：were 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 3.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend protec- tion to a significant number of areas that (be)previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围 扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大 熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少 管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性 定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据 主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故 填were。 答案：were 4.(2022·新高考I卷)Producing food that no one eats (waste)the water,fuel,and other re- sources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem. 解析：句意：制作没人吃的食物会浪费水、燃料和用 于种植食物的其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一 个环境问题。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 答案：wastes 5.(2021·全国甲卷)Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources(资源)to make,and buying loads of new clothing is(be)not healthy for the en- vironment. 6.(2021·全▣I卷)More than half of Australian homes are(be)still choosing to stick with their home phone. [考点二]一般时态 1,一般现在时 (1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的 状态。由动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 (be动词的一般现在时用am/is/are)构成。 They always care for each other and help each other. 他们总是照顾和帮助对方。 (2)表示按照时间表、计划安排好的或者规定的行为， 只限于go,come,leave,start,.stop,arrive,begin, return,open,close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义 的词。 The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day. 商店每天晚上11点关门。 (3)如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when,while, before,after,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语 从句、if和unless引导的条件状语从句及让步状 语从句中，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示 将来的动作或状态。 ·38 The sentence will be easy to understand when you divide it into three parts. 当你把这个句子分成三部分时，就容易理解了。 2.一般过去时 (1)表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态， 常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yester- day,last month,just now,the other day,three days ago,in1989等， The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 (2)表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。 Whenever the Browns went,they were given a warm welcome. 布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 (3)有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语， 但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用 一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know,think,ex pect,want等。 Edward,you play so well.But I didn't know you played the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹 钢琴。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 l.(2025·北京卷)However,according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund,tourists (leave)over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year... 解析：考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基 金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的 食物垃圾，…。根据“last year'”可知，描述过去发 生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是 “left”。故填left。 答案：left 2.(2024·新课标I卷)Further,the Silk Route Gar- den around the greenhouse (walk)visi- tors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,.· 解析：考查时态。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路 花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅 程，…“walk sb.through”,意为“带领某人穿 过…”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本 句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks.。 答案：walks 6 3.(2024·北京卷)My heart went out to him,andI (jog)over to him 解析：考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑 过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根 据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使 用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式j0gged。故填 jogged。 答案：jogged 4.(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman of the China Cul- ture Promotion Society address)the opening ceremony. 解析：考查时态。句意：中国文化促进会会长在开 幕式上致辞。陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。故填 addressed。 答案：addressed 5.(2021·全国乙卷)At the beginning of the year, the artist built(build)a piece called"Strawpoca- lypse",a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash, [考点三]进行时态 1.现在进行时 (1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时 间状语now,at the moment,at present等连用。 He is watching a football match on TV at home now. 他现在正在家里在电视上看足球赛。 (2)表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作或 表示将要开始或结束的动作，常见的动词有g0, begin,leave,arrive,come,return等。 How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们中有多少人下周要来参加聚会？ (3)现在进行时态与频率副词always,constantly连 用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。 You are always forgetting the important things. 你总是把重要的事情忘掉。（表达出不满的情绪）》 2.过去进行时 (1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正 在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语如then, at that time,yesterday,at five yesterday after- noon,last night等连用。 I was visiting a friend of mine most of the after- noon. 我（那天）下午大部分时间都在一个朋友家里 做客。 (2)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常 见动词有go,begin,.leave,arrive,come, return等， .3 语法突破专题二词形变化类 I was coming to visit you later that day,but I had to phone and cancel. 我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打 电话取消了。 3.将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的 动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow,by then,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomor- row等。 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this af- ternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时 间在授课。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.One day,when I was drawing diagrams on the bal- cony and he was bathing (bathe)inside,the volca- no erupted unexpectedly. 2.The water supply has been cut off temporarily be- cause the workers are repairing (repair)one of the main pipes. 3.Terry and his wife were cleaning (clean)their new home busily when the light suddenly went out. [考点四]将来时态 1.一般将来时 (1)“shall,/will+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生 的动作或存在的状态。“wll十动词原形”还可以 表示说话时临时做出的决定。 D-Dr Jackson is not in his office at the mo- ment. -All right.I will call him later. 一杰克逊博士现在不在办公室。 ——好的。我稍后给他打电话。 2-Mr Li was ill in hospital. -Oh,I didn't know.I'll go to see him tonight. 一李老师生病住院了。 哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他 (2)be going to十动词原形。 ①表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生 的事。 ②表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事 即将发生。 Look at the cloud.It's going to rain. 瞧那乌云，天就要下雨了。 (3)“beto十动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义 务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 (4)“be about to十动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某 事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the window when his at- tention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的 注意。 2.过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动 作或存在的状态，即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼 未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。 In Berlin,he first met the woman whom he would one day marry. 在柏林，他第一次见到那个后来有一天和他结婚的 女人。 【对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 L.(2025·浙江1月卷)For example,participants said they (be)less likely to buy a gen- derless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices. 解析：考查时态。句意：例如，参与者表示，与有男 性或女性声音的版本相比，他们不太可能购买无性 别的语音助手。根据said可知，句子应用过去 将来时。 答案：would be 2.(2023·北京卷)I'm British.Soon after moving to Switzerland,I (throw)a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 解析：考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办 一个乔迁派对，当全部30位客人都准时出现时，我 感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发 生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填 would throw。 答案：would throw 3.I think being open-minded and friendly will do (do)you good. 4.Ram explained to his mother that he would get home late that night because of extra work. 5.If students have nutritious food in the morning, energy levels will stay stay high and the mind alert. [考点五]完成时态 1.现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚 完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语： already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,in the last (past)few days/years,up to now,till now,so far等。 ·33 He has already received three similar invitations this week. 本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始延续至今（可能还要延续下 去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since十时间 点，for+时间段等。 -I remember you were a talented pianist at col- lege.Can you play the piano for me? —我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴演 奏者。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ -Sorry,I haven't played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将 来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have fin- ished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ 2.过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作 或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”。句中一般有明 确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语（从句）。 When walking down the street,I came across Da- vid,whom I hadn't seen for years.沿街走路时，我 偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的 一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before, by then,by that time,by the end of,by the time 十从句等。 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me. 很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的 一切。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词（如hope,want,expect, think,mean,suppose,plan,intend)用于过去完成 时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3.将来完成时 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完 成，常用的时间状语为“by十将来的某个时间”。 By this time of next year,all of you will have be- come college students. 到明年的这个时候，你们就都成为大学生了。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth,you make several decisions even without noticing. 解析：考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在 不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语 “By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表 示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应 用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 答案：had made 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Riders (print)nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. 解析：考查时态。句意：自去年3月该计划启动以 来，乘车的人们已经印刷了近20000篇短篇小说 和诗歌。由since the program was launched last March可知，句子用完成时。 答案：have printed 3.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao (walk)through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain. 解析：考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿 越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力 马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语 In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时， 主语Ca0为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填 has walked。 答案：has walked 4.(2022·全国乙卷)The New Theatre (be) the home of quality drama,musicians,dance and children's shows for more than 100 years. 解析：句意：l00多年来，New Theatre一直是优质 戏刷、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的诞生地。根据句 意和for more than100 years可知，本句应该用现 在完成式。 答案：has bee 5.(2021·全国甲卷)Port Lympne Reserve,which runs a breeding(繁育)programme,has welcomed (welcome)the arrival of a rare black rhino calf( 牛幼崽). 6.(2020·浙江卷)By about6000BC,people had dis- covered (discover)the best crops to grow and ani- mals to raise. 7.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make)over the years. .39 语法突破专题二词形变化类 8.It is reported that China will have completed (complete)its first orbiting space station by around 2022. [考点六]完成进行时 现在完成进行时是现在完成时和现在进行时的 组合，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要 继续下去的动作或表示到目前为止的一段时间里一 直反复进行的动作，它既具备现在完成时的特征，又 具备现在进行时的特征，它具备“未完性、暂时性、感 情色彩”的特点。 He has been learning English for 6 years. 他学英语已经六年了。（从过去某一时间开始学英 语，强调到现在还在学) It has been raining for 3 days. 已经下了三天雨了。（强调说话者“抱怨”的感情 色彩) [考点七]被动语态 1.被动语态的构成（以do为例） 时间 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 形式 would/ is/am/ was/were will/shal 一般式 should are done done be done be done is/am/ 进行式are being was/were being done done would/ have/has will/shall had been should 完成式 been have been done have done done been done 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。 Computers are widely used in transport. 计算机被广泛运用于交通领域。 (2)强调动作的承受者时。 A third ring will be built around this city. 这座城市将建一条三环路。 (3)出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。 Much has been said but little has been done about the issue. 关于这件事，说的太多，做的太少。 (4)出于修辞的需要，使用被动语态可以使句子更加 简练、匀称。 The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English. 这项计划受到那些希望有更多机会说英语的人的 支持。 9 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 (5)科技文献、新闻报道中常使用被动语态。 The West-East Gas Pipeline Project was kicked off on July 4. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工。 (6)用于一些固定句式中。 It is hoped that... 希望… It is supposed that... 据推测说… It is known that... 据说… It is believed that... 有人相信… It is thought that... 人们认为… 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国一卷)“The players'personalities (reveal)during the game,and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,"she adds. 解析：考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个 性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱，点会暴露给对 手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主 语The players'personalities与动词reveal“揭示， 显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的 被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed 答案：are revealed 2.(2024·浙江1月卷)However,though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would help even more if they could sometimes (offer)in smaller packs. 解析：考查动词语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能 便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出 售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构 成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。. 在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填beof- fered。 答案：be offered 3.(2024·北京卷)On April5,2024,John Tinniswood (name)the world's oldest living man. 解析：考查语态。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰· 廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世的最长寿的人。根 据时间状语On April5,2024可知，此处描述过去 发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语 John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态， 主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。 故填was named。 答案：was named 4.(2020·山东卷)The parts of a museum open to the public are called (call)galleries or rooms. 5.(2020·浙江卷)And,as more children were born, more food was needed (need). .31 6.With a history of over 2,000 years,the Huazhao Festival is held(hold)in celebration of the flower goddesses'birthday. 7.It is certain that people's views on happiness are affected(affect)greatly by their own life experi- ence. 8.The students have been working hard on their les- sons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end. 高考对接 GAO KAO DUI JIE (一)主谓一致在语法填空中的命题点 1.考查语法一致原则 ①(2023·新课标I卷)We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are (be)a posi- tive way to develop and grow. ②(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle chop- sticks is (be)important to avoid annoying your companions. ③(2021·新高考I卷)You can't help wondering how hard it was (be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place. ④(2020·山东卷)Often,only a small part of a museum's collection is (be)on display. 2.考查意义一致原则 One-third of the country is (be)covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are be) black people. 3.考查就近一致原则 (湖南卷改编)Either you or one of your students is (be)to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (二)时态和语态在语法填空中的命题点 动词的时态和语态在语法填空题中通常以有提 示词的形式进行考查，通常括号中给出动词原形，让 考生填写适当的动词时态和语态。 1.考查现在时的用法 ①(2023·全国乙卷)The remarkable development of this city,which is consciously designed to pro- tect the past while stepping into the modern world,means (mean)there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photograp- hing Beijing for the next 50 years. ②(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers carries (carry)spe- cial significance. ③(2021·浙江卷)It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,has proved/has proven prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. 0 2.考查过去时的用法 ①(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl,I wished (wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up. ②(2021·全国甲卷)We hired(hire)our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. ③(2020·新高考I卷)The unmanned Chang'e4 probe(探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess -touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 3.考查将来时的用法 ①(2022·全高考I卷)With a workout partner, you will increase(increase)your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition. ②（全国Ⅱ卷）If you like,a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent(prevent)them turning brown. 4.考查被动语态的用法 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed (employ)today to draw attention to important truths. ②(2022·新高考I卷)All the assignments will be submitted submit)by the assigned date through Blackboard,our online learning and course management system. ③(2021·浙江卷)Mary's niece wrote,“The little home was painted (paint)white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it..” 过关演练 GUO GUAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always (try)to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态)of respect for the other side. 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是 尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方 的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时 态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称 单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数 tries。故填tries。 答案：tries 2.(2025·北京卷)Usually,better outcomes (achieve)through a thorough understand- ing of strategies like risk tolerance. 解析：考查动词语态。句意：通常，通过充分了解风 险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时 间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的 动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes 和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般 ·3 语法突破专题二词形变化类 现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数， be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 答案：are achieved 3.(2024·全国甲卷)They (be)part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他们是一个由15名 成员组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了将近五个星 期的时间见证了那里的自然美景。这里描述的是 过去的情况，主语是they,谓语动词用复数形式，因 此填were。 答案：were 4.(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do) with such a beautiful place? 解析：考查动词语态。句意：这么美丽的地方应该 怎样对待呢？这是一个被动结构，故填be done。 答案：be done 5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,a six-meter- tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony Pavilion, build)at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes'walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 解析：考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高 的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居 仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为 本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later'”可 知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter- tall pavilion”,单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关 系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 答案：was built 6.(2023·北京卷)Years later,having moved to France,I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner,only to find that no other guest (arrive)and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 解析：考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国 后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到 场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主 句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过 去完成时。故填had arrived。 答案：had arrived 7.Such poets as Shakespeare are widely known,of whose works,however,some_ (be)diffi- cult to understand. 答案：are 8.The fact that so many people still smoke in public places suggest)that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. 答案：suggests 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语 9.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which (save)for other purposes. 答案：were saved 10.The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody (see)them since. 答案：has seen 11.-Hi,let's go skating. -Sorry,I'm busy right now.I (fill)in an application form for a new job. 答案：am filling 12.I'm calling about the apartment you (advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 答案：advertised 13.Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we (expect). 答案：had expected 第4讲 非谓话 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]非谓语动词作状语 1.分词作状语 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在 句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。 (1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主 语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。 Hearing the news,they got excited. 听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。 (2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语 承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 Given the right kind of training,these teenage soccer players may one day grow into interna- tional stars. 如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有 一天也许会成为国际明星。 2.动词不定式作状语 (1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可 以表示结果、原因等。 She was surprised to see George walk in. 看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。 (2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形 式上可用in order to do,so as to do,todo等，但 so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam,he worked hard. 为了通过考试，他努力学习。 (3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发 出的。 To learn English well,his father bought him a dictionary.(X) ·3 14.They made up their mind that they (buy)a new house once Larry changed his job. 答案：would buy 15.Sofia looked around at all the faces;she had the impression that she see)most of the guests before. 答案：had seen 16.Close the door of fear behind you,and you (see)the door of faith open before you. 答案：will see 17.If nothing (do),the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 答案：is done 18.A new cinema (build)here.They hope to finish it next month. 答案：is being built 动祠 [学生用书P232] 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·浙江1月卷) (refer)to as matrix planting,this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被称为矩阵种 植的方法旨在让大自然在花园中承担更多繁重的 工作，甚至承担一些设计工作。refer to.,as与 this approach存在被动关系，故用过去分词短语作 状语。 答案：Referred 2.(2024·北京卷)Just then,some kids ran at him, (knock)his books out of his arms. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子 朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有 谓语ran,空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语 some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式 knocking作状语。故填knocking.。 答案：knocking 3.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) (teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过 讲寓言故事来传授道理或传递智慧。根据句意可 知，此处表达“来传授道理和传递智慧”，所以用不 定式作目的状语。故填to teach, 答案：to teach 2