专题05 名词(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)

2026-04-29
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学段 小学
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 六年级
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 小升初复习-专项复习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 山东省
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 930 KB
发布时间 2026-04-29
更新时间 2026-04-29
作者 xkw_082139292
品牌系列 上好课·小升初讲练测
审核时间 2026-04-29
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小升初英语专题总复习 专题05 名词 考点一 名词的分类(基础必考点) 名词是表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念名称的词,是小学英语语法的核心基础,也是山东小升初全题型的基础考查点。按照属性和数量两大维度分类,逻辑框架如下: 一、按属性分类(专有名词&普通名词) 分类 核心定义 书写规则 山东教材高频例词 专有名词 表示特定的人、地点、国家、机构、节日、月份、星期等独一无二的事物 单词首字母必须大写,由多个单词构成的专有名词,核心实词首字母大写 山东地域相关:Shandong(山东)、Jinan(济南)、Qingdao(青岛)、Mount Tai(泰山)、Yellow River(黄河) 通用高频:China、the UK、Tom、Sunday、January、Spring Festival、Teachers' Day、the Great Wall 普通名词 表示一类人、事物、抽象概念的通用名称 非句首位置首字母无需大写 分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词四大类,详见下表 二、普通名词细分(按词汇属性) 分类 核心定义 可数性 山东教材高频例词 个体名词 表示单个的人或事物的名称 可数 girl, student, teacher, book, desk, pen, apple, cat, factory 集体名词 表示一群人或一组事物的总称 可单可复(强调整体用单数,强调个体用复数) family, class, people, police, team, group, army 物质名词 表示无法拆分的物质、材料、食品、液体等 不可数 water, milk, rice, bread, meat, juice, tea, paper, wood, cotton 抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象概念 不可数 time, love, happiness, health, homework, news, fun, weather, friendship 三、按数量分类(可数名词&不可数名词) 分类 核心特征 用法规则 高频例词 可数名词 表示可以按个数计算的人或事物 有单数和复数两种形式;单数前可加a/an/数词;复数有规则/不规则变化 book, pen, student, apple, bus, family, child 不可数名词 表示无法按个数直接计算的事物 无复数形式,不能直接加a/an/数词;表数量需借助量词;谓语动词用单数 water, milk, bread, rice, time, news, homework, weather 一、选出下列单词中属于专有名词的一项。 ( ) 1. A. city B. school C. Qingdao D. park ( ) 2. A. apple B. Sunday C. book D. dog ( ) 3. A. mother B. teacher C. China D. student ( ) 4. A. desk B. Mid-Autumn Festival C. pencil D. room ( ) 5. A. park B. zoo C. Yellow River D. lake 二、判断下列名词的类别,将序号填在对应横线上。 A. water B. family C. book D. happiness E. police F. milk G. student H. health 1.个体名词:__________ __________ 2.集体名词:__________ __________ 3.物质名词:__________ __________ 4.抽象名词:__________ __________ 一、选出每组中不同类的一项。 ( ) 1. A. the Great Wall B. Mount Tai C. park D. Spring Festival ( ) 2. A. rice B. bread C. milk D. apple ( ) 3. A. family B. class C. team D. boy ( ) 4. A. Monday B. July C. weekend D. Teachers' Day ( ) 5. A. time B. news C. homework D. pen 二、判断下列说法是否正确,正确写“T”,错误写“F”。 ( ) 1. 专有名词的首字母必须大写。 ( ) 2. “people”是个体名词,只能用单数形式。 ( ) 3. “water”是不可数名词,不能直接说“two waters”。 ( ) 4. “homework”是可数名词,复数形式为homeworks。 ( ) 5. “family”强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式。 考点二 可数名词的复数变化(山东核心高频考点) 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,复数变化分为规则变化、不规则变化和复合名词变化三大类,是山东地区单项选择、词汇运用题的必考核心考点。 一、规则变化 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 山东高频易错点提醒 一般情况 直接在词尾加 -s book→books, pen→pens, cat→cats, desk→desks, apple→apples 清辅音后读/s/,浊辅音/元音后读/z/ 以s/x/ch/sh结尾 词尾加 -es bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches, brush→brushes, dish→dishes 读音为/ɪz/; 例外:stomach→stomachs(ch读/k/,不加es) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾 变y为i,再加 -es baby→babies, family→families, city→cities, story→stories, party→parties “元音字母+y”结尾,直接加-s: boy→boys, toy→toys, day→days, monkey→monkeys 以f/fe结尾 变f/fe为v,再加 -es knife→knives, leaf→leaves, wife→wives, shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves 例外(直接加-s):roof→roofs, chief→chiefs, proof→proofs 以o结尾 ① 有生命的名词,加 -es ② 无生命的名词,加 -s ① 有生命:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes, hero→heroes ② 无生命:photo→photos, piano→pianos, zoo→zoos, radio→radios 山东地区高频例外:kangaroo→kangaroos, bamboo→bamboos(有生命但加-s) 二、不规则变化 变化类型 核心规则 高频例词 单复数同形 单词单复数形式完全一致 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, fish→fish(表条数), Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese 变元音字母 改变单词内部元音字母 man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese 词尾加-en/-ren 特殊词尾变形 child→children, ox→oxen 完全不规则 无固定规律,需单独记忆 mouse→mice, person→people 三、复合名词复数变化规则 复合名词类型 变化规则 高频例词 含man/woman的复合名词 前后两个单词都变复数 man teacher→men teachers, woman doctor→women doctors, man driver→men drivers 不含man/woman的复合名词 只把结尾的主体名词变复数 apple tree→apple trees, book shop→book shops, pencil box→pencil boxes, girl student→girl students 无主体名词的复合名词 在最后一个词尾加-s go-between→go-betweens, grown-up→grown-ups 核心记忆口诀 名词单数变复数,规则变化有门路; 一般直接加-s,s/x/ch/sh加-es; 辅音+y变i-es,元音+y直接加; f/fe变v加-es,有生命o加-es; 不规则变化特殊记,男女脚牙鹅孩子; 单复同形中日羊鱼鹿,复合名词分清楚。 一、写出下列可数名词的复数形式。 1.box __________ 2. baby __________ 3. tomato __________ 4.knife __________ 5. man teacher __________ 6. child __________ 7.sheep __________ 8. foot __________ 9. apple tree __________ 10.city ________ 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There are three ______ in the classroom. A. boy B. boies C. boys D. boyes ( ) 2. How many ______ are there on the farm? A. sheep B. sheeps C. sheepes D. sheep's ( ) 3. My mother buys two ______ and some ______ in the supermarket. A. potato; egg B. potatoes; eggs C. potatos; eggs D. potatoes; egg ( ) 4. There are five ______ in the hospital. A. woman doctor B. women doctor C. woman doctors D. women doctors ( ) 5. The ______ are playing football on the playground. A. child B. childs C. children D. childrens 一、改正下列句子中名词复数的错误。 1.He has five knife. → _____________________________________________________________ 2.There are many peoples in the park. → ______________________________________________ 3.I like eating tomatos very much. → _________________________________________________ 4.There are two apple treeses in the yard. → ____________________________________________ 5.I have three pen and four book. → __________________________________________________ 二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。 1.There are many ______ (bus) on the street. 2.How many ______ (class) do you have every day? 3.The two ______ (family) are good friends. 4.There are some ______ (leaf) on the ground in autumn. 5.I see two ______ (mouse) in the kitchen. 考点三 不可数名词的核心用法&易错点 不可数名词无法按个数直接计算,无复数形式,不能直接与不定冠词a/an、数词连用,是山东地区词汇运用、句型转换题的高频易错点。 一、小学阶段高频不可数名词分类(山东必考) 分类 山东地区高频例词 液体类 water, milk, tea, juice, coffee, soup, rain, blood 食品类 rice, bread, meat, pork, beef, chicken(鸡肉), food, fruit, butter, cheese 材料类 paper, wood, cotton, glass, gold, silk 抽象名词类 time, news, homework, housework, work, fun, weather, health, happiness, love, friendship, knowledge 自然现象类 snow, wind, rain, ice, sunshine, air 其他 money, music, traffic, furniture, equipment 二、不可数名词的数量表达(山东地区核心考点) 不可数名词表具体数量时,必须借助“数词+量词+of”结构,量词可数,数词大于1时,量词变复数,不可数名词不变形。 结构 高频例句 a+量词单数+of+不可数名词 a cup of tea(一杯茶)、a piece of paper(一张纸)、a bottle of milk(一瓶牛奶)、a bowl of rice(一碗米饭) 数词(≥2)+量词复数+of+不可数名词 two glasses of water(两杯水)、three pieces of bread(三片面包)、four bottles of juice(四瓶果汁) 不定数量修饰 some/any/much/a lot of/lots of/a little/little+不可数名词 例:There is some milk in the bottle.(瓶子里有一些牛奶) 三、不可数名词的核心用法&易错点 主谓一致:不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 例:The water is clean.(水是干净的) 例:Some bread is on the plate.(盘子里有一些面包) 冠词用法:不可数名词前不能直接加a/an,表泛指时不加the,表特指时可加the。 例:I like music.(我喜欢音乐,泛指) 例:The music in the film is very beautiful.(这部电影里的音乐很好听,特指) 易错提醒:不可数名词没有复数形式,不能在词尾加-s/es。 错误:homeworks、waters、breads;正确:homework、water、bread many/few/a few只能修饰可数名词复数,much/little/a little只能修饰不可数名词,a lot of/lots of/some/any两者均可修饰。 一、选出下列句子中不可数名词用法正确的一项。 ( ) 1. A. I have two breads for breakfast. B. There is some milk in the bottle. C. She drinks three waters every day. D. We have many homeworks to do. ( ) 2. A. There are two teas in the cup. B. I want a rice for lunch. C. Can you give me a piece of paper? D. The news are very exciting. ( ) 3. A. How many water is there in the glass? B. How much apples do you have? C. There is many rain in summer. D. There is a little time left. ( ) 4. A. I'd like two cup of coffee. B. I'd like two cups of coffee. C. I'd like two cup of coffees. D. I'd like two cups of coffees. ( ) 5. A. The weather in Jinan is nice. B. The weathers in Jinan is nice. C. The weather in Jinan are nice. D. The weathers in Jinan are nice. 二、用适当的量词填空(a cup of/a piece of/a bowl of/a bottle of)。 1.__________ rice 2. __________ water 3. __________ paper 4.__________ juice 5. __________ news 一、改正下列句子中不可数名词的用法错误。 1.She eats a rice for lunch. → ________________________________________________________ 2.We have many time to finish the work. → _____________________________________________ 3.There are two milk in the glass. → ___________________________________________________ 4.Can you give me two piece of bread? → ______________________________________________ 5.The homeworks are very difficult. → _________________________________________________ 二、用some/much/a little/many填空。 1.There is __________ water in the glass.(一点水) 2.I have __________ books, but I have __________ homework to do.(许多书,很多作业) 3.How __________ students are there in your class? 4.How __________ milk is there in the bottle? 5.There is __________ food in the fridge. We don't need to buy any.(一些) 考点四 名词所有格(山东必考高频考点) 名词所有格表示名词之间的“所属关系”,意为“……的”,分为's所有格、of所有格、并列名词所有格和双重所有格四大类,是山东地区单项选择、词汇运用题的必考知识点。 一、's所有格(多用于有生命的名词,山东核心考点) 所有格类型 核心变化规则 高频例词 单数名词 直接在词尾加 's Tom's book(汤姆的书)、my mother's bag(我妈妈的包)、the girl's room(女孩的房间) 以s结尾的复数名词 直接在词尾加 ' the students' classroom(学生们的教室)、the boys' football(男孩们的足球)、Teachers' Day(教师节) 不以s结尾的不规则复数名词 在词尾加 's Children's Day(儿童节)、Women's Day(妇女节)、men's room(男卫生间) 以s结尾的单数专有名词 可加 's 或只加 ' Jones's book / Jones' book(琼斯的书)、Lu Xun's works(鲁迅的作品) 二、of所有格(多用于无生命的名词) 核心用法 结构 高频例词 表示无生命事物的所属关系 名词+of+名词 the door of the room(房间的门)、a map of China(一张中国地图)、the window of the house(房子的窗户)、the name of the dog(狗的名字) 修饰词过长时,避免头重脚轻 of结构 the story of the great hero(这位伟大英雄的故事) 三、并列名词所有格(山东高频易错考点) 所属类型 核心规则 高频例词 共同所有(两人/多人共同拥有同一事物) 只在最后一个名词后加's Tom and Lucy's room(汤姆和露西的房间,两人共用一个房间) 分别所有(两人/多人各自拥有不同事物) 每个名词后都加's Tom's and Lucy's rooms(汤姆的房间和露西的房间,两人各自的房间) 四、双重所有格(山东拓展考点) 核心结构:of + 名词's / 名词性物主代词,表示“……中的一个/一部分” 高频例句: a friend of my father's(我爸爸的一个朋友) a photo of mine(我的一张照片) 用法提示:双重所有格修饰的名词前,通常有a/an/some/any/数词等修饰,不能用the修饰。 一、写出下列名词的所有格形式。 1.Lily __________ 2. the students __________ 3. children __________ 4.Tom and Jim(共同所有)__________ 5. Lucy and Lily(分别所有)__________ 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. This is ______ bedroom. It's very clean. A. Lily's and Lucy's B. Lily and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy ( ) 2. ______ Day is on September 10th. A. Teacher's B. Teachers' C. Teachers D. Teacher ( ) 3. This is a photo ______ my family. A. of B. for C. with D. at ( ) 4. The ______ room is next to the classroom. A. teachers B. teacher's C. teachers's D. teacher ( ) 5. This is ______ pen. A. my brother B. my brothers C. my brother's D. my brothers's 一、改正下列句子中所有格的用法错误。 1.This is Tom's and Jim's book. → _____________________________________________________ 2.Today is Womens' Day. → _________________________________________________________ 3.The door of the room's is broken. → __________________________________________________ 4.He is a friend of my father. → _______________________________________________________ 5.The student's desks are new. → ______________________________________________________ 二、用适当的所有格形式('s/of)填空。 1.the name ______ the cat 2.______ (Li Ming) mother is a doctor. 3.the window ______ the house 4.______ (Children) Day is on June 1st. 5.This is a picture ______ my school. 考点五 高频易混名词辨析(核心难点考点) 易混名词辨析是山东小升初完形填空、单项选择的核心难点。 易混名词组 核心区别&用法 山东地区高频例句 family / home / house family:强调“家庭成员”,不强调住房; home:强调“家、家乡”,带情感色彩,指居住的环境; house:强调“房子、住宅”,指具体的建筑物 My family are very kind.(我的家人都很友善) This is my warm home.(这是我温暖的家) We live in a big house.(我们住在一个大房子里) job / work job:可数名词,指具体的“职业、工作”,侧重职位; work:不可数名词,指抽象的“工作、劳动”,也可作动词 He has a good job as a teacher.(他有一份教师的好工作) My father goes to work every day.(我爸爸每天去上班) problem / question problem:指需要“解决”的难题、困难,搭配solve; question:指需要“回答”的问题,搭配ask/answer I can answer this question, but I can't solve this math problem.(我能回答这个问题,但解不出这道数学难题) voice / noise / sound voice:指人的“嗓音、说话声、歌声”; noise:指“噪音、喧闹声”,带贬义; sound:泛指自然界的一切“声音” Her beautiful voice made me calm.(她动听的嗓音让我平静) The big noise made me angry.(巨大的噪音让我生气) We can hear the sound of the wind.(我们能听到风声) class / lesson class:侧重“班级、课堂、一节课的时间”,强调整体; lesson:侧重“课程、课文、知识点”,强调具体内容 We have four classes in the morning.(我们早上有四节课) We are learning Lesson 2 today.(我们今天学第二课) street / road street:指城市里的街道,两侧有建筑物、商店; road:指公路、马路,连接两地的通道 There are many shops on this street.(这条街上有很多商店) It's a long road from Jinan to Qingdao.(从济南到青岛是一条很长的公路) trip / travel / journey trip:短途旅行,短期出行; travel:泛指旅行、游历,不可数名词; journey:长途陆地旅行,行程较长 We had a school trip last week.(我们上周有一次学校短途旅行) I like to travel around the world.(我喜欢环游世界) It's a long journey from Shandong to Beijing.(从山东到北京是一段长途旅程) news / message / information news:不可数名词,指“新闻、消息”,侧重官方发布; message:可数名词,指“口信、留言”,侧重个人传递; information:不可数名词,指“信息、资料”,侧重知识类内容 I watch the news every evening.(我每天晚上看新闻) Can you leave a message for me?(你能给我留个言吗? We can find a lot of information on the Internet.(我们能在网上找到很多信息) 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. My ______ are watching TV at home now. A. family B. home C. house D. families ( ) 2. My father has a new ______ in a big factory. A. work B. job C. works D. jobs ( ) 3. Can you answer my ______ about the text? A. problem B. problems C. question D. questions ( ) 4. Don't make any ______ in the library. A. sound B. voice C. noise D. sounds ( ) 5. I have a good ______ for you. Our class will have a trip tomorrow. A. news B. message C. information D. messages 二、选词填空,补全句子。 street road trip journey lesson class 1.We have a math ______ at 9 o'clock. 2.There are many trees on both sides of the ______. 3.We went on a ______ to the mountain last weekend. 4.It's a long ______ from Shandong to Xinjiang. 5.There is a bookstore on this ______. 一、判断下列句子中划线单词的用法是否正确,正确写“T”,错误写“F”。 ( ) 1. We live in a big family near the park. ( ) 2. My mother has many works to do every day. ( ) 3. The girl has a beautiful voice. ( ) 4. Can you give me some informations about the school? ( ) 5. We had a long trip from China to the UK. 二、用适当的单词填空,补全句子。 1.The ______ of the game is to help children learn teamwork.(problem/purpose) 2.I want to get some ______ about the train times.(information/news) 3.We have six ______ every day.(classes/lessons) 4.He left a ______ for me on the desk.(news/message) 5.My ______ is in the center of the city.(home/house) 考点六 名词题型解题技巧(山东地区专属) 结合山东地区考情,针对名词的四大核心题型,总结专属解题技巧,帮助学生快速提分,规避易错点。 一、单项选择题解题技巧 1.名词分类排除法:先看选项,判断是考查可数/不可数、专有名词/普通名词,直接排除不符合用法的选项。 例:看到much,直接排除可数名词选项;看到many,直接排除不可数名词选项。 2.复数变形验证法:考查名词复数时,先回忆变形规则,排除变形错误的选项,再结合语境锁定答案。 3.所有格规则锁定法:考查所有格时,先判断是有生命/无生命,锁定's/of结构;再看是共同所有/分别所有,直接锁定答案。 4.易混词语境分析法:考查易混名词辨析时,先读懂句子语境,抓住关键词,匹配名词的词义侧重点,锁定答案。 二、词汇运用题解题技巧 1.先定词性,再定形式:先根据句子结构,判断空格处需要名词,再看前面的修饰词: ○看到a/an/one/数词,判断用可数名词单数; ○看到many/some/any/数词≥2,判断用可数名词复数; ○看到much/some/any,判断用不可数名词(无变形)。 2.所有格判断法:空格后有名词,且表所属关系,直接判断用名词所有格形式。 3.主谓一致验证法:根据句子的谓语动词单复数,反推名词的单复数形式。 例:谓语动词是is,主语用不可数名词/可数名词单数;谓语动词是are,主语用可数名词复数。 三、句型转换题解题技巧 1.单复数互改技巧: 单数句改复数句:名词变复数,a/an去掉/变some/any,be动词is/am变are,动词三单变原形; 复数句改单数句:名词变单数,some/any变a/an,be动词are变is/am,动词原形变三单。 2.所有格转换技巧:同义句转换中,'s所有格和of所有格可相互转换(无生命名词)。 例:the door of the room = the room's door(较少用,优先of结构) 3.对名词提问技巧:对事物/人提问用what/who,对数量提问用how many(可数)/how much(不可数),对所属关系提问用whose。 四、完形填空名词解题技巧 1.先通读全文,把握语境:先跳过空格通读全文,了解文章主题、时态,避免断章取义选错名词。 2.上下文联动法:很多名词题的答案在上下文有原词复现、同义替换,结合前后文锁定答案。 3.固定搭配优先法:结合名词的固定搭配、介词搭配,直接锁定正确选项。 4.代入验证法:选完答案后,把名词代入原文,检查单复数、所有格、语义是否通顺。 一、单项选择,运用解题技巧选出正确答案。 ( ) 1. There are many ______ in the hospital. A. woman doctor B. women doctors C. woman doctors D. women doctor ( ) 2. —______ is the sweater? —It's 100 yuan. A. How many B. How much C. Whose D. What ( ) 3. There ______ some ______ in the bottle. A. is; water B. are; water C. is; waters D. are; waters ( ) 4. ______ mother is a nurse. A. Tom and Jim's B. Tom's and Jim's C. Tom and Jim D. Tom's and Jim ( ) 5. How many ______ are there in your school? A. class B. classes C. class's D. classes' 二、句型转换,按要求完成句子。 1.This is a box.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________________ 2.There is some milk in the glass.(改为否定句)____________________________________________________________ 3.This is Tom's book.(对划线部分提问)____________________________________________________________ 4.The girl is my sister.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________________ 5.I have three pens in my bag.(对划线部分提问)____________________________________________________________ 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.There are many ______ (tomato) in the basket. 2.This is ______ (Lily) new pen. 3.How many ______ (sheep) are there on the farm? 4.There is some ______ (bread) on the plate. 5.The ______ (child) are playing in the park. 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1. Which of the following is WRONG? A. There are two men teachers in the office. B. I have much homework to do. C. This is a photo of mine. D. There are many sheeps on the farm. ( ) 2. —______ book is this? —It's Lucy's. A. Who B. Whose C. What D. Which ( ) 3. I'd like two ______ of bread. A. piece B. pieces C. cup D. cups ( ) 4. The ______ office is over there. A. teachers' B. teacher's C. teachers D. teacher ( ) 5. There is ______ "h" and ______ "u" in the word "hour". A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There are three ______ and five ______ in the room. A. man; woman B. men; women C. mans; womans D. men; womans ( ) 2. I'm very hungry. Please give me ______. A. two bread B. two pieces of bread C. two pieces of breads D. two breads ( ) 3. This is ______ bedroom. They live in it together. A. Tom and Jim's B. Tom's and Jim's C. Tom and Jim D. Tom's and Jim ( ) 4. How many ______ are there in your class? A. student B. students C. student's D. students' ( ) 5. There ______ some ______ on the desk. A. is; paper B. are; paper C. is; papers D. are; papers ( ) 6. ______ Day is on June 1st. A. Children's B. Childrens' C. Children D. Child's ( ) 7. We can see many ______ on the mountain. A. tree B. trees C. tree's D. trees' ( ) 8. My mother bought two ______ and three ______ yesterday. A. knife; tomato B. knives; tomatoes C. knifes; tomatos D. knives; tomatos ( ) 9. This is a map ______ Shandong. A. in B. on C. of D. for ( ) 10. There are many ______ in the street. A. bus B. buss C. buses D. bus's ( ) 11. My father is a doctor. He works in a big ______. A. hospital B. school C. factory D. farm ( ) 12. —What's your father's ______? —He is a driver. A. name B. job C. work D. address ( ) 13. There is ______ water in the bottle. You can drink it. A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ( ) 14. He is a friend of ______. A. my B. me C. I D. mine ( ) 15. The ______ of the story is very interesting. A. name B. news C. message D. information 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.There are many ______ (potato) in the kitchen. 2.This is ______ (Tom) new bike. 3.How many ______ (class) do you have every day? 4.There are some ______ (child) in the park. 5.The ______ (woman) teachers are having a meeting. 6.There is some ______ (milk) in the glass. 7.I have two new ______ (dictionary) on my desk. 8.September 10th is ______ (teacher) Day. 9.There are many beautiful ______ (flower) in the garden. 10.Can you give me two ______ (piece) of paper? 三、按要求完成下列各题。 1.写出下列名词的复数形式。 (1) orange __________ (2) box __________ (3) woman __________ (4) tomato __________ (5) sheep __________ (6) child __________ (7) knife __________ (8) family __________ (9) photo __________ (10) man teacher __________ 2.写出下列名词的所有格形式。 (1) Miss Liu __________ (2) the boys __________ (3) my father __________ (4) children __________ (5) Lucy and Lily(共同所有)__________ 3.改正下列句子中的错误。 (1) There are five box on the desk. → ____________________________________________________________ (2) She drinks two glass of juice every day. → ____________________________________________________________ (3) This is Tom's and Jim's room. → ____________________________________________________________ (4) I have many homework to do. → ____________________________________________________________ (5) The childs are playing games. → ____________________________________________________________ 4.句型转换,按要求改写句子。 (1) This is a girl.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________________ (2) There is some rice in the bowl.(改为否定句)____________________________________________________________ (3) This is my mother's dress.(对划线部分提问)____________________________________________________________ (4) There are ten trees in the yard.(对划线部分提问)____________________________________________________________ (5) I have a new pen.(改为复数句)____________________________________________________________ 5.选词填空,补全短文。 family home house job work news message information My name is Li Ming. I live in Jinan, Shandong. My ______ is near the park. It's a big ______ with three bedrooms. There are four people in my ______. My father's ______ is a doctor. He goes to ______ every day. My mother is a teacher. Today I have a good ______ for my parents: we will have a school trip next week. My mother left a ______ for my father this morning. We can get a lot of ______ about the trip on the school website. 四、阅读理解。 My name is Zhang Hua. I live in Qingdao, Shandong. There are three people in my family: my father, my mother and I. My father is a policeman. He works in a police station. He likes his job very much. My mother is a nurse. She works in a big hospital. She is very kind to the patients. I am a student in Grade Six. I will go to middle school soon. I have many hobbies. I like reading books and playing basketball. On weekends, we often go to the beach. There are many beautiful shells on the beach. We usually have a good time there. Sometimes we visit my grandparents. They live in a small village near Mount Lao. There are some chickens and ducks on their farm. I like playing with the animals there. ( ) 1. Zhang Hua lives in ______. A. Jinan B. Qingdao C. Yantai D. Weifang ( ) 2. Zhang Hua's father is a ______. A. doctor B. teacher C. policeman D. driver ( ) 3. There are ______ people in Zhang Hua's family. A. two B. three C. four D. five ( ) 4. Zhang Hua likes ______. A. reading and swimming B. reading and playing basketball C. swimming and playing basketball D. singing and dancing ( ) 5. There are some ______ on Zhang Hua's grandparents' farm. A. sheep B. cows C. chickens and ducks D. horses 答案与解析 考点一 考点再现: 一、1. C 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. C 二、1. C G 2. B E 3. A F 4. D H 过关训练: 一、1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D 二、1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 考点二 考点再现: 一、1. boxes 2. babies 3. tomatoes 4. knives 5. men teachers 6. children 7. sheep 8. feet 9. apple trees 10. cities 二、1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 过关训练: 一、1. knife→knives 2. peoples→people 3. tomatos→tomatoes 4. apple treeses→apple trees 5. pen→pens; book→books 二、1. buses 2. classes 3. families 4. leaves 5. mice 考点三 考点再现: 一、1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 二、1. a bowl of 2. a bottle of 3. a piece of 4. a bottle of 5. a piece of 过关训练: 一、1. a rice→some rice/a bowl of rice 2. many→much 3. two milk→two bottles of milk 4. piece→pieces 5. homeworks are→homework is 二、1. a little 2. many; much 3. many 4. much 5. some 考点四 考点再现: 一、1. Lily's 2. the students' 3. children's 4. Tom and Jim's 5. Lucy's and Lily's 二、1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 过关训练: 一、1. Tom's and Jim's→Tom and Jim's 2. Womens'→Women's 3. the room's→the room 4. my father→my father's 5. student's→students' 二、1. of 2. Li Ming's 3. of 4. Children's 5. of 考点五 考点再现: 一、1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 二、1. class/lesson 2. road/street 3. trip 4. journey 5. street 过关训练: 一、1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 二、1. purpose 2. information 3. classes/lessons 4. message 5. house/home 考点六 考点再现: 一、1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 二、1. These are boxes. 2.There isn't any milk in the glass. 3.Whose book is this? 4.The girls are my sisters. 5.How many pens do you have in your bag? 过关训练: 一、1. tomatoes 2. Lily's 3. sheep 4. bread 5. children 二、1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 一、单项选择。 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.A 1.解析:考查复合名词复数变化,man/woman修饰名词时,前后都要变复数,man→men,woman→women,因此选B。 2.解析:考查不可数名词数量表达,bread是不可数名词,不能直接加数词,需用量词piece,两片面包用two pieces of bread,因此选B。 3.解析:考查并列名词所有格,共同拥有同一事物,只在最后一个名词后加's,因此选A。 4.解析:How many后接可数名词复数,student的复数是students,因此选B。 5.解析:paper表示“纸”时是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数is,因此选A。 6.解析:考查名词所有格,Children's Day 儿童节,children是不以s结尾的复数名词,所有格加's,因此选A。 7.解析:many后接可数名词复数,tree的复数是trees,因此选B。 8.解析:考查名词复数变化,knife的复数是knives,tomato的复数是tomatoes,因此选B。 9.解析:考查of所有格,a map of Shandong 一张山东地图,固定搭配,因此选C。 10.解析:bus的复数形式是buses,以s结尾加es,因此选C。 11.解析:考查名词词义辨析,doctor医生,工作地点是hospital医院,因此选A。 12.解析:考查易混名词辨析,答句是职业,job是可数名词,表具体职业,work不可数,因此选B。 13.解析:water是不可数名词,排除few/a few;句意为“可以喝”,表肯定用a little,little表否定“几乎没有”,因此选B。 14.解析:考查双重所有格,a friend of mine 我的一个朋友,of后接名词性物主代词mine,因此选D。 15.解析:考查名词词义辨析,句意为“这个故事的名字很有趣”,name名字,符合句意,因此选A。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.potatoes 2.Tom's 3.classes 4.children 5.women 6.milk 7.dictionaries 8.Teachers' 9.flowers 10.pieces 【解析】 1.解析:many后接可数名词复数,potato的复数是potatoes。 2.解析:表所属关系,用名词所有格Tom's。 3.解析:How many后接可数名词复数,class的复数是classes。 4.解析:be动词是are,主语用复数,child的复数是children。 5.解析:复合名词复数,woman teacher的复数是women teachers。 6.解析:milk是不可数名词,无变形。 7.解析:two后接可数名词复数,dictionary的复数是dictionaries。 8.解析:Teachers' Day 教师节,固定所有格形式。 9.解析:many后接可数名词复数,flower的复数是flowers。 10.解析:two后接量词复数,piece的复数是pieces。 三、按要求完成下列各题。 1.写出下列名词的复数形式。 (1) oranges (2) boxes (3) women (4) tomatoes (5) sheep (6) children (7) knives (8) families (9) photos (10) men teachers 【解析】 (1) 解析:orange 属于一般情况的可数名词,复数直接在词尾加 - s,符合 “一般情况直接加 - s” 的基础变形规则。 (2) 解析:box 以 x 结尾,符合 “以 s/x/ch/sh 结尾的单词,词尾加 - es” 的规则,因此变形为 boxes。 (3) 解析:woman 是小升初必考不规则变化名词,属于 “变内部元音字母” 的特殊变形,复数固定为 women,同类变形还有 man→men。 (4) 解析:tomato 是有生命的以 o 结尾的名词,符合 “有生命加 - es,无生命加 - s” 的规则,因此复数为 tomatoes。 (5) 解析:sheep 属于单复数同形的特殊名词,单复数形式完全一致,无需额外变形,是山东小升初高频易错点。 (6) 解析:child 是不规则变化名词,复数为特殊变形 children,属于词尾加 - ren 的固定规则,为必考知识点。 (7) 解析:knife 以 fe 结尾,符合 “以 f/fe 结尾,变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es” 的规则,因此变形为 knives。 (8) 解析:family 以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾,符合 “辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - es” 的规则,因此变形为 families。 (9) 解析:photo 是无生命的以 o 结尾的名词,符合 “无生命加 - s” 的规则,直接加 - s 变为 photos,无需加 - es,是高频易错点。 (10) 解析:本题考查复合名词复数变化,含 man/woman 的复合名词,变复数时前后两个单词都要变复数,man→men,teacher→teachers,因此变形为 men teachers。 2.写出下列名词的所有格形式。 (1) Miss Liu's (2) the boys' (3) my father's (4) children's (5) Lucy and Lily's 【解析】 (1) 解析:Miss Liu 是单数名词,单数名词的所有格直接在词尾加's,表 “刘老师的”,因此填 Miss Liu's。 (2) 解析:the boys 是以 s 结尾的复数名词,符合 “以 s 结尾的复数名词,所有格直接在词尾加 '” 的规则,无需重复加 s,因此填 the boys'。 (3) 解析:my father 是单数名词,单数名词表所属关系,直接在词尾加's,因此填 my father's。 (4) 解析:children 是不以 s 结尾的不规则复数名词,所有格需要直接在词尾加's,因此填 children's,同类考点还有 Women's Day、Children's Day。 (5) 解析:本题考查并列名词所有格,标注 “共同所有”,表示两人共同拥有同一事物,只需要在最后一个名词后加's 即可,因此填 Lucy and Lily's。 3.改正下列句子中的错误。 (1) There are five boxes on the desk. (2) She drinks two glasses of juice every day. (3) This is Tom and Jim's room. (4) I have much homework to do. (5) The children are playing games. 【解析】 (1) 解析:改正为 There are five boxes on the desk。five(五)是大于 1 的数词,后接可数名词复数;box 以 x 结尾,复数形式为 boxes,考点对应可数名词复数规则变化。 (2) 解析:改正为 She drinks two glasses of juice every day。juice 是不可数名词,表数量需借助量词 glass;two(两杯)后量词要变复数,glass 的复数是 glasses,考点对应不可数名词的数量表达规则。 (3) 解析:改正为 This is Tom and Jim's room。句中 room 是单数,说明是 Tom 和 Jim 共同拥有的房间;并列名词表共同所有,只需要在最后一个名词后加's,分别所有才需要两个名词都加's,考点对应并列名词所有格规则。 (4) 解析:改正为 I have much homework to do。homework 是不可数名词,many 只能修饰可数名词复数,修饰不可数名词要用 much,考点对应可数 / 不可数名词的修饰词用法。 (5) 解析:改正为 The children are playing games。child 的复数是不规则特殊变形 children,不是 childs;句中 be 动词 are 也对应主语要用复数形式,考点对应可数名词复数不规则变化。 4.写出下列名词的复数形式。 (1) These are girls. (2) There isn't any rice in the bowl. (3) Whose dress is this? (4) How many trees are there in the yard? (5) We have some new pens. 【解析】 (1) 解析:改为 These are girls。单数句改复数句,需把对应单词全部变为复数形式:指示代词 This→These,be 动词 is→are,单数名词 a girl→复数 girls,考点对应名词单复数变化与主谓一致规则。 (2) 解析:改为 There isn't any rice in the bowl。there be 句型变否定句,直接在 be 动词后加 not,is not 缩写为 isn't;同时 some 用于肯定句,否定句 / 疑问句中要变为 any,rice 是不可数名词,无需变形,考点对应不可数名词的用法与 there be 句型转换规则。 (3) 解析:改为 Whose dress is this?。划线部分 my mother's 表所属关系,对 “谁的” 提问要用特殊疑问词 Whose,后接名词 dress,再跟一般疑问句语序,考点对应名词所有格的提问规则。 (4) 解析:改为 How many trees are there in the yard?。划线部分 ten 是数词,对可数名词的数量提问要用 How many,后接可数名词复数 trees,再跟一般疑问句语序 are there,考点对应可数名词数量的提问规则。 (5) 解析:改为 We have some new pens。单数句改复数句,对应单词变复数:人称代词 I→We,单数名词 a new pen→复数 some new pens,谓语动词 have 保持原形,考点对应名词单复数变化规则。 5.选词填空补全短文。 home; house; family; job; work; news; message; information 【解析】 1.第一空填 home:home 强调 “家、居住的环境”,带情感色彩,句意为 “我的家在公园附近”,区别于 house(具体建筑物)。 2.第二空填 house:house 强调 “具体的房子、住宅”,句意为 “这是一个有三间卧室的大房子”,对应建筑物的含义。 3.第三空填 family:family 强调 “家庭成员、家庭”,句意为 “我的家里有四口人”,对应集体名词 family 的用法。 4.第四空填 job:job 是可数名词,表具体的 “职业、职位”,句意为 “我爸爸的职业是一名医生”,对应易混词 job/work 的辨析考点。 5.第五空填 work:go to work 是固定短语,意为 “去上班”,work 是不可数名词,表抽象的 “工作、劳动”。 6.第六空填 news:news 是不可数名词,意为 “消息”,句意为 “今天我有一个好消息要告诉父母”,对应 news/message/information 的辨析考点。 7.第七空填 message:message 是可数名词,意为 “口信、留言”,leave a message 是固定短语,意为 “留言”。 8.第八空填 information:information 是不可数名词,意为 “信息、资料”,句意为 “我们可以在学校网站上找到很多关于这次旅行的信息”。 四、阅读理解。 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.C 【解析】 1.解析:由文中“I live in Qingdao, Shandong.”可知,选B。 2.解析:由文中“My father is a policeman.”可知,选C。 3.解析:由文中“There are three people in my family”可知,选B。 4.解析:由文中“I like reading books and playing basketball.”可知,选B。 5.解析:由文中“There are some chickens and ducks on their farm.”可知,选C。 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题05 名词(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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专题05 名词(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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专题05 名词(知识清单)-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测(山东专版)
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