Unit 5 The Value of Money Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 5 The Value of Money Discovering Useful Structures 新人教版必修第三册 By the end of this unit, you will be able to: 1. Master the basic usage and functional meanings of common modal verbs in English. 2. Grasp the structure and application scenarios of the past future tense accurately. 3. Use modal verbs and the past future tense properly to make logical and coherent sentences. Learning objectives: Lead-in Look at the words in red. What kinds of words are they? Why does the speaker use these words? May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are? I can’t say that I have any plans. You mustn’t worry about that. Could you offer me work here? modal verbs The function of modal verbs is to express modality (feelings and attitude). 1.加黑处1所用时态为 2.加黑处2表示 3.加黑处3表示 4.加黑处4表示 5.加黑处5表示 语境体验 Three years ago, when the College EntranceExamination 1. would come in three months, I was under great pressure.Once, because I stayed up late at night, I 2. should fall asleep in class. My parents 3. would comfort me when I didn‘t do well in the exam.Gradually, I 4. could adjust myself. When I went into the examination room, my mother cheered me on. She said, “5. May you succeed, boy!” 过去将来时 推测 习惯发生的动作 能力,意为“能够” 祝愿 我的发现 Modal verbs 情态动词 Grammar Definition 情态动词 情态动词(modal verbs),本身有一定词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的词。表示可能、怀疑、允诺、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词,用来给谓语动词增添情感,态度,语气等色彩。 无人称和数的变化,情态动词不能单独作谓语, 只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。只能与行为动词或状态动词的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词:can (could), may (might), must, have to (had to), ought to, shall (should), will (would). 半情态动词(既有情态动词特征,又有实义动词特征的称为半情态动词):dare, need, used to, had better, would rather. 情态动词的词义 can / could 能;能够;可能 will / would 愿意;决心 may / might 可以;允许 dare 敢 must 必须;一定 need 需要 have to (had to) 必须;不得不 used to 过去常常 ought to 应当 had better 最好 shall 可;必将 would rather 宁愿 should 应该 常见情态动词 & 其缩略形式 情态动词 否定缩略形式 can could couldn't may mayn’t might mightn’t shall should shouldn’t ought to oughtn’t to 情态动词 否定缩略形式 had better must mustn’t have to will would wouldn’t dare daren’t need needn’t can't shan't had better not won't don’t/doesn’t have to A. ability or will(能力或意愿) B. Necessity必要性 C. making suggestions(建议) D. certainty or inference(可能性或推断) E. Request请求 F. obligations or expectations(义务或预期) can(could更委婉) may(might更委婉) must must/ought to should/ought to had better will/would would may can need have to(客观)/must(主观) Modal verbs 1.只作情态动词的:can/could, may/might, ought to, must 2. 可情态可实义的: need, dare 3. 可情态可助动词的: shall/should, will/would 4. 相当于情态动词的: have to, had better, used to 情态动词的分类 1. You needn’t try it if you don’t want to. 2. The man can speak two foreign languages. 3. The poor boy had to face the problem bravely. 情态动词表示说话人的情感和态度,_独立作谓语,必须和_一起构成谓语,没有人称和数的变化,具有助动词功能。 不能 情态动词 (Modal verb) 动词原形 情态动词的定义 情态动词 用法 例句 can / could 表示能力,意为“能,会”。can表示现在一般的能力,could表示过去一般的能力。 I can speak English. 我会说英语。 She could swim at the age of five. 她五岁就会游泳。 提出建议,意为“可以”。 We can eat at a restaurant, if you like. 表示推测,常用于疑问句和否定句中,can’t/couldn’t表示“不可能”。 That can’t be Mary — she has gone to school. 表示请求和许可(could 比can更加委婉,回答时一般用can)。 - Can/Could I borrow your bike? - Yes, you can. 表示推测,can用于肯定的陈述句中,表示客观可能性,意为“有时会,可能”。 With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. Can的其他用法 1). can’t be/行为动词+比较级 再没有比…更…的了 2).can’t +动词原形+too…/,,,enough 再…也不为过” 3) can’t+help+doing sth 禁不住做某事 It cannot be better to have such a nice audience like you. When it comes to driving a car, you cannot be too careful. On hearing the funny story, we can't help laughing. [巧学助记】口诀记忆 can/could表能力和可以, 否定、疑问(在否定句及疑问句中)表猜疑。 could为can的过去式, 语气比can更客气 二. 用法 表能力: can/could与be able to的区别 1. The man can/could speak two foreign languages. 2. Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. can/could表示_,而be able to通常表示通过一番努力最终达成的_,相当于managed to do sth / succeeded in doing sth can/could 主要是一般现在、一般过去时, 而be able to有较为丰富的时态变化。 习惯性具备的能力 一次性的能力 情态动词 用法 例句 may / might 1. may和might在肯定句中表示允许、许可和请求,意为“可以”。might为may的过去式。2. 在疑问句中, might可以代替may, might语气更加委婉,表示委婉的请求、礼貌的建议或批评。给予肯定回答时用may,不用might。 You may leave now. 你现在可以离开了。 — May/Might I watch TV after supper? — Yes, you may/can. / No, you can not/mustn’t. may/might表示把握不大的推测,意为“可能,或许”。通常用于肯定句和否定句中。might语气更加不确定 She may be at home today. 她今天可能在家。 It may rain this afternoon. 下午可能下雨。 may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。 may+主语+动词原形 May you have a good time! 祝你玩得开心! 特殊常用句式 may/might as well do sth “不妨,还是...为好” eg: It’s cold outside. We may as well stay at home. 情态动词 用法 例句 must 1.表示义务、命令、需要等,意为“必须”,更强调说话人的主观态度(自己认为必须)。 2. 否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不许,禁止”; 3. 对以must开头的一般疑问句进行否定回答时,应用don’t have to / needn’t(不必,没必要)。 4. must 反问:肯定句:mustn't + 主语?含 must 表 “必须”: You must finish your homework today.(我要求你必须) — Must I do homework now? 我必须现在写作业吗? — Yes, you must. 是的,必须。 — No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不,不必。( 绝对不能用 mustn't) You must go, mustn't you? 1. 表示肯定的推测,意为“一定”。只用于肯定句。 2. 若用于否定句或疑问句,则用can’t: “一定不是”“不可能是” The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 路面是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。 That can't be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem. have to 表示外界客观需要,意为“不得不,必须”,强调客观上的必要性。 有人称时态变化:have/has/had to It is raining, so I have to stay at home.(客观天气) 情态动词 用法 例句 shall 表示征求对方的意见或向对方请示,用于主语是第一或第三人称的疑问句中。 Shall we go now? 我们现在走好吗? 表示说话人的命令、警告、许诺、威胁、规定或法律效力等,用于主语是第二或第三人称的陈述句中。 You shall obey the rules. 你必须遵守规则。 情态动词 用法 例句 should / ought to 1. 两者都表示责任、义务或需要,意为“应该,应当”;ought to语气更强。 We should/ought to help old people. 我们应该帮助老人。 表示劝诫或建议 You should go to bed early. 你应该早睡。 You should/ought to try your best to better your performance. 表示说话人根据一定的情况作出推测,意为“(按道理)应该会,可能”。 He should be at school now. 他现在按理应该在校。 should表示惊讶、意外或不应该发生的事,意为“竟然”。 It's strange that he should come so late. (1) You as well walk outside with your friends or take some exercise. (2) we go there together this Friday atternoon? (3) you have a pleasant journey home and welcome to China again. (4) I've found that playing the game does me too much harm and I change this. (5) He has realised that he be responsible for not only himself, but also the society. (6) you please be kind enough to tell me something about that? 「即时演练]用适当的情态动词填空 Shall may/might May would must should 情态动词 用法 例句 will / would 表示征求意见或请求,常用于第二人称疑问句,would比will语气委婉。 Will/Would you please give me a hand? 表示习惯或倾向等。will用于表示一般的习惯;would用于描述过去的习惯或例行的活动,意为“总是,总会,常常”。 Fish will die without water. When I was a child, my mother would read me a story every night. 表示意愿或意志等,可用于各种人称。will意为“要,愿”;would用于过去的“愿意”。 I promise I will do my best to provide the best 表示推断,意为“想必,大概”,与must, should, ought to等表示推断时同义。 It’s 5 o’clock. Jack will be in Paris now. 五点了,想必杰克现在到巴黎了。 情态动词 用法 例句 need 情态动词 1) need用作情态动词多用在疑问句和否定句中,也可用于肯定句中,表示“需要”,没有时态和人称的变化。 肯定:need do sth 否定: need not do sth 2) 对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定回答时要用must,作否定回答时要用needn’t或don’t have to。 2. 作实义动词,有时态与人称的变化 肯定:need+n, need to do sth 否定: don’t/doesn’t/ didn’t need to do sth You needn't worry. 你不必担心。 — Need we do homework? 我们需要做作业吗? — No, you needn’t / don’t have to do homework. 不,不需要做作业。 I need to finish my work. I don’t need to finish my work. 情态动词 用法 例句 dare 作情态动词 1) dare作情态动词常用于疑问句、否定句及if,whether引导的条件状语从句中,表示“敢于,胆敢”,dare not do sth 不敢做某事 2) 没有人称变化,但有过去式。 2. 作实义动词, 有人称与时态的变化 肯定:dare to do sth 敢于做某事 否定:don’t / doesn’t / didn’t dare to do sth 不敢于做某事 Dare you tell her the truth? I daren’t speak in public. I dare not ask her this question. She dares to go alone. She doesn’t dare to go alone. She dares to speak loudly. (1)He go to the river nearby to fish on weekends when he was young. (2)Now we can do it through face recognition, which really saves time so that we wait in a queue. (3)I do what I can to help my friends. (4)I not tell her the truth. I’m afraid she will be angry with me. 「即时演练]用适当的情态动词填空 needn’t would will dare 情态动词 用法 例句 had better 1. had better表示“应该,最好”,表示提出建议、劝告或命令等,含有“应该做某事,有义务做某事”之意,一般适用于对晚辈、平辈。 2. 强烈建议 + 轻微警告,比 should 语气更重,暗含 “不做会有不好后果” 3.无人称和时态的变化。 肯定:had better do sth 否定: had better not do sth We’d better leave now or we’ll miss the bus. We had better take an umbrella.我们最好带把伞。 He had better not stay up late.他最好别熬夜。 You'd better finish your homework at once.你最好立刻写完作业。 情态动词 用法 例句 used to 意为“过去常常做”,表示过去的习惯动作或状态,暗指现在已不复如此。只有过去时,在间接引语中形式不变,不能表示现在或将来。 We used to go to the beach, but now we don’t. 我们过去常常去沙滩,但现在不常去了。 would rather 意为“宁愿”,没有词形变化,后接不带to的不定式,可表示“过去宁愿做了某事而实际上并未做成”。 I would rather watch TV than go to see the film. 我宁愿看电视而不愿去看电影。 三、情态动词表猜测意义的不同级别 might may could can should ought to would will must uncertain certain 二. 情态动词+have done 形式 含义 例句 Must have done 过去肯定做了 It must have rained last night, for the road was quite wet昨晚肯定下雨了,因为路面十分潮湿 Can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了 He couldn’t have known the decision, for no one told him.他一定不知道这个决定因为没人告诉他 Could have done 过去本来能做却没有做 You could have made greater progress, but you didn't try your best.你本能取得更大的进步,但是你并没有尽全力 May/might(not) have done 过去可能(没有)做过某事 You may have dropped it when you were shopping in the market.你或许是在市场买东西的时候把它弄掉了 Ought(not) to/should(not) have done 过去本应该做却做了/过去本不应该做却做了 We should have bought more groceries. Now there’s nothing to eat.我们本来应该多买点食品的。现在没什么可吃的了。 Needn’t have done 过去本不应该做而做了 You needn't have called him, for he had known the result.你本不必打电话给他,因为他已经知道结果了。 (1)那个测试很容易,他本应该通过的,但却没有。 That test was easy and he but he didn't. (2)作为本地人,你一定去过一些我们知之甚少的地方。 As a native, you some places that we know little about. (3)他或许从没听说过重阳节,但这实际上是我最喜欢的节日。 He Double Ninth Festival, but it is actually my favourite. (4)你本不必订票的,因为这几天动物园免费向公众开放。 You the ticket, for the zoo is open to the public free of charge these days. 「即时演练]完成句子 must have gone to should have passed it might not hear about needn’t have booked the future past tense 过去将来时 would do did had done do will do Definition 过去将来时 一、概述 过去将来时(the future past tense),表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。 the future past tense 过去将来时 二、基本结构: 1) would/should do 2) was/were going to do 3) was/were about to do 4) was/were to do 5) was/were doing was/were going to +动词原形过去计划、打算做某事(侧重事先计划、意图) 表示过去计划、安排要做的事 表示说话人根据当时的迹象推断即将发生的事 表示过去的打算或计划,但因外界干扰而中断,常有but出现,多用于非正式场合或口语中 I thought it was going to rain. 我想是要下雨了。 I was going to see Mr Brown the next day, but the appointment was cancelled. 我本打算第二天去看布朗先生的,但预 约被取消了。 would +动词原形 过去视角下的单纯将来 表示过去将要发生的事 表示意愿或承诺要做的事(用于宾语从句,主句是过去时,从句表达当时将要做的事。) 表示过去某个时期常见的情况或习惯性的动作 除用于口语外,多用于正式场合或书面语中 She was 6, and in 6 years she would be 12. 她现在六岁,六年后她十二岁。(将发生) He said he would come.他说他会来。(过去说,当时将要来,表示意愿) I knew it would rain.我知道天要下雨。 was/were about to do 1.表示即将发生的动作,“马上、正要做”,不与任何时间状语连用 I was about to leave when he called.我正要出门,他就打电话了。 was/were to do 过去表示按计划、安排或规定即将发生的动作。 The meeting was to start at 9:00.会议原定 9 点开始。 was/were doing come, go, leave, start, arrive... 等动词的过去进行时,表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作 I had just put on my overcoat and was leaving to visit a friend of mine.我刚穿上外套要去看我的一个朋友。 Structures the day after tomorrow two days later next week the next week tomorrow the next/following day tomorrow evening the next evening 一般将来时 过去将来时 will be/do would be/do am/is/are going to be/do was/were going to be/do...(but...) am/is/are about to do was/were about to do 过去的过去 过去 过去的将来 现在 (现在的)将来 had done did would do do will do 一般将来时和过去将来时的比较 过去将来时常与一些指向“过去将来”的时间状语连用,例如: the next day / week / month (第二天/周/月) the following day (第二天) soon (不久) later (后来) in + 一段时间 (在...之后) by then (到那时) 常见时间状语 (1)When I got to the spot, John (leave) and told me he was fine. (2) I wasn’t sure whether he (lend) me his book the next morning. (3) At that time he did not know that quitting (become) the job turning point in his life. (4) He said he (visit) China the next week. (5)In his introduction, he made it clear that our credit (be) hard-earned. [即时演练4]单句语法填空 was leaving would lend was to become was going to visit would be Discovering Useful Structures 新人教必修三 Unit 5 Thank You ! $