Unit 7 Space exploration 过去进行时-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（沪教版）

该初中英语单元复习学案以“Space exploration”为主题，聚焦过去进行时的系统复习，整体目标是帮助学生精准掌握其结构、时间标志及when/while用法。通过“语法梳理-专项突破-综合应用”的递进式任务设计，构建从基础到综合的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于语法模块的“典型例句与正误对比”及任务型阅读的主题融合设计，学生需完成太空探索相关语篇分析和语法应用练习，培养语言能力和思维品质。每部分均搭配使用注意事项和分层练习，既巩固基础又提升综合运用能力，为教师实施单元复习提供清晰的教学路径和多样化的评价工具。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 Space exploration（新教材沪教版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理过去进行时的结构、时间标志、when/while 用法及易混点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 I was watching TV at 8 last night.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 现在分词 I wasn’t watching TV at that time.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you watching TV then?（正确） 4. 特殊疑问 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing? What were you doing at that time?（正确） 二、时间标志 1. 过去时间点 at 3:00 yesterday；this time last Sunday He was sleeping at this time yesterday.（正确） 2. 连接词 when / while 引导过去时间背景的动作 三、when 用法 1. 搭配规则 主句（进行）+ when + 从句（短暂过去时） I was reading when the bell rang.（正确） 四、while 用法 1. 搭配规则 主从句都用过去进行时 I was reading while my mom was cooking.（正确） 五、易混区分 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 过去时：动作已完成；进行时：动作在进行 I watched TV.（看完）I was watching TV.（当时在看） 使用注意事项 1. 主语单数用 was，主语复数用 were，be 动词必须和主语保持一致。 例句：She was reading. They were reading.（正确） 2. 动词现在分词必须双写 / 去 e / 加 ing，拼写错误是高频考点。 例句：run→running；take→taking；do→doing（正确） 3. when 可接短暂性动词过去时，while 必须接延续性动词进行时。 例句：While I was walking, it rained.（正确） 4. 过去进行时强调过去某刻正在进行，不强调结果；一般过去时强调动作完成。 一、语法填空（10 题） 1. When I passed the lab at 10 o’clock yesterday morning, some students ________ (test) the new space model carefully. 答案：were testing 解析：句意：昨天上午 10 点我经过实验室时，一些学生正在仔细测试新的太空模型。at 10 o’clock yesterday 是过去具体时刻，用过去进行时，主语复数用 were testing。 2. My family ________ (watch) a documentary about space exploration while I ________ (draw) a spaceship at home last night. 答案：were watching; was drawing 解析：句意：昨晚我家人在看太空探索纪录片，而我在家画宇宙飞船。while 连接两个同时进行的过去动作，主从句都用过去进行时。 3. The teacher ________ (explain) something about stars to us when the light in the classroom suddenly went out. 答案：was explaining 解析：句意：老师正在给我们讲解星星相关知识时，教室的灯突然灭了。主句用过去进行时表示背景动作，when 从句用一般过去时。 4. —Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat message at 8:30 last night? —Sorry, I ________ (practice) the speech about space travel with my partner. 答案：was practicing 解析：句意：昨晚 8 点半你为什么没回微信？抱歉，我当时正和搭档练习关于太空旅行的演讲。过去具体时刻用过去进行时。 5. This time last Friday, our class ________ (prepare) for the coming Space Day activity to make our school more interesting. 答案：were preparing 解析：句意：上周五这个时候，我们班正在为即将到来的太空日做准备，让校园更有趣。this time last... 是过去进行时标志词。 6. While the astronaut ________ (do) experiments outside the space station, he found something unusual in the distance. 答案：was doing 解析：句意：当宇航员在空间站外做实验时，他发现远处有些不寻常的东西。while 从句用延续性动词的进行时，主语单数用 was doing。 7. Nobody answered the door because my family ________ (plant) the moon cherry seeds in the yard at that time. 答案：were planting 解析：句意：没人开门，因为那时我家人正在院子里种月樱种子。at that time 表示过去某刻，family 此处指家人，用 were planting。 8. What ________ you ________ (do) when the news about the new spaceship was reported on TV yesterday? 答案：were; doing 解析：句意：昨天电视报道新宇宙飞船新闻时，你正在做什么？特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing，主语 you 用 were。 9. He ________ (not listen) to the teacher carefully while others were taking notes about the solar system. 答案：wasn’t listening 解析：句意：当其他人在记太阳系笔记时，他没有认真听老师讲课。while 从句用进行时，主句也用过去进行时的否定形式。 10. It began to snow heavily when we ________ (visit) the space museum with our science teacher. 答案：were visiting 解析：句意：当我们正和科学老师参观太空博物馆时，下起了大雪。when 引导的从句表示正在进行，用过去进行时。 二、完成句子（10 题） 1. 当昨晚陨石划过天空时，人们正兴奋地仰望天空。 People ________ ________ ________ the sky excitedly when the meteor ________ across the sky last night. 答案：were looking up; flew 解析：句意：昨晚陨石划过天空时人们正兴奋仰望。主句过去进行时，when 从句短暂动作用一般过去时。 2. 昨天这个时候，宇航员们正在为神舟二十号任务做最后的准备。 The astronauts ________ ________ their final preparations for the Shenzhou-20 mission at this time yesterday. 答案：were making 解析：句意：昨天此时宇航员正为神舟二十号做最后准备。at this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志。 3. 当我听到敲门声时，我正在查阅关于火星探索的资料。 I ________ ________ up information about Mars exploration when I ________ the knock on the door. 答案：was looking; heard 解析：句意：听到敲门声时我正在查火星探索资料。主句进行时，when 从句短暂动作用过去式。 4. 当火箭发射时，所有工程师正紧张地盯着大屏幕。 All the engineers ________ ________ at the big screen nervously while the rocket ________ ________. 答案：were staring; was lifting off 解析：句意：火箭发射时工程师正紧张盯着大屏幕。while 连接两个同时进行的过去持续动作。 5. 昨天下午三点，我们正在实验室测试太空车的模型。 We ________ ________ a model of the space rover in the lab at three yesterday afternoon. 答案：were testing 解析：句意：昨天下午三点我们在实验室测试太空车模型。过去具体时刻用过去进行时。 6. 当老师走进教室时，我们正在讨论未来的太空旅行计划。 We ________ ________ about our future space travel plans when the teacher ________ into the classroom. 答案：were talking; walked 解析：句意：老师进教室时我们正讨论太空旅行计划。主句进行时，when 从句短暂动作过去式。 7. 我妹妹在画画，而我正在制作一个空间站模型。 My sister ________ ________ while I ________ ________ a model space station. 答案：was drawing; was making 解析：句意：妹妹画画而我在做空间站模型。while 连接两个同时进行的过去动作。 8. 昨晚八点，没人在玩手机，大家都在看太空直播。 Nobody ________ ________ mobile phones at 8 p.m. last night; everyone ________ ________ the space live broadcast. 答案：was playing; was watching 解析：句意：昨晚八点没人玩手机，大家都在看太空直播。过去具体时刻用过去进行时。 9. 当第一缕阳光照进飞船时，航天员正在整理数据。 The astronauts ________ ________ the data when the first sunlight ________ into the spacecraft. 答案：were organizing; shone 解析：句意：阳光照进飞船时航天员正在整理数据。主句进行时，when 从句短暂动作过去式。 10. 上周末这个时候，他们正在搭建太空站的模型。 They ________ ________ a model space station at this time last weekend. 答案：were setting up 解析：句意：上周末此时他们正在搭建太空站模型。at this time last... 是过去进行时典型标志。 任务型阅读 Passage 1 Who really owns the lucky money? A 12-year-old boy recently refused to give his 20,000-yuan lucky money to his mother. It started a heated discussion online. The mother said the lucky money was just a return gift between families. Parents usually give red envelopes to other children first, and the money their child gets is part of the exchange. So she thought ____2____. But the boy said the money was a personal gift to him. He should have the right to control it. I agree with the boy. Lucky money is given to me, not to my parents. It is my own money. I can save it or buy what I need, like books and stationery (文具). If parents take all the money away, we can never learn to manage money. I don’t agree. Lucky money is not a free gift. It is part of our family culture. When my parents give red envelopes to others, the money I get is just the exchange. If I keep too much money, it will bring pressure to my parents. Also, many teenagers may waste money on games or snacks. We should talk about financial education, not just who owns the money. We can open a bank account in the child’s name. The money can be divided into savings and daily costs. In this way, children can learn to plan money, and parents can still help and guide them. Task 1  Answer the questions (回答下列问题) 1. What did the mother think the 20,000-yuan lucky money was? 2. What do you think might be the mother’s opinion? Complete the sentence. 3. According to Li Hua, how can children deal with their lucky money? 4. Why doesn’t Jia Xing think children should keep too much money? 5. What does Professor Li suggest doing with the lucky money? Task 2  Express your own ideas (表达你自己的想法) 6. Who do you agree with, Li Hua, Jia Xing or Professor Li? Share your opinion and give two reasons in about 30 words. 【答案】1. She thought it was just a return gift between families /part of the exchange when parents give red envelopes to other children. 2. the money should belong to the family /she should have the right to take the money /the money is hers to control. 3. They can save it or buy what they need, like books and stationery. 4. Because keeping too much money will bring pressure to parents, and teenagers may waste money on games or snacks. 5. Open a bank account in the child’s name, and divide the money into savings and daily costs, so children can learn to plan money and parents can help guide them. 6. I agree with Jia Xing. Lucky money is part of our family cultural, and teenagers may easily waste the money on games or snacks without parents’ proper guidance. (答案不唯一，回答合理即可) 【导语】本文围绕“压岁钱归属权”展开讨论，呈现了不同角色的观点，并给出了理性处理建议。 1. 文中提到“The mother said the lucky money was just a return gift between families.”，说明这位母亲认为这笔压岁钱是家庭之间的回礼。 2. 文中提到“Parents usually give red envelopes to other children first, and the money their child gets is part of the exchange.”，说明这位母亲的观点是这笔压岁钱应该归父母所有。 3. 文中提到“I can save it or buy what I need, like books and stationery.”，说明根据李华的观点，孩子们可以存起压岁钱，或购买自己需要的东西，比如书籍和文具。 4. 文中提到“If I keep too much money, it will bring pressure to my parents. Also, many teenagers may waste money on games or snacks.”，说明贾星认为孩子保留太多钱会给父母带来压力，且青少年可能会把钱浪费在游戏或零食上。 5. 文中提到“We can open a bank account in the child’s name. The money can be divided into savings and daily costs.”，说明李教授建议以孩子的名义开设银行账户，将压岁钱分为储蓄和日常开支两部分。 6. 本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一，回答合理即可，注意字数在30词左右。 Passage 2 My voice matters Finding the words to explain how you feel isn’t always easy. That’s why children are taught and encouraged to speak up. What does speaking up mean? Do you have trouble sharing your thoughts—or worry no one will listen if you do? ①Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. Dr. Julia Clements is a psychologist (an expert in thoughts and feelings). She says speaking up means “expressing your views, thoughts and feelings, not bottling them all up, and being open to hearing the thoughts, feelings and views of others too.” Making yourself heard isn’t about shouting the loudest; in fact you don’t have to use your voice at all. You can express what you like and don’t like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead, says Clements. “It’s about finding ways to share what matters to you,” she explains. Why is it important? Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them. Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers (触发) a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm. Your voice can make a big difference to other people too, including friends and siblings (兄弟姐妹). Jaime Thurston works with a charity. She delivers kindness workshops (学习班) in schools. She says, “You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.” How can you find your voice? ②Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. If you’re struggling to explain your feelings, find a way that feels right for you, whether it’s talking face-to-face or writing it down. When you’re ready, “Take a deep breath and believe in yourself,” says Thurston. “Know that your opinion matters.” Answer the questions. 1. What does “making your voice heard” mean according to the second paragraph? 2. According to Clements, how can you express yourself if you don’t want to use your voice? 3. Why is it important to share your feelings with someone you trust? 4. How can speaking up make a difference to other people? 5. What does Thurston advise you to do when you’re ready to speak up? 6. What are some other ways to make sure your voice is heard, even if you’ re not speaking out loud? Please offer three suggestions. 【答案】1. It means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count./It means what you say is important. 2. By writing or drawing instead. 3. Because it helps you understand your feelings better and makes you feel relaxed and calm. 4. Speaking with kindness and happiness can help people feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported. 5. She advises taking a deep breath and believing in yourself. 6. 1) Write a letter/diary to showcase your thoughts or feelings.2) Making comics to show how you think or feel. 3) Creating social media posts or blogs to express opinions and thoughts. 【导语】本文讲述了关于如何表达自己想法和感受的重要性及其实践方法。 1. 根据“Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count.”可知，让你的声音被听到意味着理解你的话很重要，你的意见很重要。故填It means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count./It means what you say is important. 2. 根据“You can express what you like and don’t like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead, says Clements.”可知，通过写作或绘画来代替。故填By writing or drawing instead. 3. 根据“Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers (触发) a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm.”可知，因为它能帮助你更好地理解自己的感受，让你感到放松和平静。故填Because it helps you understand your feelings better and makes you feel relaxed and calm. 4. 根据“You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.”可知，带着善良和幸福的心情说话可以帮助人们自我感觉良好，或者让他们知道他们得到了支持。故填Speaking with kindness and happiness can help people feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported. 5. 根据“Take a deep breath and believe in yourself”可知，她建议深呼吸，相信自己。故填She advises taking a deep breath and believing in yourself. 6. 开放性问题，核心是“不大声说话也能让别人听到自己声音的方式”，需结合文中“writing or drawing”的提示，拓展具体、可行的方式，如写信/写日记、绘画/漫画、使用肢体语言、制作海报等，言之有理即可。故填1) Write a letter/diary to showcase your thoughts or feelings.2) Making comics to show how you think or feel. 3) Creating social media posts or blogs to express opinions and thoughts.   Passage 3 The Future of Driving Every morning, millions of people around the world get into their cars and drive to work. But what if the car could drive itself? That future may not be far away. Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), use sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to navigate roads with little or no human input. Companies like Waymo and Tesla have already tested thousands of self-driving cars on public roads. The benefits of self-driving cars could be huge. First, they promise to make roads much safer. According to studies, over 90% of car accidents are caused by human errors such as distracted driving or speeding. Self-driving cars don’t get tired, drunk, or distracted. They follow traffic rules strictly. Second, they could help people who cannot drive themselves——such as the elderly or people with disabilities——gain more independence. “For millions of people with disabilities, self-driving cars promise newfound freedom,” said one expert. However, there are still many challenges. The technology is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. Many people also worry about safety. Can we really trust a computer to make life-or-death decisions on the road? Moreover, if self-driving cars become common, millions of professional drivers——such as taxi drivers and truck drivers——might lose their jobs. Some experts believe that fully self-driving cars will be on our roads within the next ten years. Others say it will take much longer. One thing is certain: self-driving cars will change the way we travel, work, and live. The question is not if they will arrive, but when. 1. What do self-driving cars use to navigate roads? 2. According to studies, what causes most car accidents? 3. Why could self-driving cars be especially helpful to elderly or disabled people? 4. What is the possible disadvantage of self-driving cars mentioned in the passage? (List ONLY ONE) 5. Is the author certain that self-driving cars will become common in the future? 6. Task 2: Do you think self-driving cars are a good invention? Please write down your own understanding. (About 30 words) 【答案】1. Self-driving cars use sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to navigate roads. 2. Human errors, such as distracted driving or speeding. 3. Because they could help them gain more independence. 4. The technology is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. 5. Yes, he/she is. 6. Yes, I do. Self-driving cars can help most people become more independent. They don’t need to spend much time getting a driving licence, nor do they have to rely on others for a lift. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了自动驾驶汽车虽然能带来更安全、更独立等巨大好处，但目前仍面临成本高昂、安全信任和就业冲击等挑战，不过它必将改变未来的出行方式。 1. 第二段“Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), use sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to navigate roads with little or no human input. ”表明，自动驾驶汽车利用传感器、摄像头和人工智能来在道路上行驶。可填Self-driving cars use sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to navigate roads. 2. 第三段“According to studies, over 90% of car accidents are caused by human errors such as distracted driving or speeding. ”表明，分心驾驶、超速等人为失误造成了大部分交通事故。可填Human errors, such as distracted driving or speeding. 3. 第三段“Second, they could help people who cannot drive themselves——such as the elderly or people with disabilities——gain more independence.”表明了自动驾驶汽车能帮助老年人或残疾人的原因。可填Because they could help them gain more independence. 4. 第四段“However, there are still many challenges.”表明本段主要讲述自动驾驶汽车的缺点。可填The technology is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. 5. 最后一段“One thing is certain: self-driving cars will change the way we travel, work, and live. ”表明，自动驾驶汽车将改变我们出行、工作和生活的方式。可推断出作者肯定自动驾驶汽车在未来会很普遍。可填Yes, he/she is. 6. 本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。可填Yes, I do. Self-driving cars can help most people become more independent. They don’t need to spend much time getting a driving licence, nor do they have to rely on others for a lift. Passage 4 My nanny was like a parent to me. But one day, I learned she had terminal (晚期的) cancer. She told me she’d never left Australia, and now she couldn’t. She could only “travel” by watching a TV show. I felt so sad, thinking about all the things she’d never do. At work, I couldn’t stop thinking about her. I came up with an idea. I posted on Facebook, “My Nanny Del has cancer. She’ll never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see it from her chair.” I didn’t tell her, because I was afraid nothing would happen. Weeks passed, and Nanny got sicker. I was busy with school, work, and taking care of her. Then one day, a postcard from the United States arrived. It was a sign of hope! After that, our letterbox filled with postcards from everywhere—India, Portugal (葡萄牙), Italy, and more. I showed Nanny a box full of these postcards. “You’re going to see the world!” I told her. She cried, happy and sad at the same time. Every day, Nanny Del and her granddaughter “traveled” together. Her living room became an airport. We “visited” Lisbon (里斯本), cruised (乘船游览) the Mediterranean (地中海), and explored the United States. Nanny loved waiting for the postman. “I can’t believe strangers did this for me,” she’d say. In August 2024, Nanny took her last “flight.” She passed away, but the postcards—over 100 of them—went to her farewell (告别). These cards ________. I learned that life has hellos and goodbyes. People come into our lives and then leave. But the love and memories, like those postcards, stay forever. 1. Nanny Del went on real trips to different countries before she passed away, didn’t she? 2. What did the author ask people to do on Facebook? 3. Why didn’t the author tell Nanny Del about the Facebook post at first? 4. Where did the first postcard received by the author come from? 5. What can be filled in this blank to complete the sentence? 6. If you received a request (请求) like the author’s on social media, would you send a postcard? Why or why not? 【答案】1. No, she didn’t. 2. She asked people to send postcards to Nanny Del so she could "see the world" from her chair. 3. Because she was afraid nothing would happen. 4. The United States. 5. are full of love from strangers/carry warm memories and love 6. Yes. Because sending a postcard is a small act that can bring great joy to someone in need, just like it did for Nanny Del. 【导语】本文中作者通过请求陌生人寄明信片，帮助患癌祖母在椅子上“看遍世界”。祖母去世后，明信片成为爱的见证，告诉我们：爱和记忆永远留存。 1. 第一段提到 “She told me she’d never left Australia, and now she couldn’t.”，说明她没有真正去过其他国家，因此答案是否定的。 2. 第二段明确提到作者在Facebook上请求人们“send her postcards so she can see it from her chair”，直接提取即可。 3. 第二段指出“I didn’t tell her, because I was afraid nothing would happen”，直接回答原因。 4. 第三段提到“a postcard from the United States arrived”，提取来源。 5. 结合全文主旨，这些明信片代表陌生人的爱与温暖，可填入相关内容。 6. 本题是开放性试题，需明确观点并说明理由，例如肯定的理由是小举动能带来大温暖，符合文意即可。 Passage 5 Read the passage and complete the tasks. (根据短文内容完成任务。) Money is something that people often talk about in daily life. Some think it can buy almost everything, from fancy clothes to exciting amusement park tickets, while others believe it’s not the most important thing in the world. Lily, an eighth-grader who used to love buying cute stickers and tasty snacks, once had a simple idea: money was just for buying snacks and toys that could make herself happy. Last week, Lily’s class planned a charity sale to raise money for kids in a poor mountain village who lacked basic stationery. She hesitated at first but finally decided to sell her favorite storybooks and handmade bracelets that she had spent weeks making. At first, she worried no one would buy them because the items were not brand-new. But to her joy, many teachers and students came to her stall, and she raised 200 yuan in total. When Lily sent the money to the village school with her classmates, she saw the kids’ big smiles as they received  new pencils, notebooks and colorful erasers. At that moment, she realized money could bring warm happiness to others, not just herself. She also noticed that the time and effort she put into preparing for the sale mattered more than the money itself. Later, Lily talked with her parents about this meaningful experience. Her father patted her shoulder and told her, “Money is a tool. It can be used to do good things if you have a kind heart.” Lily nodded thoughtfully. She started to think about how she could help others more often. Gradually, she developed a keen interest in ways of making money and charity work. ________________________Task 1: Answer the questions. 1. What did Lily think money was for at first? 2. What did Lily sell in the charity sale? 3. How much money did Lily raise in the charity sale? 4. What did Lily see when she sent the money to the village school? 5. What did Lily’s father say about money? Task 2: Writing. 6. Based on Lily’s experience, write about what she will do to help others in the future. Write sentences in about 30 words. 【答案】1. She thought money was just for buying snacks and toys. 2. She sold her favorite storybooks and handmade bracelets. 3. She raised 200 yuan in total. 4. She saw the kids’big smiles as they received new stationery. 5. He said money was a tool and it could be used to do good things if people had a kind heart. 6. She set up her own online platform for public welfare communication, held charity auctions on it, and donated all the money she earned to the children in poor mountainous areas. （30 words） 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，通过Lily的经历，讲述了她对金钱意义的认知转变：从“为己享乐”到“助人暖心”，一次义卖让Lily重新定义了金钱的意义。 1. 根据 “…money was just for buying snacks and toys that could make herself happy.”可知，她认为钱只是用来买零食和玩具的。故填She thought money was just for buying snacks and toys. 2. 根据“…finally decided to sell her favorite storybooks and handmade bracelets…”可知，她卖掉了自己最喜欢的故事书和手工手链。故填She sold her favorite storybooks and handmade bracelets. 3. 根据“…and she raised 200 yuan in total.”可知，她总共筹到了200元。故填She raised 200 yuan in total. 4. 根据 “…she saw the kids’ big smiles as they received new pencils, notebooks and colorful erasers.”可知，她看到了孩子们收到新文具时露出了灿烂的笑容。故填She saw the kids’ big smiles as they received new stationery. 5. 根据 “Money is a tool. It can be used to do good things if you have a kind heart.”可知，他说钱是一种工具，如果人们有一颗善良的心，它就可以用来做好事。故填He said money was a tool and it could be used to do good things if people had a kind heart. 6. 本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合Lily的经历如对慈善和帮助他人产生兴趣等，字数在30词左右，逻辑合理即可。参考答案为She set up her own online platform for public welfare communication, held charity auctions on it, and donated all the money she earned to the children in poor mountainous areas. （30 words） Passage 6 Advice from the Kid Expert Offering solutions to life’s little problems It’s great that you appreciate your stuff! Ask yourself whether you really value and use it, though, or whether you just want to hang on to it. Rank what you have, from most treasured (珍爱) to least. Maybe you’ll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things. To help you decide, try an experiment. Notice what you use over a month’s time. At the end of the month, you might consider giving away what you didn’t use. ①Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. You aren’t alone. Many kids feel upset when their parents argue. Adults disagree at times, just as kids do. It’s natural to wish you could make your parents stop arguing, but that isn’t your responsibility. They must solve their own disagreements. If you feel upset, focus on things that’ll help you feel calm. Do activities you enjoy or write or draw to express how you feel. At a time when things are calm, tell your parents how you feel. You might say, “When I hear you arguing, I feel worried and scared.” You can also talk things over with a school counselor (辅导员) or teacher. ②Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. Try to understand the feeling better. You could ask yourself questions, like “When do I feel most afraid? Do noises or storms make it worse? Do I watch scary movies that keep replaying in my mind?” Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark. Then think about whether you really need to fear those things. Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them. For example, if you fear not being able to see what’s around you, maybe you can use a flashlight to remind yourself that a room is safe. Answer the questions. 1. Why did the expert suggest that Madelyn rank her items? 2. Who is Michal advised to talk to in order to seek help with his feelings? 3. What does the expert think of Harper’s fear of the dark? 4. According to the expert, how can Harper overcome her fear of the dark? 5. How can kids contact the kid expert if they have a question or need advice? 6. What advice do you have for Maya from California? 【答案】1. Because by ranking her items, she can find out which ones are less important to her and consider giving them away. 2. His parents, teacher or school counselor. 3. It is normal/understandable. 4. She can make a list of what she finds scary about the dark and discuss these fears with a parent to find ways to handle them. 5. Kids can write to Letters@kidexpert.com or by postal mail. 6. I think there’s nothing wrong with enjoying things such as kawaii, because it doesn’t harm anyone. Maya should just be herself and ignore the kids who make fun of her. 【导语】本文摘选自《儿童专家建议》栏目，针对三位孩子提出的问题给予分析和建议。分别涉及如何处理旧物、应对父母争吵以及对黑暗的恐惧，并提供了实用的解决方法。 1. 根据“Rank what you have, from most treasured to least. Maybe you’ll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things.”可知，专家建议Madelyn将物品排序是为了帮助她区分哪些是真正珍爱的，哪些可以舍弃。故填Because by ranking her items, she can find out which ones are less important to her and consider giving them away. 2. 根据“tell your parents how you feel... You can also talk things over with a school counselor or teacher.”可知，Michal被建议与父母、老师或学校辅导员谈论自己的感受。故填His parents, teacher or school counselor. 3. 根据“Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do.”可知，专家认为Harper对黑暗的恐惧是普遍且正常的。故填It is normal/understandable. 4. 根据“Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark... Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them.”可知，专家建议Harper列出对黑暗的恐惧点，并与父母讨论如何处理。故填She can make a list of what she finds scary about the dark and discuss these fears with a parent to find ways to handle them. 5. 根据“Write to us at Letters@kidexpert.com or by postal mail.”可知，孩子们可以通过电子邮件或邮寄信件联系儿童专家。故填Kids can write to Letters@kidexpert.com or by postal mail. 6. 本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，只要围绕“如何应对因爱好不同而被嘲笑”给出合理建议即可。故填I think there’s nothing wrong with enjoying things such as kawaii, because it doesn’t harm anyone. Maya should just be herself and ignore the kids who make fun of her. 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 7 Space exploration（新教材沪教版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理过去进行时的结构、时间标志、when/while 用法及易混点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基本结构 1. 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 I was watching TV at 8 last night.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 现在分词 I wasn’t watching TV at that time.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you watching TV then?（正确） 4. 特殊疑问 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing? What were you doing at that time?（正确） 二、时间标志 1. 过去时间点 at 3:00 yesterday；this time last Sunday He was sleeping at this time yesterday.（正确） 2. 连接词 when / while 引导过去时间背景的动作 三、when 用法 1. 搭配规则 主句（进行）+ when + 从句（短暂过去时） I was reading when the bell rang.（正确） 四、while 用法 1. 搭配规则 主从句都用过去进行时 I was reading while my mom was cooking.（正确） 五、易混区分 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 过去时：动作已完成；进行时：动作在进行 I watched TV.（看完）I was watching TV.（当时在看） 使用注意事项 1. 主语单数用 was，主语复数用 were，be 动词必须和主语保持一致。 例句：She was reading. They were reading.（正确） 2. 动词现在分词必须双写 / 去 e / 加 ing，拼写错误是高频考点。 例句：run→running；take→taking；do→doing（正确） 3. when 可接短暂性动词过去时，while 必须接延续性动词进行时。 例句：While I was walking, it rained.（正确） 4. 过去进行时强调过去某刻正在进行，不强调结果；一般过去时强调动作完成。 一、语法填空（10 题） 1. When I passed the lab at 10 o’clock yesterday morning, some students ________ (test) the new space model carefully. 2. My family ________ (watch) a documentary about space exploration while I ________ (draw) a spaceship at home last night. 3. The teacher ________ (explain) something about stars to us when the light in the classroom suddenly went out. 4. —Why didn’t you reply to my WeChat message at 8:30 last night? —Sorry, I ________ (practice) the speech about space travel with my partner. 5. This time last Friday, our class ________ (prepare) for the coming Space Day activity to make our school more interesting. 6. While the astronaut ________ (do) experiments outside the space station, he found something unusual in the distance. 7. Nobody answered the door because my family ________ (plant) the moon cherry seeds in the yard at that time. 8. What ________ you ________ (do) when the news about the new spaceship was reported on TV yesterday? 9. He ________ (not listen) to the teacher carefully while others were taking notes about the solar system. 10. It began to snow heavily when we ________ (visit) the space museum with our science teacher. 二、完成句子（10 题） 1. 当昨晚陨石划过天空时，人们正兴奋地仰望天空。 People ________ ________ ________ the sky excitedly when the meteor ________ across the sky last night. 2. 昨天这个时候，宇航员们正在为神舟二十号任务做最后的准备。 The astronauts ________ ________ their final preparations for the Shenzhou-20 mission at this time yesterday. 3. 当我听到敲门声时，我正在查阅关于火星探索的资料。 I ________ ________ up information about Mars exploration when I ________ the knock on the door. 4. 当火箭发射时，所有工程师正紧张地盯着大屏幕。 All the engineers ________ ________ at the big screen nervously while the rocket ________ ________. 5. 昨天下午三点，我们正在实验室测试太空车的模型。 We ________ ________ a model of the space rover in the lab at three yesterday afternoon. 6. 当老师走进教室时，我们正在讨论未来的太空旅行计划。 We ________ ________ about our future space travel plans when the teacher ________ into the classroom. 7. 我妹妹在画画，而我正在制作一个空间站模型。 My sister ________ ________ while I ________ ________ a model space station. 8. 昨晚八点，没人在玩手机，大家都在看太空直播。 Nobody ________ ________ mobile phones at 8 p.m. last night; everyone ________ ________ the space live broadcast. 9. 当第一缕阳光照进飞船时，航天员正在整理数据。 The astronauts ________ ________ the data when the first sunlight ________ into the spacecraft. 10. 上周末这个时候，他们正在搭建太空站的模型。 They ________ ________ a model space station at this time last weekend. 任务型阅读 Passage 1 Who really owns the lucky money? A 12-year-old boy recently refused to give his 20,000-yuan lucky money to his mother. It started a heated discussion online. The mother said the lucky money was just a return gift between families. Parents usually give red envelopes to other children first, and the money their child gets is part of the exchange. So she thought ____2____. But the boy said the money was a personal gift to him. He should have the right to control it. I agree with the boy. Lucky money is given to me, not to my parents. It is my own money. I can save it or buy what I need, like books and stationery (文具). If parents take all the money away, we can never learn to manage money. I don’t agree. Lucky money is not a free gift. It is part of our family culture. When my parents give red envelopes to others, the money I get is just the exchange. If I keep too much money, it will bring pressure to my parents. Also, many teenagers may waste money on games or snacks. We should talk about financial education, not just who owns the money. We can open a bank account in the child’s name. The money can be divided into savings and daily costs. In this way, children can learn to plan money, and parents can still help and guide them. Task 1  Answer the questions (回答下列问题) 1. What did the mother think the 20,000-yuan lucky money was? 2. What do you think might be the mother’s opinion? Complete the sentence. 3. According to Li Hua, how can children deal with their lucky money? 4. Why doesn’t Jia Xing think children should keep too much money? 5. What does Professor Li suggest doing with the lucky money? Task 2  Express your own ideas (表达你自己的想法) 6. Who do you agree with, Li Hua, Jia Xing or Professor Li? Share your opinion and give two reasons in about 30 words. Passage 2 My voice matters Finding the words to explain how you feel isn’t always easy. That’s why children are taught and encouraged to speak up. What does speaking up mean? Do you have trouble sharing your thoughts—or worry no one will listen if you do? ①Making your voice heard means understanding that your words matter and your opinions count. Dr. Julia Clements is a psychologist (an expert in thoughts and feelings). She says speaking up means “expressing your views, thoughts and feelings, not bottling them all up, and being open to hearing the thoughts, feelings and views of others too.” Making yourself heard isn’t about shouting the loudest; in fact you don’t have to use your voice at all. You can express what you like and don’t like or what you want for the future by writing or drawing instead, says Clements. “It’s about finding ways to share what matters to you,” she explains. Why is it important? Sharing your feelings with a person you trust will help you make sense of them. Scientists have discovered that sharing your feelings triggers (触发) a feel-good chemical in your brain. The chemical makes you feel relaxed and calm. Your voice can make a big difference to other people too, including friends and siblings (兄弟姐妹). Jaime Thurston works with a charity. She delivers kindness workshops (学习班) in schools. She says, “You can spread kindness and happiness simply by speaking. With a few kind words, you could help someone feel good about themselves or let them know they are supported.” How can you find your voice? ②Clements suggests practising conversations with friends or parents on the way home from school and seeing if you have different opinions about something. If you’re struggling to explain your feelings, find a way that feels right for you, whether it’s talking face-to-face or writing it down. When you’re ready, “Take a deep breath and believe in yourself,” says Thurston. “Know that your opinion matters.” Answer the questions. 1. What does “making your voice heard” mean according to the second paragraph? 2. According to Clements, how can you express yourself if you don’t want to use your voice? 3. Why is it important to share your feelings with someone you trust? 4. How can speaking up make a difference to other people? 5. What does Thurston advise you to do when you’re ready to speak up? 6. What are some other ways to make sure your voice is heard, even if you’ re not speaking out loud? Please offer three suggestions. Passage 3 The Future of Driving Every morning, millions of people around the world get into their cars and drive to work. But what if the car could drive itself? That future may not be far away. Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), use sensors, cameras, and artificial intelligence to navigate roads with little or no human input. Companies like Waymo and Tesla have already tested thousands of self-driving cars on public roads. The benefits of self-driving cars could be huge. First, they promise to make roads much safer. According to studies, over 90% of car accidents are caused by human errors such as distracted driving or speeding. Self-driving cars don’t get tired, drunk, or distracted. They follow traffic rules strictly. Second, they could help people who cannot drive themselves——such as the elderly or people with disabilities——gain more independence. “For millions of people with disabilities, self-driving cars promise newfound freedom,” said one expert. However, there are still many challenges. The technology is very expensive, and not everyone can afford it. Many people also worry about safety. Can we really trust a computer to make life-or-death decisions on the road? Moreover, if self-driving cars become common, millions of professional drivers——such as taxi drivers and truck drivers——might lose their jobs. Some experts believe that fully self-driving cars will be on our roads within the next ten years. Others say it will take much longer. One thing is certain: self-driving cars will change the way we travel, work, and live. The question is not if they will arrive, but when. 1. What do self-driving cars use to navigate roads? 2. According to studies, what causes most car accidents? 3. Why could self-driving cars be especially helpful to elderly or disabled people? 4. What is the possible disadvantage of self-driving cars mentioned in the passage? (List ONLY ONE) 5. Is the author certain that self-driving cars will become common in the future? 6. Task 2: Do you think self-driving cars are a good invention? Please write down your own understanding. (About 30 words) Passage 4 My nanny was like a parent to me. But one day, I learned she had terminal (晚期的) cancer. She told me she’d never left Australia, and now she couldn’t. She could only “travel” by watching a TV show. I felt so sad, thinking about all the things she’d never do. At work, I couldn’t stop thinking about her. I came up with an idea. I posted on Facebook, “My Nanny Del has cancer. She’ll never see the world. Please send her postcards so she can see it from her chair.” I didn’t tell her, because I was afraid nothing would happen. Weeks passed, and Nanny got sicker. I was busy with school, work, and taking care of her. Then one day, a postcard from the United States arrived. It was a sign of hope! After that, our letterbox filled with postcards from everywhere—India, Portugal (葡萄牙), Italy, and more. I showed Nanny a box full of these postcards. “You’re going to see the world!” I told her. She cried, happy and sad at the same time. Every day, Nanny Del and her granddaughter “traveled” together. Her living room became an airport. We “visited” Lisbon (里斯本), cruised (乘船游览) the Mediterranean (地中海), and explored the United States. Nanny loved waiting for the postman. “I can’t believe strangers did this for me,” she’d say. In August 2024, Nanny took her last “flight.” She passed away, but the postcards—over 100 of them—went to her farewell (告别). These cards ________. I learned that life has hellos and goodbyes. People come into our lives and then leave. But the love and memories, like those postcards, stay forever. 1. Nanny Del went on real trips to different countries before she passed away, didn’t she? 2. What did the author ask people to do on Facebook? 3. Why didn’t the author tell Nanny Del about the Facebook post at first? 4. Where did the first postcard received by the author come from? 5. What can be filled in this blank to complete the sentence? 6. If you received a request (请求) like the author’s on social media, would you send a postcard? Why or why not? Passage 5 Read the passage and complete the tasks. (根据短文内容完成任务。) Money is something that people often talk about in daily life. Some think it can buy almost everything, from fancy clothes to exciting amusement park tickets, while others believe it’s not the most important thing in the world. Lily, an eighth-grader who used to love buying cute stickers and tasty snacks, once had a simple idea: money was just for buying snacks and toys that could make herself happy. Last week, Lily’s class planned a charity sale to raise money for kids in a poor mountain village who lacked basic stationery. She hesitated at first but finally decided to sell her favorite storybooks and handmade bracelets that she had spent weeks making. At first, she worried no one would buy them because the items were not brand-new. But to her joy, many teachers and students came to her stall, and she raised 200 yuan in total. When Lily sent the money to the village school with her classmates, she saw the kids’ big smiles as they received  new pencils, notebooks and colorful erasers. At that moment, she realized money could bring warm happiness to others, not just herself. She also noticed that the time and effort she put into preparing for the sale mattered more than the money itself. Later, Lily talked with her parents about this meaningful experience. Her father patted her shoulder and told her, “Money is a tool. It can be used to do good things if you have a kind heart.” Lily nodded thoughtfully. She started to think about how she could help others more often. Gradually, she developed a keen interest in ways of making money and charity work. ________________________Task 1: Answer the questions. 1. What did Lily think money was for at first? 2. What did Lily sell in the charity sale? 3. How much money did Lily raise in the charity sale? 4. What did Lily see when she sent the money to the village school? 5. What did Lily’s father say about money? Task 2: Writing. 6. Based on Lily’s experience, write about what she will do to help others in the future. Write sentences in about 30 words. Passage 6 Advice from the Kid Expert Offering solutions to life’s little problems It’s great that you appreciate your stuff! Ask yourself whether you really value and use it, though, or whether you just want to hang on to it. Rank what you have, from most treasured (珍爱) to least. Maybe you’ll decide to let go of some lower-ranked things. To help you decide, try an experiment. Notice what you use over a month’s time. At the end of the month, you might consider giving away what you didn’t use. ①Knowing that your things will bring happiness to someone else may help you let them go. You aren’t alone. Many kids feel upset when their parents argue. Adults disagree at times, just as kids do. It’s natural to wish you could make your parents stop arguing, but that isn’t your responsibility. They must solve their own disagreements. If you feel upset, focus on things that’ll help you feel calm. Do activities you enjoy or write or draw to express how you feel. At a time when things are calm, tell your parents how you feel. You might say, “When I hear you arguing, I feel worried and scared.” You can also talk things over with a school counselor (辅导员) or teacher. ②Lots of kids (and adults!) feel the same way you do. Try to understand the feeling better. You could ask yourself questions, like “When do I feel most afraid? Do noises or storms make it worse? Do I watch scary movies that keep replaying in my mind?” Make a list of what you think can be scary about the dark. Then think about whether you really need to fear those things. Talk with a parent about the things on your list, too, and ways to handle them. For example, if you fear not being able to see what’s around you, maybe you can use a flashlight to remind yourself that a room is safe. Answer the questions. 1. Why did the expert suggest that Madelyn rank her items? 2. Who is Michal advised to talk to in order to seek help with his feelings? 3. What does the expert think of Harper’s fear of the dark? 4. According to the expert, how can Harper overcome her fear of the dark? 5. How can kids contact the kid expert if they have a question or need advice? 6. What advice do you have for Maya from California? 12 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $