Unit 6 Learning by doing 情态动词should和had better-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（沪教版）

该初中英语学习任务单以“情态动词should和had better”为核心，围绕“Learning by doing”单元主题，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，系统梳理语法结构、用法及易错点，搭配表格框架图与正误对比例句，构建从规则理解到应用实践的完整学习路径。 亮点在于语法模块与语用任务的深度结合，如完成句子中“养成阅读习惯”“检查门窗”等情境练习，培养语言能力和思维品质。6篇阅读理解短文涵盖生活、文化等主题，助力学生在真实语境中运用语法知识，为教师实施单元复习提供系统工具，支持学生从知识掌握到能力迁移的深度学习。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 6 Learning by doing（新教材沪教版） （情态动词should和had better） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理情态动词 should 和 had better 的结构、用法、句型及易错点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、should 1. 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 We should protect the environment.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 You shouldn’t be late for school.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ Should we help each other?（正确） 4. 特殊疑问 疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形？ What should I do next?（正确） 二、ought to 1. 肯定句 主语 + ought to + 动词原形 He ought to study hard.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + ought not to + 动词原形 You ought not to waste time.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Ought + 主语 + to + 动词原形？ Ought we to help him?（正确） 三、had better 1. 肯定句 主语 + had better + 动词原形 You’d better go to bed early.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + had better not + 动词原形 You’d better not stay up late.（正确） 3. 注意 不用于疑问句；无人称变化 错误：Had you better go now? 四、共同规则 1. 形式要求 一律 + 动词原形，不加 to /ing/s 错误：You should to go.（正确：You should go.） 2. 否定位置 not 直接加在情态动词后 错误：You had better don’t…（正确：had better not） 使用注意事项 1. should / ought to / had better 后面一律接动词原形，不能加 to、ing、s 或 ed。 例句：You should go now.（正确）；You should to go.（错误） 2. had better 的否定式是 had better not do，不能用 don’t /didn’t /doesn’t。 例句：You’d better not smoke here.（正确） 3. ought to 的疑问形式必须把 ought 提前，to 不能省略。 例句：Ought you to stay here?（正确） 4. should 和 ought to 意义相近，常可互换，但 should 更口语化。 例句：We should /ought to help others.（均正确） 一、填空题（10 题） 1. As middle school students, we ________ (应该) take every chance to practice speaking English in class. 2. You look so tired and sleepy, so you ________ (最好) stop working and go to bed early to keep healthy. 3. To finish the task on time, all the members ________ (应该) plan everything carefully before taking action. 4. You ________ (不应该) laugh at people in trouble; instead, you should try your best to help them out. 5. The doctor suggested that the patient ________ (停留、待在) in bed for another two days and have a good rest. 6. We ________ (最好不要) spend too much time playing computer games; it’s really bad for our eyes and study. 7. It is raining heavily outside, so we ________ (应该) take umbrellas or raincoats with us when going out. 8. All the students ________ (应该) listen to the teachers carefully and take notes while having lessons. 9. You ________ (最好) prepare everything well in advance so that you won’t be nervous during the competition. 10. When we make mistakes, we ________ (不应该) hide them; we should face them bravely and correct them. 二、完成句子（10 题） 1. 你应该养成每天阅读英语半小时的好习惯。 You ________ ________ ________ good habit of reading English for half an hour every day. 2. 你最好在出门前检查一下门窗是否关好。 You ________ ________ ________ if the doors and windows are closed before you leave home. 3. 我们不应该在公共场所大声喧哗或乱扔垃圾。 We ________ ________ speak loudly or throw rubbish ________ in public places. 4. 你最好不要在太阳下看书，这对你的眼睛有害。 You ________ ________ ________ read in the sun; it’s bad for your eyes. 5. 每个人都应该学会感恩并关心身边的人。 Everyone ________ ________ to thank others and care for the people around him. 6. 你应该在考试前仔细复习笔记，而不是熬夜。 You ________ ________ your notes carefully before exams instead of ________ up late. 7. 我们最好多做运动少吃垃圾食品来保持健康。 We ________ ________ ________ more and eat less junk food to keep ________. 8. 你不应该未经允许就拿走别人的东西。 You ________ ________ take others’ things ________ permission. 9. 你最好尽快向老师请教你不懂的问题。 You ________ ________ ________ the teacher for help with the problems you can’t understand soon. 10. 我们应该尊重每一个人，平等对待每一个人。 We ________ ________ everyone and treat them equally ________ respect. Passage 1 Arriving in New York    There are three airports in New York. When you arrive at one of them. you can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York. Public transport In New York there is a good bus and subway(地铁) service. If you are planning to use the subway a lot, you should buy a subway ticket for ten journeys because it’s cheaper. But you don’t have to use public transport—there are lots of places you can go to on foot, like the Empire State Building(帝国大厦), 5th Avenue(大街) and Central Park. The New York taxis are a part of the city experience, so you should take at least one taxi during your visit. Hotels    There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city, there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near Central Park is great for young people. Eating out There are many kinds of food in New York and you shouldn’t eat at McDonald’s every day. There are good restaurants in little Italy and Chinatown, for example. Shopping   Shopping in New York is fun. There are big shops on 5th Avenue. They are open seven days a week. But be careful when you look at the prices, you have to pay a special 8% tax(税) on everything you buy in New York. Places to see   Finally, there are a lot of places to see in New York—Times Square, the Statue of Liberty. And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city. 1．How many kinds of public transport are mentioned(提到) in the second paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．“The Plaza” here is the name of ________. A．a restaurant B．a hotel C．an airport D．a shop 3．How much do you have to pay if you buy a book of $10 in New York? A．$10.8. B．$10.08. C．$18. D．$10. 4．When you visit New York, you should ________. A．eat at McDonald’s every day B．take a taxi whenever you go out C．stay at the best hotel D．climb the Statue of Liberty 5．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people can visit many places of interest in New York on foot B．people must travel by public transport in New York C．New York is not a good place for shopping D．people have to eat only one kind of food in New York Passage 2 Perfect guide to making a summer diary Imagine a summer full of adventures and discoveries. Now imagine collecting all of that excitement in a certain place just for you. Sounds exciting, right?     Why keep a summer diary? A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days. It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time. It is also a great place to show your ideas, and let your imagination run wild! The first step to get started Every great adventure begins with the right tools. For your summer diary, the first step is to find the perfect notebook. It could be a simple pocket notebook or a diary with a lock and key. Look for something that catches your eye, and don’t forget that it should have pages to last you the whole summer. Ideas to get more creative Here are some ideas to get you started ◇Daily Activities: Every day is an adventure! Write about what you did, saw or felt. ◇Nature Observations: You could write about a tiny insect you saw or the way the leaves rustle (make soft sounds when they move) in the wind. ☆Simple Doodles: A diary doesn’t have to be all about words. Paint something you saw, or draw a picture about your summer holiday. ◇Goals: What are your hopes for this summer or the new school year? Write them down and make a plan on how to achieve them. The reward of your summer diary By the end of the summer, you’ll have a collection of memories and experiences. It will remind you of all the fun you had and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. 1. The passage is mainly about _________. A．what to do in summer B．how to make a summer diary C．where to spend summer holidays D．when to write a summer diary 2. The underlined word “It” refers to _________. A．a summer party B．a summer adventure C．a summer diary D．a summer plan 3. The first step to start your summer diary is to _________. A．find a treasure box B．find a perfect notebook C．find a secret drawer D．find a lock and key 4. The writer suggests you can _________ when you start writing your summer diary. A．ask your parents for help B．paint or draw something you saw C．imagine what you will do D．invite your friend to work with you 5. _________ is NOT the reward of a summer diary. A．It will remind you of all the fun you had. B．It will show how much you’ve grown and learned. C．It is a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. D．It is a chance for you to earn a lot of pocket money. Passage 3 Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that to live on, humans will one day have to move into space. “Once we spread out into space and set up independent colonies (定居点), our future should be safe,” he said. Today, the United States, Europe, Russia, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize (殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things, for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. At last, we could create new human societies on other planets. SpaceX is a company that builds rockets. Its founder and CEO, Elon Musk, also believes we should colonize Mars. He doesn’t want to send just “one little mission” though. His long-term goal is to put one million people on the planet in case something bad happens to us here on Earth. Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. In addition, these first people would find life extremely difficult in space. On the moon’s surface, for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time. Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar cities or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon. 1. What’s the main purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To give reasons for and against space colonization. B．To tell about what life would be like on the moon. C．To compare the environments of Mars and the moon. D．To let us know what the company SpaceX does. 2. Why are some countries planning to build lunar space stations? A．To learn more about the moon’s situation. B．To reduce the number of people living on Earth. C．To prepare humans to live on other planets. D．To show their technological strength. 3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．There are a few reasons not to send humans to space. B．A mission to Mars should be designed on a large scale. C．Many countries are planning missions to the moon. D．There are a number of reasons to travel to Mars. 4. What does “First stop: the moon” mean in the last paragraph? A．Everybody wants to visit the moon first. B．All spaceships to other planets have to stop at the moon first. C．The first place humans visit in space is the moon. D．The first human colony in space will likely be on the moon. 5. What’s the writer’s attitude toward sending people into space? A．The writer has a positive attitude. B．The writer has a negative attitude. C．The writer doesn’t mind it. D．We don’t know. Passage 4 Miles and his dad were camping in the mountains. It was a warm, clear night. They lay outside, looking up at the sea of stars. Miles was watching a round object with bright green lights when suddenly it changed direction. It seemed to be leaving the sky and moving right toward them! “Look at that,” his dad said. “I’m looking,” said Miles. As they watched, the object sank behind the nearest hill. Without another word, both of them left their sleeping bags and climbed the hill. When they reached the top, they looked down the other side. They saw a spaceship, its green lights still glowing. Soon a hatch (舱口) opened. Two aliens came out! “What’s that…” breathed Miles's dad. “What should we do?” Miles whispered. “I’ll go talk to them,” said his dad. “You stay here.” One alien was tall and one was short. Miles’s dad held out his right hand and walked toward the tall one. Before he got close, though, the short alien pulled out something like a stick and zapped him. Miles watched in shock as his dad fell to the ground. The tall alien walked to Miles’s dad and poked (用手指戳) at him with happy curiosity. Then, although Miles hid in the shadows, the short alien walked straight toward him. It spoke in his head. “Earthling (地球人), your child will soon get better.” It turned back and pointed to Miles’s dad, who was already sitting up and looking around. “When it does,” the short alien continued, “you will be good to control your child. I will also control mine.” It pointed again, this time at the tall alien. “They can play together while you and I discuss important matters.” 1. The story took place ________. A．in the mountains B．in the sea C．in the outer space D．inside a round object 2. What’s the correct order of the following events? ①Miles and his dad climbed to the top of the hill. ②Two aliens appeared. ③A round object landed. ④Miles and his dad discussed what to do. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．③④①② D．③①②④ 3. What does the underlined word “zapped” mean? A．hit B．guided C．warned D．greeted 4. Why did the short alien choose to discuss important matters with Miles? A．Because Miles’s dad couldn’t understand him. B．Because he thought Miles was the adult. C．Because he wanted Miles’s dad to play with his child. D．Because he didn’t like Miles’s dad at all. 5. What does the author want to tell us? A．Too much curiosity can bring trouble to you. B．Nothing is more important than family. C．Things aren’t always what they seem. D．Making friends with aliens can be fun. Passage 5 At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. ▲ . It’s important for us to have a budget. In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step! 1. Where does money come from according to the text? A．Kids’ life lessons. B．Parents’ hard work. C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account. 2. Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. B．Parents shouldn’t give kids lots of pocket money. C．We shouldn’t know the value of money too early. D．Parents shouldn’t use money to control over their children. 3. What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle? A．To buy a wonderful notebook. B．To make a free spending choice. C．To set a goal of saving money. D．To have an experience of shopping. 4. What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money Passage 6 At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算). In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satisfy (使满意) us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and a right attitude (态度) towards money gradually! 1. Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Managers. D．Children. 2. What’s the writer’s opinion about the pocket money? A．We can use it to buy whatever we want. B．We need to make smart spending choices. C．It’s impossible to spend all the money in one go. D．We can ask more pocket money from our family. 3. Which of the following can help us form good spending habits? A．Not setting any goal for saving money. B．Spending all the money on one thing we like without thinking. C．Thinking that money can be got easily without knowing parents’ hard work. D．Talking with our parents about how money is used and where it goes. 4. Put these sentences into the right order according to the passage. a．Kids get a right attitude towards money gradually. b．Kids experience how money is spent in the real world. c．Kids can save their pocket money to buy wonderful things. d．Kids need to know money made by parents may be used up. A．a-b-d-c B．c-d-a-b C．d-c-b-a D．b-a-c-d 5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 10 / 10乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 6 Learning by doing（新教材沪教版） （情态动词should和had better） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理情态动词 should 和 had better 的结构、用法、句型及易错点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、should 1. 肯定句 主语 + should + 动词原形 We should protect the environment.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + shouldn’t + 动词原形 You shouldn’t be late for school.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Should + 主语 + 动词原形？ Should we help each other?（正确） 4. 特殊疑问 疑问词 + should + 主语 + 动词原形？ What should I do next?（正确） 二、ought to 1. 肯定句 主语 + ought to + 动词原形 He ought to study hard.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + ought not to + 动词原形 You ought not to waste time.（正确） 3. 一般疑问 Ought + 主语 + to + 动词原形？ Ought we to help him?（正确） 三、had better 1. 肯定句 主语 + had better + 动词原形 You’d better go to bed early.（正确） 2. 否定句 主语 + had better not + 动词原形 You’d better not stay up late.（正确） 3. 注意 不用于疑问句；无人称变化 错误：Had you better go now? 四、共同规则 1. 形式要求 一律 + 动词原形，不加 to /ing/s 错误：You should to go.（正确：You should go.） 2. 否定位置 not 直接加在情态动词后 错误：You had better don’t…（正确：had better not） 使用注意事项 1. should / ought to / had better 后面一律接动词原形，不能加 to、ing、s 或 ed。 例句：You should go now.（正确）；You should to go.（错误） 2. had better 的否定式是 had better not do，不能用 don’t /didn’t /doesn’t。 例句：You’d better not smoke here.（正确） 3. ought to 的疑问形式必须把 ought 提前，to 不能省略。 例句：Ought you to stay here?（正确） 4. should 和 ought to 意义相近，常可互换，但 should 更口语化。 例句：We should /ought to help others.（均正确） 一、填空题（10 题） 1. As middle school students, we ________ (应该) take every chance to practice speaking English in class. 答案：should 解析：句意：作为中学生，我们应该抓住每节课上练习说英语的机会。should 为情态动词，无人称变化，后接动词原形。 2. You look so tired and sleepy, so you ________ (最好) stop working and go to bed early to keep healthy. 答案：had better 解析：句意：你看起来又累又困，最好停下工作早点睡觉保持健康。had better 后接动词原形，表强烈建议。 3. To finish the task on time, all the members ________ (应该) plan everything carefully before taking action. 答案：ought to 解析：句意：为按时完成任务，所有成员行动前都应仔细规划一切。ought to 表示责任与义务，后接动词原形。 4. You ________ (不应该) laugh at people in trouble; instead, you should try your best to help them out. 答案：shouldn’t /should not 解析：句意：你不应该嘲笑陷入困境的人，而应尽力帮助他们。should 的否定式为 shouldn’t，后接动词原形。 5. The doctor suggested that the patient ________ (停留、待在) in bed for another two days and have a good rest. 答案：（should）stay 解析：句意：医生建议病人再卧床休息两天。suggest 后的宾语从句用 (should) do 结构，should 可省略。 6. We ________ (最好不要) spend too much time playing computer games; it’s really bad for our eyes and study. 答案：had better not 解析：句意：我们最好不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏，对眼睛和学习都不好。had better 否定式直接加 not。 7. It is raining heavily outside, so we ________ (应该) take umbrellas or raincoats with us when going out. 答案：ought to 解析：句意：外面雨下得很大，出门时我们应该带伞或雨衣。ought to 表建议，语气正式，后接动词原形。 8. All the students ________ (应该) listen to the teachers carefully and take notes while having lessons. 答案：should 解析：句意：所有学生上课时都应认真听讲并做笔记。should 表责任与要求，无人称变化，后接动词原形。 9. You ________ (最好) prepare everything well in advance so that you won’t be nervous during the competition. 答案：had better 解析：句意：你最好提前准备好一切，这样比赛时就不会紧张。had better 表建议，后接动词原形。 10. When we make mistakes, we ________ (不应该) hide them; we should face them bravely and correct them. 答案：shouldn’t /should not 解析：句意：犯错时我们不应该隐瞒，而应勇敢面对并改正。should 否定式直接在后面加 not。 二、完成句子（10 题） 1. 你应该养成每天阅读英语半小时的好习惯。 You ________ ________ ________ good habit of reading English for half an hour every day. 答案：should develop 解析：句意：你应养成每天读英语半小时的好习惯。should 后接动词原形，develop a good habit 为固定搭配。 2. 你最好在出门前检查一下门窗是否关好。 You ________ ________ ________ if the doors and windows are closed before you leave home. 答案：had better check 解析：句意：出门前最好检查门窗是否关好。had better 表建议，后接动词原形 check。 3. 我们不应该在公共场所大声喧哗或乱扔垃圾。 We ________ ________ speak loudly or throw rubbish ________ in public places. 答案：should not; everywhere 解析：句意：我们不应在公共场所大声喧哗或乱扔垃圾。should 否定式为 shouldn’t，everywhere 表到处。 4. 你最好不要在太阳下看书，这对你的眼睛有害。 You ________ ________ ________ read in the sun; it’s bad for your eyes. 答案：had better not 解析：句意：最好不要在太阳下看书，对眼睛有害。had better 否定式为 had better not do。 5. 每个人都应该学会感恩并关心身边的人。 Everyone ________ ________ to thank others and care for the people around him. 答案：should learn 解析：句意：每个人都应学会感恩并关心身边的人。should 无人称变化，后接动词原形 learn。 6. 你应该在考试前仔细复习笔记，而不是熬夜。 You ________ ________ your notes carefully before exams instead of ________ up late. 答案：should review; staying 解析：句意：考试前应认真复习笔记而不是熬夜。should 后接原形，instead of 后接 doing。 7. 我们最好多做运动少吃垃圾食品来保持健康。 We ________ ________ ________ more and eat less junk food to keep ________. 答案：had better exercise; healthy/fit 解析：句意：最好多运动少吃垃圾食品保持健康。had better 后接动词原形 exercise。 8. 你不应该未经允许就拿走别人的东西。 You ________ ________ take others’ things ________ permission. 答案：shouldn’t; without 解析：句意：不应该未经允许拿别人东西。should 否定式为 shouldn’t，without permission 为固定搭配。 9. 你最好尽快向老师请教你不懂的问题。 You ________ ________ ________ the teacher for help with the problems you can’t understand soon. 答案：had better ask 解析：句意：最好尽快向老师请教不会的问题。had better 表建议，后接动词原形 ask。 10. 我们应该尊重每一个人，平等对待每一个人。 We ________ ________ everyone and treat them equally ________ respect. 答案：should respect; with 解析：句意：我们应尊重每个人并平等对待他们。should 后接动词原形 respect，with respect 表礼貌地。 Passage 1 Arriving in New York    There are three airports in New York. When you arrive at one of them. you can take a bus or a taxi to any place in New York. Public transport In New York there is a good bus and subway(地铁) service. If you are planning to use the subway a lot, you should buy a subway ticket for ten journeys because it’s cheaper. But you don’t have to use public transport—there are lots of places you can go to on foot, like the Empire State Building(帝国大厦), 5th Avenue(大街) and Central Park. The New York taxis are a part of the city experience, so you should take at least one taxi during your visit. Hotels    There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city, there are lots of smaller hotels and the YMCA near Central Park is great for young people. Eating out There are many kinds of food in New York and you shouldn’t eat at McDonald’s every day. There are good restaurants in little Italy and Chinatown, for example. Shopping   Shopping in New York is fun. There are big shops on 5th Avenue. They are open seven days a week. But be careful when you look at the prices, you have to pay a special 8% tax(税) on everything you buy in New York. Places to see   Finally, there are a lot of places to see in New York—Times Square, the Statue of Liberty. And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city. 1．How many kinds of public transport are mentioned(提到) in the second paragraph? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five. 2．“The Plaza” here is the name of ________. A．a restaurant B．a hotel C．an airport D．a shop 3．How much do you have to pay if you buy a book of $10 in New York? A．$10.8. B．$10.08. C．$18. D．$10. 4．When you visit New York, you should ________. A．eat at McDonald’s every day B．take a taxi whenever you go out C．stay at the best hotel D．climb the Statue of Liberty 5．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people can visit many places of interest in New York on foot B．people must travel by public transport in New York C．New York is not a good place for shopping D．people have to eat only one kind of food in New York 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了纽约的交通、购物、饮食以及景点等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“In New York there is a good bus and subway(地铁) service.”和“so you should take at least one taxi during your visit”可知，第二段提到了公共汽车、地铁和出租车3种交通工具，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“There are lots of good hotels in New York. The best is the Plaza on 5th Avenue but you don’t have to pay a lot to stay in the city”可知，此段介绍宾馆，因此“The Plaza”指代宾馆的名字，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“But be careful when you look at the prices, you have to pay a special 8% tax(税) on everything you buy in New York.”可知，你在纽约买的每样东西都要付8%的特别税。10×8%+10=10.8，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“And you shouldn’t go home without climbing the Statue of Liberty to enjoy the scenery of the city.”可知，你不应该不爬上自由女神像，欣赏城市的风景就回家。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“there are lots of places you can go to on foot”可知，有很多地方你可以步行去观赏，故选A。 Passage 2 Perfect guide to making a summer diary Imagine a summer full of adventures and discoveries. Now imagine collecting all of that excitement in a certain place just for you. Sounds exciting, right?     Why keep a summer diary? A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days. It’s a way to remember all your adventures, big and small, and all the things that make summer such a wonderful time. It is also a great place to show your ideas, and let your imagination run wild! The first step to get started Every great adventure begins with the right tools. For your summer diary, the first step is to find the perfect notebook. It could be a simple pocket notebook or a diary with a lock and key. Look for something that catches your eye, and don’t forget that it should have pages to last you the whole summer. Ideas to get more creative Here are some ideas to get you started ◇Daily Activities: Every day is an adventure! Write about what you did, saw or felt. ◇Nature Observations: You could write about a tiny insect you saw or the way the leaves rustle (make soft sounds when they move) in the wind. ☆Simple Doodles: A diary doesn’t have to be all about words. Paint something you saw, or draw a picture about your summer holiday. ◇Goals: What are your hopes for this summer or the new school year? Write them down and make a plan on how to achieve them. The reward of your summer diary By the end of the summer, you’ll have a collection of memories and experiences. It will remind you of all the fun you had and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. 1. The passage is mainly about _________. A．what to do in summer B．how to make a summer diary C．where to spend summer holidays D．when to write a summer diary 2. The underlined word “It” refers to _________. A．a summer party B．a summer adventure C．a summer diary D．a summer plan 3. The first step to start your summer diary is to _________. A．find a treasure box B．find a perfect notebook C．find a secret drawer D．find a lock and key 4. The writer suggests you can _________ when you start writing your summer diary. A．ask your parents for help B．paint or draw something you saw C．imagine what you will do D．invite your friend to work with you 5. _________ is NOT the reward of a summer diary. A．It will remind you of all the fun you had. B．It will show how much you’ve grown and learned. C．It is a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends. D．It is a chance for you to earn a lot of pocket money. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何写暑假日记。 1. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了如何制作一本暑假日记。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据“A summer diary is like a treasure (宝藏) box, filled with memories and experiences from your summer days.…It is also a great place to show your ideas, and let your imagination run wild!”可知，夏日日记装满了夏天的回忆和经历，这也是一个展示你的想法，让你的想象力驰骋的好地方，因此划线词“It”指代的是“a summer diary”。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据“For your summer diary, the first step is to find the perfect notebook.”可知，制作暑假日记的第一步是找到一本合适的笔记本。故选B。 4. 细节理解题。根据“A diary doesn’t have to be all about words. Paint something you saw, or draw a picture about your summer holiday”可知，文中给出写日记的建议是可以画画或涂鸦看到的东西。故选B。 5. 细节理解题。根据“By the end of the summer, you’ll have a collection of memories and experiences. It will remind you of all the fun you had and show how much you’ve grown and learned. It’s a gift you can keep and share with your family and friends.”可知，选项D“赚零花钱”并未在文章中提及，也不属于暑假日记能够带来的收获。故选D。 Passage 3 Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most famous scientists, believed that to live on, humans will one day have to move into space. “Once we spread out into space and set up independent colonies (定居点), our future should be safe,” he said. Today, the United States, Europe, Russia, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize (殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things, for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. At last, we could create new human societies on other planets. SpaceX is a company that builds rockets. Its founder and CEO, Elon Musk, also believes we should colonize Mars. He doesn’t want to send just “one little mission” though. His long-term goal is to put one million people on the planet in case something bad happens to us here on Earth. Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. In addition, these first people would find life extremely difficult in space. On the moon’s surface, for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time. Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar cities or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon. 1. What’s the main purpose (目的) of this passage? A．To give reasons for and against space colonization. B．To tell about what life would be like on the moon. C．To compare the environments of Mars and the moon. D．To let us know what the company SpaceX does. 2. Why are some countries planning to build lunar space stations? A．To learn more about the moon’s situation. B．To reduce the number of people living on Earth. C．To prepare humans to live on other planets. D．To show their technological strength. 3. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5? A．There are a few reasons not to send humans to space. B．A mission to Mars should be designed on a large scale. C．Many countries are planning missions to the moon. D．There are a number of reasons to travel to Mars. 4. What does “First stop: the moon” mean in the last paragraph? A．Everybody wants to visit the moon first. B．All spaceships to other planets have to stop at the moon first. C．The first place humans visit in space is the moon. D．The first human colony in space will likely be on the moon. 5. What’s the writer’s attitude toward sending people into space? A．The writer has a positive attitude. B．The writer has a negative attitude. C．The writer doesn’t mind it. D．We don’t know. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A 【导语】本文主要探讨了人类是否应该进行太空殖民，并列举了支持和反对的观点。 1. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文既提到了支持太空殖民的观点，也提到了反对的理由。因此，文章的主要目的是给出支持和反对太空殖民的理由。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.”可知，建立月球空间站的目的是为人类在其他星球上生活做准备。故选C。 3. 段落大意题。根据第五段“Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. Many say it’s too expensive...People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems...On the moon’s surface, for example, the sun’s rays are very dangerous.”可知，第五段主要列举了反对人类进入太空的几个理由，如高昂费用、长时间太空旅行带来的健康问题以及恶劣的太空环境。因此，该段的主旨是“存在一些反对人类进入太空的理由”。故选A。 4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“In the future, we might see lunar cities or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon.”可知，未来，我们或许会看到月球城市，甚至其他星球上诞生全新的人类文明。第一站将会是月球。由此可知，“First stop: the moon”意味着人类在太空殖民的第一站很可能是月球。故选D。 5. 观点态度题。根据最后一段“Despite these concerns, sending people into space seems certain.”可知，作者认为尽管存在一些担忧，但人类进入太空似乎是必然的，由此推知，作者对太空殖民持积极态度。故选A。 Passage 4 Miles and his dad were camping in the mountains. It was a warm, clear night. They lay outside, looking up at the sea of stars. Miles was watching a round object with bright green lights when suddenly it changed direction. It seemed to be leaving the sky and moving right toward them! “Look at that,” his dad said. “I’m looking,” said Miles. As they watched, the object sank behind the nearest hill. Without another word, both of them left their sleeping bags and climbed the hill. When they reached the top, they looked down the other side. They saw a spaceship, its green lights still glowing. Soon a hatch (舱口) opened. Two aliens came out! “What’s that…” breathed Miles's dad. “What should we do?” Miles whispered. “I’ll go talk to them,” said his dad. “You stay here.” One alien was tall and one was short. Miles’s dad held out his right hand and walked toward the tall one. Before he got close, though, the short alien pulled out something like a stick and zapped him. Miles watched in shock as his dad fell to the ground. The tall alien walked to Miles’s dad and poked (用手指戳) at him with happy curiosity. Then, although Miles hid in the shadows, the short alien walked straight toward him. It spoke in his head. “Earthling (地球人), your child will soon get better.” It turned back and pointed to Miles’s dad, who was already sitting up and looking around. “When it does,” the short alien continued, “you will be good to control your child. I will also control mine.” It pointed again, this time at the tall alien. “They can play together while you and I discuss important matters.” 1. The story took place ________. A．in the mountains B．in the sea C．in the outer space D．inside a round object 2. What’s the correct order of the following events? ①Miles and his dad climbed to the top of the hill. ②Two aliens appeared. ③A round object landed. ④Miles and his dad discussed what to do. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．③④①② D．③①②④ 3. What does the underlined word “zapped” mean? A．hit B．guided C．warned D．greeted 4. Why did the short alien choose to discuss important matters with Miles? A．Because Miles’s dad couldn’t understand him. B．Because he thought Miles was the adult. C．Because he wanted Miles’s dad to play with his child. D．Because he didn’t like Miles’s dad at all. 5. What does the author want to tell us? A．Too much curiosity can bring trouble to you. B．Nothing is more important than family. C．Things aren’t always what they seem. D．Making friends with aliens can be fun. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了Miles和他的爸爸在山里露营时，发现一个带有绿灯的圆形物体，随后跟随物体找到宇宙飞船并遇到外星人的奇妙经历。 1. 细节理解题。根据“Miles and his dad were camping in the mountains.”可知，这个故事发生在山里。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。通读全文，梳理事件顺序：首先Miles和爸爸看到一个圆形物体改变方向并落在最近的小山后面（③一个圆形物体着陆）；接着他们离开睡袋爬上小山顶部（①Miles和他的爸爸爬上山顶）；然后他们看到宇宙飞船，舱口打开后两个外星人出现（②两个外星人出现）；最后看到外星人后，Miles和爸爸小声讨论该做什么（④Miles和他的爸爸讨论该做什么）。因此正确顺序是③①②④。故选D。 3. 词句猜测题。根据“Miles watched in shock as his dad fell to the ground.”可知，爸爸被这个像棍子一样的东西击中后倒在了地上，结合语境可推测“zapped”意为“击中”。A选项hit（击打）符合题意。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。根据外星人所说的“you will be good to control your child. I will also control mine.”以及“They can play together while you and I discuss important matters.”，可知短外星人选择和Miles讨论重要事情，是因为他误以为Miles是成年人。故选B。 5. 主旨大意题。通读全文，Miles和爸爸一开始看到圆形物体时可能感到害怕，看到外星人电击爸爸时更是震惊，但后来发现外星人并没有恶意，只是存在误解（误将Miles当作成年人），由此可推断作者想告诉我们“事情并不总是像看上去的那样”。故选C。 Passage 5 At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. ▲ . It’s important for us to have a budget. In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and right money values step by step! 1. Where does money come from according to the text? A．Kids’ life lessons. B．Parents’ hard work. C．Good spending habits. D．The bank account. 2. Which of the following can be put in ▲ in Paragraph 3? A．We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. B．Parents shouldn’t give kids lots of pocket money. C．We shouldn’t know the value of money too early. D．Parents shouldn’t use money to control over their children. 3. What does the writer want kids to do by giving the example of buying a bicycle? A．To buy a wonderful notebook. B．To make a free spending choice. C．To set a goal of saving money. D．To have an experience of shopping. 4. What does the underlined word “satiate” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Relax. B．Interest. C．Surprise. D．Satisfy. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A．Causes of Spending Money B．Ways of Managing Money C．Purposes of Treating Money D．Conditions of Saving Money 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何通过生活中的一些经验教训来培养良好的消费习惯和正确的金钱观。 1. 细节理解题。根据“We need to know that our parents work hard to make money”可知，钱来源于父母的辛勤工作。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据“It’s important for us to have a budget…we should make smart spending choices.”可推知，空处应填入与合理消费相关的建议，结合选项可知，A项符合。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据“We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it we can save our pocket money.”可推知，作者通过买自行车的例子鼓励孩子们设定存钱目标。故选C。 4. 词句猜测题。根据“Reaching our goal will greatly satiate us.”可知，实现目标，应会感到非常满足，所以划线部分的含义是“满足”。故选D。 5. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文围绕“如何管理金钱”展开，列举了制定预算、设定目标等方法。故选B。 Passage 6 At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits. Don’t worry if we haven’t learned well how to save or spend money. The following life lessons about money can help us form good spending habits. Money doesn’t grow on trees. As kids, we don’t often think about where money comes from. We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day. Going to their workplaces to watch how they work is a great way to understand money is not that easy to make. We shouldn’t spend all our money in one go. It’s important for us to have a budget (预算). In other words, we need to think about how much money we have and what we really want to spend it on. Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices. We should set a clear goal and watch our money grow. If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money. How? Write down how much money we have in a notebook and watch it grow. After we have enough, we can buy that wonderful bicycle we’ve dreamed about! Reaching our goal will greatly satisfy (使满意) us. We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes. Do you know what a bank account (账户) is? If not, communicate with our parents. We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world. Without doubt, we should treat money in a right way. Actually, learning about money isn’t a hard job. From these lessons, we can get a sense of money management and a right attitude (态度) towards money gradually! 1. Who is the passage written for? A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Managers. D．Children. 2. What’s the writer’s opinion about the pocket money? A．We can use it to buy whatever we want. B．We need to make smart spending choices. C．It’s impossible to spend all the money in one go. D．We can ask more pocket money from our family. 3. Which of the following can help us form good spending habits? A．Not setting any goal for saving money. B．Spending all the money on one thing we like without thinking. C．Thinking that money can be got easily without knowing parents’ hard work. D．Talking with our parents about how money is used and where it goes. 4. Put these sentences into the right order according to the passage. a．Kids get a right attitude towards money gradually. b．Kids experience how money is spent in the real world. c．Kids can save their pocket money to buy wonderful things. d．Kids need to know money made by parents may be used up. A．a-b-d-c B．c-d-a-b C．d-c-b-a D．b-a-c-d 5. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何帮助孩子们形成良好的消费习惯。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章开头第一段“At an early age, we start learning how to manage money by watching our parents’ spending habits.”以及全文内容可知，文章针对的是孩子们。故选D。 2. 观点态度题。根据文章第三段“Realizing that our pocket money can’t cover everything we want, we should make smart spending choices.”可知，作者认为零花钱不能覆盖所有想要的东西，应该做出明智的消费选择。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We can talk with our parents about how money is used and where money goes.”可知，与父母讨论金钱的使用和去向有助于形成良好的消费习惯。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据文章内容顺序： 1. 第二段提到“We need to know that our parents work hard to make money, and that it may be used up one day” (对应d)； 2. 第四段提到“If we wish to own a new bicycle but can’t afford it, we can save our pocket money.” (对应c)； 3. 第五段提到“We can also go to the supermarket with our parents to experience how money is spent in the real world.” (对应b)； 4. 最后一段提到“we can get a sense of money management and a right attitude (态度) towards money gradually!” (对应a)。 正确顺序为d-c-b-a。故选C。 5. 篇章结构题。文章结构为： 1. 引入主题 (第一段)； 2. 分点说明 (第二至五段)； 3. 总结 (最后一段)。 因此结构为总—分—总，对应选项B的图示。故选B。 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $