基于语篇分析的七选五解题指导 课件-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026届二轮复习之 七选五突破 How to complete a gap-filling task based on discourse analysis ——基于语篇分析的七选五解题指导 1 1. To understand basic features of gap filling. 3.To design a gap-filling by applying the strategies. 2.To summarize the strategies of gap-filling. Learning objectives learn master apply 2 年份 卷别 体裁 主题 小标题 题目类型 主题语境 题材 段首 段中 段尾 2025 新高考1 说明文 人与社会 大学生咖啡员工为学生竭诚服务 无 0 4 1 新高考Ⅱ 人与社会 家庭志愿服务的好处 有 2 2 1 2024 全国新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会 使用英语词典的经验 无 1 4 0 全国新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 过度旅游及应对建议 有 1 3 1 全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 过度饮食及实践建议 无 1 3 1 2023 全国新课标Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与自我 自我原谅的方式 无 0 4 1 全国新课标Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会 初学者如何开始绘画 有 1 3 1 全国乙卷 说明文 人与自然 室内种植的好处和选择 无 0 3 2 全国甲卷 说明文 人与自我 如何培养耐心 有 1 3 1 说明文 主题语境常以人与社会为主题，说明文为体裁，偶尔考议论文和记叙文。一段一题，语篇结构以总-分-总常见，设空常在段首、段中、段尾，词数在300词左右 近三年高考七选五命题规律 01 考查目的：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 考试说明：既要在整体上对语篇结构进行宏观把握，又要在词汇、语法、结构等衔接方式进行微观分析的能力。 Discourse 语篇 structure 结构 logic 逻辑 content 内容 考查重点 gap-filling requirements micro level 微观角度 macro level 宏观角度 discourse cohesion 语篇衔接 lexical cohesion 词汇衔接 grammatical cohesion 语法衔接 logical cohesion 逻辑衔接 discourse coherence 语篇连贯 structure 结构 context 上下文语境 inference 推理 4 七选五语篇结构 说明文语篇结构模式有以下两种 一般——特殊模式(General—Particular Pattern)-非延续性文本 概括陈述 (general statement) 具体陈述/具体细节或举例 (details/examples) 问题——解决模式(Problem—Solution Pattern)-延续性文本 情境-问题 (situation-problem) 反应/解决 (response/solution) 评价/结果 (evaluation/result) 语篇结构主要有以下四种类型 立足语篇进行结构分析，将帮助我们理清结构，提炼主旨，快速答题, 对于标题类和主题句类设空解答大有帮助。 General Particular Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Para. 5 Para.1 宏观语篇分析——结构 2020 全国I卷 A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it …to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. __1__ Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ●__2__ Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. __3__ You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned. But, I tried my best.＂ ●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. __4__ ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. __5__ Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are? 图1 总——分 一般——特殊模式 宏观语篇分析——结构 提出问题： 解决办法： 总结结果： Personal Forgiveness 2023 全国I卷 Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. 图3 总——分——总 问题——解决模式 (2024新课标I卷) Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph. Strategy 1 宏观语篇分析 立足语篇，结构清晰 02 (2024新课标I卷) Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. Strategy 1 立足语篇，结构清晰 1.What's the structure of this passage? The importance of spelling correctly Three useful dictionaries The benefits of using dictionaries 2.Match the main idea of each part. Para.1 Para.2-4 Para.5 Para.1:The importance of spelling correctly Para.2-4:Three useful dictionaries Para.5:The benefits of using dictionaries DIctionary is important. A B C (2024新课标I卷) Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. Strategy 2 定位首尾，中段衔接 做出预选 段首 段中 段尾 Topic sentences Supporting sentences Concluding sentences 要么是段落主题句，要么是段落过渡句，因此选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对本段内容的概括。主旨句 过渡句 通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。主要以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充上文的具体事实、事例和说明。过渡句 解释句 通常为结论性、概括性语句，若不是结论性、概括性语句，则考虑是过渡句，即通过空格把本段与下一段巧妙地衔接起来。 优先做段首题和段尾题 总结句 过渡句 Strategy 3 分析选项，做好标记 (2024新课标I卷) A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 标记: 词汇（代词，逻辑关系词，名词）和句式 （祈使句，疑问句） Guess which sentences can be topic sentences and supporting sentences. 段首 E G 段中 A B C D F E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. Strategy 4 分析备选，排除干扰 ____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. 看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项 位置：段首 功能：主题句，引出下文 代词指代 照应（单数） 递进关系 E 从易到难 设空在段首 ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. .... ● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. 设空在段首 A 【2024 新高考II卷】 小标题—短小精悍，高度概括 Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. (38)The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy._French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. __39__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18! E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians. not the only reason the French eat less than E 段首—过渡句：承上启下 解释了法国人吃的少的原因 （2021新高考Ⅰ） Strategy 4 分析备选，排除干扰 Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. take the trouble to do:费劲做某事 位置：段中句 功能：承上启下；过渡句 承上启下 F 解释关系 看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项 A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. (That means ...对上文进行解释说明或下定义） 词汇复现 词汇衔接：词汇重述、同义转述 语义衔接：解释说明 设空在段中 A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. Strategy 4 分析备选，排除干扰 I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 位置：段中句 功能：承上启下；过渡句 看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项 因果关系 代词指代 B 设空在段中 Strategy 4 分析备选，排除干扰 In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. 看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项 A. I don't often use this dictionary. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. 位置：段中句 功能：承上启下；过渡句 消极 积极 积极 转折关系 照应（单数） 人称一致 A 设空在段中 Strategy 4 分析备选，排除干扰 For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 看位置-找线索-推逻辑-对选项 C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 位置：段中句 功能：承上启下；过渡句 转折关系 积极 句式结构一致 D 设空在段中 设空在段尾 （2023新课标Ⅱ） ·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___37___ F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 段尾—总结 设空在段尾 Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___ 【2024 新高考II卷】 A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. C 承接上文 Summary 七选五解题技巧 了解文章的语篇结构 掌握语篇的衔接手段 把握句际的逻辑关系 重视语篇的明显标志 语法衔接 词汇衔接 人称照应(it, them, she... ) 指示照应(this, that ,those, these) 原词复现、同/近义词、反义词复现和同源词复现 并列/递进、转折、因果、解释 行文标志 标点符号 有标识符号●，显然是个小标题 同类标题句式结构相同 03 21 Summary 七选五句际逻辑关系 Cohesive words 衔接词 并列/递进 转折 因果 解释 and, also, besides ,similarly ,furthermore, moreover, in addition, then, first, second… but, however, yet, on the contrary, otherwise, on the other hand, by contrast, rather than , … because, for, since, thus, so, due to,as a result, as, consequently, therefore, thanks to, … in other words, that is to say，in fact，actually, for example… 22 Summary 七选五解题策略 1.看 2.分析 3.找 4.推 5.对 (段首、段中、段尾) (代词，名词，逻辑关系词等) 先易后难 设空位置 7个选项、做好标记 线索: 逻辑: 选项: 注意: 1.要及时调整答案，避免连环错。 2.认真区分干扰项，避免二选一错误。 寻找题目前后在词汇、意义上的联系 瞻前顾后，思考题目前后在行文上的逻辑关系 核对选项的细节，带入文章。 23 Group work -—— If I were the examiner Supposing you are the examiner, which sentence will you choose for possible gap-filling? Tips for you: 设空位置 数量 技巧 段首 1 段中 3 段尾 1 小组活动---“假如我是命题老师” 24 命题文本 Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world­changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self­confidence at any time. It's something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but from their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. Requirements 1.One group is supposed to design at least 2 blanks. 2.Have a discussion, present your answers and give your reasons on the stage. “假如我是命题人”以2024新课标I卷七选五为例，如果你是命题老师，你会在哪些地方设空呢？以小组为单位，畅所欲言。 Group work 选取设空句子 原因 干扰项设计（选做） 组员1--小标题 组员2--段首或段中 组员3--段中 组员4--段尾 提示：注意以下两个方面思考： 1.语篇衔接：词法 （同义词/近义词、反义词复现；同源词复现；同一语境范畴词汇复现；原词复现） 语法（前后照应；句式衔接） 逻辑性（转折对比关系；例证解释关系；并列递进关系；因果关系） 2.语篇连贯：设空在句中位置（标题、段首、段中、段尾） 25 Group presentation evaluation form 小组展示评价表 Attribute Question Scores（1-5points) Content Do they design at least 2 blanks? Strategy Do they use as many strategies as possible? Presentation Do they express their ideas clearly? Marking Do they mark neatly and correctly? Bonus points Total scores: Assessment Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don't beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world­changing, just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you've done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self­confidence at any time. It's something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but from their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. Have a check! 先读全文搭框架 首尾段落定基调 代词转折线索找 逻辑关系是王道 同义复现有妙招 干扰选项先排掉 回填检查通顺好 七选五解题策略口诀： Assignment Must do: 1.Use the strategies we learned today to finish the gap filling. 2. Design an Error Analysis Chart (Categorize mistake types for each test item) 制作错题归因表（标注每题失分点类型） Choose to do: Design a complete gap-filling with 5 sentences, including topic sentence, supporting sentences and concluding sentences. 29 小组活动---自主命题 Plan Ahead or Live in the Present? In this fast-paced society,more people disagree with planning ahead,considering it a waste of time. In my opinion, being present has a lot of benefits while future planning is also quite necessary.The following are the reasons for this point. Planning is sometimes unnecessary because living in the moment is more productive and healthier. We should give each moment our full attention and make the most of it.As a matter of fact, people who enjoy living in the moment tend to overthink less and experience less anxiety. However, future planning can be helpful as it allows you to stay more grounded in achieving your dreams. When people make lists, they are able to reflect their past,listen to their heart, integrate their hobbies, passions, goals and routines. They even are able to mitigate problems or avoid them before they occur.Therefore, regardless of the outcomes, the process provides you with powerful tools to help you steer in the right direction. In conclusion, even though living in the present is encouraged for the general well-being of modern individuals, planning for the future is still a good tool to stay grounded in the present.We need to keep the balance between both. A balanced approach of enjoying every moment while keeping personal goals in mind may be the optimal way forward complex landscape. 选取设空句子 原因 干扰项设计（选做） 组员1--小标题 组员2--段首或段中 组员3--段中 组员4--段尾 提示：注意以下两个方面思考： 1.语篇衔接：词法 （同义词/近义词、反义词复现；同源词复现；同一语境范畴词汇复现；原词复现） 语法（前后照应；句式衔接） 逻辑性（转折对比关系；例证解释关系；并列递进关系；因果关系） 2.语篇连贯：设空在句中位置（标题、段首、段中、段尾） “假如我是命题人”以2024新课标I卷七选五为例，如果你是命题老师，你会在哪些地方设空呢？以小组为单位，畅所欲言。 Requirements 1.One group is in charge of a paragraph. 2.Have a discussion and present your answers on the stage. Group work Have a nice day! Enjoy reading! Enjoy gap filling! 31 $