上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试卷高二英语试题

**基本信息** 聚焦语言能力与思维品质，融合科技前沿（如AI技术、ZXMOTO夺冠）与文化议题（如莎士比亚作品、跨物种交流），梯度设计适配高二期中检测需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|28分|非谓语、时态、从句、倒装等核心语法|Section B以“真实自我”话题设题，考察语法运用与语篇连贯| |阅读理解|45分|细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意|选用爬行动物情感研究、AI伦理等素材，培养批判性思维| |概要写作|10分|信息提炼与语言概括|以“过度分享”话题引导反思社交沟通，提升思维品质| |翻译|15分|复杂句式与词汇运用|结合新闻真实性、导演作品等情境，考察语言综合表达|

华东师大二附中2025-2026学年第二学期期中考试卷 高二 英语 （考试时间：105分钟 卷面满分：115分） 命题人：李程 审题人：金乐 第I卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary: （28分） Section A （8分） Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. The explosion heard shortly before noon on Friday in Stockholm is thought _____ by the gas leak, according to witnesses. A. to be caused B. to have been caused C. of as being caused D. of to be caused 2. Chemical processes in the plastic manufacture the environment badly in some countries nowadays. A. involve ... damaging B. is involved ... damaged C. involving ... damage D. involved ... damage 3. I once in the countryside for ten years, and that’ s why I know much about vegetables and crops. A. had worked B. have worked C. was working D. worked 4. Thousands of fans Iraq’ s victory over the champion Japan when bombs exploded, leaving more than 50 dead and over 100 wounded. A. were celebrating…defending B. had celebrated…defending C. celebrated…defended D. were celebrating…defended 5. He invented a device of great importance to deep sea study. A. which some believe it is B. which some believe is C. some believe which is D. some believe it is 6. It was in Hudson Bay, ice melts in the summer and freezes in the fall, the polar bears’ terrible situation first came to light. A. where…that B. that…where C. that…that D. where…where 7. A problem immediately arose such a device would require a stable source of funds. A. making B. that making C. to make D. how to make 8. Only individuals take full responsibility for their own actions rather than shift blame to others truly mature and rational. A. do…can they become B. when…who will become C. when…can they become D. do…they will become 9. The scholar is still puzzled over the tension many people feel between religion and science. A. as B. how C. that D. when 10. The sun was hot and the mood was cheerful. a tall young man with pale skin rapidly turning red. A. Walked through the crowd B. Through the crowd walking C. Through the crowd walked D. Walking through the crowd 11. That’ s such a well known place everyone wants to visit we can find it on the map of the world. A. that…as B. as…as C. that…that D. as…that 12. Ambitious many national net-zero comitments sound, they are largely unbacked by enforceable laws and sufficient short-term emissions cuts. A. even B. as C. in D. how 13. Health authorities such sweeping restrictions once vaccination rates had reached a sufficiently high level. A. needn't have imposed B. mustn't have imposed C. shouldn't impose D. couldn't impose 14. all nations committed to environmental sustainability and supported on the global stage. A. May…be respected B. Shall…be respected C. Will…are respected D. Can…being respected 15. In a digitally connected world, social media platforms ranges from protecting user privacy to curbing the spread of misinformation and harmful content. A. what is expected of B. it is expected that C. where it is expected D. it is expected of 16. Whenever we hear of a natural disaster, even in a distant part of the world, we feel sympathetic to the people . A. to affect B. having been affected C. to have been affected D. affected Section B （10分） Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Be yourself — everyone else is taken In one of my favorite studies on the meaning in life, students were divided into three groups: one wrote about their "true self," another about their "everyday self," and the third about the campus bookstore. They then rated their sense of life meaning. The researchers were interested in (17) detail the participants provided in their various essays, their assumption being that the more detailed a description one provides about one's true self, the more likely one is (18) (get) authentically in touch with that sense of self. Not surprisingly, for those who wrote about their everyday self or the campus bookstore, the level of detail showed no relation to their sense of life meaning. Yet among those who wrote about their true selves, greater essay detail correlated with a stronger experience of life meaning. The empirical(实证) research backs up (19) philosophers proposed decades ago: There is great value in being able to live authentically and with oneself, and such self-actualization can make our lives feel truly worth (20) (live). As the late philosopher Lawrence Becker proclaimed, "Autonomous human lives have a dignity that is immeasurable, incommensurable, infinite, beyond price." This theoretical insight is backed up by recent empirical research in self-determination theory, which has argued 。forcefully that autonomy is a fundamental human need, the satisfaction of （21） is important for our psychological growth, integrity and well-being. As our body needs food and water for its wellness and health, so our mind needs a few basic psychosocial experiences for its wellness and health—and among these needs, autonomy stands tall. (22) the need for autonomy is built into the human motivational system, it is no wonder that we find 。something inherently worthy and (23) (fulfill) in being able to live authentically. Basic psychological needs provide a robust foundation for where to find meaning in life. And what (24) (apply) to whole lives is true also for individual tasks. In my studies, I have shown how having autonomy at work is one of the key qualities that makes work meaningful. While much of life’s meaning derives from human connection, one cannot truly connect with others (25) first being in touch with oneself; otherwise, it is not the genuine self‘but a hollow persona（人格面具） that engages with others. Only by understanding one’s identity and origins (26) one begin to relate to others authentically. Section C （10分） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word.more than you need. Chinese brand ZXMOTO's breakthrough win sparks online buzz Chinese motorcycle manufacturer ZXMOTO has sparked a wave of excitement across Chinese social media after (27) a·historic double victory at the Superbike World Championship (WSBK) in Portugal last weekend, in what many netizens see not only as a (28) moment for Chinese high-end manufacturing, but also as an underdog story worthy of a film script. Brand founder and owner Zhang Xue was (29) with emotion as he watched the races. At the Portimao circuit, French rider Valentin Debise, racing on a ZXMOTO machine, won both Race 1 and Race 2 in the World SSP category, which runs as a support class to WSBK. Widely regarded as one of the world's top production-based motorcycle racing series, the WSBK has long been dominated by (30) European and Japanese brands such as Ducati and Yamaha. ZXMOTO's success, thercfore, marked a rare moment for a Chinese motorcycle maker on the top of the podium. The first victory came on March 28, when Debise rode ZXMOTO's 820RR-RS to win Race 1 of the Portuguese round by nearly four seconds. He then returned the following day to (31) Race 2, completing a double triumph. The team's strong straight-line speed was especially noted by fans and commentators. What added to the surprise was the price gap of the motorcycles. Many Chinese netizens, as well as motorcycle。enthusiasts in overseas markets, noted this was (32) of China's manufacturing strength. "As the Chinese national flag was raised on the podium, and as Zhang Xue stood trackside with tears in his eyes, everyone (33) felt the sanje t'motion welling up. This was more than just a championship - it was the (34) cF China'z-motorcycle community after 20 years of perseverance, a milestone breaking the long-standing dominance of Europe, the US, and Japan." Founded in Chongqing and (35) the initials of its founder, ZXMOTO has risen rapidly in just two years, a trajectory many Chinese observers described as an inspiring example of the country's manufacturing ambitions. The team's achievement resonated far beyond the racing community. Zhang's name and the ZXMOTO brand quickly gained national attention, while motorcycle-related stocks in China also saw (36) amid the excitement. II. Reading Comprehension: （45分） Section A （15分） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Not-so cold blooded The word reptilian (爬虫类的) doesn't describe just lizards and snakes. When (37) humans, it means an unfriendly, unfeeling type of person. But scientists agree that reptiles aren't (38) — they're misunderstood. Extensive research has shown that reptiles experience a wide range of emotions and that they're highly socially complex animals. A growing body of research pushes back on the (39) notion that reptiles only have the capacity for survivai instincts and not for emotional intelligence. Despite this wealth of evidence demonstrating reptiles' emotional capacity, however, they've retained a reputation for being as (40) emotionally as they are physically. These misconceptions can lead to a lack of (41) for reptiles' needs in captivity（人工圈养） and in the wild, advocates say. As more and more reptilian species are threatened by habitat loss, scientists and conservationists say that recognizing reptiles' capacity for (42) can help pet owners and policymakers alike take better care of them. Yet the myth of the emotionless "lizard brain" (43) . Popularized in the 1970s by astronomer and science communicator Carl Sagan, the term refers to the parts of the human brain that we use for (44) . According to this misconception, the human brain evolved over time by adding (45) more sophisticated structures to this underdeveloped lizard brain, including the limbic (边缘的) system, which is the source of our emotions. Because reptiles are our evolutionary forerunners, some researchers long believed that this instinctual part of the brain was the only part that originated with our (46) ancestors — and that without humanlike brain structures, reptiles didn't have the capacity for emotions at all. Scientists have repeatedly disproven the misconception throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, with a 2019 review identifying 37 studies supporting reptiles’ emotional capacity.While they may not be outwardly (47) in the same way that humans or other mammals are, reptiles are indeed highly social animals and have developed complex (48) for parental care, courtship, and nesting.Yet even as research on reptile (49) continues to build, the stereotypes around reptilian emotions have persisted. Part of this is simply because reptiles (50) their emotions differently than humans. In a 2021 study, researchers found that lizards emit chemicals to communicate with each other, meaning they're much harder to (51) than their mammalian counterparts. 37. A. applied to B. bound by C. compared to D. relevant to 38. A. senseless B. hateful C. cruel D. emotionless 39. A. commonly ignored B. seemingly misleading C. widely accepted D. generally rejected 40. A. cold-blooded B. sensitive C. aggressive D. intelligent 41. A. ignorance B. awareness C. tolerance D. adaptability 42. A. emotion B. survival C. sensibility D. suffering 43. A. persists B. disappears C. changes D. emerges 44. A. emotional responses B. logical thinking C. social communication D. survival instinct 45. A. dramatically B. slightly C. progressively D. occasionally 46. A. furry B. feathered C. scaly D. leathered 47. A. attractive B. impressive C. cooperative D. expressive 48. A. rituals B. commands C. traditions D. rules 49. A. evolution B. domestication C. colonization D. socialization 50. A. hide B. experience C. show D. control 51. A. read B. trust C. capture D. approach Section B （22分） Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） When danger approaches, many creatures seem to follow the ancient proverb “the enemy of my enemy is my friend.” Researchers have recently found subtle ways that animals communicate with other species in this kind of cooperative defense pact. A recent study in Nature Ecology & Evolution documented more than 20 bird species on four continents that emit virtually identical “whining（哀鸣）” calls when they spot brood parasites such as cuckoos. That call, as ornithologist James Kennerley notes, is essentially a signal to recruit individuals of different species to come together against this common enemy. Brood parasites lay eggs in other birds’ nests, tricking the host parents into raising their chicks for them. At a field site in Australia, Kennerley has witnessed individuals from a dozen or more species attack a cuckoo in response to the chorus of whining calls They can be so fierce that Kennerley and his colleagues need to cage the taxidermy（标本） cuckoo used in their experiments to protect it from being destroyed. Many birds also share a common vocabulary for predators. Rescarch shows that various songbirds—and even red squirrels—produce recognizable high-pitched “seet” calls to warn of a raptor（猛禽） in flight. The calls are too high-pitched for raptors to hear well, so the predators remain unaware as information about their arrival spreads through the forest. Besides cooperative defense, cross-species communication also aids food-finding and migration, though some interactions may be accidental. Clearly, complex cross-species communication networks are pervasive and crucial for animals’ survival. 52. According to the passage, what do we know about the “whining” calls of birds? A. They are unique to each bird species. B. They are used to call for their own kind. C. They can attract different species to fight against cuckoos. D. They were first discovered by researchers in Australia. 53. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. all crossspecies communication is for defensive purposes B. raptors can easily detect the “seet” calls of songbirds C. Kennerley’s experiment failed because of the aggressive birds D. crossspecies communication is helpful to animals’ survival 54. Which of the following statements is inconsistent with the passage? A. Brood parasites depend on other birds to raise their chicks. B. Over 20 bird species on four continents use similar “whining” calls. C. Red squirrels can produce “seet” calls to warn of flying raptors. D. All cross-species communication is deliberately planned by animals. 55. Which of the following titles best fits the passage? A. Distant Diplomacy: Cross-species Communication in Animals B. Cooperative Defense Among Animals C. How Birds Warn Each Other of Dangers D. The Study of Animal Communication (B) Artificial intelligence (AI) is a potentially world-changing technology with dual prospects: it could help cure cancers, control autonomous cars, and augment human intelligence, yet there exists widespread concern that it might lead to a robot apocalypse and the downfall of humanity. In the last decade, a particular flavour of AI, called machine learning, has become extremely powerful. Rather than programmers giving machine learning AIs a definitive ·list of instructions, the AIs have to learn independently, with neural networks being the most prevalent approach. Neural networks A neural network is an intricate web of connections, inspired by the way neurons connect in the human brain. Inputs work their way through the network, guided by the strength of the connections, to generate appropriate outputs. Trained by thousands to millions of examples, they gradually refine their performance. Though neural networks have been around since the 1940s and 1950s, they only attained remarkable success recently, due to the huge rise in both the amount of data we produce and the amount of computer power available—both essential for their training. Without sufficient data or computing resources, even the most advanced neural network design would fail to deliver accurate results. Artificial general intelligence However, neural networks can’t do everything. A neural network trained to do one·thing is next to useless at doing something else. Thus, researchers are striving to create artificial general intelligence (AGI), which could perform any task that the human brain can. But we’re a long way from AGI at the moment, and there are apprehensions that it could surpass human intelligence and threaten humanity once realized. AI problems There’s no need to worry about AGI just yet, as we’re still far from reaching it. Instead, current AIs face pressing concerns. AI is already involved in making important decisions, such as parole eligibility in parts of the US, job suitability, loan approval, and insurance assessment. Yet AI is often biased, picking up prejudices from its training data—for instance, face recognition algorithms have lower accuracy for non-white men due to lack of diversity in data. Additionally, AI decisions are opaque; how neural networks reach conclusions is hard to analyse, making errors hard to diagnose and accountability hard to pinpoint, which impedes its use in trust-critical fields. 56. Which one is a necessary condition for neural networks to deliver accurate results? A. Being trained with massive examples and having advanced design. B. Being developed with the latest technology and tested in various fields. C. Being inspired by the way neurons connect in the human brain and well-trained. D. Having sufficient data and powerful computing resources. 57. Which of the following is true about AGI? A. It has been initially developed and tested in some scientific fields. B. It is a future goal that is not yet achieved. C. It is an upgraded version of specialized AI to handle complex tasks. D. It will definitely bring threats to humanity if fully developed. 58. What does the underlined word “opaque” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A. Clear and easy to understand B. Reliable and trustworthy C. Unclear and hard to explain D. Complex and unchangeable （C） Outgoing personality traits are often associated with top corporate roles, but new research suggests businesses miss out when they fail to find and promote executives with more understated styles. Harvard Business School researcher Francesca Gino has found that introverts can play a crucial role in leading teams. She and her collaborators asked bosses to rate how extroverted they considered themselves and then studied how their teams worked. They found that extroverts were more dominant, drove conversations and were less receptive to new ideas. Introverts, on the other hand, listened to ideas, internalized them and were able to improve team performance. Gino said that introverts demonstrate superior performance when they are leading a team of proactive workers. It seems it's easier for extroverts to climb the corporate ladder, she noted. A 2009 study conducted by researchers found that 60 percent of top level executives displayed high levels of extroversion. But introverts clearly have something to offer, Gino said, citing examples of successful introverted leaders, such as Amazon's Jeff Bezos and Bill Gates. Extroverts feel more energized by social interactions whereas introverts are more energized by solitude—but this isn't necessarily linked to how shy or good at, say, public speaking, someone is, says Nancy Ancowitz, a business communication coach and author of Selfpromotion for Introverts: The Quiet Guide to Getting Ahead. Introverts can use simple cues to make sure their value is not overlooked, Ancowitz said. “Sometimes it’ s raising a finger, leaning forward, saying someone’ s name—any of those cues can work. The important part is you need to be heard, you need to make your contributions known, otherwise you can get passed up for the raises and other people get the credit for your hard work.” Some·leadership traits might come a little bit more naturally to extroverts, according to Jennifer Kahnweiler, an executive coach. Kahnweiler, who defines introverts as low-key thinkers who are energized by solitude and prefer in-depth conversation to casual chatter, interviewed introverted executives who successfully climbed the corporate ranks. These leaders had learned to put careful thought into their social presentation at work and to manage expectations so that bosses and co-workers could see the up-side of their personal work style. The executives she studied had a hyperawareness about how they were viewed and managed it to their benefit. According to Gino of Harvard Business School, one of the key takeaways from her research is that anyone can learn to practice effective leadership. She found that regardless of their personality type, when pushed to try different styles, people were able to learn the positive leadership characteristics of both introverts and extroverts. 59.Unlike an extrovert, an introverted leader performs best when . A. he is engaged in meaningful conversations B. the workers he leads often take the initiatives C. he improves on the new ideas proposed by workers D. he becomes a collaborator to his boss and workers 60. Introverted leaders make their presence felt by . A. overcoming shyness in public speaking B. working hard and contributing to shared goals C. sending out verbal or nonverbal signals D. getting credit for what they have done 61. Like the extroverts, introverted leaders . A. tend to be low-key but efficient thinkers. B. know how to conduct conversation with workers. C. expect their workers and bosses to respect them. D. try to manage how other people look at them. 62. The new research mainly tells us that .. A. introverts can also become great corporate leaders B. introverts should follow the examples of extroverts C. introverts should change their leadership styles D. the best leaders combine the styles of introverts and extroverts Section C （8分） Directions: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why do we lie? Your dog really did eat your homework, and you have no idea who took the last biscuit from the sweet jar. Lying is in your nature, but don't worry -- it's in the nature of most humans. 63. . Humans are social creatures, and we have our giant brains to thank for this. They evolved to be so large because we needed the extra space to be successful at communicating with others and keeping our social group happy. This has a lot of advantages. By building bonds with others, you gain access to more resources, as friends and family will share food and shelter, helping you out when you need it. But to keep these close connections sometimes we need to lie, as it supports social bonds, and therefore you are more likely to survive and pass on your genes. 64. . Ever told a friend you loved their cooking? Or lied to your mom about accidentally breaking something? That's these evolutionary mechanisms kicking in, and whether it was to protect your reputation or just avoid upsetting someone, it probably worked well to protect your relationships (if you didn't get caught that is). Whatever reason you are lying, and however complex the lie, there are three main parts of the brain that you use when you're lying. These parts become more active when you lie, and they can be seen using functional MRI scanners — a much more advanced version of a lie detector. However, we've not always had the technology to help us detect a liar. For most of history, we have relied on our observation and social skills. We learned how to monitor other people's behaviors for signs they were not telling the truth — unusual eye contact, sweating more than usual, or elaborating on a story with details that just don't sound believable. As our ability to lie evolved, so did our ability to detect lies. 65. . Sometimes lying is used to manipulate others for personal gains, such as cheating people out of money. 66. . III. Summary Writing（10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. In Defense of Oversharing Think about an ordinary day. You feel annoyed after a meeting but say nothing. You pull back from a friend who said something that hurt you, without explaining why. We rarely even consider that revealing a personal truth is an option. And when we do, we tend to think about it in an unfair way: We overestimate the risks and underestimate the benefits. Imagine you are considering whether to tell a friend that their comment hurt you. You will probably worry that your friend might get defensive, feel awkward, or think you're being oversensitive. What's less likely to come to mind are the risks of staying silent: lingering resentment（怨恨）, a pattern of emotional distance, or a pattern of misunderstandings that slowly hurts the relationship. This. skew（偏差） makes a certain psychological sense. The social costs of revealing are often immediate and instinctive: an awkward pause, a fleeting look of discomfort. These moments threaten and teach us quickly what to avoid. The benefits of revealing, by contrast一corrected assumptions, increased trust, a feeling of being known一tend to unfold quietly and over time. They're harder to feel in the moment, which makes them easy to discount. But the problem runs deeper than individual psychology. The very way we talk about oversharing is flawed. We treat revealing as a personality trait一something you either have or don't. You're either "the kind.of person who overshares," or not. But revealing wisely is a skill. And like any skill, it improves with practice, feedback, and reflection. Treating revealing as a skill makes it less scary. Skills can be learned. They can be done imperfectly without being disastrous. And perhaps most importantly, appreciating the benefits of revealing usually requires actually doing it. Silence never teaches us what might have happened if we had spoken. Only revealing does. For most people, getting better at this skill doesn't mean turning every interaction into a confessional（坦白）. It means revealing a bit more than you normally would: explaining a reaction instead of swallowing it, sharing a constraint instead of letting others misinterpret your behavior, naming uncertainty instead of projecting confidence you don't feel. These are not grand acts of vulnerability. They are small moves that make our social lives run more smoothly. 67. 第II卷 I. Spelling (5分) Directions: Write out the words according to the relevant definitions. The first letter is given to you. 68. s adj. better than average or better than other people or things of the same type 69. p n. the point when somebody / something is best, most successful, strongest, etc. 70. r n. opposition to authority; being unwilling to obey rules or accept normal standards of behaviour, dress, etc. 71. r v. to refuse to accept or consider something 72. s n. the place and time at which the action of a play, novel, etc. takes place 73. c n. the reporting of news and sport in newspapers and on the radio and television 74. p n. the correct relationship in size, degree, importance, etc. between one thing and another or between the parts of a whole 75. u adv. by everyone 76. t v. to find or discover somebody / something by looking carefully for them / it 77. c adj. that makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting II. Recitation （6分） Directions: Fill in each blank with the missing words according to the text. Text 1 Romeo and Juliet is a story of love, hate and teenage __78__ __79___ strict parents. Macbeth shows the dangers of __80__ __81___. Othello deals with __82__, __83__ and __84___. Text 2 However, there are serious __85__ problems.Unlike traditional journalism, citizen journalism is largely unregulated, with little or no __86__--there is no one to check the facts or trace sources. Such __87__ stories can cause __88__ or __89__ affect the lives of ordinary people. III. Phrases （6分） Directions: Filling in the blanks with the proper forms of the phrases given in the box. Each phrase can be used only once. There are two more phrases than you need. arm…with be superior to fall apart in proportion toconvert…into extend…to deprive…of 90. Consumers increasingly consider handmade crafts machine-made goods in terms of cultural value and artistic appeal! 91. comprehensive evidence and cross-border intelligence, law enforcement agencies have successfully cracked several large-scale cyberfraud rings. 92. Children trapped in poverty-stricken areas equal access to quality education and sufficient medical resources. 93. preferential tax policies small and micro enterprises has become a crucial step in stabilizing employment and stimulating growth. 94. The rewards obtained from hard work are rarely the time and energy invested in the early stages of a career. 95. Many local communities risk economically if long-term investment and industrial upgrading continue to be delayed. IV. Translation 15% (3+3+4+5) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 96. 新闻圈是个信息繁杂，内容常常真伪难辨的领域。(where) 97. 这位导演对骨肉亲情的刻画入木三分，打动了各个年龄段的观众，这并不让人意外。(surprise) 98. 尽管时光飞逝，莎士比亚的作品依然魅力不减，超越时空文化差异，树立文学至高标杆。(remain) 99. 仿佛是为了凸显英语的包容性，即便存在本土对应词汇，海量外来词依然被纳入日常使用之中。(as if) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $