Unit 4 Adversity and courage 派生法清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

U4 Adversity and courage学生练习卷 Part 1 查字典：写出下列同源词的词义。 1. endure (v.)忍耐 → endurance (n.)__________ →enduring(adj.) _________________ 2. persevere (v.)坚持 →perseverance (n.) ______________→persevering(adj.) __________ 3. resolve (v.)决心 → resolute(adj.)__________→resolution(n.) __________ 4. fortunate (adj.)幸运的 →fortunately (adv.) __________ →unfortunately(adv.) ____________ →fortune(n.) _________________→misfortune(n.) _________________ 5. enthusiasm (n.)热情→enthusiastic(adj.) _________________→enthusiast(n.) __________ →enthusiastically (adv.) _________________ 6. miserable(adj)痛苦的→misery (n.) __________ →miserably(adv) __________ 7. genuine (adj.)真诚的 → genuinely(adv)__________ → genuineness(n.)__________ 8. selfish (adj.)自私的 → self(n.)__________ →selfless(adj) __________→ selfishness(n)________ → selfishly(adv.)__________→ selflessly(adv.)__________→selflessness(n.)__________ 9. qualify (v.)使具备资格→ qualification(n.)__________ →qualified(adj.) __________→ disqualify(v.)__________ 10. abandon (v.)抛弃,遗弃 →abandoned(adj) __________ → abandonment(n.) __________ Part 2 一词多义:阅读每个单词的多种释义，然后根据句子选择正确释义的序号。 单词1：sink ① v. 下沉，沉没 ② v. 使下沉 ③ n. 水槽 1. The ship struck a rock and began to sink. → 释义 ______ 2. Please wash your hands in the sink. → 释义 ______ 3. His heart sank when he found out he failed the math test.→ 释义 ______ 单词2：crush ① v. 压碎，压坏 ② n. 拥挤的人群 ③ n. 迷恋，热恋 1. The machine crushes stones into powder. → 释义 ______ 2. He had a huge crush on his English teacher. → 释义 ______ 单词3：bark ① n. 树皮 ② v. （狗）吠叫 ③ n. 吠叫声 1. The dog barks loudly whenever someone rings the bell. → 释义 ______ 2. Some trees have very rough bark. → 释义 ______ 单词4：bat ① n. 球拍 ② n. 蝙蝠 ③ v. 用球拍击球 1. He swung the bat and hit the ball out of the park. → 释义 ______ 2. Bats sleep during the day and hunt at night. → 释义 ______ 单词5：volume ① n. 体积，容积 ② n. 音量 ③ n. （书的）卷，册 1. Can you turn up the volume? I can’t hear anything. → 释义 ______ 2. The volume of the box is 2 cubic meters. → 释义 ______ 3. Previously, water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists.→ 释义 ______ Part 3 句子填空:用本单元所给单词或短语的正确形式完成句子。 （备选词：abandon, bitter, crew, decent, envy, genuine, miserable, perseverance, turn sb down, keep one’s spirits up） 1. After three job interviews, he was __________ again. (被拒绝) 2. The __________ of the ship worked day and night to fix the engine. (全体船员) 3. Despite the freezing cold, they managed to __________ by singing songs. (保持振作) 4. She looked at my new car with __________ because hers was broken. (羡慕) 5. It was a __________ winter morning; the wind cut through our coats like a knife. (严寒的；刺骨的) Part 4 句子翻译：将下列中文句子翻译成英文，必须使用括号内的提示词。 1. 他下定决心要完成这次南极探险，尽管困难重重。（resolve; expedition; despite） 2. 船快要沉了，船长命令所有人立刻弃船。（sink; order; abandon） 3. 只有拥有真正毅力的人才能在逆境中坚持下去。（genuine; perseverance; adversity; hold on） 4. 他们曾拒绝了我的申请，但我没有灰心，最终找到了一份体面的工作。（turn down; lose heart; decent） 参考答案 Part 1 同源词变化 1. endure (v.) 忍耐 → endurance (n.) 忍耐力，耐力 → enduring (adj.) 持久的，能忍耐的 2. persevere (v.) 坚持 → perseverance (n.) 毅力，坚持 → persevering (adj.) 坚持不懈的 3. resolve (v.) 决心 → resolute (adj.) 坚决的，果断的 → resolution (n.) 决心；决议 4. fortunate (adj.) 幸运的 → fortunately (adv.) 幸运地 → unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地 → fortune (n.) 运气；财富 → misfortune (n.) 不幸，厄运 5. enthusiasm (n.) 热情 → enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的，热心的 → enthusiast (n.) 热心者，爱好者 → enthusiastically (adv.) 热情地 6. miserable (adj.) 痛苦的 → misery (n.) 痛苦，悲惨 → miserably (adv.) 痛苦地，可怜地 7. genuine (adj.) 真诚的 → genuinely (adv.) 真正地，真诚地 → genuineness (n.) 真实，真诚 8. selfish (adj.) 自私的 → self (n.) 自我，自身 → selfless (adj.) 无私的 → selfishness (n.) 自私 → selfishly (adv.) 自私地 → selflessly (adv.) 无私地 → selflessness (n.) 无私 9. qualify (v.) 使具备资格 → qualification (n.) 资格，学历 → qualified (adj.) 有资格的，胜任的 → disqualify (v.) 取消…的资格 10. abandon (v.) 抛弃，遗弃 → abandoned (adj.) 被抛弃的，废弃的 → abandonment (n.) 抛弃，放弃 Part 2 一词多义 单词1 ① ③① 单词2 ① ③ 单词3 ② ① 单词4 ① ② 单词5 ② ①① Part 3 句子填空 1. turned down 2. crew 3. keep their spirits up 4. envy 5. bitter Part 4 句子翻译（参考译文，允许多种表达） 1. He resolved to complete the Antarctic expedition, despite all the difficulties. 2. The ship was sinking, and the captain ordered everyone to abandon ship immediately. 3. Only those with genuine perseverance can hold on in adversity. 4. They turned down my application, but I didn’t lose heart and finally found a decent job. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $