Unit 8 Natural disasters 构词法-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（冀教版）

该初中英语Unit 8 Natural disasters构词法复习任务单，以合成法和派生法为核心，通过系统梳理合成名词、代词构成规则及否定前缀、高频后缀变化规律，构建“规则学习-专项练习-综合应用”的递进式学习路径，帮助学生形成完整的构词知识框架。 亮点在于结合单元主题“自然灾害”设计多样化任务，如单句语法填空、完成句子及6篇阅读理解，强化构词法在语境中的应用，培养语言能力和学习能力。资料提供清晰的规则总表和使用注意事项，既支持学生自主复习，又为教师实施针对性单元复习提供结构化指导。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 Natural disasters（新教材冀教版） （构词法） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：合成法（复合词）总表 本表系统梳理合成名词、合成代词构成规则与例词，清晰好记。 类别 构成方式 典型例词 合成名词 名词 + 名词 earthquake, classroom, basketball 形容词 + 名词 blackboard, highway 副词 + 名词 outside, outdoor 合成代词 代词 + self myself, themselves some/any + thing something, anything 使用注意事项 1. 合成词是两个独立单词合并而成，整体作为一个新词使用。 例句：I have a new basketball. 2. 合成名词在句中作主语、宾语等，按普通名词使用。 例句：The blackboard is clean. 二：派生法（前缀 + 后缀）总表 本表覆盖否定前缀、高频后缀，完全对应考试词性转换考点。 类型 词缀 含义 变化规则 例词 前缀 un- 不、非 形容词前 happy → unhappy dis- 相反 动词 / 形容词前 appear → disappear im-/in- 不 形容词前 polite → impolite 后缀 -ment 表名词 动词后 develop → development -er / -or 表人 / 物 动词后 work → worker -ful 充满… 的 名词后 care → careful -less 无… 的 名词后 care → careless -ly 副词 形容词后 quick → quickly -ness 表名词 形容词后 happy → happiness 使用注意事项 1. 前缀只改变词义，不改变词性；后缀改变词性，词义相近。 例：happy（adj.）→ unhappy（adj.）；care（n.）→ careful（adj.） 2. -ful 表示 “充满”，-less 表示 “没有”，二者互为反义。 例：careful → careless；hopeful → hopeless 3. 后缀 -ly 加在形容词后通常变为副词，但 friendly 仍是形容词。 例：quick（adj.）→ quickly（adv.） 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. It is ________ (happy) to live in a quiet and peaceful place. 答案：happy 解析：句意：住在安静祥和的地方是幸福的。it is + 形容词 + to do，happy 是形容词，直接使用。 2. He felt ________ (safe) after seeing the policeman. 答案：safe 解析：句意：看到警察后他感到安全。feel 是系动词，后接形容词 safe 作表语。 3. The storm made many people ________ (home) last night. 答案：homeless 解析：句意：昨晚暴风雨让很多人无家可归。home 加后缀 -less 表示 “无家的”。 4. We must be ________ (care) when we cross the street. 答案：careful 解析：句意：过马路时我们必须小心。care 后加 -ful 构成形容词 careful。 5. The ________ (develop) of our city is very fast. 答案：development 解析：句意：我们城市的发展很快。develop 后加 -ment 变成名词。 6. It is ________ (possible) for us to finish the work in such a short time. 答案：impossible 解析：句意：我们不可能在这么短时间完成工作。possible 前加否定前缀 im-。 7. He answered the question ________ (clear). 答案：clearly 解析：句意：他清楚地回答了问题。clear 后加 -ly 变成副词修饰动词。 8. The ________ (kind) of people moved us deeply. 答案：kindness 解析：句意：人们的善良深深感动了我们。kind 后加 -ness 变成名词。 9. Don’t be ________ (honest). We should tell the truth. 答案：dishonest 解析：句意：不要不诚实，我们应该说实话。honest 前加否定前缀 dis-。 10. My father is a ________ (drive). He works hard every day. 答案：driver 解析：句意：我爸爸是一名司机。drive 后加 -r 表示职业。 11. The earthquake caused a lot of ________ (damage). 答案：damage 解析：句意：地震造成了很大破坏。damage 可作不可数名词，直接使用。 12. It is ________ (safe) to run on the stairs. 答案：unsafe 解析：句意：在楼梯上跑是不安全的。safe 前加否定前缀 un-。 13. We should ________ (courage) each other when in trouble. 解析：句意：遇到困难时我们应该互相鼓励。courage 前加 en- 变成动词 encourage。 14. The wind is blowing ________ (strong) outside. 答案：strongly 解析：句意：外面风刮得很大。strong 后加 -ly 变成副词修饰动词 blow。 15. The ________ (dark) made us feel afraid. 答案：darkness 解析：句意：黑暗让我们感到害怕。dark 后加 -ness 变成名词。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这条河过去很干净，但现在被污染了。 The river was clean, but now it is ________. 答案：polluted 解析：句意：这条河过去干净，现在被污染了。pollute 变为过去分词作形容词。 2. 没有希望的人容易感到难过。 People who are ________ are easy to feel sad. 答案：hopeless 解析：句意：没有希望的人容易难过。hope 后加 -less 表示 “无望的”。 3. 他不开心，因为他没通过考试。 He is ________ because he didn’t pass the exam. 答案：unhappy 解析：句意：他不开心因为没通过考试。happy 前加 un- 表示 “不开心的”。 4. 我们应该有礼貌，不要粗鲁。 We should be ________ and not rude. 答案：polite 解析：句意：我们应该有礼貌，不粗鲁。polite 是形容词，直接使用。 5. 粗心是许多事故的起因。 ________ is the cause of many accidents. 答案：Carelessness 解析：句意：粗心是很多事故的原因。careless 后加 -ness 变成名词。 6. 请大声清楚地朗读课文。 Please read the text ________ and clearly. 答案：loudly 解析：句意：请大声清楚朗读课文。loud 后加 -ly 变成副词。 7. 地震后很多人变得无家可归。 Many people became ________ after the earthquake. 答案：homeless 解析：句意：地震后很多人无家可归。home 加 -less 表示 “无家的”。 8. 他的善良让我们很感动。 We were moved by his ________. 答案：kindness 解析：句意：我们被他的善良感动。kind 后加 -ness 构成名词。 9. 对我们来说保持安全很重要。 It’s important for us to keep ________. 答案：safe 解析：句意：保持安全对我们很重要。keep 后接形容词 safe。 10. 不要害怕，勇敢一点。 Don’t be afraid. Be ________. 答案：brave 解析：句意：别害怕，要勇敢。brave 是形容词，直接使用。 11. 他不高兴，因为没人帮他。 He is ________ because no one helped him. 答案：unhappy 解析：句意：他不高兴因为没人帮他。happy 前加 un- 表否定。 12. 我们必须小心火灾。 We must be ________ of fire. 答案：careful 解析：句意：我们必须小心火灾。be careful of 是固定搭配。 13. 没有水和食物，我们会死。 We will die ________ water or food. 答案：without 解析：句意：没有水和食物我们会死。without 表示 “没有”。 14. 他不诚实，所以没人相信他。 He is ________, so nobody believes him. 答案：dishonest 解析：句意：他不诚实所以没人信他。honest 前加 dis- 表否定。 15. 阳光明媚，我们很开心。 The sunshine is ________, and we feel happy. 答案：bright 解析：句意：阳光明媚，我们很开心。bright 是形容词，直接使用。 Passage 1 Now Dianzan is one of the most popular words on the Internet. When you feel someone’s articles are 1 , or you are touched by what someone writes, you can click (点击) the praise sign. Anyhow, clicking the praise sign 2 that you agree with someone or praise someone. Dianzan is a kind of Chinese Internet language. People 3 use it when they surf the Internet. There is a function (功能) of Dianzan in QQ space. QQ has had the function 4 2010. It didn’t become very popular until Sina blog (新浪博客) 5 the function of Dianzan. In recent years, it has become more and more popular. When the 2015 New Year came, Chinese leaders used the word Dianzan to praise and express their 6 to the great Chinese people. Websites can know how many people support some ideas by counting the 7 of people clicking the praise sign. Experts can know 8 kids are caring about through what they click the sign for. That can help them solve children’s 9 . Clicking the praise sign is really a(n) 10 thing. Have you ever clicked the sign for anybody on the Internet? 1．A．ugly B．bad C．terrible D．wonderful 2．A．means B．tells C．points D．answers 3．A．never B．often C．seldom D．hardly 4．A．after B．while C．before D．since 5．A．stopped B．refused C．finished D．started 6．A．dislikes B．thanks C．answers D．decisions 7．A．number B．spirit C．feeling D．interest 8．A．why B．when C．what D．where 9．A．plans B．dreams C．problems D．resolutions 10．A．easy B．heavy C．right D．difficult 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了网络流行词“点赞”的含义、起源、发展及其作用。 1．句意：当你觉得某人的文章很精彩，或者被某人写的内容打动时，你可以点击点赞按钮。 根据“you can click (点击) the praise sign”可知，觉得某人的文章很精彩会点赞，应用wonderful。 2．句意：无论如何，点击点赞按钮意味着你同意或赞扬某人。 此处是点赞按钮的含义，点击点赞按钮意味着你同意或赞扬某人，故选means。tells“告诉”、points“指向”、answers“回答”，均不能表达“意味着”的含义。 3．句意：人们上网时经常使用它。 根据前文“Now Dianzan is one of the most popular words”可知，点赞是流行行为，人们经常点赞，应选often。 4．句意：QQ自2010年起就有了这个功能。 since与现在完成时“has had”搭配，构成“since+年份”结构，表示“自某时起”。 5．句意：直到新浪博客推出点赞功能，它才真正流行起来。 QQ很早就有点赞功能但没流行，直到新浪博客推出（开始有）点赞功能后才火，started符合逻辑。 6．句意：2015年新年到来时，中国领导人用“点赞”一词来赞扬和表达对伟大中国人民的感谢。 领导人给人民点赞称赞，是表达感谢，thanks符合语境。 7．句意：网站可以通过统计点击点赞按钮的人数来了解有多少人支持某些观点。 网站通过统计点赞的人数得知支持度，the number of是固定搭配表“……的数量”，符合“计数”的语境。 8．句意：专家可以通过孩子们为哪些内容点赞，了解他们关心什么。 空格处引导宾语从句，作caring about的宾语，表示“关心的内容”，应用what。 9．句意：这可以帮助他们解决孩子们的问题。 固定搭配solve problems“解决问题”，符合语境。 10．句意：点击点赞按钮真的是一件很容易的事。 点赞只需要一次点击，操作非常简单容易，easy符合文意， Passage 2 Joe enjoys being the youngest kid in the family. He doesn’t have to do as 1 housework as Emily and Molly and doesn’t have to go to school. He can play most of the day. Joe is allowed (允许) to 2 with his best friend Timmy, but his mother says he must stay in the yard at all times. Joe doesn’t like this. Emily and Molly could cross the street 3 they want. Why can’t he? One day, when Joe was playing soccer with Timmy, the ball rolled (翻滚) across the street. Joe knew that he shouldn’t 4 the yard. But he thought it would only take him one minute to 5 the ball back to the yard. So he ran out of the yard. When he was going to get the ball, a white car came and almost hit him. Just then his mother came out and shouted, “Get out of the street, Joe! Right now!” Joe 6 came back into the yard. “I’m so sorry, Mom. I almost got killed,”Joe cried loudly. “You’re 7 now,” Mom said. “Why do I always 8 the rules? I know the rules but I just don’t want to follow 9 ,” Joe said. “At first, people have a problem with rules. Everyone wants to do things in his own 10 . But when you understand that rules can save you from danger, you’ll follow the rules,” Mom said. 1. A．much B．many C．little D．lot 2. A．talk B．drive C．sing D．play 3. A．however B．whenever C．wherever D．whatever 4. A．pass B．leave C．clean D．see 5. A．drop B．throw C．get D．sell 6. A．early B．slowly C．quietly D．quickly 7. A．dangerous B．safe C．surprised D．clean 8. A．break B．follow C．take D．make 9. A．it B．me C．them D．us 10. A．way B．mean C．kind D．interest 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文讲述了小男孩Joe因不遵守家里的规矩险些遭遇危险，之后妈妈借此向他讲解遵守规则的意义的故事。 1. 句意：Joe是家里最小的孩子，他不用像Emily和Molly一样做很多家务，也不用上学。 housework为不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数，much修饰不可数名词，little表几乎没有，lot不能直接修饰名词，故A选项符合题意。 2. 句意：Joe被允许和他最好的朋友Timmy一起玩耍，但是妈妈说他必须一直待在院子里。 结合后文踢足球的情节，play表示“玩耍”符合句意，talk交谈、drive驾驶、sing唱歌均不符合语境。 3. 句意：Emily和Molly无论何时想要出门，都可以穿过马路。 whenever表示“无论何时”，符合句子语境；however然而、wherever无论何地、whatever无论什么均句意不符。 4. 句意：Joe知道他不应该离开院子。 leave表示“离开”，结合前文妈妈要求他待在院子里的设定，符合句意；pass经过、clean打扫、see看见均不符合语境。 5. 句意：但是他认为只需要一分钟就能把球捡回来。 get表示“取回、拿回”，契合捡球的场景；drop掉落、throw扔、sell售卖均不符合句意。 6. 句意：Joe迅速回到了院子里。 结合前文险些被车撞到的惊险场景，quickly“快速地”符合语境；early早地、slowly缓慢地、quietly安静地均不符合情境。 7. 句意：妈妈说：“你现在安全了。” 对应前文险些遭遇车祸的情节，safe“安全的”符合句意；dangerous危险的、surprised惊讶的、clean 干净的均不符合语境。 8. 句意：Joe说：“为什么我总是违反规则？” 固定搭配break the rules表示“违反规则”，符合人物自责的语气；follow遵守、take拿、make制定均不符合句意。 9. 句意：我知道这些规则，但是我就是不想遵守它们。 代词指代前文复数名词rules，用宾格them；it指代单数名词、me我、us我们均指代不符。 10. 句意：一开始，人们都会抵触规则，每个人都想要用自己的方式做事。 固定搭配in one’s own way表示“用某人自己的方式”，符合句意；mean意思、kind种类、interest兴趣均搭配不符。 Passage 3 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Would you mind 1 after your sick mum and brother at home every day? Somebody may say “Yes”. But to me, it is hard but full of pleasure. My name is Charlie and I’m 15 years old. At school, I look like most others of my age. At home, things are a bit 2 . My mum is badly ill. She can’t go out. I was nine 3 my mum got ill. I just thought she was different to everyone else’s mum. She didn’t ever go out or take 4 to the park. I didn’t talk to her or anyone else about it. I 5 my mum every day after school. I go into town and pay her bills. It’s hard to deal with the 6 sometimes. I try to go for a walk when I’m stressed (紧张的) or write poems. Also, I’m 7 a second mummy. My brother is 11 years old and he has a special illness, too. So I have to look after him besides my mum. The hardest thing is that I don’t really 8 time with anyone outside of school. I’m more grown up than 9 people of my age. I stay at home and look after my mum and my brother. I’m 10 on going to college after school to study childcare, and I really want to be a photographer. Although it’s hard, I do get pleasure from knowing how much I’m helping my mum and my brother. 1. A．looked B．looking C．looks D．to look 2. A．serious B．similar C．different D．difficult 3. A．when B．where C．if D．how 4. A．her B．him C．you D．me 5. A．try out B．put up C．hand out D．care for 6. A．improvement B．pressure C．discussion D．encouragement 7. A．in B．with C．about D．like 8. A．take B．cost C．spend D．pay 9. A．another B．others C．other D．other’s 10. A．working B．studying C．trying D．planning 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D 【导语】本文讲述了15岁的Charlie在家中承担起照顾生病母亲和患有特殊疾病的11岁弟弟的重任的故事。 1. 句意：你介意每天在家照顾生病的妈妈和弟弟吗？ 根据“Would you mind...after your sick mum and brother at home every day?”可知，mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，此处指照顾生病的妈妈和弟弟，look after“照顾”，符合语境。 2. 句意：在家里，情况有点不同。 根据“At school, I look like most others of my age. At home, things are a bit...”可知，此处指在学校和在家情况不同，different“不同的”，符合语境，serious“严肃的”、similar“相似的”、difficult“困难的”均不符合。 3. 句意：我九岁时妈妈生病了。 根据“I was nine...my mum got ill.”可知，此处指我九岁时妈妈生病了，when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境，where“哪里”、if“如果”、how“如何”均不符合。 4. 句意：她从来没有出去过，也没有带我去过公园。 根据“She didn’t ever go out or take...to the park.”可知，此处指妈妈没有带我去过公园，me“我”，符合语境，her“她”、him“他”、you“你”均不符合。 5. 句意：我每天放学后照顾妈妈。 根据“I...my mum every day after school.”可知，此处指放学后照顾妈妈，care for“照顾”，符合语境，try out“试验”、put up“张贴”、hand out“分发”均不符合。 6. 句意：有时应对压力很难。 根据“It’s hard to deal with the...sometimes.”及前文可知，此处指应对压力很难，pressure“压力”，符合语境，improvement“提高”、discussion“讨论”、encouragement“鼓励”均不符合。 7. 句意：此外，我就像一个第二个妈妈。 根据“Also, I’m...a second mummy.”可知，此处指我像一个第二个妈妈，like“像”，符合语境，in“在……里面”、with“和”、about“关于”均不符合。 8. 句意：最困难的是我在校外没有时间和任何人在一起。 根据“The hardest thing is that I don’t really...time with anyone outside of school.”可知，此处指在校外没有时间和任何人在一起，spend time with sb.“和某人一起度过时间”，符合语境，take“花费（时间/金钱）”物作主语、cost“花费（金钱）”、pay“支付”均不符合。 9. 句意：我比其他同龄人更成熟。 根据“I’m more grown up than...people of my age.”可知，此处指比其他同龄人更成熟，other“其他的”，修饰名词people，符合语境，another“另一个”、others“其他人/物”、other’s“其他人的”均不符合。 10. 句意：我计划毕业后去上大学学习儿童护理，我真的很想成为一名摄影师。 根据“I’m...on going to college after school to study childcare”可知，此处指计划毕业后去上大学学习儿童护理，plan on doing sth.“计划做某事”，符合语境，working“工作”、studying“学习”、trying“尝试”均不符合。 Passage 4 Lin Tao felt tired with his busy school life. He often had much 1 from his homework and exams. Even on weekends, he was stuck with books, so he wanted to 2 something new. One day, his friend said, “Why not take up a new hobby? It might help you relax. ” Lin Tao thought about it for days. He wanted to try calligraphy, but he was 3 that he couldn’t hold the brush right or use ink properly. Later, with his friend’s encouragement, he joined a weekend class. His 4 was a kind old man. However, the old man was also 5 . “Each stroke (一笔) needs patience (耐心),” the teacher said, and his words 6 Lin Tao a lot. At first, writing each single (单个) character (字) was hard. The ink often spread (散开；晕开), and Lin Tao almost wanted to 7 . However, he 8 to keep trying and practicing after school and asking the teacher for advice. Two months later, he could 9 his love for Chinese culture through beautiful characters. 10 , he even won a prize in a school competition. This brought him a strong sense of happiness and made his life more colorful. 1. A．stress B．failure C．joy D．pleasure 2. A．trust B．eat C．try D．sense 3. A．afraid B．sad C．angry D．happy 4. A．instructor B．programmer C．doctor D．teenager 5. A．scared B．strict C．old-fashioned D．friendly 6. A．reduced B．allowed C．ignored D．inspired 7. A．get over B．give up C．give in D．move on 8. A．dealt B．returned C．managed D．chatted 9. A．dream B．change C．replace D．express 10. A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Quickly D．Unluckily 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了林涛因学业压力大而尝试学习书法，在严格老师的激励下坚持练习，最终能通过汉字表达热爱并获奖，生活变得更加多彩。 1. 句意：他经常因家庭作业和考试而感到很大的压力。 根据前文“felt tired with his busy school life”，学业带来的应是压力，应选stress。failure（失败）、joy（快乐）、pleasure（愉悦）均不符合。 2. 句意：所以他想尝试一些新的事物。 根据“take up a new hobby”建议，他想尝试新事物，应选try。trust（信任）、eat（吃）、sense（感觉）均不符合。 3. 句意：但他担心自己拿不好毛笔或不会正确用墨。 根据后文“couldn’t hold the brush right”表达的担忧情绪，应选afraid（害怕的）。sad（悲伤的）、angry（生气的）、happy（高兴的）均不符合。 4. 句意： 他的老师是一位和善的老人。 根据“joined a weekend class”以及后文老师说话，应选instructor（指导者/老师）。programmer（程序员）、doctor（医生）、teenager（青少年）均不符合。 5. 句意： 然而，这位老人也很严格。 根据后文老师的话“Each stroke needs patience”体现严格要求，且与“kind”形成转折补充，应选strict（严格的）。scared（害怕的）、old-fashioned（过时的）、friendly（友好的）均不符合。 6. 句意：他的话极大地激励了林涛。 老师的话对林涛产生积极影响，应选inspired（激励）。reduced（减少）、allowed（允许）、ignored（忽略）均不符合。 7. 句意：林涛几乎想要放弃。 根据前文“The ink often spread”困难重重，应选give up（放弃）。get over（克服）、give in（屈服，常指向压力投降，但不如give up直接）、move on（继续前进）均不符合。 8. 句意：然而，他设法坚持继续练习——放学后练习并向老师请教。 表示“设法做成某事”，应选managed（设法）。dealt（处理，需加with）、returned（返回）、chatted（聊天）均不符合。 9. 句意：两个月后，他能通过漂亮的汉字表达对中华文化的热爱。 表示“表达”情感，应选express（表达）。dream（梦想）、change（改变）、replace（代替）均不符合。 10. 句意：令人惊讶的是，他甚至在一次学校比赛中获奖。 从困难到获奖是意想不到的，应选Surprisingly（令人惊讶地）。Importantly（重要的是）、Quickly（快速地）、Unluckily（不幸地）均不符合。 Passage 5 Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) though he was 1 in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 2 , but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town examined (检查) him 3 , but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 4 spoke. There might be something wrong with his 5 and he doesn’t know he’s able to speak,” one doctor said. “But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green. “We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.” “It’s certainly 6 ,” another doctor said. “Perhaps he’ll be able to speak some day.” 7 passed. Leo went to a university, but he still did not say any 8 . One day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning (先兆), he looked up from his meal and said, “ 9 me the salt, please.” Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried. “Why did you 10 so long to speak?” “I didn’t have anything to say,” he said. “Until now everything was perfect, but you forgot to put salt in the potatoes.” Mr. and Mrs. Green just sat there with their mouths widely open. 1. A．happy B．different C．normal D．similar 2. A．speak B．walk C．play D．laugh 3. A．quickly B．sadly C．carefully D．quietly 4. A．never B．often C．usually D．always 5. A．back B．hair C．face D．mind 6. A．unhappy B．strange C．noisy D．quiet 7. A．Hours B．Weeks C．Months D．Years 8. A．words B．numbers C．names D．articles 9. A．Add B．Give C．Put D．Bring 10. A．ask for B．look for C．pay for D．wait for 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文讲述了Leo从小不会说话，父母带他看医生也查不出问题，直到有一天在餐桌上他突然开口要盐，原来是因为之前一切都很完美，没什么可说的。 1. 句意：他似乎在其他方面都很正常，但却是哑的。 根据下文医生检查不出问题，且他能读能写，可知他在其他方面“正常”，normal“正常的”符合。happy“开心的”、different“不同的”、similar“相似的”与正常发育不符。 2. 句意：格林夫妇尝试了一切方法让他说话，但没有成功。 根据上文Leo不会说话，父母想让他“说话”，speak“说话”符合。walk“走路”、play“玩耍”、laugh“笑”与语言能力不符。 3. 句意：当Leo六岁时，镇上最好的医生仔细检查了他，但没有发现任何问题。 根据下文医生找不出问题，可知他们“仔细地”检查，carefully“仔细地”符合。quickly“快速地”、sadly“悲伤地”、quietly“安静地”与检查严谨性不符。 4. 句意：他就是从不说话。 根据上文他不会说话，且医生找不出问题，可知他“从不”说话，never“从不”符合。often“经常”、usually“通常”、always“总是”与沉默事实矛盾。 5. 句意：“可能是他的大脑有问题，他不知道他能说话，”一位医生说。 根据上文他不会说话但能读写，医生怀疑是“大脑”问题，mind“大脑，心智”符合。back“背”、hair“头发”、face“脸”与说话能力不符。 6. 句意：“这确实很奇怪，”另一位医生说。 根据上文医生无法解释他不说话的原因，认为这“很奇怪”，strange“奇怪的”符合。unhappy“不开心的”、noisy“吵闹的”、quiet“安静的”与费解现象不符。 7. 句意：多年过去了。 根据下文Leo上了大学，可知“多年”过去了，Years“多年”符合。Hours“小时”、Weeks“周”、Months“月”与上大学的时间跨度不符。 8. 句意：Leo上大学了，他仍然没有说话。 say words“说话”为动词短语，表示说出词语，words“话语”符合。numbers“数字”、names“名字”、articles“文章”与说话内容不符。 9. 句意：没有任何预兆，他正吃着饭突然抬起头，说道：“请把盐递给我。” 根据上下文，Leo在餐桌上要盐，表达请求别人把盐递过来，应用Give“给”，Give me the salt“把盐给我”符合生活场景。Put“放”与要盐的动作不符，Bring“带来”通常指从别处带来，不如Give直接。 10. 句意：“你为什么等这么久才说话？” 根据上文他一直不说话，父母问他为什么“等”这么久，wait for“等待”为动词短语，wait符合。ask for“要求”、look for“寻找”、pay for“支付”与等待行为不符。 Passage 6 Last Friday, Tina was excited because her class was going on a spring outing the next day. After school, she 1 some cold noodles and ice juice at a street stand (货摊), and ate them on her way home. Before going to bed, she chatted with her friend Lily online about the coming class outing 2 . Around midnight, Tina woke up and felt a sharp pain. Her 3 hurt so badly that she could hardly stand. She began feeling dizzy (眩晕的). “Mum!” she called out. Her mum rushed in and took her temperature. “Oh no, you have a 4 . It’s 38.5 degrees!” she said. Mum took Tina to the hospital. The doctor 5 Tina and asked what she had for dinner. “You ate something that wasn’t fresh,” he said. He gave Tina’s mum a box of 6 and told Tina, “Take one pill after each meal and drink more warm water.” Back home, Tina had to 7 on her bed. She texted Lily, “I can’t go on the outing because I’m 8 .” Lily replied quickly, “I’m sorry to hear that. But I’ll take photos for you.” After resting for a while and taking medicine, Tina felt more 9 . Lily visited her after the outing. She not only shared photos, but also gave something to Tina: Some beautiful postcards 10 get-well messages from classmates. Tina was deeply moved. 1. A．bought B．returned C．sold D．pushed 2. A．quickly B．patiently C．strictly D．happily 3. A．nose B．throat C．stomach D．hand 4. A．toothache B．fever C．cough D．headache 5. A．crossed B．shocked C．advised D．checked 6. A．fruit B．medicine C．sugar D．yogurt 7. A．rest B．play C．read D．smoke 8. A．energetic B．nervous C．sick D．harmful 9. A．excited B．comfortable C．scared D．upset 10. A．but B．or C．nor D．and 【答案】 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 【导语】本文讲述了蒂娜因为吃了不新鲜的路边摊食物而生病发烧，无法参加第二天的春游。她在同学莉莉的安慰和妈妈的照顾下服药休息，病情好转。春游结束后，莉莉不仅给她看了照片，还带来明信片和同学们的祝福，蒂娜深受感动。 1. 句意：放学后，她在街边小摊买了一些凉面和冰果汁。 根据语境，她买了食物边走边吃，故“bought”符合逻辑。 2. 句意：睡觉前，她与朋友莉莉在线愉快地聊着即将到来的班级出游。 根据前文“Tina was excited”可知，她心情愉快地聊天，故“happily”符合语境。 3. 句意：她的胃疼得厉害，几乎站不稳。 根据前文她吃了冷面和冰果汁，以及后文医生问晚餐吃了什么，可知是胃部不适，故“stomach”符合语境。 4. 句意：“哦不，你发烧了，38.5度！”妈妈说。 体温38.5度表明发烧，故“fever”符合语境。 5. 句意：医生检查了蒂娜，并问她晚餐吃了什么。 医生对病人进行检查，故“checked”符合语境。 6. 句意：他给了蒂娜的妈妈一盒药，并对蒂娜说：“每餐后吃一片药，多喝温水。” 根据后文“take one pill”可知是药品，故“medicine”符合语境。 7. 句意：回到家，蒂娜不得不在床上休息。 生病后需要休息，故“rest”符合语境。 8. 句意：我不能去春游了，因为我生病了。 前文提到她发烧胃疼，故“sick”意为“生病的”，符合语境。 9. 句意：休息了一会儿并吃了药后，蒂娜感觉舒服多了。 病情好转后身体感觉舒适，故“comfortable”符合语境。 10. 句意：她不但分享了照片，而且还给蒂娜一些东西：一些漂亮的明信片，还有来自同学们的康复祝福。 明信片与祝福信息之间是并列关系，故“and”符合语境；“but”表转折，“or”表选择，“nor”表否定并列，均不符合。 12 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 8 Natural disasters（新教材冀教版） （构词法） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：合成法（复合词）总表 本表系统梳理合成名词、合成代词构成规则与例词，清晰好记。 类别 构成方式 典型例词 合成名词 名词 + 名词 earthquake, classroom, basketball 形容词 + 名词 blackboard, highway 副词 + 名词 outside, outdoor 合成代词 代词 + self myself, themselves some/any + thing something, anything 使用注意事项 1. 合成词是两个独立单词合并而成，整体作为一个新词使用。 例句：I have a new basketball. 2. 合成名词在句中作主语、宾语等，按普通名词使用。 例句：The blackboard is clean. 二：派生法（前缀 + 后缀）总表 本表覆盖否定前缀、高频后缀，完全对应考试词性转换考点。 类型 词缀 含义 变化规则 例词 前缀 un- 不、非 形容词前 happy → unhappy dis- 相反 动词 / 形容词前 appear → disappear im-/in- 不 形容词前 polite → impolite 后缀 -ment 表名词 动词后 develop → development -er / -or 表人 / 物 动词后 work → worker -ful 充满… 的 名词后 care → careful -less 无… 的 名词后 care → careless -ly 副词 形容词后 quick → quickly -ness 表名词 形容词后 happy → happiness 使用注意事项 1. 前缀只改变词义，不改变词性；后缀改变词性，词义相近。 例：happy（adj.）→ unhappy（adj.）；care（n.）→ careful（adj.） 2. -ful 表示 “充满”，-less 表示 “没有”，二者互为反义。 例：careful → careless；hopeful → hopeless 3. 后缀 -ly 加在形容词后通常变为副词，但 friendly 仍是形容词。 例：quick（adj.）→ quickly（adv.） 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. It is ________ (happy) to live in a quiet and peaceful place. 2. He felt ________ (safe) after seeing the policeman. 3. The storm made many people ________ (home) last night. 4. We must be ________ (care) when we cross the street. 5. The ________ (develop) of our city is very fast. 6. It is ________ (possible) for us to finish the work in such a short time. 7. He answered the question ________ (clear). 8. The ________ (kind) of people moved us deeply. 9. Don’t be ________ (honest). We should tell the truth. 10. My father is a ________ (drive). He works hard every day. 11. The earthquake caused a lot of ________ (damage). 12. It is ________ (safe) to run on the stairs. 13. We should ________ (courage) each other when in trouble. 解析：句意：遇到困难时我们应该互相鼓励。courage 前加 en- 变成动词 encourage。 14. The wind is blowing ________ (strong) outside. 15. The ________ (dark) made us feel afraid. 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这条河过去很干净，但现在被污染了。 The river was clean, but now it is ________. 2. 没有希望的人容易感到难过。 People who are ________ are easy to feel sad. 3. 他不开心，因为他没通过考试。 He is ________ because he didn’t pass the exam. 4. 我们应该有礼貌，不要粗鲁。 We should be ________ and not rude. 5. 粗心是许多事故的起因。 ________ is the cause of many accidents. 6. 请大声清楚地朗读课文。 Please read the text ________ and clearly. 7. 地震后很多人变得无家可归。 Many people became ________ after the earthquake. 8. 他的善良让我们很感动。 We were moved by his ________. 9. 对我们来说保持安全很重要。 It’s important for us to keep ________. 10. 不要害怕，勇敢一点。 Don’t be afraid. Be ________. 11. 他不高兴，因为没人帮他。 He is ________ because no one helped him. 12. 我们必须小心火灾。 We must be ________ of fire. 13. 没有水和食物，我们会死。 We will die ________ water or food. 14. 他不诚实，所以没人相信他。 He is ________, so nobody believes him. 15. 阳光明媚，我们很开心。 The sunshine is ________, and we feel happy. Passage 1 Now Dianzan is one of the most popular words on the Internet. When you feel someone’s articles are 1 , or you are touched by what someone writes, you can click (点击) the praise sign. Anyhow, clicking the praise sign 2 that you agree with someone or praise someone. Dianzan is a kind of Chinese Internet language. People 3 use it when they surf the Internet. There is a function (功能) of Dianzan in QQ space. QQ has had the function 4 2010. It didn’t become very popular until Sina blog (新浪博客) 5 the function of Dianzan. In recent years, it has become more and more popular. When the 2015 New Year came, Chinese leaders used the word Dianzan to praise and express their 6 to the great Chinese people. Websites can know how many people support some ideas by counting the 7 of people clicking the praise sign. Experts can know 8 kids are caring about through what they click the sign for. That can help them solve children’s 9 . Clicking the praise sign is really a(n) 10 thing. Have you ever clicked the sign for anybody on the Internet? 1．A．ugly B．bad C．terrible D．wonderful 2．A．means B．tells C．points D．answers 3．A．never B．often C．seldom D．hardly 4．A．after B．while C．before D．since 5．A．stopped B．refused C．finished D．started 6．A．dislikes B．thanks C．answers D．decisions 7．A．number B．spirit C．feeling D．interest 8．A．why B．when C．what D．where 9．A．plans B．dreams C．problems D．resolutions 10．A．easy B．heavy C．right D．difficult Passage 2 Joe enjoys being the youngest kid in the family. He doesn’t have to do as 1 housework as Emily and Molly and doesn’t have to go to school. He can play most of the day. Joe is allowed (允许) to 2 with his best friend Timmy, but his mother says he must stay in the yard at all times. Joe doesn’t like this. Emily and Molly could cross the street 3 they want. Why can’t he? One day, when Joe was playing soccer with Timmy, the ball rolled (翻滚) across the street. Joe knew that he shouldn’t 4 the yard. But he thought it would only take him one minute to 5 the ball back to the yard. So he ran out of the yard. When he was going to get the ball, a white car came and almost hit him. Just then his mother came out and shouted, “Get out of the street, Joe! Right now!” Joe 6 came back into the yard. “I’m so sorry, Mom. I almost got killed,”Joe cried loudly. “You’re 7 now,” Mom said. “Why do I always 8 the rules? I know the rules but I just don’t want to follow 9 ,” Joe said. “At first, people have a problem with rules. Everyone wants to do things in his own 10 . But when you understand that rules can save you from danger, you’ll follow the rules,” Mom said. 1. A．much B．many C．little D．lot 2. A．talk B．drive C．sing D．play 3. A．however B．whenever C．wherever D．whatever 4. A．pass B．leave C．clean D．see 5. A．drop B．throw C．get D．sell 6. A．early B．slowly C．quietly D．quickly 7. A．dangerous B．safe C．surprised D．clean 8. A．break B．follow C．take D．make 9. A．it B．me C．them D．us 10. A．way B．mean C．kind D．interest Passage 3 根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Would you mind 1 after your sick mum and brother at home every day? Somebody may say “Yes”. But to me, it is hard but full of pleasure. My name is Charlie and I’m 15 years old. At school, I look like most others of my age. At home, things are a bit 2 . My mum is badly ill. She can’t go out. I was nine 3 my mum got ill. I just thought she was different to everyone else’s mum. She didn’t ever go out or take 4 to the park. I didn’t talk to her or anyone else about it. I 5 my mum every day after school. I go into town and pay her bills. It’s hard to deal with the 6 sometimes. I try to go for a walk when I’m stressed (紧张的) or write poems. Also, I’m 7 a second mummy. My brother is 11 years old and he has a special illness, too. So I have to look after him besides my mum. The hardest thing is that I don’t really 8 time with anyone outside of school. I’m more grown up than 9 people of my age. I stay at home and look after my mum and my brother. I’m 10 on going to college after school to study childcare, and I really want to be a photographer. Although it’s hard, I do get pleasure from knowing how much I’m helping my mum and my brother. 1. A．looked B．looking C．looks D．to look 2. A．serious B．similar C．different D．difficult 3. A．when B．where C．if D．how 4. A．her B．him C．you D．me 5. A．try out B．put up C．hand out D．care for 6. A．improvement B．pressure C．discussion D．encouragement 7. A．in B．with C．about D．like 8. A．take B．cost C．spend D．pay 9. A．another B．others C．other D．other’s 10. A．working B．studying C．trying D．planning Passage 4 Lin Tao felt tired with his busy school life. He often had much 1 from his homework and exams. Even on weekends, he was stuck with books, so he wanted to 2 something new. One day, his friend said, “Why not take up a new hobby? It might help you relax. ” Lin Tao thought about it for days. He wanted to try calligraphy, but he was 3 that he couldn’t hold the brush right or use ink properly. Later, with his friend’s encouragement, he joined a weekend class. His 4 was a kind old man. However, the old man was also 5 . “Each stroke (一笔) needs patience (耐心),” the teacher said, and his words 6 Lin Tao a lot. At first, writing each single (单个) character (字) was hard. The ink often spread (散开；晕开), and Lin Tao almost wanted to 7 . However, he 8 to keep trying and practicing after school and asking the teacher for advice. Two months later, he could 9 his love for Chinese culture through beautiful characters. 10 , he even won a prize in a school competition. This brought him a strong sense of happiness and made his life more colorful. 1. A．stress B．failure C．joy D．pleasure 2. A．trust B．eat C．try D．sense 3. A．afraid B．sad C．angry D．happy 4. A．instructor B．programmer C．doctor D．teenager 5. A．scared B．strict C．old-fashioned D．friendly 6. A．reduced B．allowed C．ignored D．inspired 7. A．get over B．give up C．give in D．move on 8. A．dealt B．returned C．managed D．chatted 9. A．dream B．change C．replace D．express 10. A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Quickly D．Unluckily Passage 5 Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) though he was 1 in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 2 , but with no success. When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town examined (检查) him 3 , but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 4 spoke. There might be something wrong with his 5 and he doesn’t know he’s able to speak,” one doctor said. “But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green. “We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.” “It’s certainly 6 ,” another doctor said. “Perhaps he’ll be able to speak some day.” 7 passed. Leo went to a university, but he still did not say any 8 . One day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning (先兆), he looked up from his meal and said, “ 9 me the salt, please.” Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited. “You spoke! You spoke!” they cried. “Why did you 10 so long to speak?” “I didn’t have anything to say,” he said. “Until now everything was perfect, but you forgot to put salt in the potatoes.” Mr. and Mrs. Green just sat there with their mouths widely open. 1. A．happy B．different C．normal D．similar 2. A．speak B．walk C．play D．laugh 3. A．quickly B．sadly C．carefully D．quietly 4. A．never B．often C．usually D．always 5. A．back B．hair C．face D．mind 6. A．unhappy B．strange C．noisy D．quiet 7. A．Hours B．Weeks C．Months D．Years 8. A．words B．numbers C．names D．articles 9. A．Add B．Give C．Put D．Bring 10. A．ask for B．look for C．pay for D．wait for Passage 6 Last Friday, Tina was excited because her class was going on a spring outing the next day. After school, she 1 some cold noodles and ice juice at a street stand (货摊), and ate them on her way home. Before going to bed, she chatted with her friend Lily online about the coming class outing 2 . Around midnight, Tina woke up and felt a sharp pain. Her 3 hurt so badly that she could hardly stand. She began feeling dizzy (眩晕的). “Mum!” she called out. Her mum rushed in and took her temperature. “Oh no, you have a 4 . It’s 38.5 degrees!” she said. Mum took Tina to the hospital. The doctor 5 Tina and asked what she had for dinner. “You ate something that wasn’t fresh,” he said. He gave Tina’s mum a box of 6 and told Tina, “Take one pill after each meal and drink more warm water.” Back home, Tina had to 7 on her bed. She texted Lily, “I can’t go on the outing because I’m 8 .” Lily replied quickly, “I’m sorry to hear that. But I’ll take photos for you.” After resting for a while and taking medicine, Tina felt more 9 . Lily visited her after the outing. She not only shared photos, but also gave something to Tina: Some beautiful postcards 10 get-well messages from classmates. Tina was deeply moved. 1. A．bought B．returned C．sold D．pushed 2. A．quickly B．patiently C．strictly D．happily 3. A．nose B．throat C．stomach D．hand 4. A．toothache B．fever C．cough D．headache 5. A．crossed B．shocked C．advised D．checked 6. A．fruit B．medicine C．sugar D．yogurt 7. A．rest B．play C．read D．smoke 8. A．energetic B．nervous C．sick D．harmful 9. A．excited B．comfortable C．scared D．upset 10. A．but B．or C．nor D．and 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $