Unit 4 Rules make for a better life! 一般现在时的被动语态-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（冀教版）

该初中英语单元学案以“一般现在时的被动语态”为核心，通过“结构梳理-用法辨析-综合应用”的递进式任务设计，引导学生从掌握肯定、否定、疑问句式结构，到辨析不同用法及标志词，最终实现单句填空、句子翻译和语篇补全的综合运用，构建完整的语法学习路径。 亮点在于“知识框架表+专项练习+语篇应用”的三维设计，通过结构总表系统梳理语法规则，单句填空巩固基础，语篇补全任务提升语言运用能力，有效培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。为教师提供从基础到综合的系统复习方案，助力高效单元教学实施。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 Rules make for a better life!（冀教版） （一般现在时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：一般现在时被动语态结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配例句，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken around the world. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The room isn’t cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 Where is the room cleaned? 使用注意事项 1. 被动语态判断技巧：主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。 例句：The desk is made of wood. 桌子是被制作的。 2. 一般现在时被动语态必须用 am/is/are + 过去分词，be 动词随主语变化。 例句：Flowers are watered every morning. 二：一般现在时被动语态用法 & 标志词总表 本表覆盖用法、标志词、常考短语，完全对应教材考点。 用法 时间标志 常考短语 典型例句 经常性被动动作 every day, often, usually be used for 被用于 Knives are used for cutting. 客观事实 / 规律 无特殊标志 be made of 由… 制成 Paper is made from wood. 规定 / 制度 always, must be allowed to 被允许 Students are allowed to read here. 状态 / 覆盖 无特殊标志 be covered with 被覆盖 The ground is covered with snow. 使用注意事项 1. 主动语态变被动语态：宾语变主语，动词变 be + 过去分词。 例句：We clean the room. → The room is cleaned by us. 2. 不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen, appear, rise。 例句：The sun rises. 不能说成 The sun is risen. 3. 过去分词要拼写正确，规则动词加 ed，不规则需牢记。 例：speak → spoken；make → made；see → seen。 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. English ________ (speak) all over the world. 2. The classroom ________ (clean) every day. 3. Trees ________ (plant) in spring every year. 4. The cup ________ (make) of glass. 5. Children ________ (allow) to play here. 6. The top of the mountain ________ (cover) with snow. 7. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China. 8. These magazines ________ (read) by many students. 9. The walls of the room ________ (paint) white. 10. This song ________ (sing) by many people. 11. Papers ________ (collect) every Monday. 12. The meeting ________ (hold) in the hall. 13. Animals ________ (protect) by us. 14. This kind of car ________ (make) in China. 15. The old man ________ (look after) well. 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 学生们每天被要求穿校服。 Students ________ ________ to wear uniforms every day. 2. 这条河被严重污染了。 The river ________ ________ badly. 3. 这种杯子是玻璃做的。 This kind of cup ________ ________ of glass. 4. 教室每天都被打扫。 The classroom ________ ________ every day. 5. 树木可以阻止风把土吹走。 Wind ________ ________ from blowing the earth away by trees. 6. 这本书我可以借多久？ How long ________ the book ________ by me? 7. 老年人应该被好好照顾。 Old people ________ ________ good care of. 8. 垃圾不应该被到处乱扔。 Rubbish ________ ________ everywhere. 9. 这种车是在中国制造的。 This kind of car ________ ________ in China. 10. 许多电脑每天被使用。 Many computers ________ ________ every day. 11. 教室的窗户每周被擦一次。 The windows of our classroom ________ ________ once a week. 12. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 English ________ ________ widely in the world. 13. 这个故事被很多人喜欢。 The story ________ ________ by many people. 14. 我们学校每年种很多树。 Many trees ________ ________ in our school every year. 15. 这条规则必须被遵守。 This rule ________ ________ by us. 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。 Passage 1 There are many humanistic monuments (人文古迹) and natural scenic spots in textbooks. Children are always interested in them, and they want to go there in person. 1 This kind of tour allows parents and children to deepen their understanding of the scenes mentioned in the textbooks. Many families have taken part in the textbook tour. 2 They can understand the cultural background and experience the historical period in the textbooks. For example, in Fuzhou, parents and children can watch lively shows and visit the museums to learn more about the famous writer Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty. 3 This further makes their journey colourful. The textbook tour is a connection between “reading thousands of books” and “travelling thousands of miles”. Through this practice, children can have a deeper understanding of the textbooks. Besides, the textbook tour further increases children’s pride in the motherland. 4 The rise of the textbook tour is a great chance for the connection between culture and tourism. For example, the Wenchuan government holds some activities on the birthday of Dayu. 5 This spreads local culture and provides an unforgettable experience for tourists. As the textbook tour becomes a new fashion, the government should offer warm services to achieve a win-win situation for both scenic spots and tourists. A．In addition, they can also learn about the local customs. B．That’s why the textbook tour has become popular these days. C．Nowadays, textbook tours are becoming more and more popular. D．They follow the stories in the textbooks and choose places to travel. E．Cultural workers teach “Dayu culture” to tourists in these activities. F．It also helps them learn about the excellent traditional culture of China. Passage 2 Bicycles in China Bicycles are very popular in China. 1 When you walk on the road, you will find a lot of people riding bicycles to schools, shops and anywhere else. 2 In most families, bicycles are like important tools. Many people own one or two bicycles, and some even have different types for different needs, like mountain bikes for fun or heavy-duty bikes for carrying things. Compared (与……比) with cars, bicycles have many advantages. 3 Some Chinese are not able to buy cars, but they can afford bicycles. Second, bicycles are small enough to park anywhere, while cars need a larger piece of land to park. What’s more, with lower speed, bicycles are safer than cars. 4 Some riders don’t follow the traffic rules and some riders don’t think about others’ safety. So they ride too fast. During rush hours, too many bicycles may cause traffic problems. 5 A．In our country you can see bicycles almost everywhere. B．However, bicycles also bring some problems. C．First, they are much cheaper than cars. D．First of all, it is easy to learn. E．So China is known as “the kingdom of bicycles”. F．We still have a long way to go to solve the problems. Passage 3 Are you the only child in the family? 1 Parents are the closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have a problem. 2 They even don’t think their parents are fair (公平的) to them. Some students complain (抱怨) that their parents often say a lot to them, but never listen to them. Some say their parents don’t allow (允许) them to play computer games when other classmates are playing that. Others say when they’re making phone calls to friends, their parents like asking whether they are speaking to a boy or a girl. 3 Some students even decide to leave home because they’re afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong, especially (尤其) when they do badly in exams. Then they think running away is the best choice. 4 Problems are a part of life. Here is some advice for you to solve your problems. 1) Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don’t be afraid to tell them your feelings. 2) Get help from others like good friends or teachers. 3) 5 4) Show your parents you’re growing up, and then they’ll feel you’re no longer a small child. If you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away. 根据语篇内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文语意连贯。选项中有一项为多余项。 A．They feel they’re not as close to their parents as before. B．Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. C．These make them very unhappy D．You should not tell your parents about your school life. E．But they don’t know running away may bring them more problems. F．If so, you are the most important in your family. Passage 4 阅读下面短文, 从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺, 结构完整, 其中有一项是多余选项。 Ben Miller was born on February 24, 1966 in London, England. 1 Ben once worked as a scientist. He is also a famous actor, appearing in films like Paddington 2. Having English teachers as parents, Ben became interested in reading as a child. And now, he is a writer. In Ben’s latest book, How I Became a Dog Called Midnight, he used his love of legends (传说) to make the story more interesting. The book tells the story of a boy called George and his dog friend called Midnight. 2 One night, an enchanted (施了魔法的) fountain makes him change his body with Midnight. George finds that someone wants to do something bad. George and Midnight must soon work together to stop the bad man. 3 If they don't hurry, they will stay in each other’s bodies forever. Ben is a dog lover. 4 Having written books based on his children, Ben decided to write a book based on his dog. “When Jet wears clothes, it looks like a man,” Miller says. “ 5 ” These days, Ben is preparing for the audiobook (有声书) of How I Became a Dog Called Midnight. And the book will come out later. A．George has always wondered what it’s like to be a dog. B．He is a man of many talents. C．They must do it before midnight. D．And it suddenly gave me the idea to write a story about someone changing bodies with a dog. E．His pet dog called Jet always stays with him when he’s writing. F．Ben Miller has been interested in dogs since he was young. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有一项为多余选项。 It’s important to have good manners. Having good manners can show that you’re polite to other people and make you more popular to be around. Use “please” and “thank you” when you’re asking for something. When you need to ask for something, start by saying “please”. 1 If someone does something for you, remember to say “thank you”. For example, you may say, “Could you please hand me that book?” When they hand you the book, don’t forget to say “thank you”. 2 If you’re getting together with someone who you haven’t met before, introduce yourself by name and ask him what his name is. For example, you can say, “Hi, my name is James. What’s yours?” If you’re with another person and you run into somebody you know, be sure to introduce them to each other. 3 Listen to other people without interrupting (打扰) them. When another person starts talking, listen to what he is saying. 4 Once the person finishes speaking, respond(回应) to what he just said so he knows we’re listening carefully. If you and another person start talking at the same time, stop and ask him to continue. People often don’t like to be touched and it can make them feel uncomfortable. 5 Watch their faces and body language to know how they feel about it. If they look like they’re uncomfortable around you, then give them more space. A．Avoid trying to cut in on others. B．Do not stand or sit too close to others. C．That way, it doesn’t sound like you’re ordering (命令) others. D．It can also help us speak more clearly. E．Introduce yourself by name when you meet someone for the first time. F．For example, you may say, “Hi, John. This is Melissa. Melissa, this is John.” Passage 6 When we have small cuts in the skin, something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal (痊愈) themselves in a few days. 1 Read on, and you will find out the answer. Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells (细胞). Cells grow and make new cells. Most cells are very small and we can’t see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses. 2 The cells on the surface (表面) of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right under the surface. These are the living skin cells. They do work for our bodies. They help protect our bodies and heal cuts. 3 As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Surface skin cells fit together closely with no gaps (缝隙) between them. When you cut yourself, you will harm (损坏) your skin cells. 4 Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells in just a few days. 5 Next time you have a small cut, don’t worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed. A．How does this happen? B．How can we get great skin? C．Our skin cells are special ones. D．How amazing the small cells are! E．A small cut will not do much harm. F．Our bodies make skin cells all the time. 3 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 4 Rules make for a better life!（冀教版） （一般现在时的被动语态） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：一般现在时被动语态结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配例句，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken around the world. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 The room isn’t cleaned every day. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 Is the room cleaned every day? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 Where is the room cleaned? 使用注意事项 1. 被动语态判断技巧：主语是动作的承受者，就用被动语态。 例句：The desk is made of wood. 桌子是被制作的。 2. 一般现在时被动语态必须用 am/is/are + 过去分词，be 动词随主语变化。 例句：Flowers are watered every morning. 二：一般现在时被动语态用法 & 标志词总表 本表覆盖用法、标志词、常考短语，完全对应教材考点。 用法 时间标志 常考短语 典型例句 经常性被动动作 every day, often, usually be used for 被用于 Knives are used for cutting. 客观事实 / 规律 无特殊标志 be made of 由… 制成 Paper is made from wood. 规定 / 制度 always, must be allowed to 被允许 Students are allowed to read here. 状态 / 覆盖 无特殊标志 be covered with 被覆盖 The ground is covered with snow. 使用注意事项 1. 主动语态变被动语态：宾语变主语，动词变 be + 过去分词。 例句：We clean the room. → The room is cleaned by us. 2. 不及物动词没有被动语态，如：happen, appear, rise。 例句：The sun rises. 不能说成 The sun is risen. 3. 过去分词要拼写正确，规则动词加 ed，不规则需牢记。 例：speak → spoken；make → made；see → seen。 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. English ________ (speak) all over the world. 答案：is spoken 解析：句意：英语在全世界被使用。主语 English 是动作承受者，用一般现在时被动。 2. The classroom ________ (clean) every day. 答案：is cleaned 解析：句意：教室每天被打扫。every day 是标志，主语单数用 is cleaned。 3. Trees ________ (plant) in spring every year. 答案：are planted 解析：句意：树木每年春天被种植。主语是复数，用 are planted。 4. The cup ________ (make) of glass. 答案：is made 解析：句意：这个杯子由玻璃制成。be made of 是固定短语，用被动。 5. Children ________ (allow) to play here. 答案：are allowed 解析：句意：孩子们被允许在这里玩耍。be allowed to do 固定搭配。 6. The top of the mountain ________ (cover) with snow. 答案：is covered 解析：句意：山顶被雪覆盖。be covered with 是固定短语。 7. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China. 答案：is grown 解析：句意：水稻在中国南方被种植。主语不可数，用 is grown。 8. These magazines ________ (read) by many students. 答案：are read 解析：句意：这些杂志被很多学生阅读。主语复数用 are read。 9. The walls of the room ________ (paint) white. 答案：are painted 解析：句意：房间的墙被刷成白色。主语 walls 复数，用被动。 10. This song ________ (sing) by many people. 答案：is sung 解析：句意：这首歌被很多人传唱。sing 的过去分词是 sung。 11. Papers ________ (collect) every Monday. 答案：are collected 解析：句意：试卷每周一被收取。every Monday 是一般现在时标志。 12. The meeting ________ (hold) in the hall. 答案：is held 解析：句意：会议在大厅被举行。hold 的过去分词是 held。 13. Animals ________ (protect) by us. 答案：are protected 解析：句意：动物被我们保护。主语复数用 are protected。 14. This kind of car ________ (make) in China. 答案：is made 解析：句意：这种车在中国制造。be made in 是固定短语。 15. The old man ________ (look after) well. 答案：is looked after 解析：句意：这位老人被照顾得很好。look after 的被动是 be looked after。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 学生们每天被要求穿校服。 Students ________ ________ to wear uniforms every day. 答案：are asked 解析：句意：学生们每天被要求穿校服。一般现在时被动，主语复数。 2. 这条河被严重污染了。 The river ________ ________ badly. 答案：is polluted 解析：句意：这条河被严重污染。主语单数用 is polluted。 3. 这种杯子是玻璃做的。 This kind of cup ________ ________ of glass. 答案：is made 解析：句意：这种杯子由玻璃制成。be made of 固定短语。 4. 教室每天都被打扫。 The classroom ________ ________ every day. 答案：is cleaned 解析：句意：教室每天被打扫。every day 用一般现在时被动。 5. 树木可以阻止风把土吹走。 Wind ________ ________ from blowing the earth away by trees. 答案：is stopped 解析：句意：风被树木阻止。被动结构 be stopped from。 6. 这本书我可以借多久？ How long ________ the book ________ by me? 答案：is; kept 解析：句意：这本书我能借多久。borrow 变延续性动词 keep，用被动。 7. 老年人应该被好好照顾。 Old people ________ ________ good care of. 答案：are taken 解析：句意：老年人应该被好好照顾。take care of 的被动形式。 8. 垃圾不应该被到处乱扔。 Rubbish ________ ________ everywhere. 答案：isn’t thrown 解析：句意：垃圾不应该被到处乱扔。throw 的过去分词是 thrown。 9. 这种车是在中国制造的。 This kind of car ________ ________ in China. 答案：is made 解析：句意：这种车在中国制造。be made in 固定用法。 10. 许多电脑每天被使用。 Many computers ________ ________ every day. 答案：are used 解析：句意：许多电脑每天被使用。主语复数用 are used。 11. 教室的窗户每周被擦一次。 The windows of our classroom ________ ________ once a week. 答案：are cleaned 解析：句意：教室窗户每周被擦一次。once a week 是现在时标志。 12. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。 English ________ ________ widely in the world. 答案：is used 解析：句意：英语在世界被广泛使用。主语单数用 is used。 13. 这个故事被很多人喜欢。 The story ________ ________ by many people. 答案：is loved 解析：句意：这个故事被很多人喜欢。被动结构 be loved。 14. 我们学校每年种很多树。 Many trees ________ ________ in our school every year. 答案：are planted 解析：句意：很多树每年被种植。trees 复数用 are planted。 15. 这条规则必须被遵守。 This rule ________ ________ by us. 答案：is followed 解析：句意：这条规则必须被遵守。follow 的被动是 be followed。 请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，从所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺。选项中有一项为多余项。 Passage 1 There are many humanistic monuments (人文古迹) and natural scenic spots in textbooks. Children are always interested in them, and they want to go there in person. 1 This kind of tour allows parents and children to deepen their understanding of the scenes mentioned in the textbooks. Many families have taken part in the textbook tour. 2 They can understand the cultural background and experience the historical period in the textbooks. For example, in Fuzhou, parents and children can watch lively shows and visit the museums to learn more about the famous writer Tang Xianzu in the Ming Dynasty. 3 This further makes their journey colourful. The textbook tour is a connection between “reading thousands of books” and “travelling thousands of miles”. Through this practice, children can have a deeper understanding of the textbooks. Besides, the textbook tour further increases children’s pride in the motherland. 4 The rise of the textbook tour is a great chance for the connection between culture and tourism. For example, the Wenchuan government holds some activities on the birthday of Dayu. 5 This spreads local culture and provides an unforgettable experience for tourists. As the textbook tour becomes a new fashion, the government should offer warm services to achieve a win-win situation for both scenic spots and tourists. A．In addition, they can also learn about the local customs. B．That’s why the textbook tour has become popular these days. C．Nowadays, textbook tours are becoming more and more popular. D．They follow the stories in the textbooks and choose places to travel. E．Cultural workers teach “Dayu culture” to tourists in these activities. F．It also helps them learn about the excellent traditional culture of China. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了当下流行的“教科书式旅行”现象，阐述了这种旅行的兴起背景、形式特点、对孩子成长的意义，以及它在文化与旅游融合发展中的价值，并对其未来发展提出了建议。 1．文章第一段介绍孩子们对教科书中提到的人文、自然景观充满兴趣，想要亲身前往，后文紧接着引出“这种旅行”的定义与作用。空处需要起到承上启下的作用，点明这种旅行的名称。C选项“Nowadays, textbook tours are becoming more and more popular.”直接引出“教科书式旅行”这一主题，承接前文孩子们的兴趣，也呼应后文对这种旅行的介绍，符合题意。 2．第二段开头提到“许多家庭参与教科书式旅行”，后文介绍了他们通过旅行了解文化背景、体验历史时期的方式。空处需要说明这些家庭参与旅行的具体方式。结合选项，D选项“They follow the stories in the textbooks and choose places to travel.”说明家庭会根据教科书内容选择旅行地点，承接前文的“参与旅行”，也为后文的具体例子做铺垫。 3．第二段以福州家长带孩子了解明代作家汤显祖为例，说明教科书式旅行能丰富行程。空处需要补充旅行带来的额外收获，呼应后文“让行程更丰富多彩”。A选项“In addition, they can also learn about the local customs.”说明除了了解历史文化，还能了解当地风俗，补充了旅行的收获，使例子更完整。 4．第三段介绍了教科书式旅行对孩子理解课本、增强民族自豪感的积极意义，空处位于段末，需要总结前文内容，说明这种旅行流行的原因。B选项“That’s why the textbook tour has become popular these days.”承接前文的意义阐述，点明旅行流行的原因，起到总结段意的作用。 5．第四段以汶川政府在大禹诞辰举办活动为例，说明教科书式旅行能推动文化与旅游融合，后文提到“传播地方文化、为游客提供难忘体验”。空处需要说明活动中文化传播的具体形式。E选项“Cultural workers teach ‘Dayu culture’ to tourists in these activities.”介绍了活动中文化工作者向游客讲解大禹文化的具体做法，承接前文的活动例子，也呼应后文的文化传播作用。 Passage 2 Bicycles in China Bicycles are very popular in China. 1 When you walk on the road, you will find a lot of people riding bicycles to schools, shops and anywhere else. 2 In most families, bicycles are like important tools. Many people own one or two bicycles, and some even have different types for different needs, like mountain bikes for fun or heavy-duty bikes for carrying things. Compared (与……比) with cars, bicycles have many advantages. 3 Some Chinese are not able to buy cars, but they can afford bicycles. Second, bicycles are small enough to park anywhere, while cars need a larger piece of land to park. What’s more, with lower speed, bicycles are safer than cars. 4 Some riders don’t follow the traffic rules and some riders don’t think about others’ safety. So they ride too fast. During rush hours, too many bicycles may cause traffic problems. 5 A．In our country you can see bicycles almost everywhere. B．However, bicycles also bring some problems. C．First, they are much cheaper than cars. D．First of all, it is easy to learn. E．So China is known as “the kingdom of bicycles”. F．We still have a long way to go to solve the problems. 【答案】1. A 2. E 3. C 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自行车在中国的普及情况、与汽车相比的优势以及存在的问题。 1. 文中第一段提到“Bicycles are very popular in China.”，点明自行车在中国很流行，后文提到“When you walk on the road, you will find a lot of people riding bicycles to schools, shops and anywhere else.”，A选项“In our country you can see bicycles almost everywhere.”，承接上文，说明自行车的普及程度。 2. 文中第一段提到“Many people own one or two bicycles, and some even have different types for different needs, like mountain bikes for fun or heavy-duty bikes for carrying things.”，前文提到自行车随处可见、家庭中也普遍拥有，E选项“So China is known as ‘the kingdom of bicycles’.”，总结上文，点明中国的别称。 3. 文中第二段提到“Compared with cars, bicycles have many advantages.”，引出自行车的优势，后文提到“Some Chinese are not able to buy cars, but they can afford bicycles.”，C选项“First, they are much cheaper than cars.”，作为第一条优势，引出下文内容。 4. 文中第三段提到“Some riders don’t follow the traffic rules and some riders don't think about others’ safety.”，说明自行车带来的问题，B选项“However, bicycles also bring some problems.”，作为过渡句，引出下文的问题。 5. 文中第三段提到“During rush hours, too many bicycles may cause traffic problems.”，说明自行车带来的交通问题，F选项“We still have a long way to go to solve the problems.”，承接上文，给出总结性表述。 Passage 3 Are you the only child in the family? 1 Parents are the closest people to you in the world. But a lot of middle school students have a problem. 2 They even don’t think their parents are fair (公平的) to them. Some students complain (抱怨) that their parents often say a lot to them, but never listen to them. Some say their parents don’t allow (允许) them to play computer games when other classmates are playing that. Others say when they’re making phone calls to friends, their parents like asking whether they are speaking to a boy or a girl. 3 Some students even decide to leave home because they’re afraid to tell their parents when they have done something wrong, especially (尤其) when they do badly in exams. Then they think running away is the best choice. 4 Problems are a part of life. Here is some advice for you to solve your problems. 1) Find a good chance to talk with your parents. Don’t be afraid to tell them your feelings. 2) Get help from others like good friends or teachers. 3) 5 4) Show your parents you’re growing up, and then they’ll feel you’re no longer a small child. If you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away. 根据语篇内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文语意连贯。选项中有一项为多余项。 A．They feel they’re not as close to their parents as before. B．Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings. C．These make them very unhappy D．You should not tell your parents about your school life. E．But they don’t know running away may bring them more problems. F．If so, you are the most important in your family. 【答案】1. F 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. B 【导语】 本文讨论了独生子女与父母相处中存在的问题，并给出了解决这些问题的建议。 1. 前文提出“你是家里唯一的孩子吗？”这一问题，F项“If so, you are the most important in your family.”是对这一问题的回答，并且引出了下文关于独生子女与父母关系的话题，符合语境。 2. 前文提到“很多中学生有问题”，后文又具体描述了学生们觉得父母对他们不公平，A项“They feel they’re not as close to their parents as before.”解释了学生们觉得有问题、与父母关系不如以前亲密的原因，符合语境。 3. 前文列举了学生们抱怨父母的一些行为，C项“These make them very unhappy”是对这些抱怨行为的总结，说明这些行为让学生们很不开心，符合语境。 4. 前文提到一些学生因为害怕告诉父母自己做错了事而选择离家出走，E项“But they don’t know running away may bring them more problems.”指出了这些学生不知道离家出走可能会带来更多问题，与后文“If you follow the advice, you’ll have a happy life and never think of running away.”形成对比，符合语境。 5. 前文给出了两条解决与父母相处问题的建议，B项“Keep a diary to help you understand more about yourself and your feelings.”是第三条建议，与前文建议格式一致，且符合解决与父母相处问题的主题，符合语境。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文, 从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺, 结构完整, 其中有一项是多余选项。 Ben Miller was born on February 24, 1966 in London, England. 1 Ben once worked as a scientist. He is also a famous actor, appearing in films like Paddington 2. Having English teachers as parents, Ben became interested in reading as a child. And now, he is a writer. In Ben’s latest book, How I Became a Dog Called Midnight, he used his love of legends (传说) to make the story more interesting. The book tells the story of a boy called George and his dog friend called Midnight. 2 One night, an enchanted (施了魔法的) fountain makes him change his body with Midnight. George finds that someone wants to do something bad. George and Midnight must soon work together to stop the bad man. 3 If they don't hurry, they will stay in each other’s bodies forever. Ben is a dog lover. 4 Having written books based on his children, Ben decided to write a book based on his dog. “When Jet wears clothes, it looks like a man,” Miller says. “ 5 ” These days, Ben is preparing for the audiobook (有声书) of How I Became a Dog Called Midnight. And the book will come out later. A．George has always wondered what it’s like to be a dog. B．He is a man of many talents. C．They must do it before midnight. D．And it suddenly gave me the idea to write a story about someone changing bodies with a dog. E．His pet dog called Jet always stays with him when he’s writing. F．Ben Miller has been interested in dogs since he was young. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. E 5. D 【导语】本文介绍了英国艺人本·米勒的多重身份，以及他根据爱犬灵感创作新书的过程。 1. 根据前文介绍Ben Miller的出生信息，B选项“He is a man of many talents.”引出后文对他多种才能（曾是科学家、著名演员、作家）的介绍，起到承上启下的作用。 2. 根据前文讲述书里乔治和狗朋友午夜的故事，A选项“George has always wondered what it’s like to be a dog.”进一步说明乔治内心的想法，为后文他因魔法喷泉和狗交换身体做铺垫。 3. 根据前文说乔治和午夜必须合作阻止坏人，C选项“They must do it before midnight.”对他们的行动时间做出限制，与后文“If they don't hurry, they will stay in each other’s bodies forever.”相呼应。 4. 根据前文说Ben是个爱狗人士，E选项“His pet dog called Jet always stays with him when he’s writing.”具体说明他的宠物狗Jet在他写作时总陪着他，进一步体现他对狗的喜爱。 5. 根据前文提到Jet穿衣服像人，D选项“And it suddenly gave me the idea to write a story about someone changing bodies with a dog.”说明这给了他创作人与狗交换身体故事的想法，与前文内容紧密相连。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯，其中有一项为多余选项。 It’s important to have good manners. Having good manners can show that you’re polite to other people and make you more popular to be around. Use “please” and “thank you” when you’re asking for something. When you need to ask for something, start by saying “please”. 1 If someone does something for you, remember to say “thank you”. For example, you may say, “Could you please hand me that book?” When they hand you the book, don’t forget to say “thank you”. 2 If you’re getting together with someone who you haven’t met before, introduce yourself by name and ask him what his name is. For example, you can say, “Hi, my name is James. What’s yours?” If you’re with another person and you run into somebody you know, be sure to introduce them to each other. 3 Listen to other people without interrupting (打扰) them. When another person starts talking, listen to what he is saying. 4 Once the person finishes speaking, respond(回应) to what he just said so he knows we’re listening carefully. If you and another person start talking at the same time, stop and ask him to continue. People often don’t like to be touched and it can make them feel uncomfortable. 5 Watch their faces and body language to know how they feel about it. If they look like they’re uncomfortable around you, then give them more space. A．Avoid trying to cut in on others. B．Do not stand or sit too close to others. C．That way, it doesn’t sound like you’re ordering (命令) others. D．It can also help us speak more clearly. E．Introduce yourself by name when you meet someone for the first time. F．For example, you may say, “Hi, John. This is Melissa. Melissa, this is John.” 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. F 4. A 5. B 【导语】本文介绍了几种培养良好礼仪的方法，说明了礼貌待人的重要性以及具体的礼貌行为规范。 1. 前文提到“When you need to ask for something, start by saying ‘please’.”，C选项“That way, it doesn’t sound like you’re ordering others.”解释了说“please”的作用，承接上文说明这样做的好处，符合语境逻辑。 2. 后文主要讲述初次见面时自我介绍以及为他人互相介绍的内容，E选项“Introduce yourself by name when you meet someone for the first time.”总领该段，点明本段核心内容，符合语境。 3. 前文提到“If you’re with another person and you run into somebody you know, be sure to introduce them to each other.”，F选项“For example, you may say, ‘Hi, John. This is Melissa. Melissa, this is John.’”举例说明如何为他人互相介绍，承接上文，符合语境。 4. 本段主旨为倾听他人不打断对方，前文提到“When another person starts talking, listen to what he is saying.”，A选项“Avoid trying to cut in on others.”进一步强调不要打断他人，贴合本段主题，符合语境。 5. 后文提到“Watch their faces and body language to know how they feel about it. If they look like they’re uncomfortable around you, then give them more space.”，B选项“Do not stand or sit too close to others.”指出不要与他人靠得太近，引出后文关于保持距离、关注他人感受的内容，承上启下，符合语境。 Passage 6 阅读短文，从所列选项中，选出最佳选项填入对应空白处，使短文通顺、连贯。（选项中有一项多余） When we have small cuts in the skin, something strange may happen. The cuts are able to heal (痊愈) themselves in a few days. 1 Read on, and you will find out the answer. Every living thing on the earth is made up of cells (细胞). Cells grow and make new cells. Most cells are very small and we can’t see them with our eyes. Different cells have different uses. 2 The cells on the surface (表面) of our skin are old dead cells. New skin cells are right under the surface. These are the living skin cells. They do work for our bodies. They help protect our bodies and heal cuts. 3 As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place. Each person makes about 18 kg of skin cells during his or her life. Surface skin cells fit together closely with no gaps (缝隙) between them. When you cut yourself, you will harm (损坏) your skin cells. 4 Your skin will quickly heal itself by making new skin cells in just a few days. 5 Next time you have a small cut, don’t worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed. A．How does this happen? B．How can we get great skin? C．Our skin cells are special ones. D．How amazing the small cells are! E．A small cut will not do much harm. F．Our bodies make skin cells all the time. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. F 4. E 5. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了皮肤细胞如何帮助伤口愈合的科学原理。 1. 根据上文“The cuts are able to heal themselves in a few days.”及下文“Read on, and you will find out the answer.”可知，此处应提出一个关于伤口如何愈合的疑问。选项A“How does this happen?”符合语境，引出下文解释。 2. 根据上文“Different cells have different uses.”及下文对皮肤细胞的详细介绍可知，此处应引出皮肤细胞的特殊性。选项C“Our skin cells are special ones.”承上启下，衔接自然。 3. 根据下文“As the old cells fall off, new cells grow in the same place.”可知，此处应说明皮肤细胞持续更新的特点。选项F“Our bodies make skin cells all the time.”统领本段，符合语境。 4. 根据上文“When you cut yourself, you will harm your skin cells.”及下文“Your skin will quickly heal itself...”可知，此处应说明小伤口不会造成严重伤害。选项E“A small cut will not do much harm.”衔接前后逻辑。 5. 根据下文“Next time you have a small cut, don’t worry about it. Maybe in a few days, you will be surprised to find it healed.”可知，此处应感叹皮肤细胞的神奇。选项D“How amazing the small cells are!”符合结尾段的抒情语气。 12 / 13乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $