Unit 4 语法讲解及习题 一般现在时的被动语态 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

冀教英语八下Unit4语法讲解及习题 一般现在时的被动语态 一、语法详细讲解 本单元核心语法是一般现在时的被动语态(Passive Voice in Simple Present Tense),用于强调动作的承受者,而非执行者。 (一)基本结构 肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + 动词的过去分词(v-ed) 否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词的过去分词(v-ed) 一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(v-ed)? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(v-ed)? 主语为I时,用am 主语为he/she/it或单数名词时,用is 主语为you/we/they或复数名词时,用are 例: Spoken rules are said or written somewhere.(明文规则会在某些地方被说出或写下。) Closeness is considered normal in many countries.(在很多国家,近距离被认为是正常的。) (二)核心用法 1. 强调动作的承受者,而非执行者 当不知道动作的执行者是谁,或执行者不重要时使用。 例:Traffic rules are required to be followed on the road.(路上必须遵守交通规则。) 2. 用于正式或客观的表述 常见于规则、通知、说明等场景。 例:Silence is kept in the library.(图书馆内保持安静。) (三)主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1. 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语 2. 根据主语的人称和数,选择对应的am/is/are 3. 将主动句的动词变为过去分词(v-ed) 4. (可选)用by + 原主语说明动作的执行者 例: 主动:People follow spoken rules. 被动:Spoken rules are followed by people. (四)过去分词(v-ed)的变化规则 1. 规则动词 一般动词:直接加-ed(如:follow followed, clean cleaned) 以e结尾的动词:直接加-d(如:consider considered, like liked) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词:变y为i,再加-ed(如:study studied, try tried) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写辅音字母,再加-ed(如:stop stopped, plan planned) 2. 不规则动词 需特殊记忆(如:say said, write written, see seen, do done) 二、习题训练 (一)单项选择 1. Spoken rules _ or written somewhere. A. say B. are said C. said 2. In many countries, closeness _ normal. A. considers B. is considered C. considered 3. _ spoken rules always _ by people? A. Do; follow B. Are; followed C. Have; followed 4. Unspoken rules _ often _ for granted. A. take B. are taken C. took 5. Our classroom _ carefully every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned 6. Traffic rules _ to keep people safe. A. are required B. require C. required 7. _ the door _ open for others? A. Is; held B. Does; hold C. Has; held 8. Noise _ in the library. A. is not allowed B. doesn't allow C. didn't allow 9. Unspoken rules _ down in most cases. A. don't write B. aren't written C. didn't write 10. The rules _ by everyone in public places. A. must follow B. must be followed C. followed (二)将主动句改为被动句 11. People follow spoken rules in society. _ 12. Cultures influence unspoken rules. _ 13. She recognised her mother's handwriting on the envelope. _ 14. We clean our classroom carefully every day. _ 15. People hold the door open for others. _ 16. They keep quiet in the library. _ 17. Parents make rules at home. _ 18. Teachers explain school rules to students. _ (三)用所给动词的正确形式填空 19. Spoken rules _ (say) or written somewhere. 20. Closeness _ (consider) normal in many countries. 21. _ spoken rules always _ (follow) by people? 22. Unspoken rules _ often _ (take) for granted. 23. Our classroom _ (clean) carefully every day. 24. Unspoken rules _ (not write) down in most cases. (四)判断句子正误并改正 25. Spoken rules are say or written somewhere. _ 26. Closeness consider normal in many countries. _ 27. Are spoken rules always follow by people? _ 28. Unspoken rules often take for granted. _ 29. Our classroom is clean carefully every day. _ 30. Unspoken rules don't write down in most cases. _ (五)完形填空 In public places, rules 31. _ (make) to keep order. Spoken rules 32. _ (post) on signs, like “No smoking”. Unspoken rules 33. _ (not write) down, but they 34. _ (expect) to be followed. For example, silence 35. _ (keep) in the library to respect others. 三、答案及解析 (一)单项选择 1. B 解析:“spoken rules”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 2. B 解析:“closeness”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 3. B 解析:一般现在时被动语态的一般疑问句形式为“Are + 主语 + followed”。 4. B 解析:“unspoken rules”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 5. B 解析:“our classroom”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 6. A 解析:“traffic rules”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 7. A 解析:“the door”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态。 8. A 解析:“noise”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态的否定形式。 9. B 解析:“unspoken rules”是动作的承受者,用一般现在时被动语态的否定形式。 10. B 解析:“the rules”是动作的承受者,用情态动词must的被动结构“must be followed”。 (二)将主动句改为被动句 11. Spoken rules are followed by people in society. 12. Unspoken rules are influenced by cultures. 13. Her mother's handwriting on the envelope was recognised by her. 14. Our classroom is cleaned carefully by us every day. 15. The door is held open for others by people. 16. Quiet is kept in the library by them. 17. Rules are made by parents at home. 18. School rules are explained to students by teachers. (三)用所给动词的正确形式填空 19. are said 解析:“spoken rules”是复数,用are + said。 20. is considered 解析:“closeness”是单数,用is + considered。 21. Are; followed 解析:一般疑问句,用Are + 主语 + followed。 22. are; taken 解析:“unspoken rules”是复数,用are + taken。 23. is cleaned 解析:“our classroom”是单数,用is + cleaned。 24. aren't written 解析:“unspoken rules”是复数,用are + not + written。 (四)判断句子正误并改正 25. 错误,改正:Spoken rules are said or written somewhere. 解析:say的过去分词是said,不是say。 26. 错误,改正:Closeness is considered normal in many countries. 解析:用一般现在时被动语态,is + considered。 27. 错误,改正:Are spoken rules always followed by people? 解析:follow的过去分词是followed,不是follow。 28. 错误,改正:Unspoken rules are often taken for granted. 解析:用一般现在时被动语态,are + taken。 29. 错误,改正:Our classroom is cleaned carefully every day. 解析:clean的过去分词是cleaned,不是clean。 30. 错误,改正:Unspoken rules aren't written down in most cases. 解析:用一般现在时被动语态的否定形式,aren't + written。 (五)完形填空 31. are made 解析:“rules”是复数,用are + made。 32. are posted 解析:“spoken rules”是复数,用are + posted。 33. aren't written 解析:“unspoken rules”是复数,用are + not + written。 34. are expected 解析:“they”指代unspoken rules,用are + expected。 35. is kept 解析:“silence”是单数,用is + kept。 ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $