Unit 3 Amazing sports 现在完成时-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（冀教版）

该初中英语单元学习任务单以“Amazing sports”为主题，聚焦现在完成时复习，目标是帮助学生系统掌握语法结构、标志词及用法。通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，构建从基础梳理到综合应用的完整学习路径，体现知识建构的系统性和连贯性。 亮点在于语法模块的系统整合与真实语料的应用，通过结构总表梳理基本句式、标志词及短暂-延续转换规则，配套典型例句强化理解，培养学习能力。阅读篇章涵盖自然、地理等主题，如“世界最冷国家”“九寨沟湖泊”等，在解题中提升语言理解与表达能力，发展思维品质。分层练习题（单句填空、完成句子）兼顾基础与提升，为教师单元复习教学提供清晰指导，支持学生深度学习。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Amazing sports（新教材冀教版） （现在完成时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：现在完成时结构与标志词总表 本表系统梳理结构、句式、标志词，配套例句，一目了然。 语法模块 核心要点 具体规则 典型例句 基本结构 肯定式 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 否定式 have/has + not + 过去分词 I haven’t finished it yet. 一般疑问 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 Have you seen it before? 时间标志 already/yet 已经；还（未） I have already read it. ever/never 曾经；从未 Have you ever been there? for/since 持续时间 I have lived here for 10 years. 使用注意事项 1. 主语是第三人称单数用 has，其他人称一律用 have。 例句：She has finished her work. 2. 过去分词要记准：规则动词加 ed，不规则动词需特殊记忆。 例句：go → went → gone；see → saw → seen。 二：现在完成时用法 & 短暂 / 延续转换总表 本表覆盖两大用法、时间状语、短暂→延续转换，完全对应考点。 用法 时间标志 核心说明 典型例句 过去影响现在 already, yet, just, ever 动作已完成，强调结果 I have lost my key. 动作持续至今 for + 时间段；since + 点时间 动作延续，必须用延续动词 I have lived here since 2010. 短暂→延续 高频转换 die→be dead；buy→have；leave→be away；join→be in He has been dead for 3 years. 使用注意事项 1. for + 时间段和 since + 时间点 / 过去从句可以互换。 例句：I have studied English for 5 years. = I have studied English since 5 years ago. 2. 现在完成时不能和明确过去时间（yesterday, just now）连用。 例句：错误：I have seen him yesterday. 正确：I saw him yesterday. 3. 短暂性动词不能与 for/since 连用，必须换成延续性动词。 例句：错误：He has died for 3 years. 正确：He has been dead for 3 years. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. I ____________ (read) this book twice. It’s very interesting. 2. She ____________ (not finish) her homework yet. 3. ____________ you ever ____________ (be) to Beijing? 4. My father ____________ (work) in this factory for 20 years. 5. They ____________ (know) each other since they were young. 6. I ____________ just ____________ (clean) my room. 7. He ____________ (never, ride) a horse before. 8. How long ____________ you ____________ (keep) this book? 9. The old man ____________ (die) for five years. 10. We ____________ (live) here since we came to the city. 11. My brother ____________ (join) the army for two years. 12. I ____________ (lose) my pen. I can’t find it anywhere. 13. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. 14. ____________ you ____________ (see) my English book? I can’t find it. 15. They ____________ (be) to Shanghai twice. 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 我还没有吃完午饭。 I ____________ ____________ lunch yet. 2. 他自从来到这所学校就学习很努力。 He ____________ ____________ hard since he came to this school. 3. 你曾经看过这部电影吗？ ____________ you ever ____________ this movie? 4. 这本书我已经借了两周了。 I ____________ ____________ this book for two weeks. 5. 他的爷爷去世五年了。 His grandpa ____________ ____________ ____________ for five years. 6. 我们已经在这里住了十年了。 We ____________ ____________ here for ten years. 7. 我以前从没去过上海。 I ____________ never ____________ ____________ Shanghai before. 8. 电影已经开始 10 分钟了。 The film ____________ ____________ ____________ for ten minutes. 9. 她刚刚给我寄了一封信。 She ____________ just ____________ me a letter. 10. 你们认识彼此多久了？ How long ____________ you ____________ each other? 11. 我已经吃过早饭了。 I ____________ already ____________ breakfast. 12. 他离开家乡将近 20 年了。 He ____________ ____________ ____________ from his hometown for nearly 20 years. 13. 到目前为止，他已经学了 3000 个单词。 ____________ ____________, he has learned 3,000 words. 14. 我买这辆自行车三年了。 I ____________ ____________ this bike for three years. 15. 自从他来到中国，就一直学习茶文化。 He ____________ ____________ tea culture since he came to China. Passage 1 Do you know which are the coldest countries in the world? Here are a few of them. Take a look and see what you can discover. Greenland Don’t be fooled by the name—there is very little green in Greenland. It is one of the coldest countries on Earth. Depending on the season, days can be extremely long or short. In summer, there can be up to 22 hours of daylight, while in winter, there may be only 3 hours. Iceland Iceland’s name reflects its weather conditions. In summer, the country is green and fresh, but in winter, it is covered in snow. Iceland is also a great place to see the northern lights. Temperatures can drop to 10°C or lower. The northern areas stay below zero all year, but the moist air helps plants grow. Kazakhstan Large parts of this country are permanently covered in ice. In winter, temperatures drop below zero, and locals have developed skills like ice fishing. In the north, winter temperatures can reach -50°C, while summer can bring 40°C． In the south, temperatures range from -35°C in winter to 45°C in summer. Russia Much of Russia is cold throughout the year. Even summer temperatures can stay below zero in some areas. The northern part of Siberia is always covered in snow. Historically, Russia’s harsh winters have helped protect the country from invaders who were unprepared for the cold. 1．What can be learned about Greenland? A．It is covered with green plants. B．The days can be very long in summer. C．It is the coldest among the four. D．The nights are short in winter. 2．What helps plants grow in Iceland? A．The moist air. B．Enough sunlight. C．Low temperatures. D．The northern lights. 3．Which country was historically protected by its cold weather? A．Greenland. B．Iceland. C．Russia. D．Kazakhstan. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why cold countries are hard to live in. B．To introduce some of the coldest countries in the world. C．To compare the climates of different countries. D．To suggest the best time to visit cold countries. Passage 2 Jiuzhai Valley is home to 114 lakes in different sizes and shapes. Here are some of the most famous lakes. Long Lake Long Lake is longer and wider than other lakes. It’s in the shape of an “S” and has amazing blue and green water. The altitude(海拔) of Long Lake is high. You should be careful with your health condition when visiting it. Colored Pond As the smallest lake in Jiuzhai Valley, Colored Pond is very clean and clear. Just like its name, you can see different colors in the water. The colors change with the season, the weather and the time of a day. Five Flower Lake With yellow and green trees around it, the blue lake shows more mixed colors when you see it in different places. October is the best time to visit it, because the forest will turn into different colors then. Mirror Lake The lake is just like a mirror. It shows the beautiful mountains and the blue sky on the water. The best time to visit it is before 9:00 and after 17:00 on a sunny day. 1. Which lake is the biggest? A．Long Lake. B．Colored Pond. C．Five Flower Lake. D．Mirror Lake. 2. What makes Colored Pond special? A．It is the biggest lake. B．It’s clean and clear. C．Its colors change often. D．Its altitude is high. 3. Which is the best season to visit Five Flower Lake? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 4. In which part of the magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Sports. C．History. D．Geography. Passage 3 Nature’s temper is not fixed; it changes with the seasons and weather. Sometimes it is gentle, bringing warm sunshine and soft wind, making all living things grow happily. Sometimes it is fierce, with heavy rain, strong wind and thunder, showing its great power. Spring is a time when nature is gentle. The sun shines warmly, and the wind blows softly. Flowers bloom, and trees turn green. All living things wake up from their winter sleep, enjoying the gentle touch of nature. People like to go out for walks, feeling the beauty of spring. Summer often brings nature’s fierce side. Sudden rainstorms are common, with strong wind and lightning. The temperature rises high, and sometimes there are heatwaves. These changes are nature’s way of balancing the environment, helping plants grow better and cleaning the air. Autumn is gentle again, with cool wind and clear sky. Leaves turn yellow and fall, and fruits ripen. Winter is cold and quiet, with snow covering the ground. Nature seems to fall asleep, preparing for the new life in spring. Understanding nature’s changing temper helps us live in harmony with it. We should respect every change and protect nature, so that it can keep bringing us beauty and life. 1. What is nature’s temper like in spring? A．Fierce. B．Gentle. C．Cold. D．Hot. 2. What do sudden rainstorms in summer help do? A．Destroy plants. B．Make people stay at home. C．Balance the environment. D．Cool down the earth quickly. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Summer is a hot season. B．Nature’s fierce side in summer and its role. C．People don’t like summer rainstorms. D．Heatwaves are common in summer. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．Nature’s temper never changes. B．We don’t need to respect nature’s changes. C．Understanding nature’s temper helps us protect it. D．Winter is the most beautiful season. Passage 4 The Dead Sea is not a real sea. It is a large salt lake. It is in western Asia, between Jordan (约旦) and other countries. It is very special. It is the lowest place on Earth’s land. Its surface is about 416 meters below sea level. The Dead Sea is long and not very wide. It is about 86 kilometers long and 5 to 18 kilometers wide. The Jordan River runs into it. But no rivers run out of the Dead Sea. The water here is very salty. It is much saltier than other sea water. That’s why most fish and plants cannot live in it. Only some very small living things can live here. So people call it “the Dead Sea”. The salty water makes people float (漂浮) easily. You do not need to swim. You can just lie on the water and read a book! Many visitors come here every year to enjoy this great feeling. The Dead Sea mud (泥) is also very good for the skin, so many people like to take mud baths here. But the Dead Sea is facing problems now. Its water is becoming smaller and smaller. People take too much water from the Jordan River for farming and everyday use. The warm weather also makes the water decrease less quickly. We must try to protect this great natural wonder. 1. What is the Dead Sea according to the passage? A．A clean sea with many fish. B．A large salt lake in western Asia. C．A long river with little water. D．A small lake with cold water. 2. Why is the Dead Sea special in the world? A．Because it is the hottest place on Earth. B．Because it is the longest river in Asia. C．Because it has the most fish in the world. D．Because it is the lowest place on Earth’ land. 3. Why do people call it the “Dead Sea”? A．Because it is too cold for animals. B．Because there is no salt in its water. C．Because almost no visitors go there. D．Because most fish and plants can’t live in it. 4. What can people do easily in the Dead Sea? A．Swim fast like in a pool. B．Catch different kinds of fish. C．Float on the water freely. D．Grow vegetables near it. Passage 5 My hometown is a very beautiful town near the sea. It has a long history. Its old town centre was built in the 1500s. It’s a place where visitors can go back in time to a different world. Many of the local people are farmers. However, farming is not the only business here today. Tourists all over the world are coming to learn about the town and its history—and spend money. This has brought hope and money to the town. Many people think that tourism will decide the future of the town. “This is an easier way to make money. Now we have a very good chance to develop tourism and help our economy,” some people say. However, tourism has also caused problems. The local environment has become worse because of pollution. The local people want a business that makes money, but they know they have to be very careful. ________ They have to make some important decisions. Will they be able to take action to improve the situation? Will they further develop tourism? No one knows. The future of their beautiful town may depend on the decisions they make today. 1. Which is TRUE about my hometown? A．It’s near a hill. B．It’s an old town. C．It’s a new city. D．It’s an old village. 2. What are the main businesses here? A．Fishing and farming. B．Farming and tea. C．Farming and tourism. D．Tea and fishing. 3. What problem has tourism caused? A．The local people wouldn’t like to do the farming any more. B．The local people don’t know how to spend their money. C．There aren’t enough hotels and restaurants for the tourists. D．The environment is not as clean as before. 4. Put the best sentence into the blank ________ in the last paragraph. A．It’s a good chance to develop tourism. B．They shouldn’t develop tourism at all. C．Everyone wants to make money. D．They can’t let tourism grow without any control. Passage 6 The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over 9,000,000 square kilometers across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It’s one of the toughest (艰难的) environments on earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there; most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads of the Sahara depend on goats, sheep, and camels (骆驼) for food and transport. Water is the most important for them; they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible. A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). The Sahara was once much wetter and greener. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change. 1. Where’s the Sahara? A．In South Africa. B．In Northeastern Africa. C．In Northwestern Africa. D．In North Africa. 2. What does the underlined word “nomads” probably mean? A．People who always carry things in the desert. B．People who always have to move their homes. C．People who only have one place to live. D．People who have no place to live. 3. According to the passage, what’s a desert? A．A place that has nomads living in it. B．A place that is very hot and dry all year round. C．A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface. D．A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year. 4. What’s the passage about? A．Facts about the Sahara. B．The people of the Sahara. C．The weather of the Sahara. D．The history of the Sahara. 9 / 9乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 3 Amazing sports（新教材冀教版） （现在完成时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：现在完成时结构与标志词总表 本表系统梳理结构、句式、标志词，配套例句，一目了然。 语法模块 核心要点 具体规则 典型例句 基本结构 肯定式 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 否定式 have/has + not + 过去分词 I haven’t finished it yet. 一般疑问 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 Have you seen it before? 时间标志 already/yet 已经；还（未） I have already read it. ever/never 曾经；从未 Have you ever been there? for/since 持续时间 I have lived here for 10 years. 使用注意事项 1. 主语是第三人称单数用 has，其他人称一律用 have。 例句：She has finished her work. 2. 过去分词要记准：规则动词加 ed，不规则动词需特殊记忆。 例句：go → went → gone；see → saw → seen。 二：现在完成时用法 & 短暂 / 延续转换总表 本表覆盖两大用法、时间状语、短暂→延续转换，完全对应考点。 用法 时间标志 核心说明 典型例句 过去影响现在 already, yet, just, ever 动作已完成，强调结果 I have lost my key. 动作持续至今 for + 时间段；since + 点时间 动作延续，必须用延续动词 I have lived here since 2010. 短暂→延续 高频转换 die→be dead；buy→have；leave→be away；join→be in He has been dead for 3 years. 使用注意事项 1. for + 时间段和 since + 时间点 / 过去从句可以互换。 例句：I have studied English for 5 years. = I have studied English since 5 years ago. 2. 现在完成时不能和明确过去时间（yesterday, just now）连用。 例句：错误：I have seen him yesterday. 正确：I saw him yesterday. 3. 短暂性动词不能与 for/since 连用，必须换成延续性动词。 例句：错误：He has died for 3 years. 正确：He has been dead for 3 years. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. I ____________ (read) this book twice. It’s very interesting. 答案：have read 解析：句意：我已经读过这本书两遍了，它很有趣。twice 是现在完成时标志，用 have/has + 过去分词。 2. She ____________ (not finish) her homework yet. 答案：hasn’t finished 解析：句意：她还没有完成作业。yet 是现在完成时否定标志，用 hasn’t + 过去分词。 3. ____________ you ever ____________ (be) to Beijing? 答案：Have; been 解析：句意：你曾经去过北京吗？ever 是现在完成时疑问标志，用 Have you ever...。 4. My father ____________ (work) in this factory for 20 years. 答案：has worked 解析：句意：我爸爸在这家工厂工作 20 年了。for + 时间段是现在完成时标志。 5. They ____________ (know) each other since they were young. 答案：have known 解析：句意：他们从小就认识彼此。since + 从句是现在完成时标志。 6. I ____________ just ____________ (clean) my room. 答案：have; cleaned 解析：句意：我刚刚打扫完房间。just 用于现在完成时，放在 have/has 与过去分词之间。 7. He ____________ (never, ride) a horse before. 答案：has never ridden 解析：句意：他以前从没骑过马。never 与 before 连用，是现在完成时标志。 8. How long ____________ you ____________ (keep) this book? 答案：have; kept 解析：句意：这本书你借了多久了？how long 提问持续时间，动词必须用延续性动词。 9. The old man ____________ (die) for five years. 答案：has been dead 解析：句意：这位老人去世五年了。die 是短暂动词，与 for 连用时要变为 be dead。 10. We ____________ (live) here since we came to the city. 答案：have lived 解析：句意：自从来到这座城市我们就住在这里。since 从句配现在完成时。 11. My brother ____________ (join) the army for two years. 答案：has been in 解析：句意：我哥哥参军两年了。join 是短暂动词，转换为延续性动词 be in。 12. I ____________ (lose) my pen. I can’t find it anywhere. 答案：have lost 解析：句意：我把笔弄丢了，到处都找不到。过去动作对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。 13. She ____________ (be) ill for three days. 答案：has been 解析：句意：她生病三天了。be ill 是延续性状态，可与 for 时间段连用。 14. ____________ you ____________ (see) my English book? I can’t find it. 答案：Have; seen 解析：句意：你见过我的英语书吗？我找不到了。强调过去动作对现在的影响。 15. They ____________ (be) to Shanghai twice. 答案：have been 解析：句意：他们去过上海两次。have been to 表示 “去过已回”。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 我还没有吃完午饭。 I ____________ ____________ lunch yet. 答案：haven’t had/eaten 解析：句意：我还没有吃完午饭。yet 用于现在完成时否定句，放在句末。 2. 他自从来到这所学校就学习很努力。 He ____________ ____________ hard since he came to this school. 答案：has studied 解析：句意：他自从来到这所学校就学习很努力。since 引导从句，主句用现在完成时。 3. 你曾经看过这部电影吗？ ____________ you ever ____________ this movie? 答案：Have; seen 解析：句意：你曾经看过这部电影吗？ever 用于现在完成时一般疑问句。 4. 这本书我已经借了两周了。 I ____________ ____________ this book for two weeks. 答案：have kept 解析：句意：这本书我已经借了两周了。borrow 是短暂动词，变为延续性动词 keep。 5. 他的爷爷去世五年了。 His grandpa ____________ ____________ ____________ for five years. 答案：has been dead 解析：句意：他的爷爷去世五年了。短暂动词 die 不能与 for 连用，要改为 be dead。 6. 我们已经在这里住了十年了。 We ____________ ____________ here for ten years. 答案：have lived 解析：句意：我们已经在这里住了十年了。for + 时间段是现在完成时标志。 7. 我以前从没去过上海。 I ____________ never ____________ ____________ Shanghai before. 答案：have; been to 解析：句意：我以前从没去过上海。have been to 表示 “去过某地（已回）”。 8. 电影已经开始 10 分钟了。 The film ____________ ____________ ____________ for ten minutes. 答案：has been on 解析：句意：电影已经开始 10 分钟了。begin 是短暂动词，转换为 be on。 9. 她刚刚给我寄了一封信。 She ____________ just ____________ me a letter. 答案：has; sent 解析：句意：她刚刚给我寄了一封信。just 用于现在完成时，放在助动词后。 10. 你们认识彼此多久了？ How long ____________ you ____________ each other? 答案：have; known 解析：句意：你们认识彼此多久了？how long 提问持续时间，用现在完成时。 11. 我已经吃过早饭了。 I ____________ already ____________ breakfast. 答案：have; had/eaten 解析：句意：我已经吃过早饭了。already 用于现在完成时肯定句。 12. 他离开家乡将近 20 年了。 He ____________ ____________ ____________ from his hometown for nearly 20 years. 答案：has been away 解析：句意：他离开家乡将近 20 年了。leave 转换为延续性动词 be away。 13. 到目前为止，他已经学了 3000 个单词。 ____________ ____________, he has learned 3,000 words. 答案：So far 解析：句意：到目前为止，他已经学了 3000 个单词。so far 是现在完成时标志。 14. 我买这辆自行车三年了。 I ____________ ____________ this bike for three years. 答案：have had 解析：句意：我买这辆自行车三年了。buy 是短暂动词，变为延续性动词 have。 15. 自从他来到中国，就一直学习茶文化。 He ____________ ____________ tea culture since he came to China. 答案：has studied 解析：句意：自从他来到中国，就一直学习茶文化。since 从句配现在完成时。 Passage 1 Do you know which are the coldest countries in the world? Here are a few of them. Take a look and see what you can discover. Greenland Don’t be fooled by the name—there is very little green in Greenland. It is one of the coldest countries on Earth. Depending on the season, days can be extremely long or short. In summer, there can be up to 22 hours of daylight, while in winter, there may be only 3 hours. Iceland Iceland’s name reflects its weather conditions. In summer, the country is green and fresh, but in winter, it is covered in snow. Iceland is also a great place to see the northern lights. Temperatures can drop to 10°C or lower. The northern areas stay below zero all year, but the moist air helps plants grow. Kazakhstan Large parts of this country are permanently covered in ice. In winter, temperatures drop below zero, and locals have developed skills like ice fishing. In the north, winter temperatures can reach -50°C, while summer can bring 40°C． In the south, temperatures range from -35°C in winter to 45°C in summer. Russia Much of Russia is cold throughout the year. Even summer temperatures can stay below zero in some areas. The northern part of Siberia is always covered in snow. Historically, Russia’s harsh winters have helped protect the country from invaders who were unprepared for the cold. 1．What can be learned about Greenland? A．It is covered with green plants. B．The days can be very long in summer. C．It is the coldest among the four. D．The nights are short in winter. 2．What helps plants grow in Iceland? A．The moist air. B．Enough sunlight. C．Low temperatures. D．The northern lights. 3．Which country was historically protected by its cold weather? A．Greenland. B．Iceland. C．Russia. D．Kazakhstan. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain why cold countries are hard to live in. B．To introduce some of the coldest countries in the world. C．To compare the climates of different countries. D．To suggest the best time to visit cold countries. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文介绍世界上一些最寒冷的国家，包括格陵兰、冰岛、哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯，并说明它们的气候特点。 1．格陵兰部分提到“In summer, there can be up to 22 hours of daylight”，说明夏天白天时间非常长。 2．冰岛部分提到“but the moist air helps plants grow”，说明湿润的空气帮助植物生长。 3．俄罗斯部分提到“Russia’s harsh winters have helped protect the country from invaders”，说明寒冷的天气曾帮助俄罗斯抵御入侵者。 4．文章开头提出“the coldest countries in the world”，随后分别介绍四个寒冷国家的气候特点，说明文章主要目的是介绍世界上一些最寒冷的国家。 Passage 2 Jiuzhai Valley is home to 114 lakes in different sizes and shapes. Here are some of the most famous lakes. Long Lake Long Lake is longer and wider than other lakes. It’s in the shape of an “S” and has amazing blue and green water. The altitude(海拔) of Long Lake is high. You should be careful with your health condition when visiting it. Colored Pond As the smallest lake in Jiuzhai Valley, Colored Pond is very clean and clear. Just like its name, you can see different colors in the water. The colors change with the season, the weather and the time of a day. Five Flower Lake With yellow and green trees around it, the blue lake shows more mixed colors when you see it in different places. October is the best time to visit it, because the forest will turn into different colors then. Mirror Lake The lake is just like a mirror. It shows the beautiful mountains and the blue sky on the water. The best time to visit it is before 9:00 and after 17:00 on a sunny day. 1. Which lake is the biggest? A．Long Lake. B．Colored Pond. C．Five Flower Lake. D．Mirror Lake. 2. What makes Colored Pond special? A．It is the biggest lake. B．It’s clean and clear. C．Its colors change often. D．Its altitude is high. 3. Which is the best season to visit Five Flower Lake? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Autumn. D．Winter. 4. In which part of the magazine can we read the text? A．Culture. B．Sports. C．History. D．Geography. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文主要介绍了九寨沟的四个著名湖泊——长海、五彩池、五花海和镜湖，分别描述了它们各自的特点以及最佳游览时间等信息，让读者对九寨沟的湖泊景观有初步的了解。 1. 在文章对各个湖泊的描述中，虽未直接提及哪个最大，但从“Long Lake is longer and wider than other lakes.”可知长海比其他湖更长更宽，所以长海(Long Lake)最大。 2. 文中明确提到“The colors change with the season, the weather and the time of a day.”，即它的颜色会随着季节、天气和一天中的时间而变化，C选项的表述符合关于五彩池的特别之处。 3. 考查五花海的最佳游览季节。根据“October is the best time to visit it”以及常识，十月属于秋季(Autumn)。 4. 由于文章主要介绍的是九寨沟的湖泊等地理景观，所以应在地理(Geography)板块。 Passage 3 Nature’s temper is not fixed; it changes with the seasons and weather. Sometimes it is gentle, bringing warm sunshine and soft wind, making all living things grow happily. Sometimes it is fierce, with heavy rain, strong wind and thunder, showing its great power. Spring is a time when nature is gentle. The sun shines warmly, and the wind blows softly. Flowers bloom, and trees turn green. All living things wake up from their winter sleep, enjoying the gentle touch of nature. People like to go out for walks, feeling the beauty of spring. Summer often brings nature’s fierce side. Sudden rainstorms are common, with strong wind and lightning. The temperature rises high, and sometimes there are heatwaves. These changes are nature’s way of balancing the environment, helping plants grow better and cleaning the air. Autumn is gentle again, with cool wind and clear sky. Leaves turn yellow and fall, and fruits ripen. Winter is cold and quiet, with snow covering the ground. Nature seems to fall asleep, preparing for the new life in spring. Understanding nature’s changing temper helps us live in harmony with it. We should respect every change and protect nature, so that it can keep bringing us beauty and life. 1. What is nature’s temper like in spring? A．Fierce. B．Gentle. C．Cold. D．Hot. 2. What do sudden rainstorms in summer help do? A．Destroy plants. B．Make people stay at home. C．Balance the environment. D．Cool down the earth quickly. 3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph? A．Summer is a hot season. B．Nature’s fierce side in summer and its role. C．People don’t like summer rainstorms. D．Heatwaves are common in summer. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A．Nature’s temper never changes. B．We don’t need to respect nature’s changes. C．Understanding nature’s temper helps us protect it. D．Winter is the most beautiful season. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇描述性文章，主要讲述了大自然在不同季节展现出的不同“脾气”，包括春天的温和、夏天的猛烈、秋天的凉爽和冬天的寒冷，并强调了理解大自然变化对我们与自然和谐共处的重要性。 1. 第二段指出春天大自然的脾气：“Spring is a time when nature is gentle.”，这直接说明春天大自然的脾气是温和的。 2. 第三段说明夏天暴雨的作用：“Sudden rainstorms are common, with strong wind and lightning. These changes are nature’s way of balancing the environment, helping plants grow better and cleaning the air.”，其中“These changes”指代前文提到的夏天暴雨等猛烈天气，因此说明夏天暴雨有助于平衡环境。 3. 第三段主要讲述了：“Summer often brings nature’s fierce side. Sudden rainstorms are common, with strong wind and lightning. The temperature rises high, and sometimes there are heatwaves. These changes are nature’s way of balancing the environment, helping plants grow better and cleaning the air.”，主要描述了夏天大自然猛烈的一面及其对环境的作用。 4. 最后一段可以推断出：“Understanding nature’s changing temper helps us live in harmony with it. We should respect every change and protect nature, so that it can keep bringing us beauty and life.”，说明理解大自然的变化有助于我们保护它。 Passage 4 The Dead Sea is not a real sea. It is a large salt lake. It is in western Asia, between Jordan (约旦) and other countries. It is very special. It is the lowest place on Earth’s land. Its surface is about 416 meters below sea level. The Dead Sea is long and not very wide. It is about 86 kilometers long and 5 to 18 kilometers wide. The Jordan River runs into it. But no rivers run out of the Dead Sea. The water here is very salty. It is much saltier than other sea water. That’s why most fish and plants cannot live in it. Only some very small living things can live here. So people call it “the Dead Sea”. The salty water makes people float (漂浮) easily. You do not need to swim. You can just lie on the water and read a book! Many visitors come here every year to enjoy this great feeling. The Dead Sea mud (泥) is also very good for the skin, so many people like to take mud baths here. But the Dead Sea is facing problems now. Its water is becoming smaller and smaller. People take too much water from the Jordan River for farming and everyday use. The warm weather also makes the water decrease less quickly. We must try to protect this great natural wonder. 1. What is the Dead Sea according to the passage? A．A clean sea with many fish. B．A large salt lake in western Asia. C．A long river with little water. D．A small lake with cold water. 2. Why is the Dead Sea special in the world? A．Because it is the hottest place on Earth. B．Because it is the longest river in Asia. C．Because it has the most fish in the world. D．Because it is the lowest place on Earth’ land. 3. Why do people call it the “Dead Sea”? A．Because it is too cold for animals. B．Because there is no salt in its water. C．Because almost no visitors go there. D．Because most fish and plants can’t live in it. 4. What can people do easily in the Dead Sea? A．Swim fast like in a pool. B．Catch different kinds of fish. C．Float on the water freely. D．Grow vegetables near it. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了死海的地理位置、特点、名称由来、浮力现象以及面临的威胁。 1. 第一段开头几句：“The Dead Sea is not a real sea. It is a large salt lake. It is in western Asia”，指出，死海是西亚的一个大盐湖。 2. 第一段最后两句：“It is the lowest place on Earth’s land. Its surface is about 416 meters below sea level”指出，死海的特殊之处在于它是地球上陆地的最低点。 3. 第三段句子：“The water here is very salty... That’s why most fish and plants cannot live in it. Only some very small living things can live here. So people call it ‘the Dead Sea’”，表明死海得名是因为大多数鱼和植物无法生存。 4. 第四段句子：“The salty water makes people float easily. You do not need to swim. You can just lie on the water and read a book!”，表明人们可以在死海的水面上轻松漂浮。 Passage 5 My hometown is a very beautiful town near the sea. It has a long history. Its old town centre was built in the 1500s. It’s a place where visitors can go back in time to a different world. Many of the local people are farmers. However, farming is not the only business here today. Tourists all over the world are coming to learn about the town and its history—and spend money. This has brought hope and money to the town. Many people think that tourism will decide the future of the town. “This is an easier way to make money. Now we have a very good chance to develop tourism and help our economy,” some people say. However, tourism has also caused problems. The local environment has become worse because of pollution. The local people want a business that makes money, but they know they have to be very careful. ________ They have to make some important decisions. Will they be able to take action to improve the situation? Will they further develop tourism? No one knows. The future of their beautiful town may depend on the decisions they make today. 1. Which is TRUE about my hometown? A．It’s near a hill. B．It’s an old town. C．It’s a new city. D．It’s an old village. 2. What are the main businesses here? A．Fishing and farming. B．Farming and tea. C．Farming and tourism. D．Tea and fishing. 3. What problem has tourism caused? A．The local people wouldn’t like to do the farming any more. B．The local people don’t know how to spend their money. C．There aren’t enough hotels and restaurants for the tourists. D．The environment is not as clean as before. 4. Put the best sentence into the blank ________ in the last paragraph. A．It’s a good chance to develop tourism. B．They shouldn’t develop tourism at all. C．Everyone wants to make money. D．They can’t let tourism grow without any control. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文介绍了作者临海、历史悠久的家乡，讲述当地依靠农业与旅游业发展经济，旅游业在带来收益的同时也造成了环境问题，当地人需要谨慎管控旅游业、做出关乎小镇未来的抉择 1. 第一段指出：“Its old town centre was built in the 1500s.”，这直接说明作者的家乡是一座古老的城镇。 2. 第二段提到：“Many of the local people are farmers. However, farming is not the only business here today. Tourists all over the world are coming...”，明确了这里主要的产业是农业和旅游业。 3. 第三段表明：“However, tourism has also caused problems. The local environment has become worse because of pollution.”，可以推断出旅游业带来的问题是当地环境不如以前干净了。 4. 最后一段前文说到当地人想要赚钱，但是必须十分谨慎，后文又说他们要做出重要决定、管控旅游业发展。空白处前文提示要谨慎对待，因此“They can’t let tourism grow without any control.”（他们不能任由旅游业无节制地发展）衔接上下文最合适。 Passage 6 The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. It covers over 9,000,000 square kilometers across North Africa. The weather there can be very different in a day’s time. During the day, temperatures rise above 40℃, while nights can be very cold. It’s one of the toughest (艰难的) environments on earth. The Sahara is as big as Canada but has very few people. Less than two and a half million people live there; most of them are nomads. Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes. They move from place to place, carrying everything they need to live. The nomads of the Sahara depend on goats, sheep, and camels (骆驼) for food and transport. Water is the most important for them; they need water to live, so they must carry enough water or know where to find it. Without water, life is impossible. A desert is not defined (定义) by sand but by the lack of rain. To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year. Surprisingly, only 25% of the Sahara is covered in sand. The rest is rock and gravel (砂砾). The Sahara was once much wetter and greener. Over time, it became the desert we see today. Truly, the Sahara is a place of history and change. 1. Where’s the Sahara? A．In South Africa. B．In Northeastern Africa. C．In Northwestern Africa. D．In North Africa. 2. What does the underlined word “nomads” probably mean? A．People who always carry things in the desert. B．People who always have to move their homes. C．People who only have one place to live. D．People who have no place to live. 3. According to the passage, what’s a desert? A．A place that has nomads living in it. B．A place that is very hot and dry all year round. C．A place that has more than 25% sand on its surface. D．A place that gets less than 250 mm of rain every year. 4. What’s the passage about? A．Facts about the Sahara. B．The people of the Sahara. C．The weather of the Sahara. D．The history of the Sahara. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文全面介绍了世界最大热带沙漠——撒哈拉沙漠的地理位置、气候、居民、地貌特征以及演变历史等各类科普知识。 1. 第一段明确提到：“It covers over 9,000,000 square kilometers across North Africa.”，这直接说明撒哈拉沙漠的位置。 2. 第二段明确提到：“Nomads are people who have no permanent (固定的) homes.”，也就是没有固定住所、需要不断搬迁住所的人。 3. 第三段明确提到：“To be a desert, a place must get less than 250 mm of rain each year.”，也就是说沙漠是按降雨量定义的。 4. 通读全文可知，文章从位置、气候、居民、地貌、历史多个方面介绍了撒哈拉的相关信息。 13 / 13乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $