Unit 2 Safety 过去进行时-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（冀教版）

该初中英语Unit 2 Safety学习任务单以过去进行时为核心，目标是帮助学生系统掌握其结构、用法及综合应用。通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进设计，语法结构总表梳理句型公式与例句，用法总表覆盖标志词和when/while句型，构建连贯的知识学习路径。 亮点在于结构化知识框架与分层任务设计，单句语法填空、完成句子填空针对性提升语言能力，六篇阅读理解（如志愿者故事、团队合作主题）融入文化意识与思维品质培养。为学生提供系统复习工具，助力深度学习，也为教师单元复习教学提供清晰指导。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Safety（新教材冀教版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：过去进行时结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配例句与用法，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 解析说明 肯定句 主语 + was/were+doing I was doing my homework at 8 last night. 过去某时间点动作正在进行 否定句 主语 + was/were not+doing He wasn’t watching TV at that time. was not=wasn’t；were not=weren’t 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you reading when I called? 用 Yes/No 回答 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing What were you doing yesterday? 对动作提问，用进行时回答 使用注意事项 1. 单数主语用was，复数主语用were，不能混用。 例句：He was sleeping at this time yesterday. 2. 动词 - ing 形式要正确变化，重读闭音节结尾需双写末尾辅音字母。 例句：I was running when the phone rang. 二：过去进行时用法 & 标志词总表 本表覆盖三大用法、标志词、when/while 句型，完全对应教材考点。 用法 时间标志 核心句型 典型例句 过去某点正在做 at this time yesterday /at + 时间点 was/were doing I was sleeping at 10:00 last night. 过去某段持续做 from…to… / all day yesterday was/were doing They were working from 9 to 12 yesterday. 当… 时正在做 when / while ①was/were doing…when…did ② while…was doing,…was doing I was walking when it rained. While I was reading, he was drawing. 使用注意事项 1. when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 例句：I was watching TV when my father came in. 2. while引导的从句必须用延续性动词，常与过去进行时连用。 例句：While I was doing homework, my mom was cooking. 3. 过去进行时强调动作正在进行，一般过去时强调动作已完成。 例句：He wrote a letter last night.（一般过去）He was writing a letter at 8 last night.（过去进行） 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. I ______ (do) my homework at this time yesterday. 2. They ______ (play) football from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. 3. When the teacher came in, we ______ (talk) loudly. 4. My father ______ (read) a newspaper at 8:00 last night. 5. —Why didn’t you answer my call? —Sorry, I ______ (take) a shower at that time. 6. It ______ (rain) heavily when we left school yesterday. 7. While I ______ (cook), my brother ______ (play) games. 8. She ______ (not watch) TV at that time yesterday. 9. What ______ you ______ (do) when I called you? 10. The girl ______ (sleep) when the earthquake happened. 11. They ______ (not have) dinner at 7 yesterday evening. 12. While my mother ______ (clean) the room, I ______ (do) my homework. 13. He ______ (lie) in bed at 10:00 last night. 14. When I got home, my sister ______ (draw) a picture. 15. The students ______ (discuss) questions when the teacher came in. 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 昨天这个时候我正在打扫房间。 I ______ ______ the room at this time yesterday. 2. 昨晚 8 点你在做什么？ What ______ you ______ at 8:00 last night? 3. 我正在跑步，突然天下雨了。 I ______ ______ when it began to rain. 4. 她昨晚没有在看电视。 She ______ ______ TV last night. 5. 当电话响时，我正在洗澡。 I ______ ______ a shower when the phone rang. 6. 他们昨天一整天都在种树。 They ______ ______ trees all day yesterday. 7. 我在看书时，我妹妹在听音乐。 While I ______ ______ a book, my sister ______ ______ to music. 8. 昨晚火灾发生时，他们正在睡觉。 They ______ ______ when the fire started last night. 9. 昨天下午 5 点他不在写作业。 He ______ ______ his homework at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 10. 当我走进教室时，学生们正在唱歌。 The students ______ ______ when I came into the classroom. 11. 昨晚你那个时候正在上网吗？ ______ you ______ online at that time last night? 12. 当爸爸进来时，我正在玩电脑游戏。 I ______ ______ computer games when my father came in. 13. 他们昨晚从 7 点到 9 点一直在看电视。 They ______ ______ TV from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 14. 她昨天这个时候正在弹钢琴。 She ______ ______ the piano at this time yesterday. 15. 当事故发生时，我们正在回家的路上。 We ______ ______ home when the accident happened. Passage 1 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 As a volunteer teacher, I traveled a long way to a village school in Longzhou, Guangxi. On my way there, I 1 the school and the children there. “It must be new and big. Flowers are everywhere,” I said to myself. But I got so upset 2 I arrived there. It didn’t look like a school at all! How small! And there were only 3 rooms! One was for Grades 1, 2 and 3; one was for Grades 4, 5 and 6; the third one was for me. The only comfort was that the children welcomed me 4 on my first day. They asked me a lot of questions, and I told them stories about myself and my life in Shanghai. The next day, I gave them a 5 to find out their levels (水平). To my surprise, though the test was very 6 , over half of the students failed (不及格). But they all wanted to learn new things. I knew they 7 me. Now I’m busy preparing lessons for them every night. I can see that they are doing better and better 8 my help. I learn a lot from them too. I understand 9 lives better now, and we are good friends. I’m very happy, and the experience is 10 very useful for me. I love the small school and the children. 1．A．thought about B．set up C．looked after D．tried out 2．A．before B．so C．when D．while 3．A．two B．three C．four D．five 4．A．carelessly B．poorly C．quietly D．warmly 5．A．calendar B．notice C．test D．letter 6．A．easy B．boring C．creative D．expensive 7．A．missed B．needed C．trained D．controlled 8．A．with B．under C．at D．of 9．A．his B．her C．our D．their 10．A．never B．also C．still D．either Passage 2 Literature opens a door to a whole new world for us. My favourite type of literature is the fairy tale. Let me share a story with you. 1 upon a time, there lived a giant in a big house with a beautiful garden. The garden was 2 with green grass and colourful flowers. Children liked to play there. But the giant was very selfish. When he saw the children, he got 3 and shouted in a 4 voice, “Get out of my garden!” He even built a high wall to 5 the children away. From then on, spring never came to his garden. It was always winter. The garden was 6 with snow and ice. One morning, the giant woke up and heard some lovely music. He looked out and found that spring had 7 returned! The children had climbed through a hole in the wall and were playing in the trees. He finally realized his mistake. He felt 8 for what he had done. He knocked down the wall and said to the children, “It is your garden now.” This story tells us that sharing brings happiness. 9 we read such stories, we can learn a lot. I hope everyone can read more literature and become 10 in knowledge. 1. A．Once B．Before C．Long D．Soon 2. A．covered B．filled C．made D．crowded 3. A．glad B．mad C．sad D．tired 4. A．loud B．high C．deep D．soft 5. A．take B．keep C．pull D．put 6. A．filled B．covered C．mixed D．planted 7. A．finally B．almost C．hardly D．exactly 8. A．thankful B．sorry C．ready D．famous 9. A．Before B．Although C．Unless D．When 10. A．poor B．weak C．rich D．short Passage 3 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案，填入文中空缺处。 Good men are everywhere—and one such man showed up at the Star Market in Newton, US. He volunteered to 1 an old woman’s bill after she couldn’t use her credit card. The heart-warming story 2 last September. 90-year-old Marilyn Oettinger was shopping at the Star Market. In fact, Marilyn was going through a lot and she hardly ever went out 3 . That day, everything was going fine 4 Marilyn found that her credit card wasn’t working. She didn’t have any 5 with her. She was so worried. At this time, a man behind her said, “Don’t 6 . I will help you.” Then he helped pay $109—not a small bill. Marilyn wanted to get his name and 7 him, but the stranger left without telling her. Marilyn’s family tried to find some information about this kind stranger online, but they found 8 about him. Then they decided to pay back the 9 in another way—by passing it on in the future. “We’re still trying to find him. We hope he will know that we’re very thankful for what he did,” said Margie, Marilyn’s daughter. “It’s 10 to have an angel like him in the world.” 1. A．pay B．send C．give D．win 2. A．read B．waited C．happened D．told 3. A．either B．again C．soon D．alone 4. A．if B．although C．because D．till 5. A．money B．time C．trouble D．advice 6. A．worry B．follow C．accept D．shout 7. A．miss B．thank C．answer D．choose 8. A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 9. A．problem B．trip C．kindness D．dream 10. A．wonderful B．difficult C．common D．natural Passage 4 Tom is a middle school student. His parents care about him, but they have a bad habit: they always 1 him with his older brother, Mike. Mike is good at sports and studies, so Tom often hears, “Why can’t you be like Mike?” This makes Tom feel 2 . He thinks his parents don’t understand him. One day, he talked to his teacher, Mrs. Lee. “I don’t want them to compare me with Mike anymore. It’s 3 ,” Tom said. Mrs. Lee smiled and asked, “Do you know 4 they do so?” Tom shook his head. “Maybe they want you to 5 , but they don’t know how to show it. Many parents are like this—they love their kids but 6 don’t know how to express it.” She gave Tom some advice: “If this happens again, it’s necessary (必要的) to get your feelings across 7 . Tell them you want to try your best, and you hope they can be proud of you, not just Mike.” Tom took the 8 . He talked to his parents that night. To his surprise, they said sorry, admitted (承认) it was their 9 , and promised to stop comparing in future. Now, Tom feels happy and knows how to 10 such situations. 1. A．compare B．protect C．help D．control 2. A．proud B．upset C．excited D．shy 3. A．beautiful B．harmful C．runny D．hurtful 4. A．when B．why C．where D．how 5. A．succeed B．rest C．fail D．lie 6. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometimes 7. A．heavily B．quickly C．clearly D．seriously 8. A．coin B．present C．advice D．experience 9. A．sense B．fault C．pressure D．medicine 10. A．deal with B．look for C．pack up D．put out Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 China is a country with a long history and brilliant culture. It is one of the oldest countries in the world. Over the years, great changes 1 in China. People’s living conditions have improved a lot. Many people have moved into new and big houses. The 2 has become more convenient. We can take high-speed trains, planes and other modern transportation to travel around the country. China is also famous for its great natural and cultural wonders. The Great Wall is one of the most famous 3 in the world. It 4 more than 2,000 years ago to protect the country. Now it is a popular tourist attraction. The Yangtze River, the longest river in China, 5 through many provinces. It provides water for people and animals. In the past, China was a poor country. But now, China 6 into a strong and developed country. We 7 many great projects, such as the Three Gorges Project and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. These projects 8 the development of China greatly. Chinese people are working hard to make our country better and better. As a Chinese student, I am 9 of my country. I 10 that China will have a brighter future. I will study hard and do my best for our motherland. 1. A．have happened B．happened C．have taken place D．took place 2. A．traffic B．food C．weather D．environment 3. A．place B．places C．wonder D．wonders 4. A．built B．was built C．is built D．has been built 5. A．runs B．run C．ran D．is running 6. A．developed B．is developing C．has developed D．develop 7. A．built B．have built C．build D．are building 8. A．help B．are helping C．have helped D．helped 9. A．proud B．happy C．excited D．surprised 10. A．hope B．wish C．think D．believe Passage 6 Teamwork is very important in study and work. No one can finish all the difficult tasks 1 . In order to reach our goals, we need to master (掌握) the important 2 of working as a team. First, good communication is the key. Don’t be 3 about speaking out your thoughts. Everyone in the team should talk freely and share their ideas bravely. Second, we must 4 different roles wisely. A good leader plans, some members act, and others check the work. Everyone has something they are not good at. Clear responsibilities help team members make up for their 5 , which makes the team run well. Third, learn to be kind to your teammates. When someone makes a mistake, don’t be angry with him. Try to help him out and remember no one is 6 . Also, respect others’ opinions even if you have a(n) 7 with them sometimes. Finally, keep a(n) 8 goal in mind. Never think only about your own 9 . All members should try hard for the same goal together. If you follow the advice, your team will 10 problems easily. Good teamwork always brings great success to every member of the group. 1. A．alone B．straight C．again D．tonight 2. A．speech B．skill C．result D．reality 3. A．glad B．shy C．fair D．mad 4. A．replace B．forget C．organise D．doubt 5. A．connections B．messages C．weaknesses D．payments 6. A．fashionable B．perfect C．smart D．lazy 7. A．excuse B．cooperation C．meeting D．disagreement 8. A．common B．difficult C．painful D．interesting 9. A．inventions B．objects C．interests D．markets 10. A．set up B．knock down C．stick to D．work out 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 2 Safety（新教材冀教版） （过去进行时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：过去进行时结构总表 本表系统梳理肯定、否定、疑问完整结构，配例句与用法，清晰好记。 句型结构 公式 典型例句 解析说明 肯定句 主语 + was/were+doing I was doing my homework at 8 last night. 过去某时间点动作正在进行 否定句 主语 + was/were not+doing He wasn’t watching TV at that time. was not=wasn’t；were not=weren’t 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + doing? Were you reading when I called? 用 Yes/No 回答 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing What were you doing yesterday? 对动作提问，用进行时回答 使用注意事项 1. 单数主语用was，复数主语用were，不能混用。 例句：He was sleeping at this time yesterday. 2. 动词 - ing 形式要正确变化，重读闭音节结尾需双写末尾辅音字母。 例句：I was running when the phone rang. 二：过去进行时用法 & 标志词总表 本表覆盖三大用法、标志词、when/while 句型，完全对应教材考点。 用法 时间标志 核心句型 典型例句 过去某点正在做 at this time yesterday /at + 时间点 was/were doing I was sleeping at 10:00 last night. 过去某段持续做 from…to… / all day yesterday was/were doing They were working from 9 to 12 yesterday. 当… 时正在做 when / while ①was/were doing…when…did ② while…was doing,…was doing I was walking when it rained. While I was reading, he was drawing. 使用注意事项 1. when引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 例句：I was watching TV when my father came in. 2. while引导的从句必须用延续性动词，常与过去进行时连用。 例句：While I was doing homework, my mom was cooking. 3. 过去进行时强调动作正在进行，一般过去时强调动作已完成。 例句：He wrote a letter last night.（一般过去）He was writing a letter at 8 last night.（过去进行） 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. I ______ (do) my homework at this time yesterday. 答案：was doing 解析：句意：昨天这个时候我正在写作业。at this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志，结构为 was/were doing。 2. They ______ (play) football from 3 to 5 yesterday afternoon. 答案：were playing 解析：句意：他们昨天下午 3 点到 5 点一直在踢足球。from…to… 是过去时间段，用过去进行时。 3. When the teacher came in, we ______ (talk) loudly. 答案：were talking 解析：句意：老师进来时，我们正在大声说话。when 从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 4. My father ______ (read) a newspaper at 8:00 last night. 答案：was reading 解析：句意：我爸爸昨晚 8 点正在看报纸。at 8:00 last night 是过去时间点，用过去进行时。 5. —Why didn’t you answer my call? —Sorry, I ______ (take) a shower at that time. 答案：was taking 解析：句意：抱歉，我那时正在洗澡。at that time 是过去进行时标志词。 6. It ______ (rain) heavily when we left school yesterday. 答案：was raining 解析：句意：我们昨天离校时雨下得很大。when 引导短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 7. While I ______ (cook), my brother ______ (play) games. 答案：was cooking; was playing 解析：句意：我做饭时弟弟在玩游戏。while 连接两个同时进行的动作，都用过去进行时。 8. She ______ (not watch) TV at that time yesterday. 答案：wasn’t watching 解析：句意：她昨天那个时候没在看电视。过去进行时否定式：was/were not doing。 9. What ______ you ______ (do) when I called you? 答案：were; doing 解析：句意：我打电话时你在做什么？过去进行时特殊疑问句结构。 10. The girl ______ (sleep) when the earthquake happened. 答案：was sleeping 解析：句意：地震发生时女孩正在睡觉。happen 是短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 11. They ______ (not have) dinner at 7 yesterday evening. 答案：weren’t having 解析：句意：他们昨晚 7 点没在吃晚饭。at 7 yesterday evening 用过去进行时。 12. While my mother ______ (clean) the room, I ______ (do) my homework. 答案：was cleaning; was doing 解析：句意：妈妈打扫房间时我在写作业。while 表示同时进行，都用过去进行时。 13. He ______ (lie) in bed at 10:00 last night. 答案：was lying 解析：句意：昨晚 10 点他正躺在床上。lie 的现在分词是 lying，主语 he 用 was。 14. When I got home, my sister ______ (draw) a picture. 答案：was drawing 解析：句意：我到家时妹妹正在画画。when 从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 15. The students ______ (discuss) questions when the teacher came in. 答案：were discussing 解析：句意：老师进来时学生们正在讨论问题。come 是短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 昨天这个时候我正在打扫房间。 I ______ ______ the room at this time yesterday. 答案：was cleaning 解析：句意：昨天这个时候我正在打扫房间。at this time yesterday 是过去进行时标志。 2. 昨晚 8 点你在做什么？ What ______ you ______ at 8:00 last night? 答案：were; doing 解析：句意：昨晚 8 点你在做什么？过去进行时特殊疑问句结构。 3. 我正在跑步，突然天下雨了。 I ______ ______ when it began to rain. 答案：was running 解析：句意：我正在跑步突然下雨了。was/were doing…when…did 固定句型。 4. 她昨晚没有在看电视。 She ______ ______ TV last night. 答案：wasn’t watching 解析：句意：她昨晚没在看电视。过去进行时否定形式：wasn’t/weren’t doing。 5. 当电话响时，我正在洗澡。 I ______ ______ a shower when the phone rang. 答案：was taking 解析：句意：电话响时我正在洗澡。when 从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 6. 他们昨天一整天都在种树。 They ______ ______ trees all day yesterday. 答案：were planting 解析：句意：他们昨天一整天都在种树。all day yesterday 用过去进行时。 7. 我在看书时，我妹妹在听音乐。 While I ______ ______ a book, my sister ______ ______ to music. 答案：was reading; was listening 解析：句意：我看书时妹妹在听音乐。while 连接两个同时进行的过去动作。 8. 昨晚火灾发生时，他们正在睡觉。 They ______ ______ when the fire started last night. 答案：were sleeping 解析：句意：火灾发生时他们正在睡觉。start 是短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 9. 昨天下午 5 点他不在写作业。 He ______ ______ his homework at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 答案：wasn’t doing 解析：句意：昨天下午 5 点他不在写作业。过去进行时否定句。 10. 当我走进教室时，学生们正在唱歌。 The students ______ ______ when I came into the classroom. 答案：were singing 解析：句意：我进教室时学生们正在唱歌。come 是短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 11. 昨晚你那个时候正在上网吗？ ______ you ______ online at that time last night? 答案：Were; surfing 解析：句意：昨晚你那时正在上网吗？过去进行时一般疑问句。 12. 当爸爸进来时，我正在玩电脑游戏。 I ______ ______ computer games when my father came in. 答案：was playing 解析：句意：爸爸进来时我正在玩游戏。was/were doing…when…did 句型。 13. 他们昨晚从 7 点到 9 点一直在看电视。 They ______ ______ TV from 7:00 to 9:00 last night. 答案：were watching 解析：句意：他们昨晚 7 点到 9 点一直在看电视。from…to… 用过去进行时。 14. 她昨天这个时候正在弹钢琴。 She ______ ______ the piano at this time yesterday. 答案：was playing 解析：句意：她昨天这个时候正在弹钢琴。at this time yesterday 用过去进行时。 15. 当事故发生时，我们正在回家的路上。 We ______ ______ home when the accident happened. 答案：were going 解析：句意：事故发生时我们正在回家。happen 是短暂动作，主句用过去进行时。 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 As a volunteer teacher, I traveled a long way to a village school in Longzhou, Guangxi. On my way there, I 1 the school and the children there. “It must be new and big. Flowers are everywhere,” I said to myself. But I got so upset 2 I arrived there. It didn’t look like a school at all! How small! And there were only 3 rooms! One was for Grades 1, 2 and 3; one was for Grades 4, 5 and 6; the third one was for me. The only comfort was that the children welcomed me 4 on my first day. They asked me a lot of questions, and I told them stories about myself and my life in Shanghai. The next day, I gave them a 5 to find out their levels (水平). To my surprise, though the test was very 6 , over half of the students failed (不及格). But they all wanted to learn new things. I knew they 7 me. Now I’m busy preparing lessons for them every night. I can see that they are doing better and better 8 my help. I learn a lot from them too. I understand 9 lives better now, and we are good friends. I’m very happy, and the experience is 10 very useful for me. I love the small school and the children. 1．A．thought about B．set up C．looked after D．tried out 2．A．before B．so C．when D．while 3．A．two B．three C．four D．five 4．A．carelessly B．poorly C．quietly D．warmly 5．A．calendar B．notice C．test D．letter 6．A．easy B．boring C．creative D．expensive 7．A．missed B．needed C．trained D．controlled 8．A．with B．under C．at D．of 9．A．his B．her C．our D．their 10．A．never B．also C．still D．either 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．D 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了一名支教老师前往广西龙州一所乡村学校支教的经历。尽管学校条件简陋，但孩子们的热情欢迎让她感动。通过一次简单的测试，她发现学生基础薄弱，但他们渴望学习。在老师的帮助下，学生不断进步，师生之间也建立了深厚的友谊。 1．句意：在去的路上，我想象着学校和那里的孩子们。 前往一个从未去过的地方，在路上会“想象”那里的样子。thought about“想象/思考”。set up“建立”、looked after“照顾”、tried out“试用/选拔”均不符合语境。 2．句意：但当我到达那里时，我非常沮丧。 表示“当……的时候”，应用when引导时间状语从句。before“在……之前”、so“所以”、while“当……时”（通常接延续性动作，arrive为短暂性动词），因此when最合适。 3．句意：只有三间房！ 后文列举了：一间给一、二、三年级，一间给四、五、六年级，第三间给老师，因此是“三”间。three“三”。two“二”、four“四”、five“五”均与后文列举的数量不符。 4．句意：唯一的安慰是，孩子们在我第一天就热情地欢迎了我。 孩子们问了很多问题，并且老师给他们讲故事，说明他们很“热情地”欢迎。warmly“热情地”。carelessly“粗心地”、poorly“贫穷地/糟糕地”、quietly“安静地”均不符合。 5．句意：第二天，我给他们进行了一次测试，以了解他们的水平。 后文提到“over half of the students failed”，说明进行的是“测试”。test“测试”。calendar“日历”、notice“通知”、letter“信”均不符合。 6．句意：虽然测试非常简单，但超过一半的学生不及格。 后文说学生不及格，与测试难度形成对比，因此测试是“简单的”。easy“简单的”。boring“无聊的”、creative“有创造力的”、expensive“昂贵的”均不符合逻辑。 7．句意：我知道他们需要我。 学生基础薄弱但渴望学习，因此他们“需要”老师的帮助。needed“需要”。missed“想念”、trained“训练”、controlled“控制”中，needed最符合教学情境。 8．句意：我可以看到，在我的帮助下，他们做得越来越好。 with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”，固定搭配。with“和/用/具有”。under“在……下面”、at“在”、of“……的”均不构成此短语。 9．句意：我现在更好地理解了他们的生活。 老师理解的对象是“孩子们的”生活，应用their“他们的”。his“他的”、her“她的”、our“我们的”均指代错误。 10．句意：我很开心，这段经历对我来说也非常有用。 前文说“我很开心”，后文补充说明这段经历也很有用，应用also“也”。never“从不”、still“仍然”、either“也”（用于否定句）均不符合。 Passage 2 Literature opens a door to a whole new world for us. My favourite type of literature is the fairy tale. Let me share a story with you. 1 upon a time, there lived a giant in a big house with a beautiful garden. The garden was 2 with green grass and colourful flowers. Children liked to play there. But the giant was very selfish. When he saw the children, he got 3 and shouted in a 4 voice, “Get out of my garden!” He even built a high wall to 5 the children away. From then on, spring never came to his garden. It was always winter. The garden was 6 with snow and ice. One morning, the giant woke up and heard some lovely music. He looked out and found that spring had 7 returned! The children had climbed through a hole in the wall and were playing in the trees. He finally realized his mistake. He felt 8 for what he had done. He knocked down the wall and said to the children, “It is your garden now.” This story tells us that sharing brings happiness. 9 we read such stories, we can learn a lot. I hope everyone can read more literature and become 10 in knowledge. 1. A．Once B．Before C．Long D．Soon 2. A．covered B．filled C．made D．crowded 3. A．glad B．mad C．sad D．tired 4. A．loud B．high C．deep D．soft 5. A．take B．keep C．pull D．put 6. A．filled B．covered C．mixed D．planted 7. A．finally B．almost C．hardly D．exactly 8. A．thankful B．sorry C．ready D．famous 9. A．Before B．Although C．Unless D．When 10. A．poor B．weak C．rich D．short 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文讲述《巨人的花园》的故事：巨人因自私赶走孩子，花园常年寒冬；后来他醒悟，拆除围墙与孩子分享花园，春天重返，说明“分享带来幸福”的道理。 1. 句意：从前，有个巨人住在带漂亮花园的大房子里。 “Once upon a time”是固定短语，意为“从前”，用于故事开头，Once符合语境。Before“在……之前”、Long“长久”、Soon“很快”均不符合故事开头的表达。 2. 句意：花园里长满了绿草和五颜六色的花。 “be filled with”是固定搭配，意为“充满”，filled符合“花园里有花草”的语境。covered“覆盖”、made“制作”、crowded“拥挤的”均不符合搭配。 3. 句意：当他看到孩子们时，他气坏了，大声喊道：“滚出我的花园！” 结合“大喊驱赶孩子”，巨人是“生气的”，mad“生气的”符合语境。glad“开心的”、sad“难过的”、tired“疲惫的”均不符合情绪。 4. 句意：当他看到孩子们时，他气坏了，大声喊道：“滚出我的花园！” 生气时的喊声是“响亮的”，loud“响亮的”符合语境。high“高的”（侧重音调）、deep“深沉的”、soft“轻柔的”均不符合“生气大喊”的状态。 5. 句意：他甚至建了一堵高墙来阻止孩子们进入。 “keep...away”是固定搭配，意为“阻止……靠近”，keep符合“建墙防孩子”的逻辑。take“带走”、pull“拉”、put“放”均不符合搭配。 6. 句意：花园被雪和冰覆盖着。 结合“always winter”，花园是“被覆盖”着冰雪，covered“覆盖”符合语境。filled“充满”、mixed“混合”、planted“种植”均不符合“冰雪覆盖”的状态。 7. 句意：他向外看，发现春天终于回来了！ 结合“孩子们回到花园”，春天“终于”到来，finally“终于”符合语境。almost“几乎”、hardly“几乎不”、exactly“确切地”均不符合“春天重返”的情节。 8. 句意：他为自己的所作所为感到抱歉。 巨人意识到错误后，是“感到抱歉”，sorry“抱歉的”符合语境。thankful“感激的”、ready“准备好的”、famous“著名的”均不符合情绪。 9. 句意：当我们读这样的故事时，能学到很多。 “读故事”与“学到知识”是伴随关系，When“当……时”符合逻辑。Before“在……之前”、Although“尽管”、Unless“除非”均不符合语义。 10. 句意：我希望每个人都能多读书，变得知识渊博。 “be rich in knowledge”是固定表达，意为“知识渊博”，rich符合语境。poor“贫乏的”、weak“弱的”、short“短缺的”均与“多读书”的结果矛盾。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案，填入文中空缺处。 Good men are everywhere—and one such man showed up at the Star Market in Newton, US. He volunteered to 1 an old woman’s bill after she couldn’t use her credit card. The heart-warming story 2 last September. 90-year-old Marilyn Oettinger was shopping at the Star Market. In fact, Marilyn was going through a lot and she hardly ever went out 3 . That day, everything was going fine 4 Marilyn found that her credit card wasn’t working. She didn’t have any 5 with her. She was so worried. At this time, a man behind her said, “Don’t 6 . I will help you.” Then he helped pay $109—not a small bill. Marilyn wanted to get his name and 7 him, but the stranger left without telling her. Marilyn’s family tried to find some information about this kind stranger online, but they found 8 about him. Then they decided to pay back the 9 in another way—by passing it on in the future. “We’re still trying to find him. We hope he will know that we’re very thankful for what he did,” said Margie, Marilyn’s daughter. “It’s 10 to have an angel like him in the world.” 1. A．pay B．send C．give D．win 2. A．read B．waited C．happened D．told 3. A．either B．again C．soon D．alone 4. A．if B．although C．because D．till 5. A．money B．time C．trouble D．advice 6. A．worry B．follow C．accept D．shout 7. A．miss B．thank C．answer D．choose 8. A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing 9. A．problem B．trip C．kindness D．dream 10. A．wonderful B．difficult C．common D．natural 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位陌生男子在超市为无法付款的90岁老妇人支付账单的暖心故事，老妇人的家人因找不到他而决定将来以帮助他人的方式传递这份善意。 1. 句意：在一位老妇人无法使用信用卡后，他自愿为她付账。 空格后“an old woman’s bill”提示，此处指为一个老妇人付账，pay“支付”。 2. 句意：这个感人的故事发生在去年九月。 “The heart-warming story…last September.”提示，此处应填入happened，意为“发生”，表达这个感人的故事发生在去年九月。 3. 句意：事实上，玛丽莲经历了很多，她很少单独出门。 前文说90岁的Marilyn最近经历了很多不如意，因此她几乎从不独自出门，alone表示“独自”，符合语境。其他：either也（用于否定句句末），again“再”，soon“不久”，都不符合。 4. 句意：那天一切都很顺利，直到玛丽莲发现她的信用卡无法使用。 后半句“Marilyn found that her credit card wasn’t working.”是前半句“everything was going fine”的时间状语，此处应填入till，意为“直到……为止”，表达一切都很顺利，直到玛丽莲发现她的信用卡不能用为止。 5. 句意：她身上没带钱。 后文“Then he helped pay $109—not a small bill.”提示，她身上没带钱，money“钱”。 6. 句意：这时，她身后的一个男人说:“不要担心。我会帮助你的。” “I will help you.”提示，此处她身后的一个男人应该安慰她道“不要担心”，worry“担心”。 7. 句意：玛丽莲想知道他的名字并向他道谢，但陌生人没有告诉她就走了。 前文语境提示，这个男人帮她付了109美元，所以此处指的向他道谢，thank“谢谢”。 8. 句意：玛丽莲的家人试图在网上找到一些关于这个善良的陌生人的信息，但他们没有找到任何关于他的信息。 前半句“Marilyn’s family tried to find some information about this kind stranger online”讲玛丽莲的家人试图在网上找到一些关于这个善良的陌生人的信息，句中“but”提示，该句与前文构成转折关系，所以此处应填入nothing，意为“什么都没有”，表达他们没有找到任何关于他的信息。 9. 句意：然后，他们决定用另一种方式来回报这份善意——在未来传递它。 前文语境提示，一个善良的陌生男人帮助这位老妇人支付账单的事情，所以此处指用另一种方式来回报这份善意，kindness“善意”。 10. 句意：世界上有他这样的天使真是太好了。 空格后“to have an angel like him in the world”提示，此处应填入wonderful，意为“极好的”，表达世界上有他这样的天使真是太好了。 Passage 4 Tom is a middle school student. His parents care about him, but they have a bad habit: they always 1 him with his older brother, Mike. Mike is good at sports and studies, so Tom often hears, “Why can’t you be like Mike?” This makes Tom feel 2 . He thinks his parents don’t understand him. One day, he talked to his teacher, Mrs. Lee. “I don’t want them to compare me with Mike anymore. It’s 3 ,” Tom said. Mrs. Lee smiled and asked, “Do you know 4 they do so?” Tom shook his head. “Maybe they want you to 5 , but they don’t know how to show it. Many parents are like this—they love their kids but 6 don’t know how to express it.” She gave Tom some advice: “If this happens again, it’s necessary (必要的) to get your feelings across 7 . Tell them you want to try your best, and you hope they can be proud of you, not just Mike.” Tom took the 8 . He talked to his parents that night. To his surprise, they said sorry, admitted (承认) it was their 9 , and promised to stop comparing in future. Now, Tom feels happy and knows how to 10 such situations. 1. A．compare B．protect C．help D．control 2. A．proud B．upset C．excited D．shy 3. A．beautiful B．harmful C．runny D．hurtful 4. A．when B．why C．where D．how 5. A．succeed B．rest C．fail D．lie 6. A．seldom B．never C．always D．sometimes 7. A．heavily B．quickly C．clearly D．seriously 8. A．coin B．present C．advice D．experience 9. A．sense B．fault C．pressure D．medicine 10. A．deal with B．look for C．pack up D．put out 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文讲述了中学生汤姆因父母总把他和优秀的哥哥比较而感到难过，在老师的建议下主动和父母沟通，最终父母认识到错误并改正，汤姆也学会了如何处理这类亲子沟通问题的故事。 1. 句意：他的父母很关心他，但有个坏习惯：他们总是把他和他的哥哥迈克作比较。 根据后文“Why can’t you be like Mike?”可知父母在进行对比，应选用compare“比较”。protect“保护”、help“帮助”、control“控制”均不符合语境。 2. 句意：这让汤姆感到心烦。 根据前文父母总拿他和哥哥比较，以及后文“He thinks his parents don’t understand him.”可知汤姆心情低落，应选用upset“心烦的”。proud“骄傲的”、excited“兴奋的”、shy“害羞的”均不符合语境。 3. 句意：我不想让他们再把我和迈克比较了，这很伤人。 根据汤姆的负面情绪，此处表达比较带来的伤害，应选用hurtful“伤人的”。beautiful“美丽的”、harmful“有害的”、runny“流鼻涕的”均不符合语境。 4. 句意：李老师笑着问：“你知道他们为什么这么做吗？” 根据后文老师解释父母这样做的原因，此处是询问行为的理由，应选用why“为什么”。when“何时”、where“何地”、how“如何”均不符合语境。 5. 句意：也许是因为他们希望你成功，只是不知道该如何表达。 根据父母拿优秀的哥哥作比较的心理，可知他们希望汤姆变好，应选用succeed“成功”。rest“休息”、fail“失败”、lie“撒谎”均不符合语境。 6. 句意：很多父母都是这样——他们爱孩子，但有时不知道如何表达。 此处描述父母偶尔存在的问题，应选用sometimes“有时”。seldom“很少”、never“从不”、always“总是”均不符合语境。 7. 句意：如果这种事再发生，有必要清楚地表达你的感受。 根据后文“Tell them you want to try your best...”可知要清晰沟通，应选用clearly“清楚地”。heavily“沉重地”、quickly“快速地”、seriously“严肃地”均不符合语境。 8. 句意：汤姆采纳了这个建议。 根据前文“She gave Tom some advice”可知此处指接受建议，应选用advice“建议”。coin“硬币”、present“礼物”、experience“经历”均不符合语境。 9. 句意：令他惊讶的是，父母道了歉，承认这是他们的错。 根据前文父母道歉，可知他们承认自己的过错，应选用fault“错误”。sense“感觉”、pressure“压力”、medicine“药”均不符合语境。 10. 句意：现在汤姆很开心，也知道如何处理这类情况了。 根据语境，此处指应对、解决问题，应选用deal with“处理”。look for“寻找”、pack up“打包”、put out“熄灭”均不符合语境。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 China is a country with a long history and brilliant culture. It is one of the oldest countries in the world. Over the years, great changes 1 in China. People’s living conditions have improved a lot. Many people have moved into new and big houses. The 2 has become more convenient. We can take high-speed trains, planes and other modern transportation to travel around the country. China is also famous for its great natural and cultural wonders. The Great Wall is one of the most famous 3 in the world. It 4 more than 2,000 years ago to protect the country. Now it is a popular tourist attraction. The Yangtze River, the longest river in China, 5 through many provinces. It provides water for people and animals. In the past, China was a poor country. But now, China 6 into a strong and developed country. We 7 many great projects, such as the Three Gorges Project and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. These projects 8 the development of China greatly. Chinese people are working hard to make our country better and better. As a Chinese student, I am 9 of my country. I 10 that China will have a brighter future. I will study hard and do my best for our motherland. 1. A．have happened B．happened C．have taken place D．took place 2. A．traffic B．food C．weather D．environment 3. A．place B．places C．wonder D．wonders 4. A．built B．was built C．is built D．has been built 5. A．runs B．run C．ran D．is running 6. A．developed B．is developing C．has developed D．develop 7. A．built B．have built C．build D．are building 8. A．help B．are helping C．have helped D．helped 9. A．proud B．happy C．excited D．surprised 10. A．hope B．wish C．think D．believe 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 【导语】本文介绍了中国的悠久的历史、显著的发展变化、著名的自然文化奇观以及作者作为中国学生的自豪感和对未来的信心。 1. 句意：这些年来，中国发生了巨大的变化。 “Over the years”是现在完成时的标志。take place强调有计划、有组织地发生，常指历史变革、社会变化等；happen强调偶然、意外发生，常指突发事件。此空应用have taken place。 2. 句意：交通变得更加便利。 后文提到高铁、飞机等现代交通工具，这些属于“交通”范畴，traffic“交通”，符合语境。food“食物”、weather“天气”、environment“环境”都不符合。 3. 句意：长城是世界上最著名的奇观之一。 根据常识，长城是著名的世界奇观。此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”句型，表示“最……之一”，所以用wonders。 4. 句意：它建于2000多年前，来保护国家。 长城是“被建造”的，应用被动语态；根据时间状语“more than 2,000 years ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，was built是一般过去时被动语态形式，符合语法。built是过去式或过去分词、is built是一般现在时被动语态、has been built是现在完成时被动语态，都不符合。 5. 句意：长江，中国最长的河流，流经许多省份。 长江流经多个省份是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“The Yangtze River”是单数，动词用第三人称单数形式runs。 6. 句意：但现在，中国已经发展成为一个强大的发达国家。 前文说过去中国贫穷，现在“已经发展”成发达国家，表示过去到现在的变化，强调对现在的结果，用现在完成时has developed，符合语法。developed是过去式或过去分词、is developing是现在进行时、develop是动词原形，都不符合。 7. 句意：我们建造了许多伟大的工程，如三峡工程和港珠澳大桥。 这些伟大工程已经建成，动作的结果对现在有影响，用现在完成时have built，符合语法。built是过去式或过去分词、build是动词原形、are building是现在进行时，都不符合。 8. 句意：这些工程极大地帮助了中国的发展。 这些已经建成的工程，对中国的发展已经起到推动作用，强调对现在的影响，用现在完成时have helped，符合语法。help是动词原形、are helping是现在进行时、helped是过去式或过去分词，都不符合。 9. 句意：作为一名中国学生，我为我的国家感到自豪。 上文介绍了中国在各方面取得的成就，作为中国人，应该是感到自豪，be proud of“为……感到自豪”，符合句意。happy“高兴的”、excited“激动的”、surprised“惊讶的”都不符合。 10. 句意：我相信中国会有一个更加光明的未来。 此处作者表达对国家未来的确信，believe“相信”侧重坚定的信念，语气比hope“希望”、wish“希望”更强，贴合爱国情感的表达。think“认为”，不符合此处表达对国家未来信心的语境。 Passage 6 Teamwork is very important in study and work. No one can finish all the difficult tasks 1 . In order to reach our goals, we need to master (掌握) the important 2 of working as a team. First, good communication is the key. Don’t be 3 about speaking out your thoughts. Everyone in the team should talk freely and share their ideas bravely. Second, we must 4 different roles wisely. A good leader plans, some members act, and others check the work. Everyone has something they are not good at. Clear responsibilities help team members make up for their 5 , which makes the team run well. Third, learn to be kind to your teammates. When someone makes a mistake, don’t be angry with him. Try to help him out and remember no one is 6 . Also, respect others’ opinions even if you have a(n) 7 with them sometimes. Finally, keep a(n) 8 goal in mind. Never think only about your own 9 . All members should try hard for the same goal together. If you follow the advice, your team will 10 problems easily. Good teamwork always brings great success to every member of the group. 1. A．alone B．straight C．again D．tonight 2. A．speech B．skill C．result D．reality 3. A．glad B．shy C．fair D．mad 4. A．replace B．forget C．organise D．doubt 5. A．connections B．messages C．weaknesses D．payments 6. A．fashionable B．perfect C．smart D．lazy 7. A．excuse B．cooperation C．meeting D．disagreement 8. A．common B．difficult C．painful D．interesting 9. A．inventions B．objects C．interests D．markets 10. A．set up B．knock down C．stick to D．work out 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D 【导语】本文介绍了团队合作重要性。 1. 句意：没有人能独自完成所有困难的任务。 前文点明“团队合作很重要”，所以此处表达“独自”的含义，alone“独自”。straight“直接地”；again“再次”；tonight“今晚”均与语境不符。 ​ 2. 句意：我们需要掌握团队工作的重要技能。 结合“master”的搭配，此处应表示“技能”。“skill”符合“掌握团队工作技能”的逻辑。 ​ 3. 句意：不要羞于说出你的想法。 后文提到“团队里每个人都要自由交流、勇敢分享想法”，所以此处是指不要“害羞”，B选项符合反向逻辑。 ​ 4. 句意：其次，我们必须明智地安排不同的角色。 后文提到“好的领导者规划，成员执行，其他人检查工作”，所以此处是“组织、安排”角色，C选项符合语境。 ​ 5. 句意：清晰的职责帮助团队成员弥补他们的弱点。 前文提到“每个人都有不擅长的事”，所以此处是“弱点、不足”。weaknesses“弱点”，对应“不擅长的事”。 6. 句意：记住没有人是完美的。 前文提到“别人犯错时不要生气，要帮助他”，逻辑依据是“人不是完美的”，B选项符合语境。 7. 句意：即使有时候你和他们有分歧，也要尊重别人的观点。 此处表达“意见分歧”的含义，和“尊重观点”形成转折逻辑。disagreement“分歧”符合转折逻辑。 8. 句意：最后，牢记一个共同目标。 后文提到“所有人要为同一个目标一起努力”，所以此处是“共同的”目标。common“共同的”，对应“同一个目标”。 ​ 9. 句意：永远不要只考虑你自己的利益。 和前文“共同目标”形成对比，此处指个人“利益、诉求”，C选项符合对比逻辑。 10. 句意：如果你遵循这些建议，你的团队会轻松解决问题。 此处表达“解决问题”的含义，work out解决，符合语境。set up建立；knock down击倒；stick to坚持，均与语境不符。 14 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $