阅读理解《细节理解题》专练-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高中英语阅读理解《推理判断题》专练 一、细节理解题 考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。 1.事实细节题→寻读法 分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。常见命题形式有： What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…? 2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。常见命题形式有： Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…? 3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索 设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。 4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算） 可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 二、解题思路 1.抓住关键词：首先，考生需要先明确题目中询问的具体内容，一般来说，题目中的"细节"一词通常会与时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等关键词一起出现。 2.精准定位：在找到关键词后，考生需要快速浏览文章，找到与题目中询问的内容相关的段落。注意，题目中的细节可能会出现在不同的段落中，因此考生需要仔细阅读每个段落，尤其是包含关键词的句子及其周围的句子。 3.理解细节内容：在找到相关段落后，考生需要仔细阅读该段落的每一句话，理解其具体含义。对于其中的时间、地点、人物、事件、原因等细节信息，考生需要特别注意。同时，考生还需要注意段落中的逻辑关系，这有助于理解细节信息的真正含义。 4.对比选项：一般来说，正确答案会在原文中直接给出或者根据原文中的细节信息进行推理得到。考生要注意选项中的细节是否与原文一致，尤其要注意那些在原文中被特别强调的信息。 5.排除干扰项：有些选项可能会给出与原文相似但不完全一致的信息，或者给出一些原文中没有提到的信息。考生要学会识别这些干扰项，从而排除它们，找到正确答案。 三、专项练习 （一） Ms.McIntyre，38，worked as a publisher.She suffered brain cancer and her health got worse despite some medical treatment.But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than some other people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care.But Ms.McIntyre and her husband，Mr.Gregory，knew that many people with cancer face tough decisions because of the costs of medical care and wind up owing far more than they can pay. Though her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could.The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt，which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others.The group can pay off medical bills for about 100 times less money than they cost.In other words，for every 100 donated，the group can pay off 10，000 in unpaid medical bills. （1）Why did Ms.McIntyre feel luckier than some other people？ A．The doctors eventually cured her. B．Her disease didn't become worse. C．She had a decent job before being ill. D．She had security about medical care. （2）How did Ms.McIntyre and her husband help others？ A．By paying for their daily debts. B．By giving away money to them. C．By ridding them of debts from treatments. D．By purchasing medical insurance for them. （二） One thing I decide on this year is to give up writing the Grumpy （暴躁的） Old Bookman column in this magazine.It's not that I've lost interest in the book world.But Leonard Woolf，husband of American writer Virginia Wool （1882—1941），used to say a man should change his career every seven years.Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business. （1）Why does the author want to give up writing the column？ A．He is fed up with the career linked to books. B．He is very keen on trying something new. C．He follows Leonard Woolf's suggestion. D．He's used to changing his job every seven years. （三） Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way：every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card，usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？For babies，it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery，researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins，make. （3）What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young？ A.To help them learn to talk. B.To teach them hunting skills. C.To express worry and care. D.To distract their attention. （四） Light pollution has harmful effects on the practice of astronomy but also on human health and wildlife，since it disturbs the cycle from sunlight to starlight that biological systems have evolved alongside.Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.Until relatively recently，humans throughout history had an impressive view of the starry night sky，and the effect of this nighty spectacle （壮观） is evident in ancient cultures. （2）What does the loss of visible stars lead to？ A．Poorer human health. B．Fewer wildlife species. C．More delicate biological systems. D．Less nightly culture elements of the sky. （五） Salt doesn't directly melt ice，nor does it make snow simply disappear.Instead it makes water less likely to freeze in a phenomenon called freezing point depression.In the case of simple rock salt，which is a rawer，less pure version of table salt，each molecule （分子） splits into smaller elements.Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur. （2）How does salt work to disturb the process of freezing？ A．By lowering the temperature. B．By melting and splitting itself. C．By lining up to form a solid structure. D．By stopping the formation of the structure. （六） Roses require a good deal of care，and if it weren't for the pleasure they give，it wouldn't be worth the work.As it is，I have a garden full of sweet﹣smelling roses for most of the year.Bushes must be pruned（剪枝）in early spring，leaving ugly woody branches until the new growth appears a few weeks later.It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant.A big mistake. （1）What are the requirements for the healthy growth of roses？ A．A lot of care and the right soil. B．Frequent pruning and fertilizing. C．Tomato plants grown alongside. D．Cages placed around the roots. （七） Sadly，biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed （腐烂） beyond repair.They could be sequenced （测定序列） using massive computational power，but then only with considerable uncertainty.And even if you capture a DNA sequence，there's still the problem of how you get living cells to read that sequence and express proteins that make the dinosaur or the dodo. （2）What's the barrier to cloning a living embryo？ A．DNA is hard to keep for long. B．Computational power is limited. C．Biologists are opposed to it. D．Living cells can􀆳t be sequenced. （八） "There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard，boring，and only for boys，" she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they，too，can become astronomers，" says Murabana. （2）Why does Murabana target girl students in remote areas？ A．To help them out of poverty. B．To inspire their love of astronomy. C．To look for assistants for her work. D．To give them an edge over boys in studies. （九） The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads.I also felt less than valued that my father didn't seem concerned about my safety.That feeling was canceled one spring evening. （1）What did the author think of the two﹣mile walk home？ A.It reflected his value. B.It was the most troublesome. C.It wasn't ranked number one in his concerns. D.It was extremely unbearable in cold weathers. （十） Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched the length of the line on the first card.In each experimental case，the confederates answered first，and the real participant was seated so that he would answer last.In some cases，the confederates answered correctly，while in others，they answered incorrectly. （1）What are the participants asked to do in the experiment？ A．Label the cards with different letters. B．Pick out two lines of the same length. C．State the reason for matching the cards. D．Identify the longest vertical black line. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中英语阅读理解《推理判断题》专练 答案 （一） 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段But she realized that in a way，she was luckier than some other people.She had insurance to help pay for her medical care（但她意识到，在某种程度上，她比其他一些人幸运。她有保险来支付医疗费用）可知，因为她有医疗保障所以麦金太尔觉得自己比其他人幸运。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据第二段Though her health was failing，Ms.McIntyre decided to help pay off the medical debts of as many people as she possibly could.The couple began donating money to a group called RIP Medical Debt，which is committed to working to pay off the unpaid medical debts of others（尽管她的健康状况每况愈下，麦金太尔还是决定帮助尽可能多的人还清医疗债务。这对夫妇开始向一个名为RIP医疗债务的组织捐款，该组织致力于为他人偿还未付的医疗债务）可知，麦金太尔女士和她的丈夫通过偿还他人的治疗债务帮助别人。故选C。 （二） 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的But Leonard Woolf，husband of American writer Virginia Wool （1882—1941），used to say a man should change his career every seven years.Though I would say that changing your whole career frequently is going a bit far，I do find that it serves as a great refresher if you can occasionally try a new job within the same line of business. （但是作家弗吉尼亚•伍尔的丈夫伦纳德•伍尔夫，曾经说过一个男人应该每七年换一次职业。虽然我个人会说，如此频繁地改变整个职业生涯有点过分，但我确实发现，如果你能偶尔在同一业务范围尝试一份新工作，这是一种很好的提神剂。）可知，作者放弃写专栏是因为他采纳了伦纳德•伍尔夫的建议。故选C。 （三） （3）细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls themselves（这一发现表明，利用这些变化，母海豚可以帮助它们的幼崽学会如何发出这些叫声）可知海豚妈妈对幼崽使用父母语的一个原因是帮助它们学会说话。故答案为A。 （四） （2）细节理解题。由本文第三段中的关键句Furthermore，the loss of visible stars is a great loss of human cultural heritage.（此外，可见星星的损失是人类文化遗产的巨大损失。）可推断出可见星星的缺失会导致较少的夜间天空文化元素。故选D。 （五） （2）细节理解题。根据第二段Normally，when water freezes into ice，its molecules line up to form a stable，orderly structure.Salt interrupts the process，however，and temperatures must drop lower to overcome that interruption and for freezing to occur.（正常情况下，当水结冰时，它的分子会排成一行，形成一个稳定有序的结构。然而，盐会打断这一过程，而温度必须降得更低，才能克服这种干扰，从而发生冻结。）可知，盐会干扰水分子在结冰时形成稳定、有序的结构。故选D项。 （六） 【解答】（1）A．细节理解题。根据第三段Roses require a good deal of care玫瑰需要精心照料和第四段Soil conditions made just perfect for roses turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes适合种植玫瑰的土壤条件更适合种植西红柿。可知玫瑰的健康成长需要很多关心和正确的土。故选A。 （七） （2）细节理解题。文章第三段讲到Sadly，biologists soon realized that DNA in fact breaks down super﹣fast；even after 100 years，DNA from museum skins of dodos was decayed （腐烂） beyond repair. （可悲的是，生物学家很快意识到DNA实际上分解得非常快；即使在100年后，博物馆里渡渡鸟皮肤上的DNA也腐烂得无法修复。）可知，克隆活胚胎的障碍是很难长期保存。选项A．DNA is hard to keep for long.（DNA很难长期保存）符合题意。故选A。 （八） （2）细节理解题。根据第五段"There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard，boring，and only for boys，" she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they，too，can become astronomers，" says Murabana.（她补充说："在肯尼亚有一种普遍的误解，认为天文学总体上是困难、无聊的，而且只适合男孩。"Murabana说："我想告诉年轻女孩，天文学不是这两种东西，她们也可以成为天文学家。"）可知，Murabana主要针对偏远地区的女孩，为了激发她们对天文学的热爱。故选B。 （九） 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段的The walk didn't bother me as much as the fear of walking alone along the highway and country roads（步行两英里并没有像独自走在高速公路和乡间小路上那样让我烦恼），可知对步行两英里回家不是作者最担心的事，故选C。 （十） 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第四段Participants were asked to state out loud in front of each other which line，A，B，or C，matched the length of the line on the first card（参与者被要求在彼此面前大声说出哪条线（A、B或C）与第一张卡片上的线长度相符）可知参与者被要求挑出两条长度相同的线。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $