Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature 形容词后缀-ed和-ing、宾语从句(II)-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语八年级下册（仁爱科普版）

该初中英语单元学案以“文学主题下的语法复习”为核心，聚焦形容词后缀-ed/-ing和宾语从句(II)两大语法模块，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式任务设计，构建“梳理规则-辨析差异-情境应用”的完整学习路径，系统整合语法总表、注意事项及多样化练习，实现知识建构的连贯性。 亮点在于“文学语境中的语法实践”设计，通过《卖火柴的小女孩》等文学案例及传统艺术、节气文化等主题阅读短文，将语法练习与文化理解结合，培养语言能力（语法准确运用）、文化意识（中外文学鉴赏）和思维品质（通过例句对比分析用法差异）。单句填空、完成句子等分层练习及阅读填空任务，既巩固基础又促进深度学习，为教师实施单元复习提供系统框架，助力学生提升综合语言运用能力。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature（新教材仁科版） （形容词后缀-ed和-ing、宾语从句(II)） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：-ed 和 -ing 形容词用法总表 本表清晰区分 -ed 与 -ing 形容词的含义、修饰对象、用法与例句，彻底告别混淆。 语法模块 核心要点 具体说明 典型例句及翻译 -ed 形容词 含义 表示 “感到…… 的”，强调人的内心感受 interested（感兴趣的）、tired（疲惫的） 修饰对象 主语通常是人，修饰人 I am interested in Chinese poems. 我对中国诗歌感兴趣。 -ing 形容词 含义 表示 “令人…… 的”，强调事物本身特质 interesting（有趣的）、tiring（令人累的） 修饰对象 主语通常是物、事情、故事 The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 高频词 常用配对 excited/exciting；surprised/surprising；moved/moving；bored/boring The news is surprising. We are surprised. 使用注意事项 1. 看主语判断词性：主语是人，多用 -ed；主语是物或事情，多用 -ing。 例句：She is tired.（人）The work is tiring.（事） 2. 两类形容词均可作定语或表语，但修饰对象必须正确。 例句：a surprised look（惊讶的表情）；a surprising story（令人惊讶的故事） 3. 固定搭配中，-ed 和 -ing 不可互换。 例句：be interested in；be surprised at。 二：宾语从句（II）用法总表 本表系统梳理 引导词、语序、时态 三大考点，直接对应单元与中考必考要点。 语法模块 核心要点 具体规则 典型例句及翻译 引导词 that 引导陈述句，无词义，可省略 I know (that) he is right. if / whether 引导一般疑问句，表示 “是否” I wonder if he will come. 疑问词 what/who/when/where/why/how Can you tell me where he lives? 语序规则 必须陈述语序 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语，不提前助动词 Do you know who he is? 时态呼应 主现从不限 主句现在时，从句可用任何时态 He says that he is reading. 主过从必过 主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态 He said that he was tired. 真理永一现 客观真理永远用一般现在时 She said that the earth is round. 使用注意事项 1. 宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，疑问词后先接主语再接谓语。 例句：Could you tell me where he lives? （正确） 2. if 意为 “是否” 时可与 whether 互换，但 whether 可接 or not。 例句：I don’t know whether he will come or not. 3. 主句为过去时，从句通常也要用过去时态，客观真理除外。 例句：The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. The story is so ______ (touch) that many readers can’t help crying. 2. All of us felt ______ (excite) when we heard the good news about the game. 3. The ______ (bore) speech made all the students feel sleepy in class. 4. My mother was ______ (surprise) to see me come back home early. 5. This is one of the ______ (interest) books I have ever read about Chinese literature. 6. I wonder if you ______ (like) reading classical Chinese stories. 7. Could you tell me when the library ______ (open) every morning? 8. He asked me who ______ (be) the writer of the little Match Girl. 9. The teacher told us that the earth ______ (go) around the sun. 10. I don’t know if he ______ (come) to my birthday party tomorrow. 11. We were ______ (move) by the moving story the old man told us. 12. Can you tell me how I can ______ (become) a good story writer? 13. She said that she ______ (read) a new novel these days. 14. The ______ (frighten) experience made the little girl afraid of darkness. 15. Do you know what ______ (make) the story so popular around the world? 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这个令人兴奋的消息让我们所有人都感到兴奋。 The ______ news made all of us ______. 2. 我想知道你是否对中国古诗感兴趣。 I wonder ______ you ______ ______ ______ ancient Chinese poems. 3. 你能告诉我这本书是谁写的吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ the book? 4. 他感到很累，因为他做了一件令人疲惫的工作。 He ______ ______ because he did a ______ job. 5. 我不知道他明天什么时候会来参加我们的文学社团。 I don’t know ______ ______ ______ ______ our literature club tomorrow. 6. 卖火柴的小女孩的故事是如此感人，我们都被打动了。 The story of the Little Match Girl is ______ ______ that we were all ______. 7. 老师问我们是否读过这本有趣的小说。 The teacher asked us ______ we ______ the interesting novel. 8. 你能告诉我怎样才能理解这首诗吗？ Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ this poem? 9. 这场令人放松的电影让我感到很放松。 The ______ movie made me ______ very much. 10. 我相信熟能生巧是一句正确的谚语。 I believe ______ ______ ______ perfect is a true saying. 11. 没有人知道这个故事的结局为什么如此令人惊讶。 Nobody knows ______ the ending of the story ______ so ______. 12. 她问我下周日是否要去看京剧。 She asked me ______ I ______ ______ to watch Beijing Opera next Sunday. 13. 这个有趣的故事让所有孩子都对阅读产生了兴趣。 The ______ story made all the children ______ in reading. 14. 你知道世界上最著名的童话作家是谁吗？ Do you know ______ ______ the most famous fairy tale writer in the world? 15. 我认为阅读经典文学作品对我们非常有益。 I think ______ classic literature works ______ very good for us. 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Passage 1 阅读短文，根据情景或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词或其适当形式，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。   Reading is a great way to walk into the wonderland of literature. There is 1 old saying: Reading makes a full man. We can get a lot from 2 (read) different kinds of literary works. When we read fairy tales, we can laugh 3 (happy) with the interesting plots. 4 some stories are sad, they still teach us good lessons. For example, Andersen’s 5 (story) tell us to be brave when we are in trouble. The little match girl 6 (help) us understand the beauty of kindness. Among all the reading strategies, previewing is the 7 (good) one for us to know a story quickly. We can also make connections 8 the stories and our real life. From the novels, we learn that 9 (friend) and teamwork are very important. And we can always find 10 (kind) in every literary work if we look carefully. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Nanjing Confucius Temple lies in Nanjing City, on the north bank of the Qinhuai River. People built this temple 1 1034 to show respect for Confucius, a great thinker and 2 (teach) in ancient China. In the past, the temple was not only a school but also a 3 (culture) center. It is very large and has many ancient 4 (build). One of them was called Gongyuan, which was an exam place during the Song Dynasty. Officials were chosen there. Today, the temple has become 5 popular tourist attraction (景点). 6 (thousand) of visitors come here every year. They can learn about history and 7 (Confucius) ideas on education. Visitors can also enjoy a wonderful boat ride on the Qinhuai River. When the sun sets, the water and the ancient buildings look 8 (real) beautiful under the glow of lanterns. How wonderful it is to recite Confucius’s words on the boat! During the Spring Festival, the temple holds many interesting activities. Visitors can have fun 9 (experience) traditional Chinese arts, such as paper-cutting and piyingxi (Chinese shadow puppetry). Also, there are over 100 kinds of Nanjing dishes and snacks to try. 10 you have a chance to go there, don’t miss them! Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词。每空最多两个词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fan Shenghua is one 1 the inheritors (继承人) of West Lake Longjing tea roasting technique (炒茶技艺). He has been making Longjing tea for 2 (much) than forty years. “You have to touch the 3 (leaf) with your hands to feel how much water is being removed (去除),” Fan said. “ 4 (usual) if too much water is removed, the tea will break into pieces; if not enough is removed, the tea will taste bitter (苦的).” This 5 (wonder) technique dates back to the Ming and Qing dynasties. It not only makes the tea taste good, but also becomes 6 important part of Chinese tea culture. 7 (this) days, however, more people are using machines (机器) to do the job. “It’s easier, but the quality (质量) is not as good,” Fan said. “Machine-made tea floats (漂浮) longer in water and tastes bitter.” Fan 8 (change) the movement of his hands as he roasts leaves. Every movement would make a difference to the tea’s shape 9 taste. The tea made by his hands is different from that made by machines. Fan 10 (teach) some young men now. “It’s a tradition. We need to pass it down,” he said. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，每空至多两个词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 There are 24 solar terms (节气) in China, and the Grain Rain (谷雨) is one of 1 (they). It falls on April 20th this year. This solar term is called the Grain Rain 2 it is known for “rain” that helps the grain grow. From its name, we can guess it means a time of more rain. So if you go out in the next two weeks, you may need to bring an 3 with you. But this is a great time for planting crops (庄稼). If you miss the time for planting during the Grain Rain, you 4 feel sorry later. So maybe you can try to plant some flowers or vegetables in your garden. When the spring rain falls, farmers begin 5 crops. Farmers often say, “Spring rain is as precious (珍贵的) as oil.” It brings farmers hope for 6 good year ahead. There 7 (be) also many interesting customs during the Grain Rain. In the north of China, people like to eat Chinese toon (椿芽) mixed with eggs. The food made during the Grain Rain tastes wonderful and is good 8 your stomach. In the 9 (south) of China, the tea 10 (leave) are picked during the time. They are called Grain Rain tea, which is known for its freshness and sweet smell. Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Kun Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese opera that has a long history for more than 600 years. It is one of the 1 (old) forms of Chinese opera. The first record of Kun Opera goes back to   2 14th century in the Yuan Dynasty. Kun Opera 3 (become) a national art form in the 1500s. In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty 4 the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera was welcomed around the country. 5 (sad), Kun Opera has fallen little by little since the 1700s, with the rise of other operas such as Beijing Opera, Kun Opera started to lose 6 (it) ground. In the 1900s, Kun Opera almost died out. Thanks to overseas Chinese Kun Opera groups and fans, some Kun Opera pieces and 7 (skill) remained. In the recent 40 years, the rise of “zhezixi” has kept this kind of art alive. Instead of 8 (act) the whole piece of one play for a long time, now the artists can perform one or several 9 (interest) pieces on their own. 10 2001, Kun Opera was listed as one of the ten “Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (人类口头和非物质遗产)” by UNESCO. In a word, Kun Opera is a special art form that shows the beauty of traditional Chinese culture. Passage 6 Staying strong during hard times is a beautiful quality (品质) of human beings. Let’s have a look at poems from Chinese poet Zheng Xie (1693—1765). Bamboo in the Rock (By Zheng Xie) Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep, Its tooth-like root in broken rock is planted deep. It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest, Careless of the wind from north or south; east or west. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “Bamboo in the Rock” is a Chinese poem by a man named Zheng Xie, often called Zheng Banqiao. He was born in 1693. Besides being 1 great artist and poet, Zheng was also a government worker during a time in China called the Qing Dynasty. He didn’t like the 2 (fair) things he saw happening in the government, so he started making art and 3 (write) poems about things like bamboo, which were easy to understand but had deep meanings. His poem paints a picture of bamboo growing strong even though it’s in a tough spot, squeezed within rocks on a mountain. No matter what difficulties the bamboo faces, like bad weather hitting it from every side, it keeps 4 (stand) up straight. The bamboo is a 5 of strength and determination because it remains firm and doesn’t break under pressure. The poem is full 6 beautiful words about nature, but it’s also there to teach us something important, just like the bamboo. People should stay strong and focused even 7 life is challenging. By facing hard times, we can build 8 (we) inner strength, just like the unyielding bamboo. Young people can learn a lot from this poem because it shows them the 9 (important) of staying strong and determined, even when things get tough. The poem reminds teenagers that tests and difficulties can help them grow even 10 (strong). It is an inspiring message for them to remain brave during hard times and never give up, just like bamboo standing tall amidst challenges. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 12 The Wonderland of Literature（新教材仁科版） （形容词后缀-ed和-ing、宾语从句(II)） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一：-ed 和 -ing 形容词用法总表 本表清晰区分 -ed 与 -ing 形容词的含义、修饰对象、用法与例句，彻底告别混淆。 语法模块 核心要点 具体说明 典型例句及翻译 -ed 形容词 含义 表示 “感到…… 的”，强调人的内心感受 interested（感兴趣的）、tired（疲惫的） 修饰对象 主语通常是人，修饰人 I am interested in Chinese poems. 我对中国诗歌感兴趣。 -ing 形容词 含义 表示 “令人…… 的”，强调事物本身特质 interesting（有趣的）、tiring（令人累的） 修饰对象 主语通常是物、事情、故事 The story is interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 高频词 常用配对 excited/exciting；surprised/surprising；moved/moving；bored/boring The news is surprising. We are surprised. 使用注意事项 1. 看主语判断词性：主语是人，多用 -ed；主语是物或事情，多用 -ing。 例句：She is tired.（人）The work is tiring.（事） 2. 两类形容词均可作定语或表语，但修饰对象必须正确。 例句：a surprised look（惊讶的表情）；a surprising story（令人惊讶的故事） 3. 固定搭配中，-ed 和 -ing 不可互换。 例句：be interested in；be surprised at。 二：宾语从句（II）用法总表 本表系统梳理 引导词、语序、时态 三大考点，直接对应单元与中考必考要点。 语法模块 核心要点 具体规则 典型例句及翻译 引导词 that 引导陈述句，无词义，可省略 I know (that) he is right. if / whether 引导一般疑问句，表示 “是否” I wonder if he will come. 疑问词 what/who/when/where/why/how Can you tell me where he lives? 语序规则 必须陈述语序 连接词 + 主语 + 谓语，不提前助动词 Do you know who he is? 时态呼应 主现从不限 主句现在时，从句可用任何时态 He says that he is reading. 主过从必过 主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态 He said that he was tired. 真理永一现 客观真理永远用一般现在时 She said that the earth is round. 使用注意事项 1. 宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，疑问词后先接主语再接谓语。 例句：Could you tell me where he lives? （正确） 2. if 意为 “是否” 时可与 whether 互换，但 whether 可接 or not。 例句：I don’t know whether he will come or not. 3. 主句为过去时，从句通常也要用过去时态，客观真理除外。 例句：The teacher said that the sun rises in the east. 一、单句语法填空（15 题） 1. The story is so ______ (touch) that many readers can’t help crying. 答案：touching 解析：句意：这个故事如此感人以至于许多读者忍不住哭了。主语是 story（事物），表示 “令人…… 的”，用 - ing 形容词。 2. All of us felt ______ (excite) when we heard the good news about the game. 答案：excited 解析：句意：听到比赛的好消息，我们所有人都感到兴奋。主语是人，表示 “感到…… 的”，用 - ed 形容词。 3. The ______ (bore) speech made all the students feel sleepy in class. 答案：boring 解析：句意：这个无聊的演讲让所有学生在课堂上昏昏欲睡。修饰 speech（事物），表示 “令人无聊的”，用 - ing 形容词。 4. My mother was ______ (surprise) to see me come back home early. 答案：surprised 解析：句意：我妈妈看到我早早回家感到很惊讶。主语是人，表示 “感到惊讶的”，用 - ed 形容词。 5. This is one of the ______ (interest) books I have ever read about Chinese literature. 答案：most interesting 解析：句意：这是我读过的关于中国文学最有趣的书之一。one of+the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，表示 “最…… 之一”。 6. I wonder if you ______ (like) reading classical Chinese stories. 答案：like 解析：句意：我想知道你是否喜欢读中国古典故事。主句是一般现在时，从句根据事实用一般现在时。 7. Could you tell me when the library ______ (open) every morning? 答案：opens 解析：句意：你能告诉我图书馆每天早上什么时候开门吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，every morning 用一般现在时。 8. He asked me who ______ (be) the writer of the little Match Girl. 答案：was 解析：句意：他问我谁是《卖火柴的小女孩》的作者。主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。 9. The teacher told us that the earth ______ (go) around the sun. 答案：goes 解析：句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。客观真理永远用一般现在时，不受主句时态影响。 10. I don’t know if he ______ (come) to my birthday party tomorrow. 答案：will come 解析：句意：我不知道他明天是否会来我的生日派对。主句现在时，tomorrow 用一般将来时。 11. We were ______ (move) by the moving story the old man told us. 答案：moved 解析：句意：我们被老人讲的感人故事打动了。主语是人，表示 “感到感动的”，用 - ed 形容词。 12. Can you tell me how I can ______ (become) a good story writer? 答案：become 解析：句意：你能告诉我怎样才能成为一名优秀的故事作家吗？情态动词 can 后接动词原形。 13. She said that she ______ (read) a new novel these days. 答案：was reading 解析：句意：她说她这些天正在读一本新小说。主句过去时，从句表示过去正在进行，用过去进行时。 14. The ______ (frighten) experience made the little girl afraid of darkness. 答案：frightening 解析：句意：这次可怕的经历让小女孩害怕黑暗。修饰 experience（事物），用 - ing 形容词。 15. Do you know what ______ (make) the story so popular around the world? 答案：makes 解析：句意：你知道是什么让这个故事在全世界如此受欢迎吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，主句现在时，从句用一般现在时。 二、完成句子填空（15 题） 1. 这个令人兴奋的消息让我们所有人都感到兴奋。 The ______ news made all of us ______. 答案：exciting; excited 解析：句意：这个令人兴奋的消息让我们所有人都感到兴奋。修饰事物用 - ing，修饰人用 - ed。 2. 我想知道你是否对中国古诗感兴趣。 I wonder ______ you ______ ______ ______ ancient Chinese poems. 答案：if/whether; are interested in 解析：句意：我想知道你是否对中国古诗感兴趣。“是否” 用 if/whether，be interested in 是固定搭配。 3. 你能告诉我这本书是谁写的吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ the book? 答案：who wrote 解析：句意：你能告诉我这本书是谁写的吗？宾语从句用陈述语序，主句为现在时，从句用过去时。 4. 他感到很累，因为他做了一件令人疲惫的工作。 He ______ ______ because he did a ______ job. 答案：felt tired; tiring 解析：句意：他感到很累，因为他做了一件令人疲惫的工作。人作主语用 - ed，事物作主语用 - ing。 5. 我不知道他明天什么时候会来参加我们的文学社团。 I don’t know ______ ______ ______ ______ our literature club tomorrow. 答案：when he will join 解析：句意：我不知道他明天什么时候会来参加我们的文学社团。宾语从句用陈述语序，tomorrow 用将来时。 6. 卖火柴的小女孩的故事是如此感人，我们都被打动了。 The story of the Little Match Girl is ______ ______ that we were all ______. 答案：so moving; moved 解析：句意：卖火柴的小女孩的故事如此感人，我们都被打动了。so…that… 结构，修饰事物用 moving，修饰人用 moved。 7. 老师问我们是否读过这本有趣的小说。 The teacher asked us ______ we ______ the interesting novel. 答案：if/whether; had read 解析：句意：老师问我们是否读过这本有趣的小说。主句过去时，从句用过去完成时。 8. 你能告诉我怎样才能理解这首诗吗？ Could you tell me ______ ______ ______ this poem? 答案：how to understand 解析：句意：你能告诉我怎样才能理解这首诗吗？宾语从句可简化为 “疑问词 + to do” 结构。 9. 这场令人放松的电影让我感到很放松。 The ______ movie made me ______ very much. 答案：relaxing; relaxed 解析：句意：这场令人放松的电影让我感到很放松。修饰事物用 - ing，修饰人用 - ed。 10. 我相信熟能生巧是一句正确的谚语。 I believe ______ ______ ______ perfect is a true saying. 答案：that practice makes 解析：句意：我相信熟能生巧是一句正确的谚语。谚语作从句，用一般现在时。 11. 没有人知道这个故事的结局为什么如此令人惊讶。 Nobody knows ______ the ending of the story ______ so ______. 答案：why; is; surprising 解析：句意：没有人知道这个故事的结局为什么如此令人惊讶。宾语从句用陈述语序，修饰事物用 surprising。 12. 她问我下周日是否要去看京剧。 She asked me ______ I ______ ______ to watch Beijing Opera next Sunday. 答案：if/whether; would go 解析：句意：她问我下周日是否要去看京剧。主句过去时，从句用过去将来时。 13. 这个有趣的故事让所有孩子都对阅读产生了兴趣。 The ______ story made all the children ______ in reading. 答案：interesting; interested 解析：句意：这个有趣的故事让所有孩子都对阅读产生了兴趣。修饰事物用 - ing，修饰人用 - ed。 14. 你知道世界上最著名的童话作家是谁吗？ Do you know ______ ______ the most famous fairy tale writer in the world? 答案：who is 解析：句意：你知道世界上最著名的童话作家是谁吗？宾语从句用陈述语序。 15. 我认为阅读经典文学作品对我们非常有益。 I think ______ classic literature works ______ very good for us. 答案：reading; is 解析：句意：我认为阅读经典文学作品对我们非常有益。动名词作从句主语，谓语用单数。 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Passage 1 阅读短文，根据情景或所给单词提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词或其适当形式，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。   Reading is a great way to walk into the wonderland of literature. There is 1 old saying: Reading makes a full man. We can get a lot from 2 (read) different kinds of literary works. When we read fairy tales, we can laugh 3 (happy) with the interesting plots. 4 some stories are sad, they still teach us good lessons. For example, Andersen’s 5 (story) tell us to be brave when we are in trouble. The little match girl 6 (help) us understand the beauty of kindness. Among all the reading strategies, previewing is the 7 (good) one for us to know a story quickly. We can also make connections 8 the stories and our real life. From the novels, we learn that 9 (friend) and teamwork are very important. And we can always find 10 (kind) in every literary work if we look carefully. 【答案】 1．an 2．reading 3．happily 4．Though/Although 5．stories 6．helps 7．best 8．between 9．friendship 10．kindness 【导语】本文主要讲述了阅读是走进文学世界的好方法，介绍了阅读不同文学作品能带给我们的收获，以及有效的阅读策略。 1．句意：有一句古老的谚语：读书使人充实。此处泛指“一句古老的谚语”，old是以元音音素开头的单词，前面需用不定冠词an。 2．句意：我们可以从阅读不同种类的文学作品中获得很多东西。from是介词，介词后面接动词时，需用动名词形式，read的动名词为reading。 3．句意：当我们读童话故事时，可以随着有趣的情节开心地笑起来。空格处修饰动词laugh，需用副词；happy是形容词，其副词形式为happily。 4．句意：虽然有些故事是悲伤的，但它们仍然教给我们有益的道理。根据“some stories are sad, they still teach us good lessons.”可知，前后两句为让步关系，空格处意为“虽然、尽管”，应用though/although引导此让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。 5．句意：例如，安徒生的故事告诉我们，遇到困难时要勇敢。story是可数名词，结合谓语动词“tell”（原形）可知，主语需用复数形式；story的复数为stories。 6．句意：卖火柴的小女孩帮助我们理解善良的美好。本文整体为一般现在时，主语“The little match girl”是第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；help的第三人称单数为helps。 7．句意：在所有的阅读策略中，预读是我们快速了解一个故事最好的策略。空格前有定冠词“the”，结合“Among all the reading strategies”可知，需用形容词最高级；good的最高级为best。 8．句意：我们也可以把故事和我们的现实生活联系起来。固定搭配“make connections between A and B”，意为“把A和B联系起来”，符合句意。 9．句意：从小说中，我们认识到友谊和团队合作非常重要。空格处与表示抽象概念的名词“teamwork”并列，因此应填同样表示抽象概念的名词friendship“友谊”。 10．句意：并且如果我们仔细观察，总能在每部文学作品中发现善良。空格处作“find”的宾语，需用名词；kind是形容词，其名词形式为kindness，为不可数名词。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Nanjing Confucius Temple lies in Nanjing City, on the north bank of the Qinhuai River. People built this temple 1 1034 to show respect for Confucius, a great thinker and 2 (teach) in ancient China. In the past, the temple was not only a school but also a 3 (culture) center. It is very large and has many ancient 4 (build). One of them was called Gongyuan, which was an exam place during the Song Dynasty. Officials were chosen there. Today, the temple has become 5 popular tourist attraction (景点). 6 (thousand) of visitors come here every year. They can learn about history and 7 (Confucius) ideas on education. Visitors can also enjoy a wonderful boat ride on the Qinhuai River. When the sun sets, the water and the ancient buildings look 8 (real) beautiful under the glow of lanterns. How wonderful it is to recite Confucius’s words on the boat! During the Spring Festival, the temple holds many interesting activities. Visitors can have fun 9 (experience) traditional Chinese arts, such as paper-cutting and piyingxi (Chinese shadow puppetry). Also, there are over 100 kinds of Nanjing dishes and snacks to try. 10 you have a chance to go there, don’t miss them! 【答案】 1. in 2. teacher 3. cultural 4. buildings 5. a 6. Thousands 7. Confucius’/Confucius’s 8. really 9. experiencing 10. If/When 【导语】本文介绍了南京夫子庙的地理位置、历史背景、建筑特点及其作为旅游景点的文化魅力，包括科举考场、秦淮河风光及春节传统活动等内容。 1. 句意：人们于1034年修建了这座庙宇，以表达对孔子——中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家的敬意。表示具体的年份“1034”前，需用介词“in”。 2. 句意：人们于1034年修建了这座庙宇，以表达对孔子——中国古代伟大的思想家和教育家的敬意。不定冠词“a”后需接可数名词单数形式，表示职业或身份。“teach”的名词形式“teacher”意为“教育家，老师”。 3. 句意：在过去，这座庙宇不仅是一所学校，也是一个文化中心。修饰名词“center”，需用形容词作定语。“culture”的形容词形式为“cultural”，意为“文化的”。 4. 句意：它非常大，有许多古老的建筑。“many”后需接可数名词复数形式，“build”的名词形式“building”意为“建筑物”，其复数形式为“buildings”。 5. 句意：如今，这座庙宇已成为一个受欢迎的旅游景点。此处表示泛指“一个受欢迎的旅游景点”，需用不定冠词“a”。 6. 句意：每年成千上万的游客来到这里。“Thousands of”是固定短语，意为“成千上万的”，需用复数形式“Thousands”，句首首字母需大写。 7. 句意：他们可以了解历史以及孔子关于教育的思想。表示“孔子的”，需用名词所有格形式“Confucius’”或“Confucius’s”。 8. 句意：当太阳落山时，河水和古建筑在灯笼的映照下显得格外美丽。修饰形容词“beautiful”，需用副词形式作状语。“real”的副词形式为“really”，意为“真正地，非常”。 9. 句意：游客可以体验传统的中国艺术，例如剪纸和皮影戏，玩得很开心。“have fun doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“做某事有乐趣”，需接动名词作宾语。 10. 句意：如果你/当你有机会去那里，不要错过它们！“if”引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；“when”引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”。两者在语境中均可接受，句首首字母大写。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词。每空最多两个词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Fan Shenghua is one 1 the inheritors (继承人) of West Lake Longjing tea roasting technique (炒茶技艺). He has been making Longjing tea for 2 (much) than forty years. “You have to touch the 3 (leaf) with your hands to feel how much water is being removed (去除),” Fan said. “ 4 (usual) if too much water is removed, the tea will break into pieces; if not enough is removed, the tea will taste bitter (苦的).” This 5 (wonder) technique dates back to the Ming and Qing dynasties. It not only makes the tea taste good, but also becomes 6 important part of Chinese tea culture. 7 (this) days, however, more people are using machines (机器) to do the job. “It’s easier, but the quality (质量) is not as good,” Fan said. “Machine-made tea floats (漂浮) longer in water and tastes bitter.” Fan 8 (change) the movement of his hands as he roasts leaves. Every movement would make a difference to the tea’s shape 9 taste. The tea made by his hands is different from that made by machines. Fan 10 (teach) some young men now. “It’s a tradition. We need to pass it down,” he said. 【答案】 1. of 2. more 3. leaves 4. Usually 5. wonderful 6. an 7. These 8. changes 9. and 10. is teaching 【导语】本文介绍了西湖龙井茶炒制技艺传承人范胜华坚守手工炒茶技艺，传承传统茶文化的故事，体现了传统技艺的价值与传承的重要性。 1. 句意：范胜华是西湖龙井茶炒茶技艺的继承人之一。“one of + the + 可数名词复数”是固定搭配，意为“……之一”，故此处填of。 2. 句意：他制作龙井茶已经四十多年了。“than”是比较级的标志，“much”的比较级为more，“more than”意为“超过，多于”，故填more。 3. 句意：你必须用手触摸茶叶来感受有多少水分被去除。“leaf”是可数名词，此处指龙井的茶叶，应用复数形式leaves。 4. 句意：通常，如果水分去除过多，茶叶就会碎成碎片；如果去除不足，茶叶就会尝起来发苦。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，“usual”的副词形式是usually，句首单词首字母大写。 5. 句意：这项精妙的技艺可追溯到明清时期。此处修饰名词“technique”，应用形容词作定语，“wonder”的形容词形式是wonderful，意为“精妙的，极好的”。 6. 句意：它不仅让茶叶尝起来美味，还成为中国茶文化的一个重要组成部分。“part”是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个重要的部分”，“important”以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。 7. 句意：然而，如今越来越多的人使用机器来做这项工作。“days”是复数名词，应用“this”的复数形式these，“these days”意为“如今，目前”，句首单词首字母大写。 8. 句意：范胜华在炒茶时会改变手部的动作。根据语境可知，此处描述的是范胜华炒茶时的习惯性动作，应用一般现在时，主语“Fan”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，“change”的第三人称单数是changes。 9. 句意：每一个动作都会对茶叶的形状和口感产生影响。“shape”和“taste”是并列关系，应用连词and连接，意为“和”。 10. 句意：范胜华现在正在教一些年轻人。根据“now”可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，结构为“be + 现在分词”，主语“Fan”是第三人称单数，be动词用is，“teach”的现在分词是teaching，故填is teaching。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，每空至多两个词。要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 There are 24 solar terms (节气) in China, and the Grain Rain (谷雨) is one of 1 (they). It falls on April 20th this year. This solar term is called the Grain Rain 2 it is known for “rain” that helps the grain grow. From its name, we can guess it means a time of more rain. So if you go out in the next two weeks, you may need to bring an 3 with you. But this is a great time for planting crops (庄稼). If you miss the time for planting during the Grain Rain, you 4 feel sorry later. So maybe you can try to plant some flowers or vegetables in your garden. When the spring rain falls, farmers begin 5 crops. Farmers often say, “Spring rain is as precious (珍贵的) as oil.” It brings farmers hope for 6 good year ahead. There 7 (be) also many interesting customs during the Grain Rain. In the north of China, people like to eat Chinese toon (椿芽) mixed with eggs. The food made during the Grain Rain tastes wonderful and is good 8 your stomach. In the 9 (south) of China, the tea 10 (leave) are picked during the time. They are called Grain Rain tea, which is known for its freshness and sweet smell. 【答案】 1. them 2. because 3. umbrella 4. will/may/might 5. to plant 6. a 7. are 8. for 9. south 10. leaves 【导语】本文介绍了中国的二十四节气之一——谷雨，包括其命名由来、对农作物种植的重要性、相关习俗以及南北地区在这一时节的特色食物和茶叶。 1. 句意：中国有24个节气，谷雨是其中之一。根据“one of”可知，此处应用人称代词宾格形式“them”指代前文提到的“24 solar terms”。 2. 句意：这个节气被称为谷雨，因为它以有助于谷物生长的“雨”而闻名。根据“This solar term is called the Grain Rain...it is known for ‘rain’ that helps the grain grow.”可知，前后句为因果关系，前果后因，故应用“because”引导原因状语从句。 3. 句意：所以如果你在接下来的两周外出，你可能需要带一把雨伞。根据“From its name, we can guess it means a time of more rain.”可知，谷雨时节雨水多，所以外出需要带雨伞，“umbrella”意为“雨伞”，且空前为不定冠词“an”，故此处应用其单数形式。 4. 句意：如果你错过了谷雨期间种植的时间，你以后可能会感到遗憾。根据“If you miss the time for planting during the Grain Rain, you...feel sorry later.”可知，此处表示“如果错过了种植时间，以后可能会感到遗憾”，应用一般将来时“will+动词原形”或情态动词“may/might”表示“可能”。 5. 句意：当春雨落下时，农民们开始种植庄稼。根据“When the spring rain falls, farmers begin...crops.”可知，此处表示“开始种植庄稼”，“begin to do sth.”意为“开始做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式“to plant”。 6. 句意：它给农民们带来了对未来美好一年的希望。根据“good year ahead”可知，此处表示“对未来美好一年的希望”，应用不定冠词“a”修饰“good year”，表示泛指。 7. 句意：谷雨期间也有许多有趣的习俗。根据“There...also many interesting customs during the Grain Rain.”可知，此处为“there be”句型，表示“有”，且根据“many interesting customs”可知，be动词应用复数形式“are”。 8. 句意：谷雨期间做的食物味道很好，对你的胃有好处。根据“The food made during the Grain Rain tastes wonderful and is good...your stomach.”可知，此处表示“对胃有好处”，“be good for”意为“对……有好处”，故此处应用介词“for”。 9. 句意：在中国的南部，茶叶是在这个时候采摘的。根据“In the...of China”可知，此处表示“在中国的南部”，应用名词“south”表示“南部”。 10. 句意：在中国的南部，茶叶是在这个时候采摘的。根据“the tea...are picked during the time”可知，此处表示“茶叶被采摘”，应用名词“leaf”的复数形式“leaves”表示“叶子”。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Kun Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese opera that has a long history for more than 600 years. It is one of the 1 (old) forms of Chinese opera. The first record of Kun Opera goes back to   2 14th century in the Yuan Dynasty. Kun Opera 3 (become) a national art form in the 1500s. In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty 4 the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera was welcomed around the country. 5 (sad), Kun Opera has fallen little by little since the 1700s, with the rise of other operas such as Beijing Opera, Kun Opera started to lose 6 (it) ground. In the 1900s, Kun Opera almost died out. Thanks to overseas Chinese Kun Opera groups and fans, some Kun Opera pieces and 7 (skill) remained. In the recent 40 years, the rise of “zhezixi” has kept this kind of art alive. Instead of 8 (act) the whole piece of one play for a long time, now the artists can perform one or several 9 (interest) pieces on their own. 10 2001, Kun Opera was listed as one of the ten “Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (人类口头和非物质遗产)” by UNESCO. In a word, Kun Opera is a special art form that shows the beauty of traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】 1. oldest 2. the 3. became 4. and 5. Sadly 6. its 7. skills 8. acting 9. interesting 10. In 【导语】本文介绍昆曲六百年历史，从兴盛到衰落再到被保护，2001年入选世界非物质文化遗产。 1. 句意：它是中国戏曲最古老的形式之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”为固定结构，表示“最……之一”，此处为old的最高级形式。 2. 句意：昆曲最早的记载追溯到十四世纪元朝。空后为“14th”，序数词前需加定冠词the。 3. 句意：昆曲在十六世纪成为国家级艺术形式。句中“in the 1500s”为过去的时间，用一般过去时，此处为become的过去式。 4. 句意：在明清两朝之间的接下来二百年里。between…and…为固定搭配，意为“在……和……之间”。 5. 句意：遗憾的是，自十八世纪以来昆曲逐渐衰落。修饰整个句子用副词，此处为sad的副词形式，句首首字母大写。 6. 句意：昆曲开始失去它的地位。修饰名词“ground”用形容词性物主代词，此处为it对应的形容词性物主代词。 7. 句意：一些昆曲曲目和技艺保留了下来。“some”后接可数名词复数，此处为skill的复数形式。 8. 句意：而不是长时间演完整部戏。instead of后接动名词形式，此处为act的动名词形式。 9. 句意：艺术家可以独自表演一两个有趣的片段。修饰名词“pieces”用形容词，修饰物用-ing结尾的形容词。 10. 句意：在2001年，昆曲被联合国教科文组织列为遗产。年份“2001”前用介词in，句首首字母大写。 Passage 6 Staying strong during hard times is a beautiful quality (品质) of human beings. Let’s have a look at poems from Chinese poet Zheng Xie (1693—1765). Bamboo in the Rock (By Zheng Xie) Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep, Its tooth-like root in broken rock is planted deep. It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest, Careless of the wind from north or south; east or west. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “Bamboo in the Rock” is a Chinese poem by a man named Zheng Xie, often called Zheng Banqiao. He was born in 1693. Besides being 1 great artist and poet, Zheng was also a government worker during a time in China called the Qing Dynasty. He didn’t like the 2 (fair) things he saw happening in the government, so he started making art and 3 (write) poems about things like bamboo, which were easy to understand but had deep meanings. His poem paints a picture of bamboo growing strong even though it’s in a tough spot, squeezed within rocks on a mountain. No matter what difficulties the bamboo faces, like bad weather hitting it from every side, it keeps 4 (stand) up straight. The bamboo is a 5 of strength and determination because it remains firm and doesn’t break under pressure. The poem is full 6 beautiful words about nature, but it’s also there to teach us something important, just like the bamboo. People should stay strong and focused even 7 life is challenging. By facing hard times, we can build 8 (we) inner strength, just like the unyielding bamboo. Young people can learn a lot from this poem because it shows them the 9 (important) of staying strong and determined, even when things get tough. The poem reminds teenagers that tests and difficulties can help them grow even 10 (strong). It is an inspiring message for them to remain brave during hard times and never give up, just like bamboo standing tall amidst challenges. 【答案】 1. a 2. unfair 3. writing 4. standing 5. symbol 6. of 7. when 8. our 9. importance 10. stronger 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了清代诗人郑燮的诗《竹石》，并阐述了这首诗的寓意以及人们能从中获得的启示。 1. 句意：除了是一位伟大的艺术家和诗人，郑燮也是中国清朝时期的一名政府工作人员。根据语境可知，此处泛指一名伟大的艺术家和诗人，且great以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2. 句意：他不喜欢在官府中看到的不公之事，于是开始创作艺术作品、创作关于竹子这类事物的诗歌，这些作品通俗易懂却蕴含深意。根据“He didn’t like the...things he saw happening in the government”以及所给单词可知，此处指的是“不公平的事情”，fair“公平的”，形容词，其反义词为unfair“不公平的”。 3. 句意：他不喜欢在官府中看到的不公之事，于是开始创作艺术作品和创作关于竹子这类事物的诗歌，这些作品通俗易懂却蕴含深意。start doing sth.意为“开始做某事”，应填writing，writing poems和making art为并列结构。 4. 句意：无论竹子面临怎样的困难，比如恶劣天气从四面八方侵袭它，它都始终笔直挺立。根据“it keeps...up straight”可知，此处指的是“保持直立”，keep doing sth.意为“保持做某事”，所以此处应用stand的动名词standing。 5. 句意：竹子是力量与毅力的象征，因为它在压力之下依然坚定不屈、不会折断。a symbol of意为“……的象征”，此句意为“竹子是力量和决心的象征”。 6. 句意：这首诗充满了关于自然的优美词句，但它也旨在教会我们一个重要的道理：就像竹子一样，即便生活充满挑战，人们也应当保持坚强、专注。根据“The poem is full...beautiful words about nature”可知，此处指的是“充满”，be full of“充满”。 7. 句意：这首诗充满了关于自然的优美词句，但它也旨在教会我们一个重要的道理：就像竹子一样，即便生活充满挑战，人们也应当保持坚强、专注。when引导时间状语从句，和even搭配表示“即便在生活充满挑战的时候”，契合语境逻辑。 8. 句意：通过面对艰难时刻，我们可以培养自己的内心力量，就像不屈的竹子一样。修饰名词inner strength，用形容词性物主代词our。 9. 句意：年轻人可以从这首诗中学到很多，因为它向他们展现了保持坚强与坚定的重要性，即便处境变得艰难。根据the + 名词 + of结构，所以此处应填important的名词形式importance。 10. 句意：这首诗提醒青少年，考验与困难可以帮助他们成长得更加强大。even后常接形容词比较级，strong的比较级是stronger。 9 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $