高考阅读理解《猜测词义题》专练-2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

高中阅读理解《猜测词义题》专练 一、提问方式. 1·The word "...."refers to /probably means.... 2· The underlined word "...."could be best replaced by.... 3·What do you think the expression"...."stands for? 4·By saying "..."we mean.... 5· "...."as used in the passage can best be defined as.w0r9 6· Which of the foulowing words can take the place of the wo".." 命题规律 1)通过上下文来推测词义 通读上下文，根据上下文的语句猜测词义. 二、专项练习 （一） The Birmingham study focused on a class of compounds(化合物)called brominated flame retardants(BFRs), which are used to prevent burning in a wide range of consumer products including fabries, and are linked to adverse health effects such as hormonal disorders and mental problems. 29．What does the underlined word“adverse in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unknown. B．Harmful. C．Similar. D．Beneficial. （二） A recent study from the University of California, however, shows how farmers may soon harvest crops and energy together. One researcher, Majdi Abou Najm, explains that visible light spectrum (光谱) can be separated into blue and red light waves, and their photons (光子) have different properties. Blue ones have higher energy than red ones. While that gives blue light what is needed to generate power, it also results in higher temperatures. “From a plant angle, red photons are the efficient ones,” says Abou Najm. “They don’t make the plant feel hot.” 29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Generation of solar power. B．Hot weather increasing efficiency. C．Blue photons having higher energy. D．Separation of visible light spectrum. （三） With the rise of social media sites, many people have claimed that we are entering a new age in which news must be delivered in 140 characters or fewer. People’s ability to focus on long-form content and engage in deep reading has also been declining due to the endless distractions and excessive information in today’s world. This change in reading habits has led to a preference for short, easily understood news pieces that can be quickly consumed. To interest a more specific and generally younger readership, newspapers have revised content, prioritizing articles that are visually appealing instead of having depth. 33．What does the underlined word “prioritizing” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Checking out. B．Cutting down. C．Paying no attention to. D．Attaching importance to. （四） But is taking your foot off the gas the answer? I’d argue it isn’t. As a writer focused on time management, I’ve come to realize that the opposite of burnout isn’t doing nothing but engagement. That’s what I found when I ran a study with more than 140 busy people. At the beginning, they spoke of feeling exhausted and tapped out. “My work to do list is never ending,”. one person said. The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks. But instead of asking them to scale things back, most of the strategies I taught people were additive. I had them build in regular physical activity, make space for little adventures. And when it came to leisure activities, I asked them to put “effortful before effortless”—to choose those that require action over those that are passive. 52．What does the underlined part “scale things back” mean in the passage? A．To pay more effort than required. B．To go back to nature and relax. C．To reflect on the old days. D．To reduce the amount of work. （五） Humans have two versions of p53 but elephants have 40, said the researchers. Biochemical analysis and computer simulations also showed that an elephant’s p53 genes are structurally slightly different, providing a much larger anti-cancer toolkit. The researchers suspect that while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot combine with other cells as easily in the face of dozens. 30. What does the underlined word “skirt” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. strengthen. B. detect. C. escape. D. cure. （六） Sam Kaplan of Lawrenceville decided to start on his educational journey at Georgia Gwinnett College in 2019, half a century after he had firstly chosen not to get higher education following his high school graduation in 1969. The catalyst for his return to academia came when he heard a radio announcement about a degree programme in cinema studies. 25．What does the underlined word “catalyst” mean in Paragraph 2? A．Reason. B．Vehicle. C．Task. D．Fact. （七） Unfortunately, the plastics that the microbes partially degraded represent a “really small amount of plastics in circulation,” said Gavin Lear, an environmental microbiologist, who was not involved in the study. Lear acknowledged that using natural microbes can provide a head start when it comes to designing a strategy for bio-recycling. If we move away from the conventional non-biodegradable materials, “and we start to use more of these biodegradable plastics, then it’s good that we know how to degrade them more quickly so they’re less of an environmental problem,” he concluded. 35．What do the underlined words “head start” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Reward. B．Criterion. C．Protection. D．Advantage. （八） I’ve been home for almost three years now, much to the surprise of my friends and family. Some friends even made bets on how long “this” would last. So far, I’m winning. But since I’ve been home my life has flourished. I realized that home, for me, is a place that inspires me. Because before, in the city, I felt like I had to compete with everyone to get ahead. Many times, forgetting what I was “fighting” for, I was clouded in competition and not passion. I lost touch with the other parts of myself, never quite realizing that the quiet country life provided that to me. 27．What does the author refer to with the word “that” in Paragraph 4? A．The goal she was fighting for. B．Living to be her true self. C．The chance of getting ahead of others. D．A more comfortable life. （九） Especially troubling are the extreme weather events that are happening more often around the world. Hurricanes are ramping up in intensity, particularly in North Atlantic. The year 2017 was a busy one for Atlantic hurricanes. Meanwhile, in the western United States, the state of California has had record-setting drought conditions, which began in 2012. 30．What does the underlined part “ramping up” in last paragraph mean? A．Increasing. B．Failing. C．Appearing. D．Changing. （十） Why is it so hard to get kids moving？Experts blame the problem on the privatization of sports—as public investment in school﹣based athletics dwindles，expensive private leagues have grown，leaving many kids out.In addition to fewer opportunities at school，researchers cite increased screen time and a lack of safe places for them to play outside the home.New York City，for example，had 2，067 public playgrounds as of 2019—a very small amount for its large population.In Los Angeles in 2015，only 33 percent of youths lived within walking distance of a park. （2）The underlined word "dwindle" is closest in meaning to . A.decline B.quit C.increase D.develop （十一） Asch found that one﹣third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers，and only one﹣fourth gave correct answers in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group. （3）What does the underlined part "in defiance of" in paragraph 6 mean？ A．In spite of. B．For fear of. C．In response to. D．On account of. （十二） Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality.His creation uses a depth camera that can detect how close objects are，thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles' position and distance.Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data into musical sound guidance.This could significantly increase the walking speed of a blind person as well as decrease the number of obstacles they hit. （3）What does the underlined word "dodge" mean in paragraph 4？ A．Avoid. B．Encounter. C．Challenge. D．Remove. （十三） In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has impeded people from the nightly view. （1）What does the underlined word "impeded" in the first paragraph mean？ A．separated. B．disabled. C．demanded. D．protected. （十四） Beyond rock salt's ability to clear icy streets，it can also be destructive.Chloride ions （氯离子） can cause wear and tear on vehicles and facilities.Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water. （3）What does the underlined word "densities" in Paragraph 4 mean？ A．Concentrations. B．Weights. C．Qualities. D．Salts. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高中阅读理解《猜测词义题》专练答案 （一）29．词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“…such as hormonal disorders and mental problems.”（荷尔蒙失调和精神问题）由此可知，此处为与荷尔蒙失调和精神问题等不利健康影响有关。故可猜测划线单词adverse为“不利的”意思，结合选项B项Harmful“有害的，不利的”意思一致。故选B项。 （二）29．代词指代题。that为指示代词，常用来指代上文提到的事物。根据画线词前一句“Blue ones have higher energy than red ones.(蓝色的光子比红色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是蓝色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量给予了产生电所需的蓝光。故选C。 （三）33．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“People’s ability to focus on long-form content and engage in deep reading has also been declining due to the endless distractions and excessive information in today’s world. This change in reading habits has led to a preference for short, easily understood news pieces that can be quickly consumed.(由于当今世界无休止的干扰和过多的信息，人们专注于长篇内容和深度阅读的能力也在下降。这种阅读习惯的改变导致人们更倾向于阅读短小易懂、易于消化的新闻)”可知，由于当今世界存在太多干扰以及信息过载，人们专注于长篇内容和深度阅读的能力也在下降。这种阅读习惯的改变导致人们更倾向于阅读短小易懂、可以快速消化的新闻。由此可推知，画线词所在句应表示为了吸引特定的、更年轻的读者，报纸修改了内容，“优先考虑”那些在视觉上吸引人的文章，而不是有深度的文章。故“Attaching importance to”表示“重视；着重于……”，符合语境，故选D项。 （四）52．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The participants applied time-management strategies over the course of nine weeks.(参与者在九周的时间里应用了时间管理策略)”以及but表示转折，说明虽然应用时间管理策略，但是作者没有要求他们减少工作量，而是教给人们更多的策略。故划线词意思是“减少工作量”。故选D。 （五）30.C. escape. 解析：本题考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的句子“while faulty cells might be able to skirt two p53 versions, they cannot combine with other cells as easily in the face of dozens.” 可知，skirt在这里意味着“逃避”，因为句子中提到了“faulty cells”（有缺陷的细胞）可能能够逃避两种p53版本的检测，但面对几十种时就不容易与其他细胞结合。因此选项C是正确的。 （六）25．词句猜测题。该划线词在句中作主语，根据画线词后“...when he heard a radio announcement about a degree programme in cinema studies(当他在广播中听到一则关于电影研究学位课程的公告)”和第三段的“I was driving down the highway when I heard about the degree programme. The next exit led to Collinsville, so I immediately exited, and within five minutes, I was enrolling in classes.(当我听说这个学位项目时，我正在高速公路上开车。下一个出口通向柯林斯维尔，所以我立刻走了出去，不到五分钟，我就开始上课了)”可知，此处他在广播中听到一则关于电影研究学位课程的公告是他重返学术界的诱因。所以 A 项“reason”符合原意。故选A项。 （七）35．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“If we move away from the conventional non-biodegradable materials, “and we start to use more of these biodegradable plastics, then it’s good that we know how to degrade them more quickly so they’re less of an environmental problem,” he concluded.(如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，“我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，这是件好事，”他总结道)”可知，Gavin Lear提到如果我们不再使用传统的不可生物降解的材料，我们开始更多地使用这些可生物降解的塑料，那么我们知道如何更快地降解它们，从而减少环境问题，由此说明使用天然微生物具有良好的优势。故划线词意思是“优势”。故选D。 （八）27．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“I lost touch with the other parts of myself, never quite realizing that the quiet country life provided that to me.(我与自己的其它部分失去了联系，从未完全意识到宁静的乡村生活为我提供了这一点。)”以及上文可知，作者在这里用that指代“过自己切实向往的生活”。故选B项。 （九）30．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Especially troubling are the extreme weather events that are happening more often around the world.(尤其令人不安的是世界各地越来越频繁发生的极端天气事件)”以及后文“The year 2017 was a busy one for Atlantic hurricanes.(2017年是大西洋飓风频发的一年)”可知，飓风的强度在增加。故划线词意思是“增加”。故选A。 （十）30．词句猜测题。 A （十一）（3）猜测词义题。根据第六段的Asch found that one﹣third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time.Forty percent gave some wrong answers （Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案）可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由only一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为"无视，不顾"。A．In spite of.无视，不顾；B．For fear of.以免；C．In response to.回应；D．On account of.因为。故选A。 （十二）（3）词句猜测题。根据第四段His creation uses a depth camera that can detect how close objects are，thus giving enough time to dodge the obstacles.When a blind is walking with the device，the sensor of the depth camera gathers the information regarding the obstacles' position and distance.（他的作品使用了一个深度相机，可以检测物体的距离，从而有足够的时间躲避障碍物。当盲人使用该设备行走时，深度相机的传感器会收集有关障碍物位置和距离的信息。）故划线词汇意思是"避开"。A．Avoid避开；B．Encounter偶遇；C．Challenge挑战；D．Remove消除。故选A。 （十三）（1）词句猜测题。由本文第一段In the endless sky，the unaided human eye should be able to perceive several thousand stars on a clear，dark night.Unfortunately，growing light pollution has impeded people from the nightly view.（在一望无际的天空中，在一个晴朗、黑暗的夜晚，人类的肉眼应该能够看到几千颗星星。不幸的是，日益严重的光污染impeded人们欣赏夜景。）可知，人类的肉眼本来可以看到几千颗星星，不幸的是，日益严重的光污染却使人们不能欣赏夜景。故划线词意思是"使……不能"。A．separated.分开；B．disabled.使丧失能力；C．demanded.要求；D．protected.保护。故选B。 （十四）（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Increasing chloride densities in North American lakes could begin to upset local ecology and degrade sources of drinking water.（北美湖泊中氯化物densities的增加可能会扰乱当地生态，并使饮用水源退化。）可知，氯离子的浓度增加会是当地生态系统受到干扰，并使饮用水源退化。所以划线词的意思是"浓度"。A．Concentrations浓度；B．Weights重量；C．Qualities品质；D．Salts盐。故选A项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $