步步提分｜语法填空专项集训-人与环境（2） -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

步步提分｜语法填空专项集训-人与环境2 语篇一 乞力马扎罗雪山消融危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：先通读全文锁定时态，全文客观科普地理环境现状，主体时态锁定一般现在时，穿插现在完成时贴合长期环境变化语境；逐空先判断词性需求，区分谓语动词、非谓语动词、冠词、介词、连词高频考点。进阶层：精准辨析非谓语作目的状语、定语后置用法，吃透固定生态类搭配、并列复合句句式规则。拔高层：结合全球气候变暖真实语境，理解语法填空背后语用逻辑，做到会做题、懂语境、记搭配，适配高考环保类读后续写、完形联动积累。原文填空版 Every year tens of thousands of tourists visit Mountain Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Tanzania, Africa, ___ (1)___ (witness) the beautiful scenes described in Ernest Hemingway's The Snows of Kilimanjaro. ___ (2)___ are attracted by the American writer's descriptions of the millennia-old glaciers. However, this tourist ___ (3)___ (attract) will vanish soon. According to the Climate Group, ___ (4)___ (form) by environmentalists worldwide to document the effects of global warming, Mount Kilimanjaro's snows and glaciers ___ (5)___ (disappear) and are likely to be gone altogether in the near future. Not only will the summit lose its appeal, ___ (6)___ the disappearance of the snows will also cause major damage ___ (7)___ the ecosystem on the dry African plains at its base. Without the snow ___ (8)___ (cover) the peak, there will not be enough water to keep the plants and animals below alive and ___ (9)___ (health). Rising temperatures, one of the main effects of global warming, thus threaten the ecosystem of this mountain area. The loss of the snows on the 5,892m peak, which ___ (10)___ (be) there for about 11,700 years, could have disastrous effects on Tanzania. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. to witness 解析：空格前完整主谓结构，无连词衔接，此处用非谓语动词；游客登山的核心目的是观赏美景，不定式作目的状语，贴合语境逻辑。核心知识点：不定式to do 表目的，高考语法填空必考非谓语基础考点。 2. They 解析：空格后为谓语动词，缺少主语；指代前文复数名词tens of thousands of tourists，指代人且作主语，用主格人称代词They，首字母大写。核心知识点：人称代词主格作句子主语，指代前文同名复数名词。 3. attraction 解析：空格前有形容词tourist修饰，句中作主语，需填入名词；attract动词转换为名词attraction，意为“旅游景点、旅游吸引力”。核心知识点：动词变名词词性转换，形容词修饰名词作主干成分。 4. formed 解析：后置定语修饰the Climate Group（环保组织），组织是被全球环保人士组建，被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。核心知识点：过去分词done表被动、完成，修饰名词作后置定语。 5. are disappearing 解析：贴合当下气候现状，冰川正在持续消融，用现在进行时体现渐进变化；主语snows and glaciers为复数，谓语对应复数形式。核心知识点：现在进行时表现阶段持续发生的客观变化，复数主语匹配复数谓语。 6. but 解析：固定倒装句式Not only...but (also)...，意为“不仅……而且……”，衔接前后两个并列分句，贴合语义递进逻辑。核心知识点：Not only置于句首主句部分倒装，固定并列连词搭配。 7. to 解析：固定高频搭配cause damage to...，意为“对……造成损害、破坏”，介词固定搭配不可替换。核心知识点：环境类高频固定介词搭配，单选、填空、写作通用。 8. covering 解析：Without为介词，后接宾语补足语；snow与cover是主动覆盖关系，用现在分词构成without+宾语+doing复合结构。核心知识点：介词后复合宾语结构，doing表主动伴随状态。 9. healthy 解析：and并列并列词性，并列alive形容词，此处需填形容词作宾语补足语；health名词转换为形容词healthy，意为“健康的”。核心知识点：名词变形容词，并列结构词性一致原则。 10. has been 解析：时间状语for about 11,700 years表长期持续状态，用现在完成时；先行词peak为单数，从句谓语用单数has been。核心知识点：for+时间段标配现在完成时，定语从句主谓一致。 语篇二 城市垃圾处理困境演变 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：通读锁定全文时态，回顾十八世纪垃圾处理用一般过去时，当下现状用一般现在时；快速区分副词修饰形容词、名词作主语、非谓语定语基础考点。进阶层：攻克定语从句关系词、形容词反义词变形、固定主谓搭配难点，区分主动被动语态适配场景。拔高层：结合城市环保治理现实场景，理解垃圾处理古今差异，积累环保治理类写作素材，同步强化时态切换解题敏感度。原文填空版 Disposing (处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste disposal problem becomes ___ (1)___ (increase) difficult. During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot ___ (2)___ a dump site (垃圾场). People ___ (3)___ (transport) household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Regularly some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The ___ (4)___ (pleasant) sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories, mills (制造厂), and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted ___ (5)___ (remaining) into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem. Several facts make these choices ___ (6)___ (accept) to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, ___ (7)___ are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. The land is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods. A long distance dump has been a common practice, ___ (8)___ once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is nonexistent. ___ (9)___ (aware) of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow. ___ (10)___ (recycle) efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. increasingly 解析：修饰后文形容词difficult，副词修饰形容词作状语；increase动词转换为副词increasingly，意为“越来越、日益”。核心知识点：动词变副词，副词修饰形容词核心语法规则。 2. as 解析：固定搭配select...as...，意为“挑选……作为……”，此处指挑选偏远场地作为垃圾场，介词固定适配语境。核心知识点：动作类高频介词固定搭配，完形填空高频复用。 3. transported 解析：时间定位十八世纪，全文过去语境，用一般过去时；transport规则动词，过去式直接加ed。核心知识点：过去时间状语锁定一般过去时，规则动词时态变形。 4. unpleasant 解析：垃圾场的景象和气味是令人不适的，语境表否定贬义；pleasant前加否定前缀un-，构成反义词unpleasant。核心知识点：形容词反义词前缀un-，语境语义反向推导解题。 5. remains 解析：unwanted修饰名词，此处指无用的废弃物残余物；remaining转换为复数名词remains，固定表“残余、废弃物”。核心知识点：动名词变复数名词，固定语义专用词汇。 6. unacceptable 解析：现代社会不认可旧式垃圾处理方式，语义表否定；accept动词变形容词acceptable，再加un-前缀表“不可接受的”，适配make+宾语+形容词宾补结构。核心知识点：make复合宾语结构，形容词作宾语补足语。 7. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为Dumps（事物），从句缺主语，逗号后不用that，只用关系代词which。核心知识点：非限制性定语从句，指物作主语必用which。 8. but解析：前文说远距离填埋是常规做法，后文说乡村拒收垃圾、无可用土地，前后语义转折，用转折连词but。核心知识点：上下文语义逻辑推导，转折连词精准适配。 9. Awareness 解析：空格后有谓语动词，整句缺少主语；aware形容词转换为抽象名词Awareness，意为“环保意识”，首字母大写。核心知识点：形容词变抽象名词作句子主语，无生命主语高频考法。 10. Recycling 解析：修饰后文名词efforts，用动名词作定语表用途；recycle动名词形式Recycling，Recycling efforts意为“回收利用工作”。核心知识点：动名词作定语，表事物功能用途。 语篇三 海水淡水混合灌溉种植技术 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：锁定客观科技说明文时态，全程一般现在时为主，少量过去时表实验过往操作；优先判断词性变形、被动语态、比较级基础考点。进阶层：攻克固定搭配divide...into...、定语从句关系副词、比较级强化变形核心难点，理清主谓一致被动句式结构。拔高层：结合农业节水抗盐碱真实科技场景，积累农业环保类词汇，读懂科技类短文行文逻辑，适配高考阅读理解同类话题题型。 原文填空版 Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water ___ (1)___ (use) on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are ___ (2)___ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a ___ (3)___ (mix) of sea and fresh water ___ (4)___ (grow) healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm ___ (5)___ eight areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity (含盐度). The water levels and the levels of salinity were ___ (6)___ (control) by computerized measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than ___ (7)___ grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much ___ (8)___ (good). He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr.Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan ___ (9)___ thousands of hectares of land ___ (10)___ (damage) by salinization last year. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. used 解析：fresh water与use是被动被使用关系，过去分词作后置定语，修饰淡水，贴合农田用水语境。核心知识点：过去分词done表被动，名词后置定语常规考法。 2.gradually 解析：修饰形容词unable，副词作状语；gradual形容词变副词gradually，意为“逐渐地”。核心知识点：形容词转副词，修饰形容词适配句子状语结构。 3. mixture 解析：空前有不定冠词a，后接名词单数；mix动词转换为名词mixture，a mixture of固定搭配“……的混合物”。核心知识点：动词变可数名词，冠词+名词单数基础结构。 4. to grow 解析：固定核心搭配use sth. to do sth.，意为“用某物做某事”，不定式作目的状语，贴合种植蔬菜语境。核心知识点：use固定不定式搭配，写作高频实用句式。 5. into 解析：固定拆分搭配divide...into...，意为“把……划分为……”，贴合农场划分区域实验场景。核心知识点：动作拆分类固定介词短语，填空必背搭配。 6. controlled 解析：主语盐度水位与control是被动关系，空前was提示一般过去时被动语态，填过去分词controlled。核心知识点：一般过去时被动语态was/were+done，科技文高频被动句式。 7. those 解析：比较级句式中，指代前文复数vegetables，避免名词重复，用指示代词those特指同类事物。核心知识点：比较级替代词用法，that代单数，those代复数。 8. better 解析：much修饰比较级强化语气，good形容词不规则比较级为better，贴合口感更好的语义。核心知识点：不规则形容词比较级，much修饰比较级加强程度。 9. where 解析：定语从句先行词为Pakistan（地点国家），从句完整不缺主干成分，用关系副词where作地点状语。核心知识点：地点先行词，从句完整用where引导定语从句。 10. was damaged 解析：last year锁定一般过去时，土地与盐碱破坏是被动关系，land单数，用一般过去时被动was damaged。核心知识点：过去时间状语+被动语态双考点叠加考查。 语篇四 面包虫降解泡沫塑料治污染 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：科普类短文时态混搭，近年科研发现用现在完成时，客观事实用一般现在时；快速排查连词、动名词、词性变形基础题型。进阶层：突破定语从句关系代词、被动语态时态匹配、特指冠词用法难点，精准区分介词后动名词固定用法。拔高层：贴合塑料污染绿色治理热点话题，积累环保科技类高频词汇，联动写作素材，同时强化混搭时态解题判断力。 原文填空版 Styrofoam is a plastic with a bad reputation. It cannot be recycled ___ (1)___ releasing dangerous pollution into the air. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste. Scientists from the U.S. and China ___ (2)___ (discover) that meal worms can digest plastic in recent years. One meal worm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day. Study co-author Wei Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic ___ (3)___ (turn) into carbon dioxide. Are the worms hurt by ___ (4)___ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as ___ (5)___ (health) as worms eating bran (糠). Styrofoam is a light-weight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (绝缘性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from ___ (6)___ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material ___ (7)___ protects items during shipping. "Solving ___ (8)___ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited." says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. About 33-million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take ___ (9)___ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years ___ (10)___ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. without 解析：语义贴合泡沫塑料无法回收，且会释放有害污染物，双重否定表肯定，介词without后接动名词，适配句式逻辑。核心知识点：介词without+doing，表“没有、无法”，语境语义推导解题。 2.have discovered 解析：时间状语in recent years近年以来，标配现在完成时，主语多国科学家复数，对应复数谓语。核心知识点：in recent years/over the years 固定搭配现在完成时。 3. is turned 解析：客观科学事实用一般现在时，塑料被分解转化为二氧化碳，被动关系，不可数名词plastic匹配单数被动语态。核心知识点：客观真理一般现在时+被动语态叠加考点。 4. eating 解析：介词by表方式，后必须接动名词作宾语，by eating plastic意为“通过食用塑料”。核心知识点：介词后动词一律变动名词，基础必考规则。 5.healthy 解析：固定同级比较结构as+形容词原级+as，be动词后接形容词作表语，health变形容词healthy。核心知识点：as...as同级比较结构，形容词原级不变形。 6. cups 解析：泛指各类保温保冷杯子，可数名词单用复数表泛指，无需限定词，贴合产品品类语境。核心知识点：可数名词复数表泛指，无冠词直接用复数。 7. that/which 解析：定语从句先行词为packaging material（事物），从句缺主语，限制性定语从句可用that或which。核心知识点：限制性定语从句指物作主语，双关系词通用。 8. the 解析：特指后文塑料污染这一特定环境问题，特指名词前必须加定冠词the。核心知识点：单数可数名词特指，前置定冠词the。 9. up 解析：固定高频短语take up，意为“占据（空间、时间）”，贴合塑料占用填埋场空间语境。核心知识点：环境类高频动词短语，单选填空写作通用。 10. to recycle 解析：固定万能句式It takes some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费多长时间”，不定式作真正主语。核心知识点：it形式主语固定句式，高频万能写作句型。 语篇五 北极北极熊生存危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：生态保护类记叙文，现状用一般现在时，长期变化用现在完成时；重点抓分词定语、定语从句关系词、词性转换基础考点。进阶层：攻克定语从句主谓一致、代词指代、副词修饰整句难点，理清生态因果逻辑适配语法形式。拔高层：结合极地冰川融化、生物保护热点话题，积累濒危动物保护类词汇，强化环保共情语境下语法精准运用能力。 原文填空版 Polar bears live in such environment that is too cold for most animals. For much of the year, they live and hunt on the ___ (1)___ (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared them for the danger ___ (2)___ threatens (威胁) their only home. The polar bears' world is melting. Polar bears ___ (3)___ (suffer) in a warmer world are in danger. Studies show that the polar ice ___ (4)___ (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1,978. At present, about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their ___ (5)___ (survive). "The sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk ___ (6)___," says Andrew Derocher, who studies North American polar bear populations. "Without ___ (7)___, they can't exist." Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a ___ (8)___ (warm) world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. ___ (9)___ (normal), they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight and the extra fat is used later, ___ (10)___ the bears are not actively hunting. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. frozen 解析：修饰名词sea ice，表“被冰封的、冻结的”，用过去分词形容词化作定语，freezing侧重主动结冰，frozen侧重冰封状态。核心知识点：分词形容词辨析，修饰自然地理固定用frozen。 2. that/which 解析：限制性定语从句，先行词danger表事物，从句缺少主语，用that或which引导。核心知识点：抽象事物先行词，从句缺主语通用关系代词。 3. suffering 解析：北极熊与遭受生存危机是主动关系，现在分词作后置定语，修饰主语polar bears，简化从句结构。核心知识点：现在分词doing表主动，名词后置定语简化用法。 4. has reduced 解析：since 1978自过去至今，锁定现在完成时，polar ice不可数，谓语用单数形式。核心知识点：since+过去时间点，强制使用现在完成时。 5. survival 解析：形容词性物主代词their后接名词，survive动词转换为抽象名词survival，意为“生存、存活”。核心知识点：物主代词后必接名词，动词变生存类抽象名词。 6. on 解析：定语从句还原为the bears walk on the platform，搭配walk on+平面物体，介词不可省略。核心知识点：定语从句介词前置/后置，还原句式判介词。 7. it 解析：指代前文单数不可数名词the sea ice，同类同物指代，用单数代词it精准替代。核心知识点：代词指代一致，单数事物用it指代。 8. warmer 解析：对比以往自然环境，如今气候更温暖，暗含比较含义，用形容词比较级warmer。核心知识点：语境暗含对比，无than也可用比较级。 9. Normally 解析：副词置于句首，修饰整句话作评注性状语，normal变副词Normally，首字母大写。核心知识点：副词评注全句，句首独立状语高频用法。 10. when 解析：时间状语从句，意为“当北极熊不主动捕猎时”，用when引导时间状语，贴合脂肪储备复用语境。核心知识点：时间状语从句基础引导词when用法。 语篇六 图瓦卢海平面上升国土淹没危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：全球变暖地理纪实语篇，现状一般现在时，未来预判一般将来时，过往变化现在完成时；聚焦连词、时态预判、非谓语基础考点。进阶层：攻克目的状语从句、将来时被动、定语从句介词前置难点，贴合国土危机严肃语境。拔高层：结合海平面上升、气候难民全球热点，积累国际环保时政类词汇，适配高考阅读理解时政类话题解题。 原文填空版 Tuvalu, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help ___ (1)___ it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and ___ (2)___ of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, ___ (3)___ damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables. But Tuvalu is not the first place ___ (4)___ (face) sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it ___ (5)___ (sink) another 20—50 cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Marks Square, the ___ (6)___ (low) point in the city, flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times a year. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on ___ (7)___ it stands, Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming. The average global temperature ___ (8)___ (increase) by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century. Warmer weather makes glaciers (冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal and oil people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming ___ (9)___ (not stop), there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise by one metre this century. Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world would be flooded with "climate refugees" ___ (10)___ (look) for somewhere to live. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. because/as 解析：前文求助，后文说明担忧被淹没的原因，原因状语从句引导词。核心知识点：原因状语从句，直白因果用because/as。 2. none 解析：九个岛屿中没有一个海拔超五米，none of+复数名词，表三者及以上全无。核心知识点：否定数量代词，地理环境数据专用词。 3. and 解析：海水入侵供水、损毁农作物，两个并列负面危害动作，并列连词and衔接。核心知识点：并列动作递进，基础并列连词用法。 4. to face 解析：固定序数词后置定语the first place to do sth.，不定式作后置定语。核心知识点：序数词+名词，后置必接不定式定语。 5. will sink 解析：by 2050未来时间节点，预判未来下沉趋势，用一般将来时。核心知识点：未来年份时间状语，锁定一般将来时。 6. lowest 解析：城市范围内最低点，多范围比较用形容词最高级the lowest。核心知识点：地域范围内极值，形容词最高级变形。 7. which 解析：定语从句介词on前置，指代mud事物，介词后只能用which，不用that。核心知识点：介词+关系代词，指物必用which。 8. has increased 解析：over the past century近百年以来，现在完成时标配时间状语，温度单数谓语。核心知识点：over+过去时段，强制现在完成时。 9. is not stopped 解析：条件状语从句主将从现，气候变暖是被动被遏制，一般现在时被动否定。核心知识点：主将从现+被动语态，条件从句高频考点。 10. looking 解析：气候难民主动寻找居所，现在分词作后置定语修饰refugees。核心知识点：主动动作doing后置修饰人，简化从句结构。 语篇七 环保与经济发展电视辩论 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：辩论类对话文体，客观观点用一般现在时，全程时态统一无混搭；重点抓时态主谓一致、非谓语目的状语、定语从句基础考点。进阶层：攻克what主语从句、被动语态、固定并列短语难点，区分辩论双方观点对应的语法语气适配。拔高层：结合绿色发展、工业环保辩证话题，积累辩论类书面表达素材，理清观点对立类语篇语法运用逻辑。 原文填空版 Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green Society,and Qianliwei, a business development consultant, are taking part in a television debate on the environment. According to Lin Shuiqing, chemical waste ___ (1)___ (do)great harm to the environment, making people sick and killing many plants, animals and river and sea life. Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch lots of fish, ___ (2)___ (give) them little time to lay eggs. Besides, more land and food are needed due to ___ (3)___ increase in population. She suggests that we should think more about recycling our waste, ___ (4)___ can bring us such benefits as protecting the environment, increasing ___ (5)___ (employ)and developing our country. Qian Liwei points out that people often connect factories with pollution and greedy businessmen, but in fact, many of them take action ___ (6)___ (protect) the environment. He thinks a healthy environment and economic development can exist ___ (7)___ the same time. In his opinion, reducing the quantity of things we produce can lead to some people ___ (8)___ (lose) their jobs. He agrees that we should recycle more. And ___ (9)___ we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow, though they may cause the prices of some things to rise. Besides, higher taxes should ___ (10)___ (pay) by those factories which pollute the environment. 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. does 解析：客观常态化危害，一般现在时，waste不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数。核心知识点：不可数名词作主语，谓语单数三单变形。 2. giving 解析：前文渔船过度捕鱼，自然产生后续结果，现在分词作结果状语，表顺其自然的结果。核心知识点：doing作结果状语，表客观顺势结果。 3. the 解析：特指人口数量的增长，特指唯一性抽象增长趋势，加定冠词the。核心知识点：特指抽象变化量，前置定冠词the。 4. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件回收垃圾这件事，逗号后只用which。核心知识点：which指代整句话内容，非限制性从句专用。 5. employment 解析：动词increase后接宾语，employ动词转换为名词employment，意为“就业、就业率”。核心知识点：动词变就业类抽象名词，经济环保话题高频词。 6. to protect 解析：固定搭配take action to do sth.，意为“采取行动做某事”，不定式表行动目的。核心知识点：action固定不定式搭配，写作万能句式。 7. at 解析：固定万能短语at the same time，意为“与此同时”，辩论衔接专用短语。核心知识点：高频时间固定介词短语，口语写作通用。 8. losing 解析：固定搭配lead to sb. doing sth.，to为介词，后接动名词复合结构。核心知识点：to作介词，后接动名词，不接不定式。 9. what 解析：主语从句中缺少need的宾语，无先行词，用what引导主语从句，表“我们所需要的事物”。核心知识点：what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主干成分。 10. be paid 解析：情态动词should后接动词原形，税款是被工厂缴纳，被动语态，填be paid。核心知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词，被动语态基础结构。 语篇八 海洋塑料回收修建环保道路 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：科技环保新闻类语篇，全程一般现在时为主，介绍全新技术方案；聚焦词性变形、被动语态、定语从句、冠词基础必考题型。进阶层：突破后置非谓语定语、条件状语从句主谓一致、固定用途搭配难点，贴合工程科技语境适配语法。拔高层：结合变废为宝绿色基建热点，积累新能源、环保材料类词汇，强化科技类语篇快速解题语感。 原文填空版 Plastic is a huge problem for our planet． It is really ___ (1)___ （ challenge） to get rid of and a lot of it ends up in nature or in the ocean in particular． There， it is a threat ___ (2)___ our animals and plants． Now a company from the Netherlands， a small country in western Europe， says that it will use plastic ___ (3)___ （ find） in the ocean to build roads． Volker Wessels ___ (4)___ （turn） the plastic into building blocks for the roads． They will be like puzzle pieces ___ (5)___ fit into each other． Not only will this be good for the environment，but also it will be good for the people who look after roads． If a part of the road ___ (6)___ （damage），it will be easy to remove it and replace it with another piece． The company says that nearly any type of plastic can be used ___ (7)___ （make） the road pieces． Scientists ___ (8)___ （work） on the project say that they are in the final stages of testing the materials for ___ (9)___ （safe）．They say that the first road built will be ___ (10)___ bicycle path somewhere in the Netherlands． 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. challenging 解析：固定句式It is+形容词+to do，challenge动词变形容词challenging，意为“有挑战性的”。核心知识点：动词变-ing类形容词，描述事物属性。 2. to 解析：固定生态搭配a threat to...，意为“对……构成威胁”，环保话题专用介词搭配。核心知识点：名词+to固定搭配，危害类高频短语。 3. found 解析：塑料是在海洋中被发现，被动关系，过去分词作后置定语修饰plastic。核心知识点：被动后置定语，简化定语从句结构。 4. will turn 解析：前文公司计划将要修路，未来规划动作，用一般将来时。核心知识点：未来工程规划，语境推导将来时态。 5. that/which 解析：先行词puzzle pieces表物品，定语从句缺主语，限制性从句通用that/which。核心知识点：实物先行词，从句主语关系代词。 6. is damaged 解析：条件状语从句主将从现，路面被损坏被动关系，单数主语一般现在时被动。核心知识点：主将从现+被动语态双考点叠加。 7. to make 解析：固定被动搭配be used to do sth.，意为“被用来做某事”，工程材料专用句式。核心知识点：be used to do 被动用途固定搭配。 8. working 解析：科学家与研发项目是主动参与关系，现在分词作后置定语修饰scientists。核心知识点：主动伴随动作，doing后置修饰人。 9. safety 解析：介词for后接名词，safe形容词变名词safety，意为“安全、安全性”。核心知识点：形容词变名词，介词后必用名词宾语。 10. a 解析：首次泛指一条自行车道，bicycle辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。核心知识点：辅音开头单数可数名词，泛指用a。 语篇九 间隔年环球低碳环保旅行 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：人物记叙文，过往经历用一般过去时，当下规划用现在完成时、将来时；重点抓固定不定式、名词复数、比较级基础简单考点。进阶层：突破反身代词、现在完成时、定语从句关系代词难点，理清旅行叙事时序适配语法时态。拔高层：结合低碳出行、青年环保践行话题，积累生活类环保写作素材，贴合青少年日常场景，易记易用。 原文填空版 For Nigel Portman, a love of traveling began with what's called a "gap year"．In common with many other British teenagers,he chose ___ (1)___ (take) a year out before settling down to study for his degree．After doing various ___ (2)___(job) to raise some money,he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures,visiting America and Asia．The more adventurous the young person,the ___ (3)___(great) the challenge they are likely to set ___ (4)___ (them) for the gap year,and for some,like Nigel,it can result in a thirst for adventure． Now that his university course ___ (5)___ (come) to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world．What's more,he plans to make the whole journey ___ (6)___ (use) only means of transport which are powered by natural energy．In other words,he'll be relying ___ (7)___ (main) on bicycles and his own legs; and when there's an ocean to cross,he won't be taking a shortcut (捷径) ___ (8)___ flying aboard — he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship,instead． As well as doing some mountain climbing along ___ (9)___ way,Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message ___ (10)___ lies behind the whole idea． 标准答案+逐空详细解析+核心知识点 1. to take 解析：固定搭配choose to do sth.，选择做某事，不定式作宾语。核心知识点：高频动词固定接不定式，单选填空必考。 2. jobs 解析：various意为“各种各样的”，后接可数名词复数，job变复数jobs。核心知识点：various+可数名词复数，数量限定基础规则。 3. greater 解析：固定句型the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……越……”，great变比较级greater。核心知识点：双重比较级固定句式，写作加分句型。 4. themselves 解析：主语they对应反身代词，给自己设定挑战，强调自身，用复数反身代词。核心知识点：主语与宾语同指一人，必用反身代词。 5. has come 解析：now that既然，课程已经结束，强调完成对现在的影响，现在完成时。核心知识点：now that语境，动作完结用现在完成时。 6. using 解析：全程主动采用低碳出行方式，现在分词作方式状语，修饰全程旅行动作。核心知识点：doing作方式状语，说明做事方式。 7. mainly 解析：修饰动词relying，副词作状语，main形容词变副词mainly。核心知识点：形容词转副词修饰谓语动词。 8. by 解析：by+动名词，表出行方式、手段，by flying意为“搭乘飞机”。核心知识点：by+doing表方式手段，交通出行高频用法。 9. the 解析：固定短语along the way，意为“一路上、沿途”，固定搭配必加定冠词。核心知识点：路途类固定短语，冠词固定不变。 10. that/which 解析：先行词message抽象事物，定语从句缺主语，用that/which引导。核心知识点：抽象名词先行词，从句主语通用关系代词。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 步步提分｜语法填空专项集训-人与环境2 语篇一 乞力马扎罗雪山消融危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：先通读全文锁定时态，全文客观科普地理环境现状，主体时态锁定一般现在时，穿插现在完成时贴合长期环境变化语境；逐空先判断词性需求，区分谓语动词、非谓语动词、冠词、介词、连词高频考点。进阶层：精准辨析非谓语作目的状语、定语后置用法，吃透固定生态类搭配、并列复合句句式规则。拔高层：结合全球气候变暖真实语境，理解语法填空背后语用逻辑，做到会做题、懂语境、记搭配，适配高考环保类读后续写、完形联动积累。原文填空版 Every year tens of thousands of tourists visit Mountain Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Tanzania, Africa, ___ (1)___ (witness) the beautiful scenes described in Ernest Hemingway's The Snows of Kilimanjaro. ___ (2)___ are attracted by the American writer's descriptions of the millennia-old glaciers. However, this tourist ___ (3)___ (attract) will vanish soon. According to the Climate Group, ___ (4)___ (form) by environmentalists worldwide to document the effects of global warming, Mount Kilimanjaro's snows and glaciers ___ (5)___ (disappear) and are likely to be gone altogether in the near future. Not only will the summit lose its appeal, ___ (6)___ the disappearance of the snows will also cause major damage ___ (7)___ the ecosystem on the dry African plains at its base. Without the snow ___ (8)___ (cover) the peak, there will not be enough water to keep the plants and animals below alive and ___ (9)___ (health). Rising temperatures, one of the main effects of global warming, thus threaten the ecosystem of this mountain area. The loss of the snows on the 5,892m peak, which ___ (10)___ (be) there for about 11,700 years, could have disastrous effects on Tanzania. 语篇二 城市垃圾处理困境演变 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：通读锁定全文时态，回顾十八世纪垃圾处理用一般过去时，当下现状用一般现在时；快速区分副词修饰形容词、名词作主语、非谓语定语基础考点。进阶层：攻克定语从句关系词、形容词反义词变形、固定主谓搭配难点，区分主动被动语态适配场景。拔高层：结合城市环保治理现实场景，理解垃圾处理古今差异，积累环保治理类写作素材，同步强化时态切换解题敏感度。原文填空版 Disposing (处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste disposal problem becomes ___ (1)___ (increase) difficult. During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot ___ (2)___ a dump site (垃圾场). People ___ (3)___ (transport) household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Regularly some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The ___ (4)___ (pleasant) sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories, mills (制造厂), and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted ___ (5)___ (remaining) into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem. Several facts make these choices ___ (6)___ (accept) to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, ___ (7)___ are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. The land is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods. A long distance dump has been a common practice, ___ (8)___ once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is nonexistent. ___ (9)___ (aware) of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow. ___ (10)___ (recycle) efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste. 语篇三 海水淡水混合灌溉种植技术 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：锁定客观科技说明文时态，全程一般现在时为主，少量过去时表实验过往操作；优先判断词性变形、被动语态、比较级基础考点。进阶层：攻克固定搭配divide...into...、定语从句关系副词、比较级强化变形核心难点，理清主谓一致被动句式结构。拔高层：结合农业节水抗盐碱真实科技场景，积累农业环保类词汇，读懂科技类短文行文逻辑，适配高考阅读理解同类话题题型。 原文填空版 Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels. This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water ___ (1)___ (use) on coastal farms. As a result, farmers are ___ (2)___ (gradual) unable to use fields close to the sea. However, Marc Van Rijsselberg, a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a ___ (3)___ (mix) of sea and fresh water ___ (4)___ (grow) healthy and tasty vegetables. He teamed up with scientists from the Free University and divided a farm ___ (5)___ eight areas. Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water, and a computer program created water with eight levels of salinity (含盐度). The water levels and the levels of salinity were ___ (6)___ (control) by computerized measuring devices called “sensors”. Mr. Van Rijsselberg said he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight testing areas. He said the vegetables were smaller than ___ (7)___ grown in fresh water. But he said they also had more sugar and salt, so they tasted much ___ (8)___ (good). He found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water. Mr.Van Rijsselberg said four kinds of these potatoes would be sent to Pakistan ___ (9)___ thousands of hectares of land ___ (10)___ (damage) by salinization last year. 语篇四 面包虫降解泡沫塑料治污染 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：科普类短文时态混搭，近年科研发现用现在完成时，客观事实用一般现在时；快速排查连词、动名词、词性变形基础题型。进阶层：突破定语从句关系代词、被动语态时态匹配、特指冠词用法难点，精准区分介词后动名词固定用法。拔高层：贴合塑料污染绿色治理热点话题，积累环保科技类高频词汇，联动写作素材，同时强化混搭时态解题判断力。 原文填空版 Styrofoam is a plastic with a bad reputation. It cannot be recycled ___ (1)___ releasing dangerous pollution into the air. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says it is the fifth largest creator of dangerous waste. Scientists from the U.S. and China ___ (2)___ (discover) that meal worms can digest plastic in recent years. One meal worm can digest a pill-sized amount of plastic a day. Study co-author Wei Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic ___ (3)___ (turn) into carbon dioxide. Are the worms hurt by ___ (4)___ (eat) plastic? The study found that worms eating Styrofoam were as ___ (5)___ (health) as worms eating bran (糠). Styrofoam is a light-weight material, about 95 percent air, with very good insulation properties (绝缘性), according to Earthsource.org. It is used in products from ___ (6)___ (cup) that keep your drinks hot or cold to packaging material ___ (7)___ protects items during shipping. "Solving ___ (8)___ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill space is becoming limited." says Wu, a Stanford University environmental engineering instructor. About 33-million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cups and containers take ___ (9)___ 25 percent to 30 percent of space in America's landfills. One Styrofoam cup takes more than 1 million years ___ (10)___ (recycle) in a landfill, according to Cleveland State University. 语篇五 北极北极熊生存危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：生态保护类记叙文，现状用一般现在时，长期变化用现在完成时；重点抓分词定语、定语从句关系词、词性转换基础考点。进阶层：攻克定语从句主谓一致、代词指代、副词修饰整句难点，理清生态因果逻辑适配语法形式。拔高层：结合极地冰川融化、生物保护热点话题，积累濒危动物保护类词汇，强化环保共情语境下语法精准运用能力。 原文填空版 Polar bears live in such environment that is too cold for most animals. For much of the year, they live and hunt on the ___ (1)___ (freeze) Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared them for the cold conditions but nothing has prepared them for the danger ___ (2)___ threatens (威胁) their only home. The polar bears' world is melting. Polar bears ___ (3)___ (suffer) in a warmer world are in danger. Studies show that the polar ice ___ (4)___ (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1,978. At present, about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their ___ (5)___ (survive). "The sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk ___ (6)___," says Andrew Derocher, who studies North American polar bear populations. "Without ___ (7)___, they can't exist." Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. But in a ___ (8)___ (warm) world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. ___ (9)___ (normal), they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight and the extra fat is used later, ___ (10)___ the bears are not actively hunting. Therefore, it is urgent to protect the environment and maintain the ecological balance. 语篇六 图瓦卢海平面上升国土淹没危机 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：全球变暖地理纪实语篇，现状一般现在时，未来预判一般将来时，过往变化现在完成时；聚焦连词、时态预判、非谓语基础考点。进阶层：攻克目的状语从句、将来时被动、定语从句介词前置难点，贴合国土危机严肃语境。拔高层：结合海平面上升、气候难民全球热点，积累国际环保时政类词汇，适配高考阅读理解时政类话题解题。 原文填空版 Tuvalu, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help ___ (1)___ it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea. Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and ___ (2)___ of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, ___ (3)___ damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetables. But Tuvalu is not the first place ___ (4)___ (face) sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it ___ (5)___ (sink) another 20—50 cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Marks Square, the ___ (6)___ (low) point in the city, flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times a year. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on ___ (7)___ it stands, Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming. The average global temperature ___ (8)___ (increase) by almost 0.5 centigrade degrees over the past century. Warmer weather makes glaciers (冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal and oil people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, making the planet even warmer. Many scientists believe that, if the warming ___ (9)___ (not stop), there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise by one metre this century. Should this come true, the sea would swallow up millions of homes and the world would be flooded with "climate refugees" ___ (10)___ (look) for somewhere to live. 语篇七 环保与经济发展电视辩论 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：辩论类对话文体，客观观点用一般现在时，全程时态统一无混搭；重点抓时态主谓一致、非谓语目的状语、定语从句基础考点。进阶层：攻克what主语从句、被动语态、固定并列短语难点，区分辩论双方观点对应的语法语气适配。拔高层：结合绿色发展、工业环保辩证话题，积累辩论类书面表达素材，理清观点对立类语篇语法运用逻辑。 原文填空版 Lin Shuiqing, a spokeswoman from the Green Society,and Qianliwei, a business development consultant, are taking part in a television debate on the environment. According to Lin Shuiqing, chemical waste ___ (1)___ (do)great harm to the environment, making people sick and killing many plants, animals and river and sea life. Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats as well. These boats catch lots of fish, ___ (2)___ (give) them little time to lay eggs. Besides, more land and food are needed due to ___ (3)___ increase in population. She suggests that we should think more about recycling our waste, ___ (4)___ can bring us such benefits as protecting the environment, increasing ___ (5)___ (employ)and developing our country. Qian Liwei points out that people often connect factories with pollution and greedy businessmen, but in fact, many of them take action ___ (6)___ (protect) the environment. He thinks a healthy environment and economic development can exist ___ (7)___ the same time. In his opinion, reducing the quantity of things we produce can lead to some people ___ (8)___ (lose) their jobs. He agrees that we should recycle more. And ___ (9)___ we need are better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow, though they may cause the prices of some things to rise. Besides, higher taxes should ___ (10)___ (pay) by those factories which pollute the environment. 语篇八 海洋塑料回收修建环保道路 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：科技环保新闻类语篇，全程一般现在时为主，介绍全新技术方案；聚焦词性变形、被动语态、定语从句、冠词基础必考题型。进阶层：突破后置非谓语定语、条件状语从句主谓一致、固定用途搭配难点，贴合工程科技语境适配语法。拔高层：结合变废为宝绿色基建热点，积累新能源、环保材料类词汇，强化科技类语篇快速解题语感。 原文填空版 Plastic is a huge problem for our planet． It is really ___ (1)___ （ challenge） to get rid of and a lot of it ends up in nature or in the ocean in particular． There， it is a threat ___ (2)___ our animals and plants． Now a company from the Netherlands， a small country in western Europe， says that it will use plastic ___ (3)___ （ find） in the ocean to build roads． Volker Wessels ___ (4)___ （turn） the plastic into building blocks for the roads． They will be like puzzle pieces ___ (5)___ fit into each other． Not only will this be good for the environment，but also it will be good for the people who look after roads． If a part of the road ___ (6)___ （damage），it will be easy to remove it and replace it with another piece． The company says that nearly any type of plastic can be used ___ (7)___ （make） the road pieces． Scientists ___ (8)___ （work） on the project say that they are in the final stages of testing the materials for ___ (9)___ （safe）．They say that the first road built will be ___ (10)___ bicycle path somewhere in the Netherlands． 语篇九 间隔年环球低碳环保旅行 分层解题前置思考（先想后填，拒绝机械刷题） 基础层：人物记叙文，过往经历用一般过去时，当下规划用现在完成时、将来时；重点抓固定不定式、名词复数、比较级基础简单考点。进阶层：突破反身代词、现在完成时、定语从句关系代词难点，理清旅行叙事时序适配语法时态。拔高层：结合低碳出行、青年环保践行话题，积累生活类环保写作素材，贴合青少年日常场景，易记易用。 原文填空版 For Nigel Portman, a love of traveling began with what's called a "gap year"．In common with many other British teenagers,he chose ___ (1)___ (take) a year out before settling down to study for his degree．After doing various ___ (2)___(job) to raise some money,he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures,visiting America and Asia．The more adventurous the young person,the ___ (3)___(great) the challenge they are likely to set ___ (4)___ (them) for the gap year,and for some,like Nigel,it can result in a thirst for adventure． Now that his university course ___ (5)___ (come) to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world．What's more,he plans to make the whole journey ___ (6)___ (use) only means of transport which are powered by natural energy．In other words,he'll be relying ___ (7)___ (main) on bicycles and his own legs; and when there's an ocean to cross,he won't be taking a shortcut (捷径) ___ (8)___ flying aboard — he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship,instead． As well as doing some mountain climbing along ___ (9)___ way,Nigel hopes to pass on to the people he meets the environmental message ___ (10)___ lies behind the whole idea． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $