Unit 5 Nature's Temper 任务型阅读与短文选词填空 专项练 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 任务型阅读与短文选词填空 专项练 2025-2026学年下学期初中英语人教版(2024)八年级下册 一、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分。 Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them. Usually people have little or no idea about what to do during an earthquake, so here is some advice. Inside Do not jump out of high buildings. Hide under a table. Stay away from windows and heavy furniture. Keep clear of fires. Leave the building quickly when the ground stops shaking, but do not use the lift. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people. Be brave and be helpful. Outside Move away from buildings, because parts of a building may fall on you. Do not stand near street lights or under power lines. Stay away from bridges and trees. If you are in a bus or car, stay in it. In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks. On a beach, run away from the sea and move quickly to higher ground. In short, follow what you have learned in school. You can be safe and you can also help save others. 1.Why is it difficult to warn people about earthquakes? 2.What should we do if we are in a bus? 3.Can we jump out of high buildings when we are inside? 4.What should we be careful of when we are in the mountains? 5.将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。 Sudden shaking of the ground makes an earthquake. It is caused by a sudden rock movement underground. Earthquakes usually happen in long narrow belts, where different large plates of rock meet. In spite of much research and wonderful equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake accurately (准确地), although experts can estimate roughly (大概推测) an earthquake coming in a particular region. So everyone needs to learn a bit about how to keep oneself safe in an earthquake. As you may know, the greatest danger of an earthquake comes from falling buildings and structures and flying glass, stones and other objects. Please read on for some tips about how to stay safe in an earthquake: * If you are indoors, find a secure location to wait out the quake, such as under a heavy table or desk. Doorways are among the safest places to stand because you can brace (支撑) yourself between two walls. However, watch out for swinging doors. Stay away from windows. * If you are outdoors, try to get into an open area, away from falling buildings, power lines, trees, etc. * If you are in a crowded public area, crouch down (蹲下), with your hands protecting your head and neck. * If you are in your car, pull over to the side, away from power lines and overpasses, and stay inside the car until the shaking stops. 判断正误,英汉互译及回答问题。 6.We can predict an earthquake accurately now. (T or F) 7.Put the underlined sentence (in Paragraph 2) into Chinese. 8.What causes an earthquake? 9.How do we protect ourselves if we are in a crowded public area? 10.What is this passage mainly about? Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent. This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square kilometres in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of the oldest places in the world. All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert. Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes, mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like—it looks like a sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves. Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some people live in these places all year round. Not many animals can live in a place with such a dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive. Camels, for example, go for a long time without drinking water. When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes! Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures to stop climate change, the desert will keep growing! 11.The Sahara Desert is located in .(仅限一词) 12.Camels can drink a lot of water .(不超过5个词) 13.What do Fennec foxes have to help them stay cool?(10-20词) 14.Why is the Sahara Desert growing?(10-20词) 15.As a middle school student, what do you think this article is trying to tell us? Natural disasters may happen at any time. When natural disasters happen, you might find yourself without water, food and electricity. So you should get prepared before the disaster comes. Here are some suggestions. First, know what disasters may happen in your area. You should learn about the types of disasters that are common in your city, such as earthquakes, floods, or typhoons. It is also a good way to follow local news and weather reports. In these ways, you can know about possible risks. Second, make an emergency plan. Plan a way to get your family members together if they can’t find each other when the disaster happens. Choose two places for everyone to go if it isn’t safe to stay at home. Pick one place right outside your home for sudden emergencies and the other one outside of your neighbourhood. Third, get a family survival kit (救包) ready. It should include some necessary things your family needs. For example, water, food, medicine and some useful tools. Besides, it is necessary to think about any special needs that might come up. Pack some special things for the old or the young in your family. Then, keep the kit in a place where it is easy for everyone to find. Finally, practise the plan you have made. Practise regularly with your family and make sure that everyone knows exactly what to do. It is impossible to stop natural disasters, but with more preparation, you can protect yourself and your loved ones better. Suggestions for Getting Prepared Before Natural Disasters Know the 16 disasters in your area Learn about the types of disasters. Follow local news and weather reports. Make an emergency plan Plan a way to gather family members together. Choose two places. One is right outside your home. The other is outside of 17 . Prepare a 18 Water, food, medicine and useful tools. Special things for the old or the young. Keep it in a place where everyone can 19 . Put the plan into 20 Practise regularly. Everyone knows exactly what to do. 二、选词填空 阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 thick danger from sun firefighter I but smell beat nearby Last Saturday, I went camping with my teacher and classmates in the mountains. It was 21 and warm that day, and everyone was excited to explore. In the afternoon, we suddenly 22 smoke in the air. “Did you smell that?” my friend Lily asked nervously. “I think it’s just a campfire (篝火) 23 ,” I replied. But soon, we saw orange flames moving fast through the dry grass. A forest fire had started! Our teacher shouted, “Boys and girls, stay together! Follow 24 and move quickly!” We held hands in pairs, covered our mouths with clothes, and ran through the 25 smoke. “Watch out!” my classmate Tom shouted as we jumped over a small burning bush (灌木). My heart 26 very fast, and I could feel the heat on my face. Branches fell around us, and smoke made it hard to breathe. After about half an hour, we finally reached an open place far 27 the fire. “We’re safe!” Lily said and took a deep breath. From there, we saw 28 coming towards the forest. Tired but relaxed, I said to my friend, “That was scary, 29 I’m glad we stayed together.” That experience teaches me how important it is to stay calm, listen to instructions, and help each other in 30 . I will never forget that day in the mountains. 从方框中选择合适的单词,并用其适当形式填空(每词限用一次)。 sorry little life sudden get late review without check help A sudden mudslide hit the mountain village last month. When Mr. Li was working in his office, the ground 31 shook. He quickly ran out of the building. He felt lucky to be alive, but he was 32 for what happened to his neighbors. After the mudslide, Mr. Li 33 a call from his friend working in another village. The friend asked Mr. Li 34 on his family. However, Mr. Li’s house had fallen down. He asked over 20 people for 35 , but it was too 36 . All his family members had lost their 37 . A student named Xiao Ming was doing a final 38 in the classroom when he heard the noise. He ran out 39 shoes or a coat. After the shaking stopped, teachers led the students to the playground. “Seeing more rescue workers arriving, I feel 40 afraid,” Xiao Ming said. 从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空,每词限用一次。 disaster, safe, calm, dangerous, protect, help, rule, peaceful, fall, we Nature can be angry, and brings us 41 . We must learn to keep 42 . When we are in 43 , stay 44 first. Don’t run here and there. We should learn some safety 45 . For example, stay away from 46 trees and buildings. We should know how to 47 ourselves. After the disaster, we should 48 each other. It’s important for 49 to remember these rules to stay away from danger and live a 50 life. 从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文完整通顺。(每个词只能用一次) temper, adapt, cover, storm, measure, future, project, nature, transport, save Nature has its own temper. When a 51 comes, the strong wind and heavy rain show its fierce temper. To deal with nature’s temper, we need to 52 to the changing environment. We should take some 53 to protect ourselves and the nature. For example, we can plant more trees and 54 resources. In the 55 , we will build more eco-friendly 56 systems. Scientists are also working on new 57 to prevent natural disasters. The 58 around us is beautiful but sometimes dangerous. We should 59 the soil to prevent erosion. We need to understand the 60 of nature and live in harmony with it. 参考答案 1.Because earthquakes always happen suddenly. 2.Stay in it. 3.No, we can’t. 4.Falling rocks. 5.你也能够帮助到别人。 【导语】本文介绍了地震发生时的安全避险指南,分别说明了在室内和室外的正确应对方法,帮助人们在地震中保护自己、救助他人。 1.文中提到“Earthquakes always happen suddenly, so it is difficult to warn people about them.”,说明地震难以预警是因为它总是突然发生。 2.文中提到“If you are in a bus or car, stay in it.”,说明如果在公交车上,应该待在车里。 3.文中提到“Do not jump out of high buildings.”,说明在室内时不能从高楼跳下,答案为否定。 4.文中提到“In the mountains, be careful of falling rocks.”,说明在山里时要小心落石。 5.“You can also help save others”译为你也能够帮助到别人。情态动词can后接动词原形help;help后可直接跟动词原形,构成help do sth.结构,意为“帮助做某事”;save others表示“拯救他人”;also置于情态动词can之后、实义动词help之前,符合副词在句中的位置规则。 6.F 7.因此每个人都需要掌握一点儿有关在地震中如何保护自己的知识。 8.A sudden rock movement underground. 9.Crouch down with our hands protecting our head and neck. 10.It’s about what an earthquake is and how to stay safe in an earthquake. 【导语】本文主要介绍了地震的成因,并提供了几条地震中的自我保护的安全建议。 6.第一段指出“In spite of much research and wonderful equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake accurately, although experts can estimate roughly an earthquake coming in a particular region.”,原文直接提取。 7.“So everyone needs to learn a bit about how to keep oneself safe in an earthquake”译为“因此每个人都需要掌握一点儿有关在地震中如何保护自己的知识”。So“因此”,“everyone needs to”翻译为“每个人都需要”,“in an earthquake”翻译为“在地震中”,“learn a bit about”翻译为“学一点”,“keep oneself safe”翻译为“保护自身安全”。 8.第一段指出“It is caused by a sudden rock movement underground.”,原文直接提取。 9.根据“If you are in a crowded public area, crouch down, with your hands protecting your head and neck.”,原文直接提取。 10.这篇文章介绍了地震的成因以及地震中的自我保护的方法。 11.Africa 12.in 13 minutes 13.They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool. 14.Because of climate change. Summers are hotter, less rain falls, and the ground gets drier. 15.The article tells us that the Sahara is a very old and large desert, and it is growing because of climate change. We should do something to help the earth. (言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的位置、规模、气候、地貌及生态等信息,还提及了它的扩张趋势。 11.原文第一段:“Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent.”,明确说明撒哈拉沙漠位于非洲。 12.原文第五段:“When they do find water, they can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes!”,骆驼可以在13分钟内喝掉100多升! 13.原文第五段:“Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have large ears to help their bodies stay cool.”,明确说明耳廓狐有大耳朵,可以帮助身体保持凉爽。 14.原文最后一段:“Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists believe that part of the reason… the desert will keep growing!”,说明因为气候变化,夏天越来越热,雨水越来越少,地面也越来越干燥,故而引起撒哈拉沙漠扩张。 15.本题为开放性习题,可围绕呼吁人们应对气候变化阻止沙漠扩张展开。 16.common 17.your neighbourhood 18.family survival kit 19.find 20.practice 【导语】本文主要讲述在自然灾害发生前应做的四项准备工作:了解所在地区的灾害类型、制定应急计划、准备应急救包以及定期进行演练。 16.根据第一部分“First, know what disasters may happen in your area.”及后文建议了解所在城市常见的灾害类型“learn about the types of disasters that are common in your city”,可知此处应指了解该地区“常见的”灾害,应填“common”。 17.根据第二部分制定应急计划的建议“Pick one place right outside your home for sudden emergencies and the other one outside of your neighbourhood.”可知第二个集合地点在社区外面,故第二空填“your neighbourhood”。 18.根据第三部分标题“Third, get a family survival kit ready.”及本段内容,可知此处讲的是准备一个家庭应急救包,所以第三空填“family survival kit”。 19.根据第三部分最后一句“Then, keep the kit in a place where it is easy for everyone to find.”可知应将救包放在每个人都能“容易找到”的地方,结合表格中“everyone can”的语法结构,应填“find”。 20.根据第四部分“Finally, practise the plan you have made.”及后文定期演练的建议,可知最后一项建议是将计划付诸“实践”,故第五空填“practice”。 21.sunny 22.smelled/smelt 23.nearby 24.me 25.thick 26.beat 27.from 28.firefighters 29.but 30.danger 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和老师、同学去山里露营时遭遇森林火灾,大家听从老师指挥逃离火灾,最后看到消防员赶来,这次经历让作者明白在危险中保持冷静、听从指令和互相帮助的重要性。 21.句意:那天天气晴朗温暖,每个人都兴奋地去探索。根据“and warm”可知此处需要一个描述天气的形容词,与“warm”并列,结合语境可知是天气晴朗,应用sun的形容词sunny。 22.句意:下午,我们突然闻到空气中有烟味。根据“smoke in the air”以及后文“Did you smell that?”可知,此处是闻到烟味,且文章是一般过去时,应用smell的过去式smelled/smelt。 23.句意:我想这只是附近的一个篝火。根据“I think it’s just a campfire...”可知,这里需要一个副词来修饰“a campfire”,表示篝火的位置,结合语境是附近的篝火,应用nearby。 24.句意:孩子们,待在一起!跟着我,快点走!根据“Our teacher shouted”可知老师让大家跟着“我”,动词follow后接人称代词宾格,应用I的宾格me。 25.句意:我们两两牵着手,用衣服捂住嘴,穿过浓烟。根据“smoke”以及后文描述火灾情况可知,此处需要一个形容词修饰“smoke”,表示烟雾的状态,结合语境是浓烟,应用thick。 26.句意:我的心跳得很快,我能感觉到脸上的热量。根据“My heart...very fast”可知,这里需要一个动词表示心跳,且文章是一般过去时,应用beat的过去式beat。 27.句意:大约半小时后,我们终于到达了一个远离火灾的开阔地带。根据“far...the fire”可知,此处需要一个介词表示距离,与“far”构成固定短语“far from”,表示远离,应用from。 28.句意:从那里,我们看到消防员正朝森林赶来。根据“coming towards the forest”以及常识可知,发生火灾时赶来的是消防员,且这里不止一个消防员,应用firefighter的复数firefighters。 29.句意:那很可怕,但我很高兴我们待在一起。根据“That was scary”和“I’m glad we stayed together”可知,前后是转折关系,应用but。 30.句意:那次经历让我明白在危险中保持冷静、听从指令和互相帮助是多么重要。根据“in...”可知,此处需要一个名词,结合前文描述遭遇火灾可知是在危险中,应用danger。 31.suddenly 32.sorry 33.got 34.to check 35.help 36.late 37.lives 38.review 39.without 40.less 【导语】本文讲述了上个月一场突如其来的泥石流袭击山村时,李先生和学生小明的不同经历,展现了灾难发生时的场景与人们的状态。 31.句意:当李先生在办公室工作时,地面突然晃动了。此处修饰动词shook,需用副词,sudden的副词形式为suddenly,意为 “突然地”,符合“泥石流发生时地面突然晃动”的语境,因此用suddenly。 32.句意:他为自己能活下来感到幸运,但他为邻居们的遭遇感到难过。be sorry for是固定搭配,意为“为……感到难过 / 遗憾”,符合“邻居遭遇不幸,李先生感到难过”的语境,因此用sorry。 33.句意:泥石流过后,李先生接到了在另一个村庄工作的朋友的电话。get a call是固定搭配,意为“接到电话”,文章时态为一般过去时,get的过去式为got。 34.句意:朋友让李先生确认一下他的家人(是否安全)。ask sb. to do sth.是固定结构,意为“让某人做某事”,check on是固定搭配,意为“检查、确认(情况)”,因此用to check。 35.句意:他向 20 多个人求助,但为时已晚。ask sb. for help是固定搭配,意为“向某人求助”,help无需变形。 36.句意:但为时已晚。too late是固定表达,意为“太晚了”,符合 “家人已遇难,求助为时已晚”的语境。 37.句意:他所有的家人都失去了生命。life表示“生命”时是可数名词,their后接可数名词复数,life的复数形式为lives,因此用 lives。 38.句意:一个叫小明的学生正在教室里进行期末复习时,听到了声响。do a final review意为“进行期末复习”,review 此处为名词,意为“复习”,因此用review原形即可。 39.句意:他没穿鞋、没穿外套就跑了出去。without是介词,意为“没有”,后接名词shoes or a coat,符合“紧急逃生时没穿衣物” 的语境。 40.句意:“看到更多救援人员到来,我不那么害怕了。”小明说。此处修饰形容词afraid,需用副词,little的副词形式为less,意为“更少地”,表示“恐惧快速消散”,符合语境,因此用less。 41.disasters 42.safe 43.danger 44.calm 45.rules 46.falling 47.protect 48.help 49.us 50.peaceful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大自然可能带来灾难,我们需学会在灾难中保持安全,包括在危险时保持冷静、学习安全规则、知道如何保护自己、灾难后互相帮助等,强调记住这些规则对远离危险和过上更安全生活的重要性。 41.句意:大自然可能会发怒,给我们带来灾难。根据“Nature can be angry”可知大自然发怒会带来不好的事情,结合所给词,“disaster”表示“灾难”,是可数名词,此处应用复数形式“disasters”表示泛指。 42.句意:我们必须学会保证安全。“keep + 形容词”表示“保持某种状态”,结合前文提到大自然会带来灾难,可知这里要表达学会保持安全,“safe”是形容词,意为“安全的”,符合语境。 43.句意:当我们处于危险中时,首先要保持冷静。“be in + 名词”表示“处于某种状态”,根据后文“Don’t run here and there.”可知不要到处跑,说明是处于危险中,“dangerous”是形容词,其名词形式“danger”表示“危险”,“be in danger”表示“处于危险中”,符合语境。 44.句意:当我们处于危险中时,首先要保持冷静。根据“Don’t run here and there.”可知不要到处跑,结合常识可知在危险时要保持冷静,“stay”是系动词,后接形容词作表语,“calm”是形容词,意为“冷静的”,符合语境。 45.句意:我们应该学习一些安全规则。“safety rules”表示“安全规则”,结合所给词,“rule”表示“规则”,是可数名词,此处应用复数形式“rules”表示泛指。 46.句意:例如,远离正在倒下的树木和建筑物。根据“stay away from”可知要远离某种事物,结合常识可知在灾难中要远离正在倒下的树木和建筑物,“fall”表示“倒下”,此处应用现在分词“falling”作定语修饰“trees and buildings”,表示“正在倒下的”。 47.句意:我们应该知道如何保护自己。“how to do sth.”表示“如何做某事”,结合语境可知在灾难中要知道如何保护自己,“protect”表示“保护”,符合语境,应用原形。 48.句意:灾难过后,我们应该互相帮助。根据“each other”可知是互相做某事,结合语境可知灾难过后要互相帮助,“help”表示“帮助”,符合语境,“should”是情态动词,后接动词原形。 49.句意:对我们来说记住这些规则以远离危险并过上更安全的生活是很重要的。“for”是介词,后接人称代词宾格作宾语,结合所给词,“we”的宾格是“us”,表示“我们”,符合语境。 50.句意:对我们来说记住这些规则以远离危险并过上安稳的生活是很重要的。根据“live a...life”以及所给词可知,这里说的是过上安稳的生活,“peaceful”表示“安稳的,平静的”,符合语境。 51.storm 52.adapt 53.measures 54.save 55.future 56.transport 57.projects 58.nature 59.cover 60.temper 【导语】本文主要介绍面对自然的威力,人类应采取积极措施适应环境、保护生态,并最终实现与自然的和谐共生。 51.句意:当一场风暴来临时,强风和暴雨展现了它狂暴的脾气。根据后文“strong wind and heavy rain”这一典型天气现象,可知此处应填表示“暴风雨”的名词,不定冠词a后接可数名词单数,所以用storm。 52.句意:为了应对自然的脾气,我们需要适应不断变化的环境。adapt to意为“适应……”,符合句意“我们需要适应变化的环境”,前面是need to,to后接动词原形,所以填adapt。 53.句意:我们应该采取一些措施来保护自己和自然。take measures意为“采取措施”。且some后接可数名词复数,故必须用复数形式measures。 54.句意:例如,我们可以种更多的树并节约资源。save resources意为“节约资源”,符合环保主题。与plant more trees并列,都是保护自然的措施。can是情态动词,后接动词原形,所以填save。 55.句意:在未来,我们将建立更多生态友好的交通系统。in the future意为“在未来”,所以填future。 56.句意:在未来,我们将建立更多生态友好的交通系统。transport systems表示“交通系统”,符合语境,所以填transport。 57.句意:科学家们也在致力于新的项目以预防自然灾害。科学家们致力于新的项目来预防自然灾害,project是可数名词,这里要用复数形式projects,所以填projects。 58.句意:我们周围的自然既美丽又有时危险。前文一直在围绕自然展开,这里说我们周围的自然既美丽又危险,所以填nature。 59.句意:我们应该覆盖土壤以防止侵蚀。cover the soil表示“覆盖土壤”,可以防止土壤侵蚀,should是情态动词,后面接动词原形,所以填cover。 60.句意:我们需要理解自然的脾气,并与之和谐共处。文章开头提到“Nature has its own temper”,这里表示我们要了解自然的脾气,与自然和谐相处,所以填temper。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $