清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(抢分清单)2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

2026-04-27
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 名词,代词,数词,主谓一致
使用场景 中考复习-三轮冲刺
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 2.37 MB
发布时间 2026-04-27
更新时间 2026-04-27
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 上好课·冲刺讲练测
审核时间 2026-04-27
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价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

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清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致 核心考点建构+语法知识查漏+中考真题回顾 一、名词 一、名词的数 名词有可数名词与不可数名词两大类。物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词。个体名词和集合名词为可数名词,有单数和复数之分,复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。 ◆可数名词 1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化表: 情况 构成方法 读音 示例 一般情况 加s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/ 在t后读/ts/ 在d后读/dz/ cake→cakes game→games hour→hours pet→pets card→cards 以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词 加es 读/Ιz/ bus→buses box→boxes brush→brushes peach→peaches 以字母f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加es 读/vz/ wife→wives knife→knives wolf→wolves thief→thieves shelf→shelves life→lives half→halves leaf→leaves 以字母o结尾的词 在初中阶段有三个加es 读/z/ hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes 其余加s 读/z/ zoo→zoos photo→photos 以辅音字母 + y结尾的词 先变y为i,再加es 读/Ιz/ baby→babies story→stories 以元音字母 + y结尾的词 加s 读/z/ boy→boys monkey→monkeys 名词复数有规律,一般词尾加­s;辅音字母+y型,变y为i加­es; ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加­es;f,fe真小气,字母v来把它替,­es在后别忘记; 字母o真神奇,有生命加­es,没有生命加­s。 2. 不规则变化: man → men woman → women foot → feet tooth → teeth fish → fish sheep→sheep deer → deer Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese mouse → mice child → children ①名词修饰名词时,若前面的名词是man,woman,变复数时,两个名词都要变成复数形式;否则只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如: woman doctor → women doctors 女医生 girl student → girl students 女学生 ②有些以f或ef结尾的词直接加­s变成复数。如: roof → roofs 屋顶 belief → beliefs 信仰 proof → proofs 证据 3. 集合名词 常见的集合名词分为两类: (1)形式为单数,但意义可以为单数也可以为复数。如: family,team,group,class等。它们作主语时,如果强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的每一个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The team is built around a core group of players. 这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。 The Olympic team were given a warm welcome on their return home. 奥运代表队回国时受到了热烈欢迎。 (2)形式为单数,但意义永远为复数。如: people,police等,这类词只有单数形式,但表示复数意义,不与a/an连用,但可与the连用,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: Some people don’t know when they’re well off. 有些人身在福中不知福。 The police are also looking for a second car.警方也在寻找另一辆车。 4. 常以复数形式出现的名词 这类名词有: noodles(面条),shoes(鞋子),socks(短袜)等。 ◆不可数名词 1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。没有复数形式,不与a/an和数词连用。如:   类别 示例 物质名词 饮食 milk water tea honey yogurt beef salt rice butter bread meat coffee 材料 metal silk oil paper glass gold cotton wool 自然 air wind light sunshine rain snow  ice weather smoke 抽象名词 其他 beauty wealth music knowledge practice energy pleasure patience courage trust truth happiness friendship love failure 2. 不可数名词量的表示 情况 方法 示例 具体的量 数词 + 表数量的名词 + of + 不可数名词 three glasses of milk two bottles of water 大概的量 表示量的限定词 + 不可数名词 some money a lot of time 3. 有些词既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。如: 名词 可数 不可数 experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作 time 次数;倍数 时间 paper 报纸;试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 4. 限定词与名词的连用规则: 只与可数名词连用 只跟单数 one,each,every 只跟复数 数字(除one),both,a few,few,many,several 只与不可数名词连用 a little,little,much,a great deal of 可数名词与不可数名词均可连用 some,any,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,more,most 5. 有些名词加­s后意义有所不同。如: manner 方式,方法 manners 礼貌;礼仪 time 时间 times 时代 good 善行;益处 goods 货物 wood 木头,木材 woods 森林 custom 风俗 customs 海关 二、名词所有格 类别 构成方法 示例 有生命的单数名词 词尾加 ’s Tom’s dictionary my father’s car 有生命的复数名词 以s结尾的加 ’ his grandparents’ garden teachers’ office 不以s结尾的加’s Children’s Day the children’s food 表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加’s an hour’s bus ride a day’s leave 复数加’ two days’ work 表示两个或多个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Lily and Lucy’s room 表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加’s Bob’s and Tim’s books 2. of所有格 of所有格主要用于无生命的名词,有时也用于人或有生命的名词,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如: the window of the house 房子的窗户 the name of the brave young man 这个勇敢的年轻人的名字 3. 双重所有格 双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式: (1)of + ­’s所有格。如: a work of Peter’s Peter的一部作品 (2)of + 名词性物主代词。如: a nice dress of mine 我的一件漂亮的连衣裙 部分名词的所有格不用­’s或of所有格表示,而是用to表示。如: the key to the door 门的钥匙 the way to the zoo 到动物园的路 一、名词 1.可数与不可数的“两幅面孔” 易错点:误以为所有抽象名词都不可数,或误以为中英文对应的名词数概念相同。 点拨: 经验 (experience):当“经验”讲时不可数(a lot of experience);当“经历”讲时可数(a wonderful experience)。 2.不规则复数形式 易错点:习惯性加-s,或混淆特殊变化。 点拨: 单复同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese(a sheep → two sheep)。 变内部元音:man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice。 3.名词所有格的‘s与of转换 易错点:无生命的事物误用‘s,或两者并列时只加一个。 点拨: 有生命的用‘s(my mother’s bag);无生命的通常用of(the window of the room)。 2、 代词 用来代替名词、名词性短语或分句的词叫代词。代词按其意义、特征及语法功能,可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、普通不定代词、复合不定代词和疑问代词。 人称代词 (一)人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格;在动词或介词后作宾语时用宾格;在be动词后作表语时用宾格。如: They walked back together. 他们一起走回去。(主语) Most of us use public transport to get to work. 我们大多数人都乘公共交通工具上班。(宾语) —Who is the boy in the photo? 照片中的男孩是谁? —It is me. 是我。(表语) (二)人称代词并列作主语时,顺序是: 单数形式(二、三、一)you,he and I 复数形式(一、二、三)we,you and they 如: You, he and I are asked to attend the party. 你、我、他都被邀请参加这个宴会。 We, you and they all love chatting on the Internet. 我们、你们和他们都喜欢在网上聊天。 物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。其用法如下: 类别 作用 例句 形容词性物主代词 作定语 After his death, nothing seemed to matter any more. 他死了以后,好像一切都无所谓了。 和own连用,表示“……自己的” Our children have grown up and they have their own children. 我们的子女都已长大成人,有了自己的孩子。 名词性物主代词 作主语 That car is Jack’s. Mine is parked by the roadside. 那辆车是Jack的,我的车停在路边了。 作宾语 Tom’s bike is broken. He is using yours. Tom的自行车坏了,他现在在用你的。 作表语 The house is ours.这个房子是我们的。 ①形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,修饰名词,不单独使用。 ②名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。 反身代词 (一)反身代词是表示“某人自己”的代词,不能单独作主语。 其用法如下: 作用 习惯用法 例句 作宾语(当主语和宾语是同一人或物时,宾语用反身代词) 作动词宾语 I asked myself what I would do in such a situation. 我问自己在这种情况下我会怎么做。 作介词宾语 We should depend on ourselves to finish the job.我们应该靠自己去完成这项任务。 作同位语 放在名词或代词后表示强调 Did you see the manager himself?你见到经理本人了吗? (二)反身代词的固定搭配 反身代词相关的短语见下表: 短语 意义 help oneself to 自取;自用;自助 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 lose oneself 迷失方向;专心于 say to oneself 自言自语 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服 come to oneself 恢复;苏醒 think to oneself 暗自思考 keep… to oneself 保密 teach oneself/learn by oneself 自学 make oneself at home 别拘束 指示代词 常见的指示代词主要有:this/these/that/those/one/it。 1.this/these/that/those (1)this/these表近指;that/those表远指,也常用于比较结构,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复。如:  These are my sisters and those are my brothers. 这些是我的姐妹;那些是我的兄弟。  I had a cold yesterday. That is why I didn’t come. 我昨天感冒了。那就是我没来的原因。  The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Heilongjiang. 上海的天气比黑龙江的天气好。  The coats in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 这家商店的外套比那家商店的外套贵。 (2)在电话用语中,this指代自己,that指代对方。如:  -Hello! This is Jim. Who’s that? 喂,我是吉姆。你是哪位?  -Hey, Jim. This is Jack. 嘿,吉姆。我是杰克。 2.it/one/that (1)it指代上文中提到的同一事物,即同类同物。如:  I have a new bike. My father bought it yesterday. 我有一辆新的自行车。我爸爸昨天买的。 (2)one表泛指,指代上文提到的同类中的任何一个,即同类不同物,相当于a/an+名词。如:  I didn’t bring my pens today. Can you lend me one? 我今天没带钢笔。你能借我一支吗? (3)that指代上文提到过的那个名词。如:  The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 【拓展】it的特殊用法 1.it作形式主语的句型 ①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……  It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。 ②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……  It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。 ③It’s +adj.+that从句  It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。 ④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句  It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。 ⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。  It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。 ⑥It is+done+that从句。如:  It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……  It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知…… 2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:  I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 不定代词 (1)普通不定代词 1.both/neither/either/all/none ★都常与of连用,除none仅作代词外,前四个词既可作代词,又可作限定词修饰名词。 ①both意为“两者都”,修饰或指代复数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ②neither意为“两者都不”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 ③either意为“两者中任何一个”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④all意为“全体,一切”,修饰或指代复数可数名词或不可数名词,指三者或三者以上的所有人或物。作主语时,谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。 ⑤none意为“没有一个,全无”,指代人或物,常用搭配none of。既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数。 2.few/a few/little/a little ①a few/a little意为“少量的,一些”,a few修饰或指代可数名词,a little修饰或指代不可数名词。 ②few/little意为“几乎没有”,few修饰或指代可数名词,little修饰或指代不可数名词。 3.each/every ①each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,强调个体,可用作形容词或代词。 ②every指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,强调整体,只可作形容词,不可单独使用。 ③each/every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④each可与of连用,every不可与of连用。 4.some/any ①some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”。 ②some主要用在肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,要用some。如: I could not answer any of her questions. 我无法回答她的任何问题。 Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗? Would you like some oranges? 你想要些橙子吗? 5.many/much ①两者都意为“许多,大量”。 ②many修饰或指代可数名词;much修饰或指代不可数名词。 6.another/other/the other/others/the others 用法 例句 other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗? (2)复合不定代词 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。如: He thinks himself somebody, but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物,但我们觉得他什么也不是。 疑问代词 特殊疑问词用来构成特殊疑问句。 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 对人提问,多作主语 Who could forget his speech at last year’s party?谁能忘记他去年在聚会上的讲话呢? whom 谁 对人提问,用作宾语 Whom did he expect to answer his phone?他希望由谁来接电话? whose 谁的 对名词所有格和物主代词进行提问 Whose side are you on?你支持哪一方的观点? what 什么 对物提问 What will the cities of the future look like?未来的城市会是什么样子呢? which 哪个 对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问 Which is better exercise ─ swimming or tennis?游泳和网球,哪种运动比较好? 1.人称代词的主宾格混淆 易错点:在动介词后或比较级句中误用主格。 2.物主代词中形代与名代的混淆 易错点:忘记“名代(名词性物主代词)后面不跟名词”。 点拨: 形代(my/your/his/her)+ 名词:This is my pen. 名代(mine/yours/his/hers)单独使用:This pen is mine. 3.三者及以上:all(全部,肯定),none(全都不,否定)。 3、 数词及主谓一致 数词 1.基数词的构成 (1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。 (2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。 (3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。 20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。 (4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。 48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。 (5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。 156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。 (6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。 3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five; 基数词主要表示具体的数量、时间、年龄等。常见的用法有以下几种: 1. 表示数量的多少。如: There are forty­five students in the classroom. 教室里有45名学生。 2. 表示年份和年龄。如: He was born in 2009. 他出生于2009年。 We have lived in the same house for twenty years. 我们在同一座房子里住了二十年了。 3. 表示时刻。如: Wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 明天早晨6点钟叫醒我。 4. 表示编号。由“单数名词 + 基数词”构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常都大写。如: Class Three 三班 Room 505 505号房间 Lesson Ten 第十课 5. (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion与one,two,three等具体数字连用时用单数形式。如: There are two hundred students there. 那里有二百名学生。 (2)hundreds of(数以百计的,成百上千的),thousands of(数以千计的,成千上万的),millions of(数以百万计的)。如: Hundreds of people were unable to gain admittance to the hall. 数以百计的人未能获准进入大厅。 6. “in+one’s + 整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人……多岁时”。如: Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately. 狄更斯三十出头时开始写小说,几乎一举成名。 ①在“基数词 + 名词 + 形容词”组成的定语(也被称为复合形容词)中,名词用单数形式。如: a ten­metre­deep hole 一个十米深的洞 ②数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等的名词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Nearly two years has passed since I became a middle school student. 从我成为一名中学生到现在已经快两年了。 基数词变序数词 (1)序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh, sixteen→ sixteenth等。 (2)整十的数字变序数词,先将词尾y改为i,再加­eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。 3.非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。 4.少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。 如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth 5.first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。 以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”:4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。 6.序数词前通常要用定冠词,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词。如: My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。 序数词是表示顺序的词。基数词变序数词的特殊变化有: one→first; two→second; three→third; five→fifth; eight→eighth; nine→ninth; twelve→twelfth。序数词的常见用法如下: 1. 序数词前加定冠词the,表示“第……”,后通常接单数名词。如: The first group is larger than the second. 第一组比第二组大。 2. 序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“再……,又……”。如: He failed once. Then he tried a second time. 他失败了一次。然后他又试了一次。 3. 当序数词与形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用时,前面不用定冠词。如: My friend Paul will never forget his first chemistry teacher. 我的朋友Paul永远不会忘记他的第一位化学老师。 分数的用法 1. 分数的构成 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。如: 三分之一 one third;五分之二 two fifths。 2. 主谓一致 谓语动词的数与分数后的名词保持一致。名词是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;名词是单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如: About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting. 大约三分之二的学生将参加会议。 Four fifths of the juice is orange. It is pure. 五分之四的果汁是橙汁。非常纯。 3. quarter,half和percent的用法 四分之一通常用a/one quarter来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词 + percent”来表示,如: 30%可以表达为“30 percent”。 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. · A sad movie makes me cry. · Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 2. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both...and连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 · The class is more than fifty students.(class指班级) · Generally speaking, the disable need more help. · Someone is knocking at the door. 3. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 · There is an apple and two pears on the table. · There are two pears and an apple on the table. 主谓一致情况 1. 谓语动词用单数 (1) 不可数名词作主语时 · Water is very important for humans. (2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 · Eight hours of sleep is enough . (3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 · Each of the students has a dictionary. (4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 · Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. (5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 · Very little has been done about it. (6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 · Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. (7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 · One of these notebooks is mine. (8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 · Physics is not his strong point. · China is a developing country. 2. 谓语动词用复数 (1) 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 · Both of my sisters are teachers. (2) “the+形容词”表示一类人(如:the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等)作主语时 · The young are full of energy. (3) “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 · The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. (4) 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 · The Olympic Games are held once every four years. · The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. (5) 只有复数概念的集体名词(people, police, cattle等)作主语时 · These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. · Police are hunting the criminal. 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 (1) 主语为某些集体名词(如:family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等)时 1  看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数 · His family has moved into the new house. · The public was convinced of his innocence. 2  看作其中的成员,谓语动词用复数 · The class are busy cleaning the classroom. · The audience were deeply moved by the plot. (2) 主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时 1  主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数 · All of the players want to win the game. · I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. 2  主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数 · All of the work has been finished. · Most of the food tastes delicious. (3) 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时,谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 · The rest of the food is eaten by him. · The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. (4) 主语为none时 1  表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数 · She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. · None have arrived here yet. 2  表示单数意义或代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数 · We need to buy some milk, because none is left. · None is as tall as Tom. (5) 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数,如:trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 1  前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词,通常视为复数,谓语动词用 复数形式; · My glasses are broken. · His trousers have worn out. 2  若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 · A pair of pants is on his bed. · Three pairs of trousers are enough. (6) and连接并列主语时 1  并列主语表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数 · Lily and Grace are good friends. · A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 2  并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时,谓语动词用单数 · A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. · The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. · Bread and butter is his favorite food. (7) “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · There is a bank and two shops on this road. · There are two shops and a bank on this road. (8) 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. · Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. (9) 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语,或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时,其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. (10) 非谓语动词作主语 1  单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2  如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示不同概念,谓语动词用复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1  先行词是单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数;先行词是复数时,从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2  “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时,从句的谓语动词用复数;“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时,从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 数词 1.hundred/thousand/million 的“有无s”规则 易错点:与具体数字连用时误加-s,或表示约数时漏掉-s和of。 2.序数词前的冠词使用 易错点:误以为序数词前永远用the,或者不知道什么时候用a/an。 点拨: 表示顺序/唯一:用 the(the first person, the second floor)。 表示“又一,再一”(在原有基础上增加):用 a/an。如:He failed twice, but wants to try a third time. (想再试一次,并非指第三次这个顺序) 主谓一致 There be 句型中的就近原则 易错点:只看最前面的名词单复数,忽略后面的主语。 点拨:There be 后若跟多个并列主语,be动词由离它最近的那个主语决定。 with/together with/as well as 的“就远原则” 易错点:误以为这些词连接的主语是复数,把谓语动词用成复数形式。 点拨:当主语后跟 with, along with, together with, as well as, like, except 等词时,谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as the students is going to the museum. (主语是 the teacher,单数) A number of vs The number of 易错点:两者都接复数名词,但谓语动词单复数弄反。 点拨: A number of(一些/许多):+ 复数名词 + 复数动词。→ A number of students are playing. The number of(……的数量):+ 复数名词 + 单数动词。→ The number of students is 50. 1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)In China, people usually have a dragon boat race to celebrate the ________. A.Spring Festival B.Lantern Festival C.Mid-Autumn Festival D.Dragon Boat Festival 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在中国,人们通常会举行龙舟赛来庆祝端午节。 考查专有名词。Spring Festival春节;Lantern Festival元宵节;Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节;Dragon Boat Festival端午节。根据“dragon boat race”以及常识可知,龙舟赛是端午节的标志性活动。故选D。 2.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)They all think my eyes look bigger than ________. A.my brother B.my brothers C.my brother’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他们都认为我的眼睛比我哥哥的大。 考查名词所有格。根据“my eyes look bigger than”可知我的眼睛比哥哥的眼睛大,故此处用名词所有格my brother’s,表示“我哥哥的眼睛”。故选C。 3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded on ________ 1, 1921. A.July B.August C.September D.October 【答案】A 【详解】句意:中国共产党成立于1921年7月1日。 考查名词辨析。July七月;August八月;September九月;October十月。根据常识可知,中国共产党成立于1921年7月1日。故选A。 4.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________. A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——谁把笔记本落在英语俱乐部了?——它不是我的,可能是杰克的。 考查代词辨析和名词所有格。me我,人称代词宾格;mine我的,名词性物主代词;Jack’s杰克的;Jack杰克。根据“It’s not”可知,第一空需用名词性物主代词mine作表语,表示“笔记本不是我的”,故排除选项A;根据“Maybe it’s”可知,此处表示“可能是杰克的”,故第二空用“Jack’s”(= Jack’s notebook)表示所属关系。故选B。 5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你最喜欢的工作日是哪一天,Frank?——星期五,因为第二天是星期六。然后我可以休息一下。 考查名词辨析。Monday星期一;Friday星期五;Sunday星期日。根据“because the next day is Saturday.”可知,Frank最喜欢的工作日是星期五。故选B。 6.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station. A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Eric和Helen的爸爸在警察局工作。 考查名词所有格。此空修饰名词father,应用名词所有格,排除B选项;father是单数,此处表示两个人共同的父亲,在最后一个人名后加’s,故选A。 7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:中国历史上有许多著名的女英雄。 考查名词复数。含有woman修饰名词时,变为复数时,需要将woman和所修饰词一起变为复数;hero的复数是heroes,因此women heroes符合句意,故选B。 8.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—My head feels very hot. What should I do? —You should take your temperature to see if you have a ________. A.fever B.toothache C.cough 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我的头感觉很热。我该怎么办?——你应该量一下体温,看看你是否发烧了。考查名词辨析。fever发烧;toothache牙疼;cough咳嗽。根据“My head feels very hot”和“take your temperature”可知,量体温是为了检查是否发烧。故选A。 9.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)Those students always study and exercise together. They have a close ________ with each other. A.relationship B.scholarship C.imagination D.instruction 【答案】A 【详解】句意:那些学生总是一起学习和锻炼。他们彼此之间有着密切的关系。 考查名词辨析。relationship关系;scholarship奖学金;imagination想象力;instruction指示。根据“Those students always study and exercise together.”可知,一起学习和锻炼的学生之间关系密切,故选A。 10.(2025·西藏·中考真题)It rained heavily last night and there is too much ________ on the street now. A.snow B.leaves C.water D.cars 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨晚雨下得很大,现在街上有太多水了。 考查名词辨析。snow雪;leaves树叶;water水;cars汽车。根据“It rained heavily last night”可知,下雨会导致街上有水,故选C。 11.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—Is there ________ who wants to take part in the singing competition? —Lisa. She is good at singing. A.anyone B.anything C.someone D.something 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——有谁想参加歌唱比赛吗?——丽萨。她擅长唱歌。 anyone任何人;anything任何事;someone某人;something某事。根据“Is there...who wants to take part in the singing competition?”,此处询问是否有人想参加歌唱比赛,疑问句中应用anyone。 12.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)Welcome, Jane. Come in and sit down. Make ________ at home. A.myself B.himself C.herself D.yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意:欢迎你,简。进来坐下吧,别拘束。 考查代词辨析。myself我自己;himself他自己;herself她自己;yourself你自己。英语中有固定短语make oneself at home,意为“别拘束、像在自己家一样”,此处是对Jane直接说话,是祈使句,要用第二人称的反身代词yourself。故选D。 13.(2023·四川广元·中考真题)—I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Milk is OK. A.Both B.Neither C.All D.Either 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我想点些喝的。你想要什么,咖啡还是茶?——都不要。牛奶就行。 考查代词辨析。both两者都;neither两者都不;all全都;either两者之一。根据“What would you like, coffee or tea?”以及“Milk is OK.”可知咖啡和茶都不要,neither符合。故选B。 14.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—We have worked very hard over the past three years, but ________ of us did it alone. —Yes, you’re supposed to be thankful to those who helped and supported you. A.none B.all C.nobody 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——我们在过去的三年里非常努力,但我们中没有一个人是独自完成的。——是的,你应该感谢那些帮助和支持你的人。考查代词辨析。none没有一个人;all全部;nobody没有人,通常不用于of us结构。根据“We have worked very hard over the past three years, but ... of us did it alone.”可知,前半句肯定努力,但转折后强调无人独自完成,需用否定代词。故选A。 15.(2025·海南·中考真题)My classmates and I took________ seats, and waited for the graduation speech. A.their B.my C.our 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我和同学们坐在座位上,等待着毕业演讲。 考查代词辨析。their他们的;my我的;our我们的。主语“My classmates and I”为第一人称复数概念,代词需与之保持一致,our符合语境。故选C。 16.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)The documentary Return tells ________ the story of many scientists in the 1950s. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 【答案】B 【详解】句意:纪录片《归来》向我们讲述了20世纪50年代许多科学家的故事。 考查代词辨析。we我们(主格);us我们(宾格);our我们的(形容词性物主代词);ours我们的(名词性物主代词)。空处作tells的宾语,所以用宾格形式,故选B。 17.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Namucuo Lake attracts (吸引) visitors by ________ colors. A.its B.they C.it’s D.they’re 【答案】A 【详解】句意:纳木措湖以其色彩吸引着游客。 考查代词辨析。its它的;they它们;it’s它是;they’re它们是。根据“…by…colors”可知,此处指的是纳木措湖的颜色,所以应用its,作定语修饰colors。故选A。 18.(2025·湖南益阳·中考真题)—Who’s your English teacher? —Miss Gao. She teaches ________ English very well. A.our B.we C.ours D.us 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你的英语老师是谁?——高老师。她教我们英语教得很好。 考查代词辨析。our我们的,形容词性物主代词;we我们,主格代词;ours我们的,名词性物主代词;us我们,宾格代词。teach教,动词,后面需接宾格代词作宾语,所以此处应用us。故选D。 19.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)The girl is my classmate. ________ is kind and helpful. A.He B.She C.They D.You 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个女孩是我的同学。她很善良,乐于助人。 考查代词辨析。He 他;She 她;They 他们;You你。根据上文“The girl is my classmate”这个女孩是我的同学;可知此处用she指代上文的“The girl”。故选B。 20.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)But I can’t promise you ________. You’ll have to try it yourself. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:但我不能向你承诺任何事。你得自己试试。 考查不定代词辨析。something某事、某物;anything任何事、任何物;everything每件事;nothing没有什么。根据“can’t”及“You’ll have to try it yourself.”可知,此处应用anything,符合否定句中用anything的语法规则,且语义上表示“不能保证任何事”。故选B。 21.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)I’ve made ________ drink less coffee, but it doesn’t work. What shall I do? A.ourselves B.us C.myself D.me 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我已经让自己少喝咖啡,但这没有用。我该怎么办?  考查代词辨析。ourselves我们自己;us我们;myself我自己;me我。根据句意“我已经让……少喝咖啡”可知,主语和宾语为同一人,应使用反身代词表示“我自己”。故选C。 22.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)Paper-cutting is my favorite. ________ is more interesting than it. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意:剪纸是我的最爱。没有什么比它更有趣了。考查代词辨析。Something某事;Anything任何事;Nothing无事;Everything一切。根据“Paper-cutting is my favorite. ... is more interesting than it.”可知,没有什么比剪纸更有趣了。故选C。 23.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I left my Chinese book at home today. Simon shared ______ with me. A.he B.his C.him D.himself 【答案】B 【详解】句意:今天我把语文书忘在家里了。西蒙和我分享了他的(语文书)。 考查代词辨析。he他(主格);his他的(形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词);him他(宾格);himself他自己(反身代词)。根据“Simon shared...with me.”可知,此处指西蒙和我分享了他的语文书,应填名词性物主代词his,指代“西蒙的语文书”。故选B。 24.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)Every time you are in trouble, you should always say to ________, “Come on, I can do it” A.you B.me C.myself D.yourself 【答案】D 【详解】句意:每当你遇到困难时,你应该对自己说:“加油,我能行的。”考查代词辨析。you你;me我;myself我自己;yourself你自己。根据“you should always say to...”及“Come on, I can do it”可知,此处指对你自己说,要用you的反身代词yourself。故选D。 25.(2025·四川乐山·中考真题)—What a pity! I left my computer at home. —Don’t worry. I brought ________ with me. We can share. A.one B.it C.this 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——太可惜了!我把电脑忘在家里了。——别担心。我带了一个。我们可以共用。考查代词辨析。one一个;it它;this这个。根据“I brought...with me”可知此处指带了一台电脑,同类不同物,用代词one。故选A。 26.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Four and seven is ________. A.ten B.eleven C.twelve D.thirteen 【答案】B 【详解】句意:四加七等于十一。考查数词和数字运算。ten十;eleven十一;twelve十二;thirteen十三。根据“Four and seven is”可知,四加七等于十一,故选B。 27.(2025·四川凉山·中考真题)David will celebrate his ________ birthday soon. He will reach “the year of erli”. A.thirtieth B.fortieth C.fiftieth 【答案】A 【详解】句意:大卫很快就要庆祝他的三十岁生日了。他将到达“而立之年”。考查序数词。thirtieth第三十;fortieth第四十;fiftieth第五十。根据“He will reach “the year of erli”.”可知,而立之年是三十岁。故选A。 28.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time. A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昆明的天气非常舒适,我已经去过那里三次。如果可能的话,我还想再去第四次。考查数词。three三,基数词;third第三,序数词;four四,基数词;fourth第四,序数词。第一空后是复数名词times,需要用基数词,排除BD;第二空后是单数名词time,需要用序数词,排除C。故选A。 29.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)My old grandfather is in his ________, but he can still do some gardening and look after himself well. A.nineteen B.ninety C.ninetieth D.nineties 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我的老爷爷九十多岁了,但他仍然能做些园艺并照顾好自己。考查年龄表达法。nineteen十九;ninety九十;ninetieth第九十;nineties九十几。表示“某人几十多岁”用“in one’s + 整十基数词的复数形式”。故选D。 30.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)It’s well known that December is the ________ month of a year. A.twelve B.twelfth C.twelveth 【答案】B 【详解】句意:众所周知,十二月是一年中的第十二个月。考查序数词。twelve十二;twelfth第十二。根据“December is the...month of a year”可知十二月是一年中的第十二个月,此处表示顺序用序数词twelfth。故选B。 31.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ________ girls. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 【答案】B 【详解】句意:艺术俱乐部有30名学生。三分之一是男孩。所以,这个俱乐部有20个女孩。 考查数词。根据“There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys.”可知,艺术俱乐部有30名学生,三分之一是男孩,剩余20人是女孩,故选B。 32.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—When are you going on holiday? —I’m not sure, perhaps the ________ week in July. A.two B.second C.twice 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你什么时候去度假?——我不确定,可能是七月的第二周。 考查数词。two二;second第二;twice两次。根据“perhaps the...week in July.”可知,此处表示七月的第二周,表示顺序,需用序数词second。故选B。 33.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)Robot dogs ________ to collect rubbish on Mount Taishan in Shandong province. A.use B.uses C.is used D.are used 【答案】D 【详解】句意:机器狗被用来在山东省泰山收集垃圾。主语Robot dogs是复数,且与动词use之间是被动关系,表示“被用来”,应用一般现在时的被动语态are used。A、B 项为主动语态,C项be动词为单数,均不符合。 34.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A.is B.was C.are D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这周末去爬东华山怎么样?——听起来不错。那么一双舒适的运动鞋是必要的。考查主谓一致和时态。根据“How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend”可知,此处需要用一般现在时表客观事实,排除BD;题干中“a pair of comfortable sports shoes”是单数主语(核心词是pair),需用单数谓语动词is。故选A。 35.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A.is B.are C.was D.were 【答案】B 【详解】句意: 我的房间里有一些花,我经常给它们浇水。考查There be句型。根据“some flowers”可知,主语为复数形式,因此be动词应用复数形式;又根据“I often water them.”可知,句子描述的是现在的状态,时态为一般现在时,应用are。故选B。 36.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A.is; them B.are; them C.are; it 【答案】A 【详解】句意:购物清单上没有酸奶也没有西红柿。我们需要把它们加到沙拉里。 考查there be和代词辨析。there be句型遵循就近原则,yogurt是不可数名词,be动词用is;them它们;it它。空处指代酸奶和西红柿,应用them。故选A。 37.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A.is going B.are going C.goes 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我妈妈和她的学生下周要去养老院参加志愿者活动。 考查时态和主谓一致。根据“next week”可知句子用一般将来时be going to,with连接的成分作主语时,遵循就远原则,根据“My mother”可知be动词用is。故选A。 38.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A.is B.was C.are D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:看!桌子上有一个笔记本和三把钥匙。 考查there be和时态。根据“Look!”可知,句子是一般现在时;there be遵循就近原则,离be动词最近的主语是a notebook,应用is。故选A。 39.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A.is B.are C.have D.has 【答案】B 【详解】句意:对智能技术有不同的看法。你觉得怎么样?考查there be结构。此处是there be结构,表示“有”,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故选B。 40.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)—How many doctors are there in your hospital, Peter? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A.The number of; is B.A number of; are C.A number of; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——彼得,你们医院有多少医生?——他们的数量超过了一百。 考查主谓一致。The number of……的数量,作主语时为单数;A number of一些,修饰名词,作主语时为复数。由“over one hundred”可知,此处表示数量,故用The number of,谓语用第三人称单数is。故选A。 试卷第1页,共3页 1 / 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致 核心考点建构+语法知识查漏+中考真题回顾 一、名词 一、名词的数 名词有可数名词与不可数名词两大类。物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词。个体名词和集合名词为可数名词,有单数和复数之分,复数的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化。 ◆可数名词 1. 可数名词复数形式的规则变化表: 情况 构成方法 读音 示例 一般情况 加s 在清辅音后读/s/ 在浊辅音、元音后读/z/ 在t后读/ts/ 在d后读/dz/ cake→cakes game→games hour→hours pet→pets card→cards 以字母s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词 加es 读/Ιz/ bus→buses box→boxes brush→brushes peach→peaches 以字母f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v再加es 读/vz/ wife→wives knife→knives wolf→wolves thief→thieves shelf→shelves life→lives half→halves leaf→leaves 以字母o结尾的词 在初中阶段有三个加es 读/z/ hero→heroes tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes 其余加s 读/z/ zoo→zoos photo→photos 以辅音字母 + y结尾的词 先变y为i,再加es 读/Ιz/ baby→babies story→stories 以元音字母 + y结尾的词 加s 读/z/ boy→boys monkey→monkeys 名词复数有规律,一般词尾加­s;辅音字母+y型,变y为i加­es; ch,sh,s,x真有趣,全部都加­es;f,fe真小气,字母v来把它替,­es在后别忘记; 字母o真神奇,有生命加­es,没有生命加­s。 2. 不规则变化: man → men woman → women foot → feet tooth → teeth fish → fish sheep→sheep deer → deer Chinese → Chinese Japanese → Japanese mouse → mice child → children ①名词修饰名词时,若前面的名词是man,woman,变复数时,两个名词都要变成复数形式;否则只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。如: woman doctor → women doctors 女医生 girl student → girl students 女学生 ②有些以f或ef结尾的词直接加­s变成复数。如: roof → roofs 屋顶 belief → beliefs 信仰 proof → proofs 证据 3. 集合名词 常见的集合名词分为两类: (1)形式为单数,但意义可以为单数也可以为复数。如: family,team,group,class等。它们作主语时,如果强调一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调集体中的每一个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The team is built around a core group of players. 这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。 The Olympic team were given a warm welcome on their return home. 奥运代表队回国时受到了热烈欢迎。 (2)形式为单数,但意义永远为复数。如: people,police等,这类词只有单数形式,但表示复数意义,不与a/an连用,但可与the连用,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: Some people don’t know when they’re well off. 有些人身在福中不知福。 The police are also looking for a second car.警方也在寻找另一辆车。 4. 常以复数形式出现的名词 这类名词有: noodles(面条),shoes(鞋子),socks(短袜)等。 ◆不可数名词 1. 不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词。没有复数形式,不与a/an和数词连用。如:   类别 示例 物质名词 饮食 milk water tea honey yogurt beef salt rice butter bread meat coffee 材料 metal silk oil paper glass gold cotton wool 自然 air wind light sunshine rain snow  ice weather smoke 抽象名词 其他 beauty wealth music knowledge practice energy pleasure patience courage trust truth happiness friendship love failure 2. 不可数名词量的表示 情况 方法 示例 具体的量 数词 + 表数量的名词 + of + 不可数名词 three glasses of milk two bottles of water 大概的量 表示量的限定词 + 不可数名词 some money a lot of time 3. 有些词既可以作可数名词也可以作不可数名词。如: 名词 可数 不可数 experience 经历 经验 work 作品 工作 time 次数;倍数 时间 paper 报纸;试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 4. 限定词与名词的连用规则: 只与可数名词连用 只跟单数 one,each,every 只跟复数 数字(除one),both,a few,few,many,several 只与不可数名词连用 a little,little,much,a great deal of 可数名词与不可数名词均可连用 some,any,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,more,most 5. 有些名词加­s后意义有所不同。如: manner 方式,方法 manners 礼貌;礼仪 time 时间 times 时代 good 善行;益处 goods 货物 wood 木头,木材 woods 森林 custom 风俗 customs 海关 二、名词所有格 类别 构成方法 示例 有生命的单数名词 词尾加 ’s Tom’s dictionary my father’s car 有生命的复数名词 以s结尾的加 ’ his grandparents’ garden teachers’ office 不以s结尾的加’s Children’s Day the children’s food 表示时间、距离、国家等的名词 单数加’s an hour’s bus ride a day’s leave 复数加’ two days’ work 表示两个或多个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加’s Lily and Lucy’s room 表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加’s Bob’s and Tim’s books 2. of所有格 of所有格主要用于无生命的名词,有时也用于人或有生命的名词,表示所属关系,特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如: the window of the house 房子的窗户 the name of the brave young man 这个勇敢的年轻人的名字 3. 双重所有格 双重所有格主要表示整体中的一部分,有两种形式: (1)of + ­’s所有格。如: a work of Peter’s Peter的一部作品 (2)of + 名词性物主代词。如: a nice dress of mine 我的一件漂亮的连衣裙 部分名词的所有格不用­’s或of所有格表示,而是用to表示。如: the key to the door 门的钥匙 the way to the zoo 到动物园的路 一、名词 1.可数与不可数的“两幅面孔” 易错点:误以为所有抽象名词都不可数,或误以为中英文对应的名词数概念相同。 点拨: 经验 (experience):当“经验”讲时不可数(a lot of experience);当“经历”讲时可数(a wonderful experience)。 2.不规则复数形式 易错点:习惯性加-s,或混淆特殊变化。 点拨: 单复同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese(a sheep → two sheep)。 变内部元音:man→men, woman→women, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese, mouse→mice。 3.名词所有格的‘s与of转换 易错点:无生命的事物误用‘s,或两者并列时只加一个。 点拨: 有生命的用‘s(my mother’s bag);无生命的通常用of(the window of the room)。 2、 代词 用来代替名词、名词性短语或分句的词叫代词。代词按其意义、特征及语法功能,可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、普通不定代词、复合不定代词和疑问代词。 人称代词 (一)人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格;在动词或介词后作宾语时用宾格;在be动词后作表语时用宾格。如: They walked back together. 他们一起走回去。(主语) Most of us use public transport to get to work. 我们大多数人都乘公共交通工具上班。(宾语) —Who is the boy in the photo? 照片中的男孩是谁? —It is me. 是我。(表语) (二)人称代词并列作主语时,顺序是: 单数形式(二、三、一)you,he and I 复数形式(一、二、三)we,you and they 如: You, he and I are asked to attend the party. 你、我、他都被邀请参加这个宴会。 We, you and they all love chatting on the Internet. 我们、你们和他们都喜欢在网上聊天。 物主代词 物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。其用法如下: 类别 作用 例句 形容词性物主代词 作定语 After his death, nothing seemed to matter any more. 他死了以后,好像一切都无所谓了。 和own连用,表示“……自己的” Our children have grown up and they have their own children. 我们的子女都已长大成人,有了自己的孩子。 名词性物主代词 作主语 That car is Jack’s. Mine is parked by the roadside. 那辆车是Jack的,我的车停在路边了。 作宾语 Tom’s bike is broken. He is using yours. Tom的自行车坏了,他现在在用你的。 作表语 The house is ours.这个房子是我们的。 ①形容词性物主代词在句中作定语,修饰名词,不单独使用。 ②名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。 反身代词 (一)反身代词是表示“某人自己”的代词,不能单独作主语。 其用法如下: 作用 习惯用法 例句 作宾语(当主语和宾语是同一人或物时,宾语用反身代词) 作动词宾语 I asked myself what I would do in such a situation. 我问自己在这种情况下我会怎么做。 作介词宾语 We should depend on ourselves to finish the job.我们应该靠自己去完成这项任务。 作同位语 放在名词或代词后表示强调 Did you see the manager himself?你见到经理本人了吗? (二)反身代词的固定搭配 反身代词相关的短语见下表: 短语 意义 help oneself to 自取;自用;自助 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 lose oneself 迷失方向;专心于 say to oneself 自言自语 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服 come to oneself 恢复;苏醒 think to oneself 暗自思考 keep… to oneself 保密 teach oneself/learn by oneself 自学 make oneself at home 别拘束 指示代词 常见的指示代词主要有:this/these/that/those/one/it。 1.this/these/that/those (1)this/these表近指;that/those表远指,也常用于比较结构,代替前面提到的名词,避免重复。如:  These are my sisters and those are my brothers. 这些是我的姐妹;那些是我的兄弟。  I had a cold yesterday. That is why I didn’t come. 我昨天感冒了。那就是我没来的原因。  The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Heilongjiang. 上海的天气比黑龙江的天气好。  The coats in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 这家商店的外套比那家商店的外套贵。 (2)在电话用语中,this指代自己,that指代对方。如:  -Hello! This is Jim. Who’s that? 喂,我是吉姆。你是哪位?  -Hey, Jim. This is Jack. 嘿,吉姆。我是杰克。 2.it/one/that (1)it指代上文中提到的同一事物,即同类同物。如:  I have a new bike. My father bought it yesterday. 我有一辆新的自行车。我爸爸昨天买的。 (2)one表泛指,指代上文提到的同类中的任何一个,即同类不同物,相当于a/an+名词。如:  I didn’t bring my pens today. Can you lend me one? 我今天没带钢笔。你能借我一支吗? (3)that指代上文提到过的那个名词。如:  The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比美国的多。 【拓展】it的特殊用法 1.it作形式主语的句型 ①It’s + adj. (+for sb.) + to do sth. 做某事(对某人来说)是……  It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。 ②It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 某人做某事是……  It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务,你真好。 ③It’s +adj.+that从句  It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。 ④It’s + n. +to do sth. /doing sth./that从句  It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。 ⑤It takes/took (sb.) + 一段时间+ to do sth. 做某事花费(某人)多长时间。  It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。 ⑥It is+done+that从句。如:  It is said that... 据说……;有人说…… It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……  It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知…… 2.it作形式宾语,常用在动词find, think, make, consider, feel等之后。如:  I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。 不定代词 (1)普通不定代词 1.both/neither/either/all/none ★都常与of连用,除none仅作代词外,前四个词既可作代词,又可作限定词修饰名词。 ①both意为“两者都”,修饰或指代复数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ②neither意为“两者都不”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。 ③either意为“两者中任何一个”,修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④all意为“全体,一切”,修饰或指代复数可数名词或不可数名词,指三者或三者以上的所有人或物。作主语时,谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。 ⑤none意为“没有一个,全无”,指代人或物,常用搭配none of。既可指代复数可数名词,也可指代不可数名词。作主语时,谓语动词可用单数或复数。 2.few/a few/little/a little ①a few/a little意为“少量的,一些”,a few修饰或指代可数名词,a little修饰或指代不可数名词。 ②few/little意为“几乎没有”,few修饰或指代可数名词,little修饰或指代不可数名词。 3.each/every ①each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”,强调个体,可用作形容词或代词。 ②every指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”,强调整体,只可作形容词,不可单独使用。 ③each/every+名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 ④each可与of连用,every不可与of连用。 4.some/any ①some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词,表示“一些”。 ②some主要用在肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。但在疑问句中,如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时,要用some。如: I could not answer any of her questions. 我无法回答她的任何问题。 Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗? Would you like some oranges? 你想要些橙子吗? 5.many/much ①两者都意为“许多,大量”。 ②many修饰或指代可数名词;much修饰或指代不可数名词。 6.another/other/the other/others/the others 用法 例句 other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里? others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。 the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。 the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。 another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗? (2)复合不定代词 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody(某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) -one someone(某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone(每人) -thing something(某事) anything(任何事) nothing(没有东西) everything(每件事) 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 如:Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,必须放在其后。如: There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗? 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型: ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做,只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody, anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物;nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西;nothing指无关紧要的东西。如: He thinks himself somebody, but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物,但我们觉得他什么也不是。 疑问代词 特殊疑问词用来构成特殊疑问句。 疑问代词 意义 基本用法 例句 who 谁 对人提问,多作主语 Who could forget his speech at last year’s party?谁能忘记他去年在聚会上的讲话呢? whom 谁 对人提问,用作宾语 Whom did he expect to answer his phone?他希望由谁来接电话? whose 谁的 对名词所有格和物主代词进行提问 Whose side are you on?你支持哪一方的观点? what 什么 对物提问 What will the cities of the future look like?未来的城市会是什么样子呢? which 哪个 对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问 Which is better exercise ─ swimming or tennis?游泳和网球,哪种运动比较好? 1.人称代词的主宾格混淆 易错点:在动介词后或比较级句中误用主格。 2.物主代词中形代与名代的混淆 易错点:忘记“名代(名词性物主代词)后面不跟名词”。 点拨: 形代(my/your/his/her)+ 名词:This is my pen. 名代(mine/yours/his/hers)单独使用:This pen is mine. 3.三者及以上:all(全部,肯定),none(全都不,否定)。 3、 数词及主谓一致 数词 1.基数词的构成 (1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。 (2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。 (3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。 20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。 (4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。 48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。 (5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。 156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。 (6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。 3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten; 94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five; 基数词主要表示具体的数量、时间、年龄等。常见的用法有以下几种: 1. 表示数量的多少。如: There are forty­five students in the classroom. 教室里有45名学生。 2. 表示年份和年龄。如: He was born in 2009. 他出生于2009年。 We have lived in the same house for twenty years. 我们在同一座房子里住了二十年了。 3. 表示时刻。如: Wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 明天早晨6点钟叫醒我。 4. 表示编号。由“单数名词 + 基数词”构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母通常都大写。如: Class Three 三班 Room 505 505号房间 Lesson Ten 第十课 5. (1)hundred,thousand,million,billion与one,two,three等具体数字连用时用单数形式。如: There are two hundred students there. 那里有二百名学生。 (2)hundreds of(数以百计的,成百上千的),thousands of(数以千计的,成千上万的),millions of(数以百万计的)。如: Hundreds of people were unable to gain admittance to the hall. 数以百计的人未能获准进入大厅。 6. “in+one’s + 整十的基数词的复数形式”表示“在某人……多岁时”。如: Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately. 狄更斯三十出头时开始写小说,几乎一举成名。 ①在“基数词 + 名词 + 形容词”组成的定语(也被称为复合形容词)中,名词用单数形式。如: a ten­metre­deep hole 一个十米深的洞 ②数词与表示时间、距离、重量、金钱、度量等的名词连用作主语时,常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。如: Nearly two years has passed since I became a middle school student. 从我成为一名中学生到现在已经快两年了。 基数词变序数词 (1)序数词多数是由“基数词+th”构成。如:six→sixth,seven→seventh, sixteen→ sixteenth等。 (2)整十的数字变序数词,先将词尾y改为i,再加­eth。如:fifty-→fiftieth,seventy→seventieth等。 3.非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:twenty-first(第21),thirty-sixth(第36),ninety-ninth(第99),three hundred and sixty-fifth(第365)等。 4.少数的序数词属于特殊情况,而且这类词也常常是考点,大家要特别注意记忆。 如:one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,twelve→twelfth 5.first, second, third 通常可缩写为1st, 2nd, 3rd。 以th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”:4th, 5th, 9th, 11th, 60th, 128th等。 6.序数词前通常要用定冠词,但表示考试或比赛等的名次时,通常可省略其前的定冠词。如: My room is on the second floor and his on the third. 我的房间在三楼,他的房间在四楼。 He was (the) third in the exam. 他考试得了第三名。 序数词是表示顺序的词。基数词变序数词的特殊变化有: one→first; two→second; three→third; five→fifth; eight→eighth; nine→ninth; twelve→twelfth。序数词的常见用法如下: 1. 序数词前加定冠词the,表示“第……”,后通常接单数名词。如: The first group is larger than the second. 第一组比第二组大。 2. 序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“再……,又……”。如: He failed once. Then he tried a second time. 他失败了一次。然后他又试了一次。 3. 当序数词与形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用时,前面不用定冠词。如: My friend Paul will never forget his first chemistry teacher. 我的朋友Paul永远不会忘记他的第一位化学老师。 分数的用法 1. 分数的构成 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数形式。如: 三分之一 one third;五分之二 two fifths。 2. 主谓一致 谓语动词的数与分数后的名词保持一致。名词是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式;名词是单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如: About two thirds of the students are going to attend the meeting. 大约三分之二的学生将参加会议。 Four fifths of the juice is orange. It is pure. 五分之四的果汁是橙汁。非常纯。 3. quarter,half和percent的用法 四分之一通常用a/one quarter来表示;四分之三通常用three quarters来表示;二分之一通常用a/one half来表示;百分之几通常用“基数词 + percent”来表示,如: 30%可以表达为“30 percent”。 主谓一致 1. 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致,即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致,这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 · He is a famous singer. · The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. · Life is full of the unexpected. · A sad movie makes me cry. · Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 2. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句;由and或both...and连接的并列主语;主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 · The class is more than fifty students.(class指班级) · Generally speaking, the disable need more help. · Someone is knocking at the door. 3. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 · There is an apple and two pears on the table. · There are two pears and an apple on the table. 主谓一致情况 1. 谓语动词用单数 (1) 不可数名词作主语时 · Water is very important for humans. (2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 · Eight hours of sleep is enough . (3) 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 · Each of the students has a dictionary. (4) 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 · Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. (5) 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 · Very little has been done about it. (6) 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 · Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. (7) “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 · One of these notebooks is mine. (8) 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 · Physics is not his strong point. · China is a developing country. 2. 谓语动词用复数 (1) 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 · Both of my sisters are teachers. (2) “the+形容词”表示一类人(如:the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等)作主语时 · The young are full of energy. (3) “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 · The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. (4) 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 · The Olympic Games are held once every four years. · The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. (5) 只有复数概念的集体名词(people, police, cattle等)作主语时 · These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. · Police are hunting the criminal. 3. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 (1) 主语为某些集体名词(如:family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等)时 1  看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数 · His family has moved into the new house. · The public was convinced of his innocence. 2  看作其中的成员,谓语动词用复数 · The class are busy cleaning the classroom. · The audience were deeply moved by the plot. (2) 主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时 1  主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数 · All of the players want to win the game. · I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. 2  主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数 · All of the work has been finished. · Most of the food tastes delicious. (3) 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时,谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 · The rest of the food is eaten by him. · The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. (4) 主语为none时 1  表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数 · She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. · None have arrived here yet. 2  表示单数意义或代表不可数名词,谓语动词用单数 · We need to buy some milk, because none is left. · None is as tall as Tom. (5) 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数,如:trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 1  前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词,通常视为复数,谓语动词用 复数形式; · My glasses are broken. · His trousers have worn out. 2  若带有单位词,则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 · A pair of pants is on his bed. · Three pairs of trousers are enough. (6) and连接并列主语时 1  并列主语表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数 · Lily and Grace are good friends. · A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 2  并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时,谓语动词用单数 · A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. · The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. · Bread and butter is his favorite food. (7) “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · There is a bank and two shops on this road. · There are two shops and a bank on this road. (8) 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 · Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. · Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. (9) 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语,或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时,其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 · My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. · I as well as my sister am good at English. · His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. (10) 非谓语动词作主语 1  单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数 · Listening to music is a way too relax myself. · To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 2  如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念,谓语动词用单数;如果表示不同概念,谓语动词用复数 · To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. · To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. (11) 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 1  先行词是单数时,从句的谓语动词用单数;先行词是复数时,从句的谓语动词用复数 · I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. · The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. 2  “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时,从句的谓语动词用复数;“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时,从句的谓语动词用单数 · Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. · Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 数词 1.hundred/thousand/million 的“有无s”规则 易错点:与具体数字连用时误加-s,或表示约数时漏掉-s和of。 2.序数词前的冠词使用 易错点:误以为序数词前永远用the,或者不知道什么时候用a/an。 点拨: 表示顺序/唯一:用 the(the first person, the second floor)。 表示“又一,再一”(在原有基础上增加):用 a/an。如:He failed twice, but wants to try a third time. (想再试一次,并非指第三次这个顺序) 主谓一致 There be 句型中的就近原则 易错点:只看最前面的名词单复数,忽略后面的主语。 点拨:There be 后若跟多个并列主语,be动词由离它最近的那个主语决定。 with/together with/as well as 的“就远原则” 易错点:误以为这些词连接的主语是复数,把谓语动词用成复数形式。 点拨:当主语后跟 with, along with, together with, as well as, like, except 等词时,谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as the students is going to the museum. (主语是 the teacher,单数) A number of vs The number of 易错点:两者都接复数名词,但谓语动词单复数弄反。 点拨: A number of(一些/许多):+ 复数名词 + 复数动词。→ A number of students are playing. The number of(……的数量):+ 复数名词 + 单数动词。→ The number of students is 50. 1.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)In China, people usually have a dragon boat race to celebrate the ________. A.Spring Festival B.Lantern Festival C.Mid-Autumn Festival D.Dragon Boat Festival 2.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)They all think my eyes look bigger than ________. A.my brother B.my brothers C.my brother’s 3.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)The Communist Party of China (CPC) was founded on ________ 1, 1921. A.July B.August C.September D.October 4.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not ________. Maybe it’s ________. A.me, Jack’s B.mine, Jack’s C.mine, Jack 5.(2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—What’s your favourite weekday, Frank? —________, because the next day is Saturday. Then I can have a rest. A.Monday B.Friday C.Sunday 6.(2024·西藏·中考真题)________ father works in the police station. A.Eric and Helen’s B.Eric and Helen C.Eric’s and Helen D.Eric’s and Helen’s 7.(2024·西藏·中考真题)There are many famous ________ in the Chinese history. A.woman hero B.women heroes C.women hero D.woman heroes 8.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—My head feels very hot. What should I do? —You should take your temperature to see if you have a ________. A.fever B.toothache C.cough 9.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)Those students always study and exercise together. They have a close ________ with each other. A.relationship B.scholarship C.imagination D.instruction 10.(2025·西藏·中考真题)It rained heavily last night and there is too much ________ on the street now. A.snow B.leaves C.water D.cars 11.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—Is there ________ who wants to take part in the singing competition? —Lisa. She is good at singing. A.anyone B.anything C.someone D.something 12.(2025·山东东营·中考真题)Welcome, Jane. Come in and sit down. Make ________ at home. A.myself B.himself C.herself D.yourself 13.(2023·四川广元·中考真题)—I’d like to order something to drink. What would you like, coffee or tea? —________. Milk is OK. A.Both B.Neither C.All D.Either 14.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—We have worked very hard over the past three years, but ________ of us did it alone. —Yes, you’re supposed to be thankful to those who helped and supported you. A.none B.all C.nobody 15.(2025·海南·中考真题)My classmates and I took________ seats, and waited for the graduation speech. A.their B.my C.our 16.(2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)The documentary Return tells ________ the story of many scientists in the 1950s. A.we B.us C.our D.ours 17.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Namucuo Lake attracts (吸引) visitors by ________ colors. A.its B.they C.it’s D.they’re 18.(2025·湖南益阳·中考真题)—Who’s your English teacher? —Miss Gao. She teaches ________ English very well. A.our B.we C.ours D.us 19.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)The girl is my classmate. ________ is kind and helpful. A.He B.She C.They D.You 20.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)But I can’t promise you ________. You’ll have to try it yourself. A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 21.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)I’ve made ________ drink less coffee, but it doesn’t work. What shall I do? A.ourselves B.us C.myself D.me 22.(2025·江苏常州·中考真题)Paper-cutting is my favorite. ________ is more interesting than it. A.Something B.Anything C.Nothing D.Everything 23.(2025·江苏宿迁·中考真题)I left my Chinese book at home today. Simon shared ______ with me. A.he B.his C.him D.himself 24.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)Every time you are in trouble, you should always say to ________, “Come on, I can do it” A.you B.me C.myself D.yourself 25.(2025·四川乐山·中考真题)—What a pity! I left my computer at home. —Don’t worry. I brought ________ with me. We can share. A.one B.it C.this 26.(2025·西藏·中考真题)Four and seven is ________. A.ten B.eleven C.twelve D.thirteen 27.(2025·四川凉山·中考真题)David will celebrate his ________ birthday soon. He will reach “the year of erli”. A.thirtieth B.fortieth C.fiftieth 28.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time. A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four 29.(2025·四川广元·中考真题)My old grandfather is in his ________, but he can still do some gardening and look after himself well. A.nineteen B.ninety C.ninetieth D.nineties 30.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)It’s well known that December is the ________ month of a year. A.twelve B.twelfth C.twelveth 31.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ________ girls. A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40 32.(2025·四川达州·中考真题)—When are you going on holiday? —I’m not sure, perhaps the ________ week in July. A.two B.second C.twice 33.(2025·四川攀枝花·中考真题)Robot dogs ________ to collect rubbish on Mount Taishan in Shandong province. A.use B.uses C.is used D.are used 34.(2024·四川攀枝花·中考真题)—How about climbing Donghua Mountain this weekend? —Sounds great. Then a pair of comfortable sports shoes ________ necessary. A.is B.was C.are D.were 35.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)There ________ some flowers in my room. I often water them. A.is B.are C.was D.were 36.(2025·黑龙江·中考真题)There ________ no yogurt and no tomatoes on the shopping list. We need to add ________ to the salad. A.is; them B.are; them C.are; it 37.(2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)My mother with her students ________ to volunteer at the old people’s home next week. A.is going B.are going C.goes 38.(2025·甘肃白银·中考真题)Look! There ________ a notebook and three keys on the desk. A.is B.was C.are D.were 39.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)There ________ different opinions on smart technology. What do you think about it? A.is B.are C.have D.has 40.(2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题)—How many doctors are there in your hospital, Peter? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A.The number of; is B.A number of; are C.A number of; is 试卷第1页,共3页 1 / 5 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(抢分清单)2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测
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清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(抢分清单)2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测
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清单01 名词、代词、数词及主谓一致(思维导图+解题必备+易混易错)(抢分清单)2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测
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