专题12 动词（知识清单）-2026年小升初英语复习讲练测（江苏版）

小升初英语专题总复习 专题12 动词 考点梳理 动词是表示人或物的动作状态的词。它是英语中最重要的词类，多数动词都有人称、数和时态的变化。英语中，绝大多数句子都要有一个动词来担当谓语，说明主语“是什么”或“做什么”。 中 考点一  动词的分类 根据动词的词义和在句中的功能，动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。 实义动词 实义动词也叫行为动词，是指有完整意义，能独立用作谓语的动词。主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 ➊及物动词是指可以直接跟宾语的实义动词。如： I like pears. 我喜欢梨。 I visited the farm last week. 我上周参观了农场。 ❷不及物动词是指后面不能直接跟宾语的实义动词。它本身意义完整，跟宾语时必须加 上相应的介词。如： Look at the blackboard, please!请看黑板！ Listen to me, please!请听我讲！ 考点再现01 一、根据句意和首字母提示，在横线上写出正确的单词。 1. It's 7 o'clock in the morning. It's time to g________ up. 2. It's eleven o'clock in the evening. T________ off the TV. 3. You can 1________ up this new word in the dictionary. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—What are you going to ________? —A storybook. A. do B. buy C. go ( )2.There is a lot of ________ in Yangzhou in summer. It always ________heavily. A. rain; rains B. rainy; rains C. rain; rain ( )3.I'm hungry. Is it time to ________? A. have lessons B. play football C. have dinner 系动词 系动词也叫连系动词。它不能单独作谓语，必须和表语（常为名词、形容词等）一起构成系表结构，作句子的谓语。系动词按意义可分为以下三类： ➊表示状态的系动词。 有be（是）, seem（似乎）, keep（保持）,stay（保持······状态）, lie（处于……状态）等。其中，be是最重要的系动词。如： He is a student. 他是一名学生。 Please keep quiet in the library.请在图书馆里保持安静。 巧学妙记 be动词的用法 我(I)用am,你(you)用are; is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it); 单数用is,复数都用are. ➋表示状态变化的系动词。 有get（变得）,go（变）,become（变成）,turn（变得）等。如： The days get shorter and the nights get longer in autumn.秋天，白天变得更短，夜晚变得更长。 The leaves of the trees turn green in spring.春天，树叶变绿了。 ➌表示感觉的系动词。 有look（看上去，看起来）,sound（听起来）,feel（摸起来，觉得）， taste（尝起来）,smell（闻起来）等。如： My mother looks young.我妈妈看起来年轻。 Sounds great!听起来很棒！ I feel cold.我觉得冷。 考点再现02 一、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1.—How old ________ you? —I ________ ten years old. 2.—Where ________ your mother? —She ________ at home. 3.My favourite colour ________ blue. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.There ________ no tall trees in my school five years ago. A. was B. were C. are ( )2.—Are these socks John's? —________they're Mike's. A. No, these are. B. No, they aren't. C. Yes, they are. ( )3.There ________ no gyms thirty years ago. Now, there ________a big gym in our school. A. were; is B. was; is C. was; are 助动词 助动词是协助主要动词构成谓语动词短语的动词。它本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等，或构成否定和疑问结构。常见的助动词有will(would), do(does), shall(should)等。如： Do you like PE?你喜欢体育吗？ He doesn't study hard.他学习不努力。 情态动词 情态动词是表示说话人的语气和态度的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词原形或系动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有must, can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, need等。如： You must do your homework.你必须做家庭作业。 We should be quiet in the reading room.我们应该在阅览室里保持安静。 考点再现03 一、用情态动词或助动词的适当形式填空。 1.She is blind. She ________ see. 2.—What ________ you often do on Sunday? —I often play basketball. 3.—________you clean your room yesterday? —Yes, I ________. 二、单项选择。 ( )1.—Why ________ you look tired? —Because I ________ sleep well last night. A. does; didn't B. are; don't C. do; didn't ( )2.—Can you speak English? —________ A. Yes, it is. B. Yes,I can. C. No,I can. ( )3.I ________ ride a horse then but now I can ride a horse very well. A. couldn't B. could C. didn't 中 考点二  动词的形式 英语中，动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词和过去分词。下面是小学阶段出现的几种形式。 ➊ 动词原形 动词原形就是字典中所给出的动词形式，它是未经过变化的形式。如：get,have,run, eat, write, look ❷ 第三人称单数形式 第三人称单数形式是在一般现在时第三人称单数作主语时所使用的动词形式，它的构成和名词复数构成法相似。如下表所示： 构成规则 例 词 一般情况下在动词词尾直接加-s. work—works, like—likes, run—runs 以s, x, sh, ch及“辅音字母+o”结尾的单词在词尾加-es. pass—passes, fix—fixes, wash—washes,watch—watches, go—goes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-es. study—studies, fly—flies, cry—cries ❸ 过去式 过去式是大多数动词都具有的形式，它表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态，用于一般过去时中。规则动词过去式的构成如下表所示： 构成规则 例 词 一般在动词后直接加-ed. jump—jumped, help—helped, walk—walked 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d. live—lived, like—liked, close—closed 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed. study—studied, carry—carried, cry—cried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，应双写这个辅音字母后再加-ed. stop—stopped, plan—planned, drop—dropped ➍ 现在分词 现在分词通常由“动词原形+-ing”构成，可构成各种进行时态。现在分词的构成如下表所示： 构成规则 例 词 一般在动词后直接加-ing. ask—asking, work—working, look—looking 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing. live—living, come—coming, make—making 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母后再加-ing. run—running, sit—sitting, put—putting,swim—swimming 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing. die—dying, lie—lying, tie—tying ❺ 过去分词（小学暂不涉及，拓展了解） 规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式相同，如下表所示： 构成规则 例 词 一般在动词后直接加-ed. stay—stayed, visit—visited, work—worked 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d. live—lived, like—liked, skate—skated 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed. study—studied, worry—worried, cry—cried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，应双写这个辅音字母后再加-ed. stop—stopped, plan—planned, drop—dropped 考点再现04 一、写出下列动词的指定形式。 1. play（三单）______________ 2. go（三单）______________ 3. watch（三单）______________ 4. study（三单）______________ 5. read（ing 形式）______________ 6. dance（ing 形式）______________ 7. run（ing 形式）______________ 8. swim（ing 形式）______________ 9. play（过去式）______________ 10. go（过去式）______________ 11. do（过去式）______________ 12. is（过去式）______________ 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.He often __________ (play) football after school. 2.Look! The bird __________ (fly) in the sky. 3.I __________ (go) to the park yesterday. 4.She can __________ (sing) English songs. 5.They like __________ (draw) pictures. 6.My mother wants __________ (buy) a new dress. 7.He __________ (do) his homework every day. 8.We __________ (be) happy last Sunday. 强化训练 一、按要求写词。 1.写出下列动词的现在分词。 skate ________ read ________ litter ________ swim ________ jump ________ smoke ________ run ________ dance ________ ski ________ make ________ sit ________ study ________ 2.写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。 play ________ study ________ sit ________ make ________ get ________ buy ________ listen ________ sing ________ 3.写出下列动词的过去式。 wash ________ run ________ swim ________ sleep ________ make ________ get ________ bite ________ go ________ do ________ ride ________ write ________ sing ________ eat ________ drink ________ 二、选词填空。 read, climb, drink, sing, take, learn, go, eat, watch, see 1.________newspapers 2.________a film 3.________photos 4. ________ to school 5.________some milk 6. ________TV 7.________a mountain 8. ________English 9.________ some rice 10.________a song 三、用 be动词的适当形式填空。 1.—Where ________you yesterday? —I ________ in the cinema. 2. The cake on the table ________very yummy! Let's give some to Mum. 3. There ________any water in the bottle now. 4. Look! The students ________dancing happily in the dancing room. 5. There ________ a moon cake and some drinks on the table just now. 6. When ________the Spring Festival? 四、用助动词的适当形式填空。 1. How often ________ Mike usually go back to London? 2. ________ Li u Tao catch a big fish last National Day holiday? 3. It's not wet outside. It ________ rain just now. 4. What ________people eat at the Spring Festival? 5. Sam, ________ laugh at Bobby. 五、单项选择。 ( )1. Last weekend, we ________ a big fish in the river. A. catch B. eat C. eating D. caught ( )2. Who ________up early in your home, your mum or your dad? A. get B. wake C. gets D. getting ( )3. There ________All________ a football match here next week. A. is B. will be C. are D. are going to be ( )4. Look! The traffic light ________green. You ________cross the road. A. are;must B. is;can C. are;mustn't D. aren't;can ( )5. The girl ________ on the shoes. A. try B. trys C. tries D. trying ( )6. Bobby ________ his new cap ________Sam. A. show;/ B. shows;to C. show;for D. shows;for ( )7. We should ________the windows now. A. cleaning B. clean C. to clean D. cleaned ( )8. The dress is beautiful. Please________. A. try it on B. try on it C. put on it D. wear it on ( )9.We must ________cars and bikes when we cross the road. A. look out B. look out for C. look for D. look ( )10.There _______any tomatoes in the fridge. But there _______some tomato juice in it. A. are;are B. aren't;is C. aren't;aren't D. isn't;are 六、根据中文提示，完成句子。 1.她每天步行去上班吗? ________she________ to work every day? 2.我既喜欢语文，也喜欢英语。 I ________Chinese. I ________English too. 3.踢足球对我们的身体好。 ________football________ good for our body. 4.迈克学习非常认真。 Mike ________very ________. 5.现在是八点钟。我的妈妈正讲故事给弟弟听。 It's 8:00. My mum ________ ________a story to my brother. 参考答案 考点再现01 一、1. get 2. Turn 3. look 二、1. B 2. A 3. C 考点再现02 一、1. are am 2. is is 3. is 二、1. B 2. B 3. A 考点再现03 一、1. can't 2. do 3. Did did 二、1. C 2. B 3. A 考点再现04 一、1.plays 2. goes 3. watches 4. studies 5.reading 6. dancing 7. running 8. swimming 9.played 10. went 11. did 12. was 二、1.plays 2. is flying 3. went 4. sing 5.drawing 6. to buy 7. does 8. were 强化训练 一、1. skating, reading, littering,swimming, jumping, smoking, running, dancing, skiing, making, sitting, studying 2. plays, studies, sits, makes, gets, buys, listens, sings 3. washed, ran, swam, slept, made, got, bit, went, did, rode, wrote, sang, ate, drank 二、1. read 2. see 3. take 4. go 5. drink 6. watch 7. climb 8. learn/read 9. eat 10. sing 三、1. were, was 2. is 3. isn't 4. are 5. was 6. is 四、1. does 2. Did 3. didn’t 4. do 5. don’t 此句为祈使句，祈使句否定句在句首用 Don’t，因前面有单词与逗号,故填小写 don’t。 五、1. D 该句时态为一般过去时, catch 的过去式为 caught。 2. C 3. B next week表示“下周”,该句时态为一般将来时， there be 句式的将来时为there's going to be。 4. B 5. C 6. B 向某人展示某物,用“show sth to sb”表示。 7. B 8. A 9. B look out 表示“当心”,后接名词时需要加介词for;look for 表示“寻找”。 10. B any 用在否定句或疑问句中; tomato juice 为不可数名词, be 动词用is。 六、1. Does, walk 2. like, like 3. Playing, is 4. studies, hard 5. is telling 第 1 页 共 10 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $