专题03 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（单元话题[科学家、科学发现和科学精神]阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇）2025-2026学年高一同步重难点专题练 （译林版2020必修三）

专题03 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元话题---科学家、科学发现和科学精神 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题是“科学家、科学发现和科学精神”,涉及的语篇类型有：新闻报道、策划方案、演讲、事实档案。本单元帮助学生认识科学发现的巨大推动作用,理解科学家的责任担当和科学精神的价值所在。阅读有关科学家的故事，加深对改变世界的科学家这一话题的理解。掌握和运用与常见的科学这一主题相关的词汇、语法等知识；感受中外科学家的优秀品质,精神,相同点和不同点。 (2025新高考I卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 12. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 15. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。 12.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. ”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。 13.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. ”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。 14.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly diffcult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. ”可推断，作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染的严重性。故选B。 15.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.””可推知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用，即升级饮用水处理厂。故选D。 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度四川师范大学附属中学下学期高一3月适应性测试英语试题)If you’re looking for new headphones(头戴式耳机) and want to try something different, House of Marley could be a good choice for you. As a company created by the Marley family to carry on Bob Marley’s love for both music and the planet, the company creates attractive and timeless products that are good for the earth. Today we tried out a new type of over-car headphone which you could get with high quality at a really fair price. Battery Offering 32 hours of playback with noise canceling turned off, and 26 hours turned on, the headphones will get you through several days of listening to good music without charging(充电) the batteries. You can use them longer if you put them on airplane mode. And the quick-charge technology will allow you to enjoy a two-hour playback after just 15 minutes of charging. Sound The most important thing here is the sound. It has a lot of sound quality for you to choose from, with clear sound that will sound great on a classical track. You can also design the sound to your liking on the app. Material Made of wood and reusable aluminum(铝), the headphones weigh quite a bit but it’s not to say that they’re uncomfortable. The special ear pads(衬垫) fit around the ears closely, and the underside of the headband also has lots of soft pads so you can’t feel uncomfortable even afterhours of listening. Costs: RRP £199. If over-ear headphones aren’t your thing, you can’t go wrong with our other excellent products. 1. Which of the following can best describe the products of House of Marley? A. Beautiful. B. Traditional. C. World-famous. D. Environmentally friendly. 2. What is special about the new type of headphone? A. It has long battery life. B. It works best in airplane mode. C. It can be fully charged in 15 minutes. D. It can recognize environmental noise easily. 3. Why are there many soft pads? A. To make the headphones unbreakable. B. To make the headphones look beautiful. C. To make people feel physically comfortable. D. To improve the sound quality of headphones. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了由Marley家族创建的House of Marley公司的一款新型头戴式耳机，强调了该产品的环保特性、电池续航、音质以及舒适的佩戴体验。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a company created by the Marley family to carry on Bob Marley’s love for both music and the planet, the company creates attractive and timeless products that are good for the earth.”(作为一家由Marley家族创建的公司，为了延续Bob Marley对音乐和这个星球的热爱，该公司创造了吸引人且永恒的产品，这些产品对地球有益。)可知，House of Marley的产品是环保的，对环境有益的。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Offering 32 hours of playback with noise canceling turned off, and 26 hours turned on, the headphones will get you through several days of listening to good music without charging the batteries.”(在关闭降噪功能的情况下，这款耳机可以提供32小时的播放时间，而在开启降噪功能的情况下，可以提供26小时的播放时间。这款耳机可以让你在不充电的情况下，连续几天都能听到好听的音乐。)可知，这款新型耳机的特别之处在于它的电池寿命很长。故选A项。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The special ear pads (衬垫) fit around the ears closely, and the underside of the headband also has lots of soft pads so you can’t feel uncomfortable even after hours of listening.”(特殊的耳垫紧密贴合耳朵，头带的下方也有很多软垫，所以即使听了好几个小时，你也不会感到不舒服。)可知，有许多软垫是为了让人们佩戴起来感觉更舒适。故选C项。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年度江苏省苏州市工业园区星海实验中学高一年级下学期期中) Museum of the Future Dubai When in Dubai, most of us associate this Emirates city with religion, cultural impact, entertainment, and iconic construction. The Museum of the Future Dubai is an exhibition space focusing on future technologies, innovative(创新的) services, and products. The Museum founded by the Dubai Future Foundation has three main features: green hill, building and space. The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. The museum has held several exhibitions since its opening in 2016. One of the impressive exhibition themes held in 2017 was “Climate Change Re-imagined: Dubai 2050”, which adopted a theme set in 2050 exploring how human beings could applaud and accept innovations despite global warming and climate change. The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. The outside of the building has windows forming an Arabic poem by Dubai’s ruler about the Emirate’s future. The words written on the Museum frontage(正面) are three quotes from Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The Museum is suitable for the entire family. You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. Future Heroes is an area only for kids, encouraging young citizens to imagine, design, and build through creativity activities. Come, prepare for a journey into the future by checking out the Museum of the Future. It is a cross-bridge between the past and the future and a great experience for all ages. 4. Why was the Museum built? A. To highlight Dubai’s culture. B. To promote developing technology. C. To invent domestic robots. D. To advertise for artificial intelligence. 5. What do we know about Killa Design architecture studio? A. It is intended for kids. B. It organizes different activities for families. C. Its theme is Climate Change Re-imagined. D. It has an awareness of the environmental protection. 6. What can visitors do in the Museum? A. Explore the space in the past. B. Deal with climate change successfully. C. Acquire some knowledge of biology. D. Meet Vice President and Prime Minister. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了迪拜未来博物馆的特点、目的以及提供的体验。 4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. (博物馆的目标是推动技术发展，特别是在机器人和人工智能领域。)”可知，博物馆的主要目标是促进科技的发展，特别是机器人技术和人工智能领域，故选B项。 5. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. (未来博物馆由Killa Design建筑工作室设计，旨在展示其在房地产中的环保水平。)”可知，Killa Design建筑工作室有强烈的环保意识。故选D项。 6. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. (你将见证热带雨林的生物多样性，帮助你发现新物种。)”在博物馆里，参观者可以见证雨林的生物多样性，帮助他们发现新物种，这意味着他们可以获得生物学方面的知识。故选C项。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年度广东省广州市越秀区广州市第三中学高一上学期1月月考英语试题)You really can make free phone calls using the Internet. Google Meet Google Meet is an app-to-app calling service that works across desktop and mobile platforms. Video meetings are encrypted(加密), it also supports audio calls, and you can form massive group calls with up to 100 people. What’s more appealing is that Google Meet display s real-time captions(字幕) as the other person is speaking. Signal Signal lets you send and receive texts, make voice and video calls (including group calls), and share your location and files. It was developed with a focus on privacy and security; it uses end-to-end encryption to protect your messages and calls, so only you and the recipient can see or hear what you’re exchanging. Google Voice Google Voice is one of the best ways to make a call over the Internet. You get a real phone number, so you can make free calls to an actual phone number. Free calls you make with Google Voice must be to numbers in the United States or Canada, and they’re limited to three hours. However, you can continue to make a free call to the same number over and over again. WhatsApp Meta-owned WhatsApp is a popular texting app with hundreds of millions of users. However, you can also call your WhatsApp friends right from the app using only your Internet connection. You just need to confirm your phone number to get started. Once you’re using the app, you can start a new conversation to clearly see which of your contacts are also using WhatsApp, and then you can call them for free no matter where in the world they’re located. Group calls can include as many as 32 people. 7. What is a feature of Google Meet? A. You can see what the speaker says. B. It can be used for free anywhere in the world. C. No password is needed to attend online meetings. D. Over 100 people can attend online meetings meantime. 8. Which of the following apps is limited to certain areas? A. Google Meet. B. Signal. C. Google Voice. D. WhatsApp. 9. In what section of a newspaper will the text probably appear? A. Health. B. Environment. C. Education. D. Technology. 【答案】7. A 8. C 9. D 【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章以简明扼要的方式介绍了几款能够实现互联网免费通话的服务应用，分别列举了它们的主要特点和功能。 7. 细节理解题。由文章Google Meet部分中的“What’s more appealing is that Google Meet displays real-time captions as the other person is speaking. (更吸引人的是，Google Meet在对方说话的同时，还能实时显示字幕。)”可知，Google Meet的一个特点是它可以显示说话者正在说什么的实时字幕。故选A。 8. 细节理解题。由文章Google Voice部分中的“Free calls you make with Google Voice must be to numbers in the United States or Canada, and they’re limited to three hours. (你用谷歌语音拨打的免费电话必须是在美国或加拿大的号码，而且通话时间限制在三个小时以内。)”可知，Google Voice的免费通话功能限制在北美地区，即美国和加拿大。故选C。 9. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“You really can make free phone calls using the Internet. (你真的可以用互联网打免费电话。)”可知，本文主要介绍了四款可以利用互联网进行免费通话的应用程序，内容涉及技术产品及其功能，因此最有可能出现在报纸的科技版块。故选D。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度湖南娄底市新化县高一上学期期末质量检测)On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. Verified(证实) by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 2008 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. At the age of 28, he became a professor at Peking University, specializing in complex mathematical problems. His research has achieved significant breakthroughs, with publications in top-tier(顶尖的) academic journals. The new account posts math content suitable for all levels. His first video, in which he simply says, “Hello, I’m Wei Dongyi”, attracted over 10 million followers within three days (by June 7). Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual “wishing pool”. Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. Despite his fame, he leads a modest lifestyle, often seen carrying steamed buns(馒头) and water, and remains focused on teaching. Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. By sharing his expertise, he aims to inspire a deeper interest in the subject. 10. The underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. strict B. famous C. young D. careful 11. What can we learn about Wei Dongyi’s social media account? A. It was launched with the help of his students. B. It only shares advanced mathematical knowledge. C. It attracted 10 million followers on June 4, 2025. D. It aims to share knowledge and interact with the public. 12. Why did Gaokao students leave wishes in the comments section? A. They wanted to learn the “Wei Method” from Wei. B. They hoped to get good scores in the Gaokao. C. They wanted to ask Wei to solve math problems. D. They hoped Wei would share more exam tips. 13. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wei Dongyi’s great achievements in mathematics. B. Wei Dongyi’s modest lifestyle and teaching spirit. C. The launch of Wei Dongyi’s social media account and its purpose. D. How Wei Dongyi’s social media account became popular quickly. 【答案】10. B 11. D 12. B 13. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了北京大学知名数学教授韦东奕开设社交媒体账号的相关情况，包括他的数学成就、账号的发布内容、开设目的以及账号受到的关注等。 10. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. (韦东奕因其出众的数学才能而闻名。)”以及“As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 200 8 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. (作为一名高中生，他在2008年和2009年的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛(IMO)中以满分获得两枚金牌，在此过程中创造了中国纪录。他独特的‘韦方法’让同行和专家都感到惊讶。)”可知，韦东奕在数学方面取得了卓越的成就，因为非凡的数学才能而闻名，所以“renowned”意思是“著名的”。故选B。 11. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Verified by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. (该账号经平台认证、家人支持，分享数学知识，与公众互动，纠正不实信息。)”可知，韦东奕的社交媒体账号旨在分享知识、与公众互动。故选D。 12. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual ‘wishing pool’. (高考生在评论区刷屏留下与考试相关的祝福，将其变成了一个虚拟的‘许愿池’。)”可知，高考生留下祝福是希望能在高考中取得好成绩。故选B。 13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. (2025年6月4日，北京大学知名数学教授韦东奕开通了其官方社交媒体账号。)”，第四段中“Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. (韦东奕的家人强调，该账号旨在分享知识，而非盈利。)”以及最后一段中“Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. (通过这一举措，韦东奕希望培养年轻人对数学的热爱。)”可知，本文主要讲述了韦东奕社交媒体账号的开通及其目的。故选C。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市明德中学高一下学期3月阶段测试)Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 14. What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A. To display they were talented. B. To confirm they were out of favor. C. To encourage different career paths. D. To show poetry and science can be combined. 15. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A. Promote a new science-poetry journal. B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C. Encourage science communication through poems. D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 16. What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A. Complex. B. Creative. C. Effective. D. Traditional 17. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Take on Poetry B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue 【答案】14. D 15. C 16. D 17. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义。 14. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. (数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是颇有造诣的诗人。诗人John Keats是一名有执照的外科医生。在19世纪，将这两种实践结合起来就不再受欢迎了。)”可推知，如今人们常认为诗歌与科学互不相容，但历史上多位名人同时精通二者，提及他们是为了证明诗歌与科学是可以结合的。故选D项。 15. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. (通过研讨会和一本名为《Consilience》的新科学诗歌杂志，Illingworth正在帮助科学家们将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引科学领域以外的人的欣赏。)”可知，Illingworth的研讨会旨在鼓励通过诗歌进行科学传播。故选C项。 16. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. (Illingworth也认同这一观点，他认为目前的科学传播活动往往过于依赖公开讲座和缺乏互动的PPT幻灯片。)”可推知，Illingworth认为现在的科学传播方式过于传统。故选D项。 17. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. (但是，当科学家们寻找用他们的发现来启发他人的替代方法时，将研究转化为歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式的现象再次出现在科学家之中。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了如今科学家们正尝试将科学研究转化为诗歌等诗意形式，以寻求用研究成果启发他人的新途径，同时阐述了诗歌在科学传播中的作用和意义，A项“Scientists Take on Poetry (科学家开始写诗)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 Passage 6 (2025-2026学年度河南郑州市金水区实验中学下学期月考)Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th, 1815. Ada’s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father’s changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own. Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother’s thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating(萌芽), however, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can’t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.” Ada married at 19, to William King who was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife’s love for numbers. During her youth Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage’s idea for a new calculating(计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life. Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex(复杂的) calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations(创新). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848. 18. What happened to Ada in her childhood? A. She was expected to be a scientist. B. She was greatly cared for by her father. C. She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge. D. She was greatly influenced by her father’s nature. 19. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?’ A. Ada preferred science over literature. B. Ada believed poetry was of less value than science. C. Ada accepted her mother’s plan without complaints. D. Ada looked for a way to combine logic with imagination. 20. What decided Ada’s professional life? A. Her introduction to Mary Somerville. B. Her communication with Charles Babbage. C. Her husband’s encouragement and support. D. Her being accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. 21. How did Ada’s relationship with Babbage shape her place in history? A. She simply assisted him with his work. B. She lost interest after meeting him in person. C. She went beyond translation and added original ideas. D. She took full credit for designing the Analytical Engine. 【答案】18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了世界上首位程序员阿达·洛芙莱斯的成长经历，她在母亲要求下学习数理知识，结识玛丽·萨默维尔后接触到巴贝奇的分析机，通过翻译并添加极具原创性的注释，奠定了现代计算机编程的早期基础。 18. 细节理解题。根据第一段“To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time.(为了避免这种情况发生，阿达被母亲强迫学习科学和数学，这在当时对女性来说是很不寻常的。)”可知，阿达童年时被逼迫学习科学知识。故选C。 19. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ada knew of her mother’s thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating(阿达知道母亲想遏制她的创造性思维萌芽)”并结合“If you can’t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.(如果你不能给我诗歌，那就至少给我富有诗意的科学。)”可知，阿达既不想放弃想象力与创造力，又接纳了科学逻辑，意在寻找逻辑与想象结合的方式。故选D。 20. 细节理解题。根据第三段“It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage’s idea for a new calculating engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life.(正是通过玛丽·萨默维尔，阿达首次听说了查尔斯·巴贝奇关于新型计算机的构想。被这一想法吸引，阿达开始与他通信，这段交流最终决定了她的职业生涯。)”可知，与查尔斯·巴贝奇的交流决定了阿达的职业生涯。故选B。 21. 细节理解题。根据第五段“She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations. Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming.(她不仅翻译了文章，还添加了大量注释、计算与创新见解。她的注释于1843年发表，内容极具原创性，如今被视为现代计算机编程最早的全面阐释。)”可知，阿达不只是完成翻译，还加入了原创性思想，从而奠定了她的历史地位。故选C。 Passage 7 (2025-2026学年度江苏常州市武进区前黄高级中学高一上学期期末)In what would become one of her last interviews, Jane sat with a faded photograph in her hands. The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee(黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals. Her fascination with Africa began not long after she learned to read. She discovered Dr. Doolittle at eight, and Tarzan and the Apes by ten. It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.” London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt. This firm belief became her life’s foundation. A memory from age four captures this: she had disappeared for four hours, causing considerable concern, only to be discovered sitting contentedly in the henhouse, absorbed in watching the hens and wondering where their eggs came from. Instead of scolding her, her mother saw the profound wonder in her daughter’s eyes. Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles. Tributes(颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.” 22. Why is the toy Jubilee mentioned? A. It shows the fears it created in her childhood. B. It highlights its inspiring role in her life. C. It justifies her bond with family social circle. D. It functions as her first scientific subject. 23. What does “wasn’t on the table” suggest in paragraph 2? A. Wildlife study was unsuitable for women. B. Scientific practice was set under the table. C. Society could accommodate girls’ ambition. D. Female scientists were less acknowledged. 24. What quality did Jane get from her family education? A. Curiosity and persistence. B. Ambition and competitiveness. C. Creativity and imagination. D. Gentleness and care. 25. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To launch a pioneering campaign. B. To introduce a promising career. C. To remember a guardian of nature. D. To awaken a passion for wildlife. 【答案】22. B 23. A 24. A 25. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了动物学家简·古道尔的生平，包括童年玩具带来的启发、追梦历程、家庭支持、毕生的科研与环保工作，以及她对后世的深远影响。 22. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee(黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals.(这张照片里，幼时的珍抱着父亲送她的一岁生日礼物 —— 一只名为朱比利的毛绒黑猩猩玩偶。她回忆道：“母亲的朋友们看到这个玩具都吓坏了，觉得它会吓到我，还会让我做噩梦。”可恰恰是这个玩偶，唤起了她对世界的好奇之心，也改变了人类对动物的认知。)”以及上文可知，玩具Jubilee对她的人生起到了启发和激励的作用。故选B项。 23. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.”(就在那时，她许下心愿：长大后要去非洲，与野生动物相伴，还会写下关于它们的书。那是在1944年，二战正激烈，女性成为专业人士的想法在当时“wasn’t on the table”。)”可知，简在1944年提出要从事野生动物研究的职业理想，而当时的社会背景下，女性成为专业人士的想法不被接受，即“野生动物研究不适合女性”。故选A项。 24. 推理判断题。根据第三段“London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt.(生于伦敦的珍始终将自己的成就归功于父母 —— 商人莫蒂默・赫伯特与小说家玛格丽特・约瑟夫 —— 正是他们给予了自己莫大的支持。当其他孩子嘲笑她这份与众不同的梦想时，母亲总会宽慰她说：真正的梦想，需要付出不懈的努力、抓住机遇，且永远不向疑虑低头。)”以及母亲支持她观察母鸡的好奇心可知，简从家庭教育中获得了好奇心和坚持不懈的品质。故选A项。 25. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles.(她的工作定义了她的一生——直到生命的尽头。尽管年事已高，简每年仍旅行300天，向学生、科学家和学者们发表演讲。最近，她在美国进行巡回演讲时，在洛杉矶的一家酒店睡觉时与世长辞。)”以及第五段中的“Tributes (颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.”(来自四面八方的颂词如潮水般涌来。巴拉克·奥巴马说：“简在灵长类动物研究和环境保护重要性方面的工作，为一代又一代的女性科学家打开了大门。”威廉王子称赞她“拥有无限的好奇心、同情心和开拓精神。她激励我们所有人做出改变，也鼓舞着我和无数人致力于保护我们的星球。”)”可知，文章详细回顾了简·古道尔毕生致力于灵长类动物研究与环保事业的事迹，以及她去世后获得的广泛赞誉，所以本文的目的是缅怀这位伟大的自然守护者。故选C项。 Passage 8 (2025-2026学年度福建漳州市期末高中教学质量检测)Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees(黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined(下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist(人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal(部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 26. What challenged people’s understanding of human? A. Goodall’s story. B. Chimps’ using tools. C. Chimps’ leading ability. D. Goodall’s observations. 27. What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A. Her open mind. B. Her high degree. C. Her good patience. D. Her rich training. 28. What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. A strong desire. B. An absence of concern. C. A failure to make decisions. D. A feeling of self-confidence. 29. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Proof of Redefining Human B. A Storyteller of Animal Protection C. A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D. A Project for Chimpanzee Research 【答案】26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍珍·古道尔在黑猩猩研究方面的开创性贡献、研究特点，以及她为动物保护和环境所做的努力，展现其榜样力量。 26. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，黑猩猩会使用工具这一发现，挑战了人们对人类的理解。故选B项。 27. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. (古道尔开始工作时并没有接受过正规的科学训练，但利基正是因为这个原因选择了她。他认为，开放的心态对于突破性发现至关重要且必不可少，并认为正规训练有时会限制创造力。)”可知，利基选择古道尔的主要原因是她拥有开放的心态。故选A项。 28. 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other. (也就是说，我们每个人都必须对自己的生活负责，最重要的是，要尊重和热爱我们周围的生物，尤其是彼此。)”可知，古道尔认为我们需要有责任感、懂得尊重和热爱，由此可推断，前文提到的“对未来最大的危险”应是与“负责、关爱”相反的态度，即“冷漠、不关心”。因此猜测apathy意为“冷漠、缺乏关心”。故选B项。 29. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段中的“She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” (她还做出了一项开创性的发现：黑猩猩会使用工具。在此之前，科学家们认为只有人类会使用工具。这一发现让人类学家路易斯·利基宣称：“现在我们必须重新定义工具，重新定义人类，或者接受黑猩猩也是人类。”)”可知，文章主要围绕珍·古道尔展开，重点介绍了她在坦桑尼亚贡贝森林对黑猩猩进行的开创性研究——发现黑猩猩会使用工具、研究黑猩猩的领导特质，以及她未接受正规训练却凭借开放心态取得突破性成果，展现了她在黑猩猩研究领域的先驱地位。因此C项“大猩猩研究领域的先驱”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 Passage 9 (2025-2026学年度安徽安庆市桐城市桐城中学高一上学期2月期末)Jane Goodall, a worldwide name, passed away in 2025 at the age of 91. Her life’s work changed how humans see themselves in connection with the animal world. In 1960, at 26 and without a university degree, Jane arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania. Her task was to study wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩). With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. She found that chimpanzees not only used tools but also made them — a behavior once thought only to be for humans. She also noticed that each chimp had a special personality. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Flo, treating them as independent ones. Her findings published in magazines and her bestselling book In the Shadow of Man made her famous. They showed the line between humans and animals is much thinner than once believed. Later she earned a Ph.D. from Cambridge University. However, Jane’s journey didn’t end in the forest. In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist(全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. She started the Jane Goodall Institute and a young people’s program called Roots & Shoots, delivering a message of hope and action. She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike(远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. Jane Goodall’s true contribution is valued not in prizes, but in the millions she inspired — especially young women — and in the greater understanding and care for chimpanzees and our shared planet. She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. 30. What can we learn about Jane Goodall’s early research? A. It made her lose a degree. B. It was supported by experts. C. It was done in the laboratory. D. It required good qualities. 31. Why did Goodall become a global activist in 1986? A. She wanted to make herself famous. B. She felt she must deal with risks. C. She lost interest in doing research. D. She was inspired by a program. 32. What is Goodall’s opinion on hope and change? A. Speeches spread hope. B. Hope drives change. C. Teenagers bring hope. D. Science needs change. 33. Which of the following best describes Goodall? A. Open-minded. B. Self-centered. C. Warm-hearted. D. Strong-minded. 【答案】30. D 31. B 32. B 33. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简述了珍妮·古道尔博士的一生，她从在野外研究黑猩猩并取得突破性发现的科学家，转变为投身全球环保宣传与教育的活动家，用自身行动表明希望是促成改变的强大力量。 30. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. (凭借着极大的耐心和坚定的意志，她赢得了他们的信任，并取得了令科学界震惊的发现。)”可知，珍妮·古道尔的早期研究需要良好的品质：耐心和意志力。故选D项。 31. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist (全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. (1986年，在了解到黑猩猩所面临的危险之后，她从一名科学家转变为了一名全球性的活动家。她四处奔走，发表演讲以激励人们保护自然环境。)”可知，古道尔成为全球活动家，是因为她觉得自己必须去应对黑猩猩面临的风险。故选B项。 32. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. (她通过自己的行动向世人证明，希望是一种推动改变的强大力量。)”可知，古道尔认为希望是推动改变的强大力量。故选B项。 33. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. (凭借着极大的耐心和坚定的意志，她赢得了他们的信任，并取得了令科学界震惊的发现。)”和第五段“She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike (远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. (她勇敢地面对挑战。一位同事讲述的一个故事是这样的：她曾经历了一次艰难的森林徒步之旅，结果双脚严重受伤。第二天早上，她找到了保护双脚的简单方法。到了第二天，她就自己动手了，表现出了务实和独立的精神。)”可知，古道尔依靠极大的耐心和坚强的意志才得以完成早期研究，面对身体挑战时她展现出独立与适应能力，这些都是“意志坚强”的表现。故选D项。 Passage 10 (2025-2026学年度河北枣强中学高一年级期末)Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects. “The happiest time of my childhood was in the farm fields. I squatted(蹲) there, observing the activities of insects, including ants building their homes and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of curiosity about this world,” says Chen. The experiences in his childhood planted a seed deep in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new species living and extinct. “I was ‘healed’ by nature,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to share the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals. including insects. He has ever visited the Amazon rainforest several times, trying to discover new species. One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young. “Several million ants can live in one nest, but their activities are very orderly,” says Chen. Chen points out that leaf-cutter ants are not the only species to have magical abilities. “If we humans believe we are the smartest beings in the world, we may be limited to this preconception (成见). If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom,” he says. 34. Why did Chen Rui focus his attention on insects in his childhood? A. He loved playing in the farm fields every day. B. He wanted to become a researcher in the future. C. He couldn’t talk and had no friends his own age. D. His parents asked him to observe insect activities. 35. What aspect of leaf-cutter ants’ behavior impress Chen most? A. Their skill in building large underground nests. B. Their strong and powerful defense against enemies. C. Their ability to communicate through sound signals. D. Their highly organized division of labor among groups. 36. What does Chen Rui expect people to do? A. Take inspiration from other species. B. Protect nonhuman things around us. C. Explore the world of science. D. Apply theories to our lives. 37. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Leaf-cutter Ants: An Amazing Species B. Chen Rui’s Adventures in the Amazon C. Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature D. The Joys of Childhood in the Fields 【答案】34. C 35. D 36. A 37. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了中国科学院动物研究所研究员陈瑞的成长经历、科研成就以及他对自然和人类关系的深刻见解。 34. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects.(这位37岁的中国科学院动物研究所研究员直到4岁才会说话。他身边没有同龄的朋友，这让他把注意力转向了身边的非人类事物。他对昆虫世界产生了极大的兴趣)”可知，陈瑞在童年时期因为不会说话且没有同龄朋友，所以将注意力转向了昆虫。故选C项。 35. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young.(他发现的一种昆虫是切叶蚁，这种昆虫具有强大的合作和耕作能力。他们的紧密合作给他留下了深刻的印象。他观察到，蚂蚁被分成不同的小组，分别负责切割叶子、运输收获的碎片、清除障碍物、保卫蚁群和照顾幼蚁)”可知，切叶蚁的群体间高度有序的分工合作给陈瑞留下了深刻印象。故选D项。 36. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom.(相反，如果我们谦逊并把所有其他生物视为我们的老师，我们就能获得无尽的智慧)”可知，陈瑞期望人们能从其他物种中汲取灵感，谦逊地向它们学习。故选A项。 37. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”.(大自然是陈瑞的“童年家园”)”讲述陈睿如何因童年经历与自然结缘、第二段中“I was ‘healed’ by nature.(我被大自然‘治愈’了)”讲述如何被自然“治愈”并投身科学研究和最后一段中“If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom.(相反，如果我们谦逊并把所有其他生物视为我们的老师，我们就能获得无尽的智慧)”讲述他通过研究发现(如切叶蚁)并倡导人类应向自然学习的故事可知，全文围绕陈睿与自然的关系及其理念展开，故C选项“Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature (陈睿：一位被大自然治愈的人)”最能概括文章的核心内容和主旨，最适合作文章标题。故选C项。 Passage 11 (2025-2026学年度福建宁德市区域性联合第一学期期末高一质量检测)In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study. After returning to Tsinghua, Yang immediately threw himself into a very compressed work schedule, keeping his active attitude towards scientific research and teaching. In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students. One of Yang’s main concerns was to communicate with the next generation of scientists, hoping to inspire more young people with an interest in the field to contribute to the development of scientific fields in China. At the International Science Master Forum, when a senior high school student asked about “how to develop and keep creative spirit and curiosity”, Yang answered that research on the frontiers(前沿) of science generally goes through both painful times and happy times. “I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction,” he said. “Being down-to-earth and simple” is both Yang Chen-Ning’s expectation for Chinese science and his personal life belief. It is a belief that this influential physicist of our time has practiced for his whole life. 38. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Heavy. B. Open. C. Light. D. Suitable. 39. What did Yang do as a teacher at Tsinghua in 2004? A. He designed a new curriculum for freshmen. B. He gave lessons weekly and prepared test papers. C. He wrote textbooks for General Physics. D. He started the International Science Master Forum. 40. According to Yang, what is important for scientific research? A. Avoiding challenges that seem too difficult. B. Keeping trying and knowing when to change. C. Working fast instead of being perfect. D. Practising personal life belief. 41. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A brochure. B. A fashion magazine. C. A newspaper. D. A research paper. 【答案】38. A 39. B 40. B 41. C 【导语】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了杨振宁回到曾就读的清华园后，身兼要职且工作繁重，仍坚持授课监考，还寄语青年科研者保持坚持与变通的心态，一生践行务实质朴的信念。 38. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room.(2004年秋季学期，82岁的杨老师仍为四个新生班级讲授普通物理学课程。他每周有两节课和一次办公室辅导时间，还会准备期中和期末考试的题目，并亲自在考场监督考试)”可知，82岁的杨振宁仍为四个新生班讲授普通物理，每周有两节课、一次答疑时间，还会出期中/期末考题、到考场监考，可见他的工作安排十分“繁重的”，故划线词意思是“繁重的”。故选A。 39. 细节理解题。根据第二段“He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students.(他每周有两节课和一次办公室辅导时间，还要准备期中和期末考试的试题，并且会在考场中监督考试。他为学生们树立了一个很好的榜样)”可知，2004年，杨在清华大学担任教师时每周授课，并准备考试试卷。故选B。 40. 细节理解题。根据第三段“I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction(我认为你必须同时保持两种非常重要的心态：第一，无论发生什么情况都不要放弃。第二，如果你真的觉得再也无法继续下去了，那你就需要找到一个新的方向)”可知，据杨所说，对于科学研究而言，重要的是坚持不懈地努力，并且知道何时该做出改变。故选B。 41. 推理判断题。根据第一段“In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study.(在清华大学校园的西北角矗立着科学楼，这里是高等研究院的所在地。清华大学于1997年设立了这个研究院，杨振宁担任其名誉院长。2002年，杨决定回到这所大学——“清华园”，那是他曾经求学的地方)”结合文章主要说明了杨振宁回到曾就读的清华园后，身兼要职且工作繁重，仍坚持授课监考，还寄语青年科研者保持坚持与变通的心态，一生践行务实质朴的信念。可知，文章选自报纸的人物版块。故选C。 Passage 12 (2025-2026学年度云南罗平县第一中学2025-2026学年上学期期中)Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases. They are Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell from America, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan. They find a special kind of cell(细胞). These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. This is very important. Without these “police” cells, our body may get ill. A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene(基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well. The work of these three scientists helps many sick people. Now, doctors are thinking of new ways to help people with some long-time illnesses. They can use these “police” cells to make the body’s system better. This can also help people after an organ transplant(器官移植). Their finding is a big change in how we see our body. 42. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic of the Nobel Prize and this year’s winners. B. To explain how the three scientists did their research. C. To tell the readers how to win a Nobel Prize. D. To list all the winners of the Nobel Prize this year. 43. What is the main job of the “police” cells? A. To fight all the small things. B. To help the system know “us”. C. To find people who are ill. D. To make new cells for the body. 44. What did Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find? A. The system in our body. B. A key gene called Foxp3. C. The first “police” cell. D. A new kind of small thing. 45. What is the most important message the writer wants to give to young students? A. Winning a Nobel Prize is the only sign of success. B. Teamwork is more important than having a dream. C. Great success requires a dream, hard work and working with others. D. Science is the most important subject to study. 【答案】42. A 43. B 44. B 45. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的三位获奖者(两位美国科学家、一位日本科学家)的核心研究成果，以及该成果的科学意义与实际应用价值。 42. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases.(每年，诺贝尔奖都会颁发给世界上最具才华的人士。他们的研究成果造福了所有人，也让世界变得更加美好。今年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了三位杰出的科学家。他们长期的研究为人类战胜疾病提供了新的方法)”可知，第一段首句介绍了诺贝尔奖的总体背景(每年颁发给对世界有贡献的杰出人才)，接着提到今年生理学或医学奖的三位得主及其研究意义；由此可知，第一段的目的是引出文章主题(诺贝尔奖)并介绍今年的获奖者。故选A。 43. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. (这些细胞就像我们身体里的“警察”。它们帮助系统了解“我们”，并阻止它与我们对抗)”可知，“警察”细胞的作用是帮助免疫系统识别“自身”，并防止系统攻击自身。故选B。 44. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene. They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. (随后在2001年， Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell发现了一个名为Foxp3的关键基因。他们发现如果这个基因发生异常，人就可能罹患重病)”可知Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell在2001年发现了一个关键基因Foxp3，并证明该基因缺陷会导致疾病。故选B。 45. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases.(今年，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了三位伟大的科学家。他们的长期研究为世界提供了一种对抗疾病的新方法)”以及第三段中“A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene (基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well.(过去人们认为该机制仅作用于人体特定部位，但Shimon Sakaguchi却不这么认为。1995年，他发现了这些“警察”细胞，并将其命名为调节性T细胞。起初，很多人不相信他。随后在2001年， Mary E. Brunkow和Fred Ramsdell发现了一个名为Foxp3的关键基因。他们发现如果这个基因发生异常，人就可能罹患重病。两年后，Shimon Sakaguchi进一步论证了Foxp3基因对调节性T细胞正常功能的决定性作用)”可知，文章通过三位科学家的经历(如Sakaguchi的坚持、Brunkow和Ramsdell的发现及后续合作)，强调成功需要梦想(长期研究目标、质疑旧观点)、长期的努力(多年研究)和团队合作(科学家间的相互验证)；由此可推断，作者想给年轻学生的最重要的信息是伟大的成功需要梦想、努力工作和与他人合作。故选C。 Passage 13 (2025-2026学年度江苏镇江市第二学期高一期中质量监测)The concept of “Information cocoon”, first proposed by Harvard professor Cass Sunstein, has become an increasingly significant issue. It refers to the phenomenon where individuals are limited to a narrow range of information that matches their existing preferences and beliefs, cut off from diverse viewpoints. The formation of information cocoons is driven by two primary forces. Technologically, complicated algorithms(算法) on social media, news, and video platforms analyze user behavior such as clicks, likes, and search history to deliver personalized content. For example, TikTok and Google push similar short videos or articles based on users’ browsing history, creating a closed cycle. The more similar content users consume, the more similar their feeds become. Socially, people naturally tend to associate with like-minded peers, strengthening shared views and avoiding conflicting opinions. Together, these factors trap individuals within a comfortable but closed information cage. Information cocoons bring far-reaching harms to individuals and society. Weng Zhihao, associate professor at Fudan University, notes that long-term exposure to one-sided information narrows people’s worldview and suppresses (压制) their critical thinking. For individuals, teenagers addicted to entertainment short videos will lose the ability of in-depth reading and thinking. For society, rumors about health products spread rapidly in cocoons, misleading the public and disrupting social order. Breaking information cocoons requires joint efforts from individuals, platforms and society. Liu Xingliang, an expert on information and communication, suggests that improving algorithm mechanisms and strengthening media literacy(素养)education are the keys to solving the problem. Individuals should actively expand information sources and check information from multiple channels; platforms should adjust algorithms to push diverse content; society should promote media literacy to guide the public to think independently. This self-built information cage, like a silkworm’s cocoon, provides short-term comfort but limits mental development over the long term. Only through joint efforts, technological improvement, and educational guidance can we break out of these cocoons, forming a more informed, inclusive, and progressive society. 46. What’s the main function of the first paragraph? A. To point out a problem. B. To explain a concept. C. To introduce the topic. D. To present a phenomenon. 47. What does the example of TikTok and Google highlight in paragraph 2? A. The similarity between apps. B. A trap caused by technology. C. The popularity of short videos. D. The benefit of personalized content. 48. What does the underlined word “disrupting” mean in paragraph3? A. disturbing. B. encouraging. C. removing. D. establishing. 49. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. Improve the algorithms. B. Escape the silent cage. C. Limit entertainment app. D. Promote media literacy. 【答案】46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文解释信息茧房的定义、形成原因与危害，指出它会束缚思维，并呼吁个人、平台与社会共同努力冲破信息茧房。 46. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The concept of “Information cocoon”, first proposed by Harvard professor Cass Sunstein, has become an increasingly significant issue. It refers to the phenomenon where individuals are limited to a narrow range of information that matches their existing preferences and beliefs, cut off from diverse viewpoints.(哈佛大学教授凯斯・桑斯坦首次提出的 “信息茧房” 概念已然成为愈发严峻的问题。它指人们只接触契合自身偏好与观点的狭隘信息，隔绝多元看法的现象。)”可知，本段开篇引出全文中心话题信息茧房，为下文讲成因、危害、解决办法做铺垫，并非单纯下定义，主要作用是引入话题。故选C项。 47. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Technologically, complicated algorithms (算法) on social media, news, and video platforms analyze user behavior such as clicks, likes, and search history to deliver personalized content. For example, TikTok and Google push similar short videos or articles based on users’ browsing history, creating a closed cycle.(从技术层面来说，各大平台复杂的算法会分析用户行为并推送个性化内容。例如抖音和谷歌会根据浏览记录推送相似内容，形成封闭循环。)”可知，该例子说明了技术带来的信息禁锢陷阱。故选B项。 48. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“For society, rumors about health products spread rapidly in cocoons, misleading the public and disrupting social order.(对于社会而言，保健品谣言在茧房中快速传播，误导大众，disrupting社会秩序。)”可知，谣言会扰乱社会秩序，所以猜测disrupting意为“扰乱、妨碍”。故选A项。 49. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“This self-built information cage, like a silkworm’s cocoon, provides short-term comfort but limits mental development over the long term. Only through joint efforts, technological improvement, and educational guidance can we break out of these cocoons, forming a more informed, inclusive, and progressive society.(这种自我构筑的信息茧房，如同蚕茧一般，虽能带来短暂的安逸，却从长远来看束缚了思维的发展。唯有通过各方共同努力、技术优化以及教育引导，我们才能冲破这些茧房，构建一个见闻更广、包容开放、积极进步的社会。)”可知，本文解释信息茧房的定义、形成原因与危害，指出它会束缚思维，并呼吁个人、平台与社会共同努力冲破信息茧房。所以B项“Escape the silent cage(冲破沉默的牢笼)”符合语境，适合用作标题。故选B项。 Passage 14 (2025-2026学年度江苏南京市第一中学第二学期4月阶段性检测)Language is embedded in almost every aspect of the way we interact with the world. It’s hard to imagine what it would be like not to have it. What would be the result if we didn’t have names for things or didn’t have experience talking about things that hadn’t actually happened? Would we be able to think? What would our thoughts be like? The answer to the question of whether thought is possible without language depends on what you mean by “thought”. Can you experience impressions and feelings without language? Yes, and very few would argue otherwise. But there is a difference between being able to experience “pain” and possessing the concept “pain”. Most would say true thought involves having the concept. Many artists and scientists say they do not use words to solve problems, but images. The autistic author Temple Grandin, in explaining how she thinks with images rather than in language, says that concepts for her are collections of images. Of course, Grandin has language, and knows how to use it, so it is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it, but that there are people who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way she describes. There is evidence that deaf people cut off from language possess the ability to think before being exposed to language. Also, the sign languages developed by deaf students without language models display the kind of thinking that goes far beyond mere sensory impression or practical problem solving. However, while it appears that we can indeed think without language, there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by language. Language gives us symbols we can use to fix ideas, reflect on them, and hold them up for observation. It allows for a level of abstract reasoning we wouldn’t have otherwise. The philosopher Peter Carruthers has argued that there is a type of inner language thinking that allows us to bring our own thoughts into awareness. We may be able to think without language, but language lets us know we are thinking. 50. What does the author intend to show with the experience of Temple Grandin? A. People without language can’t think. B. Language has no influence on thinking. C. Some people may think in a non-language way. D. Autistic people have a special way of using language. 51. How does the author develop the argument that thought can exist without language? A. By tracing the history of linguistic theories. B. By providing multiple counterexamples (反例). C. By conducting a controlled experiment. D. By relying on a single personal story. 52. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. Language makes abstract reasoning easier. B. Language is merely useful for reflection. C. Language is a must for people to understand the world. D. Language restricts people’s ability to think visually. 53. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. Thinking Without Language B. The Power of Abstract Reasoning C. How Language Shapes Our World D. Temple Grandin’s Unique Experience 【答案】50. C 51. B 52. A 53. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了语言与思维之间的关系，特别是是否可以在没有语言的情况下进行思考。 50. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many artists and scientists say they do not use words to solve problems, but images. The autistic author Temple Grandin, in explaining how she thinks with images rather than in language, says that concepts for her are collections of images.(许多艺术家和科学家说，他们不用语言来解决问题，而是用图像。自闭症作家Temple Grandin在解释她如何用图像而不是语言思考时说，对她来说，概念是图像的集合)”可知，Temple Grandin通过图像而不是语言来思考，这表明有些人可能以非语言的方式进行思考。故选C项。 51. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, Grandin has language, and knows how to use it, so it is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it, but that there are people who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way she describes.(当然，Grandin会使用语言，也知道如何使用它，所以很难说她的思考有多少受到了语言的影响，但确实有一些人在使用语言的能力上有缺陷，并以她描述的方式思考)”以及第五段“There is evidence that deaf people cut off from language possess the ability to think before being exposed to language. Also, the sign languages developed by deaf students without language models display the kind of thinking that goes far beyond mere sensory impression or practical problem solving.(有证据表明，与语言隔绝的聋人在接触语言之前就具备思考的能力。此外，没有语言模型的聋哑学生开发的手语所显示的思维类型远远超出了单纯的感官印象或实际问题的解决)”可知，作者通过提供多个反例来论证没有语言也可以进行思考这一观点。故选B项。 52. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, while it appears that we can indeed think without language, there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by language. Language gives us symbols we can use to fix ideas, reflect on them, and hold them up for observation. It allows for a level of abstract reasoning we wouldn’t have otherwise.(然而，尽管我们似乎确实可以在没有语言的情况下进行思考，但某些类型的思考是由语言促成的。语言为我们提供了可以用来固定想法、反思它们并展示它们以供观察的符号。它允许我们进行一种我们原本无法进行的抽象推理)”可知，语言使得抽象推理变得更加容易。故选A项。 53. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“The answer to the question of whether thought is possible without language depends on what you mean by “thought”.(在没有语言的情况下是否可以思考的问题的答案取决于你对“思考”的定义)”以及最后一段“However, while it appears that we can indeed think without language, there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by language.(然而，尽管我们似乎确实可以在没有语言的情况下进行思考，但某些类型的思考是由语言促成的)”可知，文章主要探讨了在没有语言的情况下是否可以进行思考的问题，故A项“Thinking Without Language(没有语言的思考)”是本文的最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 15 (2025-2026学年度陕西榆林市靖边中学第二学期第一次月考)When we think about the role of AI-powered robots in our lives, what do we really want them to do? Take our jobs or make decisions for us? Probably not that either. But what about doing housework? OK, now you’re talking! That’s the idea behind LG’s newest creation. Its human-like CLOiD robot, developed by the South Korean company, aims to make housework “a thing of the past”. It’s part of the company’s plans to move toward a home that requires almost no human labor. This new robot can prepare meals, fold clothes, get things from the fridge and put dishes in the dishwasher. It moves on wheels and works with other LG products in a user’s home. Some people have simple house robots already, but perhaps not quite like this. It’s got a head, arms, five fingers to grab things, and a body that can tilt (倾斜) to adjust its height between 105 centimeters and 143 centimeters. LG says CLOiD can communicate with humans through spoken language and facial expressions, and learn more about the tasks it needs to finish in the house. So far, it sounds a lot like the robots we’ve seen in sci-fi movies! But a report points out that while CLOiD might allow you to put your feet up, it might not do anything very quickly. Technology website The Verge says the robot takes 30 seconds to put one item in the washing machine. It takes a long time to fold clothes, too. It’s not clear whether LG is going to begin selling CLOiD anytime soon. Until then, perhaps you’ll just have to ask your children to do housework — or do it yourself! 54. How does the author lead in the topic? A. By mentioning an expert. B. By giving an explanation. C. By raising questions. D. By telling a story. 55. What is the main goal of CLOiD? A. To free humans from housework. B. To help children with homework. C. To make decisions for families. D. To monitor other LG products. 56. What can we know from the report concerning the robot? A. It is highly efficient at doing laundry. B. Its working speed needs improving. C. It has been widely used by families. D. Its height can be adjusted within seconds. 57. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Robots Learn from Humans B. Why Housework Is a Challenge for Robots C. A Big Change in the Future Workplace D. A New Robot Helper for Housework 【答案】54. C 55. A 56. B 57. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了LG公司新研发的家用机器人CLOiD，旨在帮助人们完成家务，让家务成为过去式。 54. 推理判断题。根据第一段“When we think about the role of AI-powered robots in our lives, what do we really want them to do? Take our jobs or make decisions for us? Probably not that either. But what about doing housework? OK, now you’re talking! That’s the idea behind LG’s newest creation.(当我们想到人工智能机器人在我们生活中的角色时，我们真正希望它们做什么呢？是取代我们的工作还是为我们做决定？可能都不是。但做家务怎么样呢？好的，现在你算是说到点子上了！这就是LG最新创意背后的想法。)”可知，作者通过提问的方式引出话题。故选C。 55. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Its human-like CLOiD robot, developed by the South Korean company, aims to make housework “a thing of the past”.(这款由韩国公司开发的人形机器人CLOiD旨在让家务成为“过去式”。)”可知，CLOiD的主要目标是让人们从家务中解放出来。故选A。 56. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But a report points out that while CLOiD might allow you to put your feet up, it might not do anything very quickly. Technology website The Verge says the robot takes 30 seconds to put one item in the washing machine. It takes a long time to fold clothes, too.(但一份报告指出，虽然CLOiD可能会让你放松，但它可能不会很快完成任何事情。科技网站The Verge称，这款机器人需要30秒才能将一件物品放入洗衣机。它叠衣服也需要很长时间。)”可知，CLOiD的工作速度有待提高。故选B。 57. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是结合第一段“When we think about the role of AI-powered robots in our lives, what do we really want them to do? Take our jobs or make decisions for us? Probably not that either. But what about doing housework? OK, now you’re talking! That’s the idea behind LG’s newest creation.(当我们想到人工智能机器人在我们生活中的角色时，我们真正希望它们做什么呢？是取代我们的工作还是为我们做决定？可能都不是。但做家务怎么样呢？好的，现在你算是说到点子上了！这就是LG最新创意背后的想法。)”可知，本文主要介绍了LG公司新研发的家用机器人CLOiD，旨在帮助人们完成家务，让家务成为过去式，故D项“A New Robot Helper for Housework(一个新的家务机器人助手)”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度广东省广州市海珠区广州市第六中学高一上学期期末)Can a machine ever hold a full human mind? Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. 1 The question is whether machines can ever really think in all these aspects. The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make-decisions for itself terrifies many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. 2 Others are comforted by the thought that maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Both dreams imagine robots already owning real sorrow, joy, or conscience — feelings no existing machine actually has. 3 The computer only wins with clear rules and huge data. It learns from our clicks and commands. Yet today’s AI already beats humans in many areas. AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as a personal assistant in our smartphones. 4 Researchers are also testing AI in driverless cars that sense surroundings and choose the best route. All these achievements are only possible when AI stays connected to hard facts and vast data. Until that all-thinking machine arrives, today’s AI stays a narrow, data-tied helper. Do you think that research can one day link memory, language, feeling, and open self-modelling into one united, self-centred machine? If so, is there really a difference between AI and a human? Before all these unknowns are solved, the difference stays clear: 5 A. AI’s sharp, adaptive mind quietly makes life smoother. B. It is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. C. It reads X-rays quickly, but cannot understand a patient’s worry. D. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans. E. The creation of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. F. Humans dream first, then build; machines only mirror whatever is placed in front of them. G. In addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. 【答案】1. G 2. D 3. E 4. B 5. F 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能(AI)是否能真正拥有人类思维(如自主决策、学习、创造、情感)这一问题，对比了人类思维与当前AI的差异，并指出了在实现真正拥有自我意识、情感和创造力的全能AI之前，人与机器的本质区别。 1. 上文“Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. (人类能够无需他人输入而自主决策，并能从经验中学习)”列举了人类思维的两个特点(自主决策、从经验学习)。G选项“In addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. (此外，人类能够从自身灵感出发，为了自身愉悦而创造事物)”通过“In addition”与前文构成并列关系，补充了人类思维的另一个关键且独特的能力——基于内在灵感和乐趣的创造性。这进一步丰富了“人类思维”的内涵，为下文“The question is whether machines can ever really think in all these aspects.(问题是机器是否真的能在所有这些方面进行思考)”的提问提供了更全面的背景。故选G项。 2. 上文“The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make-decisions for itself terrifies many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. (一台全能、能为自己思考和决策的计算机的想法让许多人感到恐惧。在一些电影中，AI甚至决定所有人类都必须被消灭)”描述了人们对全能AI的恐惧，并举例电影中的极端情节。D选项“Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans. (许多人也担心AI将被用来取代人类)”顺承上文，从对“被消灭”的极端恐惧，转向更为现实和普遍的担忧——AI取代人类的工作或角色。这拓宽了人们对AI潜在威胁的认知范围。下文“Others are comforted by the thought... (其他人则因想到……而感到安慰)”则转向了人们对AI的另一种态度，D选项正好与下文形成对比(担忧 vs 安慰)。故选D项。 3. 下文“The computer only wins with clear rules and huge data. It learns from our clicks and commands. Yet today’s AI already beats humans in many areas(计算机只在有明确规则和海量数据时才能取胜。它从我们的点击和命令中学习。然而，今天的AI已经在许多领域击败了人类)”和“All these achievements are only possible when AI stays connected to hard facts and vast data. Until that all-thinking machine arrives, today’s AI stays a narrow, data-tied helper. (所有这些成就只有在AI与硬事实和大量数据保持联系时才可能实现。在那台全能思考的机器到来之前，今天的AI仍是一个狭隘的、受数据束缚的助手)”分析了当前AI的局限(依赖规则和数据)和成就，并指出其离“全能思考机器”尚有距离。E选项“The creation of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. (创造一台能进行人类思维的全能计算机仍在进行中)”位于段首，作为本段的主题句，概括了下文的全部内容：真正拥有人类思维的全能计算机尚未实现，其创造仍在进程中，这与下文的“Until that all-thinking machine arrives”和“today’s AI stays a narrow, data-tied helper”完全呼应。故选E项。 4. 上文“AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as a personal assistant in our smartphones. (AI已经在互联网搜索引擎和智能手机个人助手中取得了巨大成功)”列举了AI成功的两个应用领域。B选项“It is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. (它也被用于诊断问题并提出解决方案)”通过“also”与前文构成并列关系，补充了AI成功的另一个重要应用领域——问题诊断和方案建议，例如在医疗、工程等领域。这进一步说明了AI在特定领域的强大辅助能力。下文提到的无人驾驶汽车测试也属于此类“解决问题”的应用范畴。故选B项。 5. 上文“Do you think that research can one day link memory, language, feeling, and open self-modelling into one united, self-centred machine? If so, is there really a difference between AI and a human? Before all these unknowns are solved, the difference stays clear: (你认为研究有一天能将记忆、语言、情感和开放的自我模型连接成一个统一的、以自我为中心的机器吗?如果是这样，AI和人类之间真的还有区别吗?在所有这些未知数被解决之前，区别仍然很明显：)”提出了关于未来AI是否能整合人类心智要素并模糊人机区别的疑问，并以“区别仍然很明显”引出需要点明的核心区别。F选项“Humans dream first, then build; machines only mirror whatever is placed in front of them. (人类先梦想，然后创造；机器只映射摆在它们面前的任何东西)”通过鲜明的对比，精准地概括了人类与当前甚至可预见的AI之间的本质区别：人类拥有内在的、主动的创造力和想象力(梦想并创造)，而机器本质上是对外部输入数据的被动反应和模仿(映射)。这有力地回答了上文的疑问，并为全文作结。故选F项。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年度黑龙江省哈尔滨市双城区兆麟中学月考) The best ways to improve creative thinking When it comes to creativity, one of our biggest concerns is usually how we can be more creative, or how to come up with better ideas. I’ve gathered some of the most practical studies to help improve creativity. All of these studies are useful for everyday creativity. 6 Embrace something absurd (荒谬的). 7 Absurd art makes the brain work extra hard for a moment when the mind tries to work out exactly what it is looking at or reading, which contributes to innovation to a large extent. I like reading interesting short stories like The Last Question when I am looking for some inspiration. Create when emotions run high. While many assume happiness is the key to creativity, recent research reached an important conclusion: 8 I’m not suggesting you put yourself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you find yourself in a strong emotional state, try sitting down and focus that energy on creating something. 9 Some research suggests that exercise can actually improve creative thinking as well, due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood. 10 In both cases, what matters isn’t the specific activity, but the positive emotional shift it creates. If you’re stuck in a creative job and want to take a break, try exercise while your brain is subconsciously at work. It may help to speed up your “Aha!” moment. A. Fuel creativity through workouts. B. Come up with more creative ideas. C. The more intense the emotion, the greater the creativity. D. Try a few out for yourself and see which ones work best for you. E. We are in two very different states of mind when we are trying to create something. F. Research suggests reading or experiencing such things can help improve creative thinking. G. It’s similar to how other research shows that thinking about love can produce more creative thoughts. 【答案】6. D 7. F 8. C 9. A 10. G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章中介绍了帮助提升创造力的几种方法。 6. 根据上文“I’ve gathered some of the most practical studies to help improve creativity. All of these studies are useful for everyday creativity.(我收集了一些最实用的研究成果，以帮助提升创造力。这些研究对日常创造力的提升都十分有益)”可知，作者要介绍一些帮助提升创造力的研究成果。由此可知，D. Try a few out for yourself and see which ones work best for you.(自己尝试一下其中的一些方法，看看哪些对你最有效)符合语境，建议读者尝试一下，从中选择适合自己的。故选D项。 7. 根据本段首句“Embrace something absurd (荒谬的).(接受一些荒诞的事物)”及下文“Absurd art makes the brain work extra hard for a moment when the mind tries to work out exactly what it is looking at or reading, which contributes to innovation to a large extent.(荒诞的艺术能让大脑在瞬间付出额外的努力，因为此时大脑需要确切地理解所看到或所读的内容，这在很大程度上促进了创新)”可知，本段指出大脑接受一些看似荒诞的事物可以提升创新力。由此可知，F. Research suggests reading or experiencing such things can help improve creative thinking.(研究表明，阅读或体验这类事物有助于提高创造性思维)符合语境，such things对应前文的“something absurd”。故选F项。 8. 根据本段首句“Create when emotions run high.(在情绪高涨时进行创作)”及下文“I’m not suggesting you put yourself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you find yourself in a strong emotional state, try sitting down and focus that energy on creating something.(我并不是建议你故意让自己处于不良情绪中来创作，但下次你发现自己处于强烈的情绪状态时，试着坐下来，将这种能量集中到创作上)”可知，本段中作者建议在情绪高涨状态下创作，这样有可能创作出好作品。由此可知，C. The more intense the emotion, the greater the creativity.(情绪越强烈，创造力就越大)符合语境，对应空前的“an important conclusion”。故选C项。 9. 该空为段首句应该是一个和下文有关的新的建议。根据下文“Some research suggests that exercise can actually improve creative thinking as well, due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood.(一些研究表明，运动实际上也能提升创造性思维，这是因为运动能够促使心脏跳动、让人心情愉悦)”可知，本段在讲身体锻炼会提升创造力。由此可知，A. Fuel creativity through workouts.(通过锻炼来激发创造力)符合语境。故选A项。 10. 根据下文“In both cases, what matters isn’t the specific activity, but the positive emotional shift it creates.(在这两种情况下，关键不在于具体的活动本身，而在于它所引发的积极情绪变化)”可知，作者在建议锻炼身体之后此处又例举了一种可以让人心情愉悦从而激发创造力的做法。由此可知，G. It’s similar to how other research shows that thinking about love can produce more creative thoughts.(这与另一些研究的结果类似，即思考爱能够激发更多的创造性想法)符合语境，锻炼和思考爱这两种情况都能使人产生积极情绪。故选G项。 Passage 3 (2025-2026学年度湖南省长沙市中嘉高级中学有限公司高一月考)Long, long ago people couldn’t write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. 11 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus(纸莎草)  plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. 12 So parchment(羊皮纸), made from goatskin, later took its place. In ancient China books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. 13 Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand. 14 They carved(雕刻) a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn’t until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. 15 Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy. A. But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt. B. It took years to finish making just one book. C. Finally books could be printed by the thousands. D. Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. E. Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. F. Books in the West didn’t change for a long time after that. G. The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little. 【答案】11. D 12. A 13. E 14. G 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章按时间顺序介绍了书籍载体的演变历史，从口耳相传到文字记录，再到埃及纸莎草纸、中国竹简、丝绸与纸、以及欧洲羊皮纸的相继使用，最后重点讲述了中国雕版印刷术的发明如何使书籍得以大规模、快速地生产，从而普及开来。 11. 上文“Long, long ago people couldn’t write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. (很久很久以前，人们不会写字，也没有书。但他们有故事。人们用心记住故事并互相教授新的。有时很难记住所有的故事)”描述了文字发明前，人们依靠记忆和口述传承故事的困难。D选项“Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. (当文字被发明时，情况变得稍微容易了一些)”承接上文，明确指出“文字的发明”是解决上述困难的关键转折点。下文开始讲述古埃及人在“纸莎草”上书写故事，正是对“writing was invented”之后情况的具体展开。D选项起到了从“史前”过渡到“有文字记录历史”的作用。故选D项。 12. 上文“People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. (其他地方的人们向埃及人学会了使用纸莎草纸)”指出纸莎草纸的使用传播到了埃及以外的地区。A选项“But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt. (但是纸莎草主要生长在埃及)”与上文构成转折关系，指出了纸莎草纸推广面临的一个根本性限制：其原材料(纸莎草)的地域局限性。下文“So parchment (羊皮纸), made from goatskin, later took its place. (所以，用山羊皮制成的羊皮纸后来取代了它)”则顺理成章地说明了由于纸莎草原材料短缺(主要在埃及)，人们找到了替代品——羊皮纸。A选项解释了为何需要寻找“parchment”这一替代品，是逻辑链条中的关键一环。故选A项。 13. 上文“Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. (由树木制成，纸比纸莎草纸或羊皮纸更容易且更便宜制造)”介绍了纸相对于前两种材料的优点(易得、便宜)。E选项“Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. (它的表面也更光滑，更适合书写)”通过“too (也)”这个递进词，进一步补充了纸的另一个优点——书写体验更好。这里的“Its surface”指代的就是上文提到的“paper (纸)”的表面。该选项使对纸的优点描述更加全面。下文“Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. (造纸术后来传播到西方，但这些早期书籍有一个大问题)”则转向讨论纸普及后书籍制作的另一个瓶颈，E选项的补充与下文形成顺畅的语义衔接。故选E项。 14. 下文“They carved (雕刻) a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. (他们将一页文字雕刻在一块木头或石头上。然后他们可以通过在木头或石头上涂上墨水并将其压在纸上来印刷这一页)”详细描述了一种早期的印刷技术(雕版印刷)。G选项“The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little. (中国人最先想到一个方法来稍微加快速度)”位于段首，作为总起句，点明本段要介绍的是中国人发明的、旨在加速书籍生产的方法。下文的雕版印刷正是对“a way to speed things up”的具体说明。上下文形成“总括-详解”的关系，且G选项中的“The Chinese”与下文的“They”形成指代关系。故选G项。 15. 上文“But it wasn’t until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. (但直到一位德国印刷工人发明了可移动的金属活字，书籍才变得快速且易于制作。这些活字可以用来印刷一份又一份副本，并且可以反复组合来印刷不同页的文字)”介绍了活字印刷术的发明及其带来的革命性变化(快速、批量、可重复使用)。C选项“Finally books could be printed by the thousands. (最终，书籍可以成千上万地印刷了)”是对上文活字印刷术效果的总结和升华，用“by the thousands”生动地描绘了书籍生产从手工复制到工业化规模印刷的巨大飞跃。下文“Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy. (曾经是只有富人才能购买的奢侈品，它们很快变成了人人都能享受的珍宝)”则是在C选项的基础上，进一步阐述书籍大规模生产带来的社会影响——普及化。C选项是连接技术革新与社会影响之间的关键句。故选C项。 Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度陕西蒲城县兴华高级中学第二学期3月月考)Camels are known as the “ships of the desert” They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills. 16 In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question; how can camels swim? The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly own the ability to swim. However it is not their preferred way of transportation. 17 They only adapt to watery environments when it is necessary. 18 Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat(漂浮) in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy(浮力). When camels enter the water, they use a leg-kicking movement, which allows them to move the water well. But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps(驼峰). 19 Thus, their swimming has nothing to do with humps. While camels might know swimming, they show skills, when faced with water blocks during their desert journeys. Their adaptability and unique features make them able to travel through different kinds of landscape. Whether it is the hot sands of the desert or the occasional water crossings, they always find a way to survive. Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. 20 A. Do you know why camels can stand heat. B. They usually simply float much of the time. C. The hump causes trouble for the camel when it swims. D. Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy. E. However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim? F. Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim. G. After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions. 【答案】16. E 17. G 18. F 19. D 20. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”，擅长在艰难环境中生存，引出骆驼是否会游泳的探讨，并阐述了骆驼的游泳能力、身体结构及适应性。 16. 上文“Camels are known as the ‘ships of the desert’. They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills.(骆驼被称为“沙漠之舟”。它们与在艰难环境中生存联系在一起。它们能够穿越炎热的沙丘进行长途旅行。)”描述了骆驼在沙漠中的生存能力，以及下文“ In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question; how can camels swim?(在这篇博客文章中，我们将探索骆驼这个有趣的世界，并深入探讨这样一个问题：骆驼怎么会游泳呢？)”可知，后文探讨的问题是“骆驼是怎么会游泳的”。E选项“However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim?(然而，你有没有想过这些生物是否会游泳？)”通过提出一个与前文不同的问题，即，骆驼是否会游泳，与前文构成转折，来引出下文关于骆驼游泳能力的探讨，符合题意。故选E。 17. 上文“The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly owns the ability to swim. However it is not their preferred way of transportation.(水对骆驼来说游泳很棒，骆驼当然也有游泳的能力。然而，这并不是它们首选的交通方式。)”说明了骆驼不喜欢游泳这种交通方式，G选项“After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions.(毕竟，这些沙漠生物最出名的是它们适应干燥环境的能力。)”进一步解释了为什么骆驼不首选游泳作为交通方式，即它们更擅长适应干燥环境，符合题意。故选G。 18. 下文“Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy.(它们大而柔软、厚实的脚能有效地使它们漂浮，防止它们沉入松软的沙子中，它们毛茸茸的皮毛能捕捉空气，提供浮力。)”描述了骆驼的特殊身体结构如何帮助它们游泳，F选项“Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim.(骆驼有一些特殊的身体结构使它们能够游泳。)”作为下文的总起句，概括了骆驼游泳的原因，即骆驼的一些特殊身体结构，符合题意。故选F。 19. 上文“But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps.(但重要的是要澄清一个常见的误解。骆驼并不在驼峰里储存水。)”指出了关于骆驼驼峰的一个常见误解，D选项“Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy.(它们的驼峰实际上储存的是脂肪，很少提供浮力。)”进一步解释了驼峰的真实功能，即储存脂肪而非水，且很少提供浮力，符合题意。故选D。 20. 上文“Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. (毫无疑问，骆驼在水中的技能比人们最初想象的要高超得多。它们或许算不上是奥运游泳选手。)”描述了骆驼在水中的技能令人惊叹，但是它们算不上奥运游泳选手。B选项“They usually simply float much of the time.(它们大部分时间通常只是漂浮着。)”进一步指出骆驼在水中的行为，即它们大部分时间只是漂浮，解释了并不能成为奥运游泳选手的原因，符合题意。故选B。 Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度湖南衡阳市高一多校联考)A good night’s sleep or even a quick nap leaves you recharged and energetic. While it’s possible to fall asleep anywhere, people always look for comfortable places to get some sleep. The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend(趋势). 21 The sleeper lies in the middle, with soft pillows and blankets(毯子) all around. What Is a Potato Bed 22 It is created by putting comfortable items together — pillows, feather quilts, natural cloth and blankets. This sleeping way can provide warmth and gentle deep pressure. To make a potato bed, you can begin by turning a bedsheet that normally fits around a cushion, upside down. Then, line its inside edge with blankets and pillows. Fill a comfortable quilt in the middle and then get in. Cocooning(作茧) for a Better Night’s Sleep The potato bed is all about “cocooning” or building a comfortable “nest-like” sleeping space. This sleeping method may support better rest. It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. 23 When and How to Use the Potato Bed Cocooning may help reduce anxiety by creating a sense of being held, but the trend isn’t for everyone. It may not be suitable for young children, pets or disabled persons as they may struggle to safely move in limited spaces. 24 That can cause backaches. For this reason, experts suggest using this trend only for a short period of time, rather than throughout the night. Testing Out the Potato Bed Another possible concern about this trend is that some may become dependent on it to fall asleep. However, for many, the potato bed provides a harmless and calming experience. 25 If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. A. So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. B. It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. C. Thick blankets can create too much heat. D. You had better tell your family before making it. E. A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. F. It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you. G. The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. 【答案】21. B 22. E 23. A 24. G 25. F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了新型睡眠方式“土豆床”，说明其构造、助眠优势，同时指出适用人群、潜在问题，并给出测试是否适合自己的方法。 21. 由上文“The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend (趋势). (“土豆床” 是一种新的生活方式潮流。)”可知，空格处需要对“土豆床”进行形象化解释。B项“It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. (它让人们像煮熟的土豆一样睡觉。)”符合语境，其中it指代上文“potato bed”，有承上作用。故选B项。 22. 由上文“What Is a Potato Bed (什么是土豆床)”可知，空格处需要给出土豆床的定义。E项 “A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. (土豆床是一个无比舒适的睡眠角落。)” 符合语境，该句直接对主题进行定义，总领本段内容。故选E项。 23. 由上文“It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. (它让你的身体感到平静，内心感到安全。)”可知，空格处需要说明这种感受带来的结果。A项“So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. (因此，你会更容易入睡。)”符合语境，该句承接上文好处，有承上作用。故选A项。 24. 由下文“That can cause backaches. (那会导致背痛。)”可知，空格处需要说明导致背痛的原因。G 项“The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. (土豆床也可能导致不自然的睡姿。)”符合语境，该句引出下文不良后果，有承上作用。故选G项。 25. 由下文“If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. (如果你睡了一晚好觉，醒来没有任何疼痛，那么很可能你的睡眠状况良好，睡眠环境也很棒。)”可知，空格处需要引出测试是否适合自己的内容。F项“It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you.(很容易测试土豆床是否适合你。)”符合语境，该句总领下文测试方法，有承上作用。故选F项。 ( 27 / 35 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 单元话题---科学家、科学发现和科学精神 (阅读理解15篇+阅读理解七选五5篇) 01 主题介绍 02 高考模拟演练 03 阅读理解专练 本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”,话题是“科学家、科学发现和科学精神”,涉及的语篇类型有：新闻报道、策划方案、演讲、事实档案。本单元帮助学生认识科学发现的巨大推动作用,理解科学家的责任担当和科学精神的价值所在。阅读有关科学家的故事，加深对改变世界的科学家这一话题的理解。掌握和运用与常见的科学这一主题相关的词汇、语法等知识；感受中外科学家的优秀品质,精神,相同点和不同点。 (2025新高考I卷)Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头): boiling and filtering(过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 12. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A. By quoting an expert. B. By defining a concept. C. By giving examples. D. By providing statistics. 13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A. The hardness of water. B. The length of cooling time. C. The frequency of filtering. D. The type of plastic in water. 14. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A. The importance of plastic recycling. B. The severity of the microplastic problem. C. The danger in overusing pure water. D. The difficulty in treating polluted water. 15. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A. Choice of new research methods. B. Possible direction for further study. C. Need to involve more researchers. D. Potential application of the findings. 阅读理解 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度四川师范大学附属中学下学期高一3月适应性测试英语试题)If you’re looking for new headphones(头戴式耳机) and want to try something different, House of Marley could be a good choice for you. As a company created by the Marley family to carry on Bob Marley’s love for both music and the planet, the company creates attractive and timeless products that are good for the earth. Today we tried out a new type of over-car headphone which you could get with high quality at a really fair price. Battery Offering 32 hours of playback with noise canceling turned off, and 26 hours turned on, the headphones will get you through several days of listening to good music without charging(充电) the batteries. You can use them longer if you put them on airplane mode. And the quick-charge technology will allow you to enjoy a two-hour playback after just 15 minutes of charging. Sound The most important thing here is the sound. It has a lot of sound quality for you to choose from, with clear sound that will sound great on a classical track. You can also design the sound to your liking on the app. Material Made of wood and reusable aluminum(铝), the headphones weigh quite a bit but it’s not to say that they’re uncomfortable. The special ear pads(衬垫) fit around the ears closely, and the underside of the headband also has lots of soft pads so you can’t feel uncomfortable even afterhours of listening. Costs: RRP £199. If over-ear headphones aren’t your thing, you can’t go wrong with our other excellent products. 1. Which of the following can best describe the products of House of Marley? A. Beautiful. B. Traditional. C. World-famous. D. Environmentally friendly. 2. What is special about the new type of headphone? A. It has long battery life. B. It works best in airplane mode. C. It can be fully charged in 15 minutes. D. It can recognize environmental noise easily. 3. Why are there many soft pads? A. To make the headphones unbreakable. B. To make the headphones look beautiful. C. To make people feel physically comfortable. D. To improve the sound quality of headphones. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年度江苏省苏州市工业园区星海实验中学高一年级下学期期中) Museum of the Future Dubai When in Dubai, most of us associate this Emirates city with religion, cultural impact, entertainment, and iconic construction. The Museum of the Future Dubai is an exhibition space focusing on future technologies, innovative(创新的) services, and products. The Museum founded by the Dubai Future Foundation has three main features: green hill, building and space. The goal of the Museum is to push technological development, especially in the robotics and artificial intelligence fields. The museum has held several exhibitions since its opening in 2016. One of the impressive exhibition themes held in 2017 was “Climate Change Re-imagined: Dubai 2050”, which adopted a theme set in 2050 exploring how human beings could applaud and accept innovations despite global warming and climate change. The Museum of the Future was designed by Killa Design architecture studio which aims to show its level of environmental friendliness in real estate. The outside of the building has windows forming an Arabic poem by Dubai’s ruler about the Emirate’s future. The words written on the Museum frontage(正面) are three quotes from Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates. The Museum is suitable for the entire family. You will witness the biodiversity of the rainforest, helping you discover new species. Future Heroes is an area only for kids, encouraging young citizens to imagine, design, and build through creativity activities. Come, prepare for a journey into the future by checking out the Museum of the Future. It is a cross-bridge between the past and the future and a great experience for all ages. 4. Why was the Museum built? A. To highlight Dubai’s culture. B. To promote developing technology. C. To invent domestic robots. D. To advertise for artificial intelligence. 5. What do we know about Killa Design architecture studio? A. It is intended for kids. B. It organizes different activities for families. C. Its theme is Climate Change Re-imagined. D. It has an awareness of the environmental protection. 6. What can visitors do in the Museum? A. Explore the space in the past. B. Deal with climate change successfully. C. Acquire some knowledge of biology. D. Meet Vice President and Prime Minister. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年度广东省广州市越秀区广州市第三中学高一上学期1月月考英语试题)You really can make free phone calls using the Internet. Google Meet Google Meet is an app-to-app calling service that works across desktop and mobile platforms. Video meetings are encrypted(加密), it also supports audio calls, and you can form massive group calls with up to 100 people. What’s more appealing is that Google Meet display s real-time captions(字幕) as the other person is speaking. Signal Signal lets you send and receive texts, make voice and video calls (including group calls), and share your location and files. It was developed with a focus on privacy and security; it uses end-to-end encryption to protect your messages and calls, so only you and the recipient can see or hear what you’re exchanging. Google Voice Google Voice is one of the best ways to make a call over the Internet. You get a real phone number, so you can make free calls to an actual phone number. Free calls you make with Google Voice must be to numbers in the United States or Canada, and they’re limited to three hours. However, you can continue to make a free call to the same number over and over again. WhatsApp Meta-owned WhatsApp is a popular texting app with hundreds of millions of users. However, you can also call your WhatsApp friends right from the app using only your Internet connection. You just need to confirm your phone number to get started. Once you’re using the app, you can start a new conversation to clearly see which of your contacts are also using WhatsApp, and then you can call them for free no matter where in the world they’re located. Group calls can include as many as 32 people. 7. What is a feature of Google Meet? A. You can see what the speaker says. B. It can be used for free anywhere in the world. C. No password is needed to attend online meetings. D. Over 100 people can attend online meetings meantime. 8. Which of the following apps is limited to certain areas? A. Google Meet. B. Signal. C. Google Voice. D. WhatsApp. 9. In what section of a newspaper will the text probably appear? A. Health. B. Environment. C. Education. D. Technology. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度湖南娄底市新化县高一上学期期末质量检测)On June 4, 2025, Wei Dongyi, a well-known mathematics professor at Peking University, launched his official social media account. Verified(证实) by the platform and supported by his family, the account shares mathematical knowledge, interacts with the public, and corrects false information. Wei is renowned for his exceptional mathematical abilities. As a high school student, he won two gold medals with full marks at the International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in 2008 and 2009, setting a Chinese record in the process. His unique “Wei Method” surprised his peers and experts alike. At the age of 28, he became a professor at Peking University, specializing in complex mathematical problems. His research has achieved significant breakthroughs, with publications in top-tier(顶尖的) academic journals. The new account posts math content suitable for all levels. His first video, in which he simply says, “Hello, I’m Wei Dongyi”, attracted over 10 million followers within three days (by June 7). Gaokao students flooded the comments section with exam-related wishes, turning it into a virtual “wishing pool”. Wei’s family emphasizes that the account is intended for sharing knowledge, not for making a profit. Despite his fame, he leads a modest lifestyle, often seen carrying steamed buns(馒头) and water, and remains focused on teaching. Through this initiative, Wei hopes to foster a love of math among young people. By sharing his expertise, he aims to inspire a deeper interest in the subject. 10. The underlined word “renowned” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________. A. strict B. famous C. young D. careful 11. What can we learn about Wei Dongyi’s social media account? A. It was launched with the help of his students. B. It only shares advanced mathematical knowledge. C. It attracted 10 million followers on June 4, 2025. D. It aims to share knowledge and interact with the public. 12. Why did Gaokao students leave wishes in the comments section? A. They wanted to learn the “Wei Method” from Wei. B. They hoped to get good scores in the Gaokao. C. They wanted to ask Wei to solve math problems. D. They hoped Wei would share more exam tips. 13. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Wei Dongyi’s great achievements in mathematics. B. Wei Dongyi’s modest lifestyle and teaching spirit. C. The launch of Wei Dongyi’s social media account and its purpose. D. How Wei Dongyi’s social media account became popular quickly. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度湖南长沙市明德中学高一下学期3月阶段测试)Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive(互相排斥) career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is reappearing among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害) to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks current science communication initiatives rely too often on public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. Scientists and poets are both trying to understand the world and communicate that understanding with others. The gap between scientists and poets is less than people might think. We’re all just people with hopefully really interesting things to say and to share. 14. What is the purpose of mentioning the famous people in paragraph 1? A. To display they were talented. B. To confirm they were out of favor. C. To encourage different career paths. D. To show poetry and science can be combined. 15. What are Illingworth’s workshops aimed to do? A. Promote a new science-poetry journal. B. Inspire outsiders to pursue their careers in science. C. Encourage science communication through poems. D. Get scientists to exchange ideas about the latest research. 16. What does Illingworth think of the present ways of science communication? A. Complex. B. Creative. C. Effective. D. Traditional 17. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Scientists Take on Poetry B. Scientists and Poets Think Alike C. Poetry: A Great Tool to Question the World D. Science Communication: A Two-way Dialogue Passage 6 (2025-2026学年度河南郑州市金水区实验中学下学期月考)Ada Lovelace was born on December 10th, 1815. Ada’s mother and father (the famous poet Lord George Gordon Byron) parted just weeks after she was born. Her mother feared her growing up with her father’s changeable nature. To stop this from happening, Ada was forced by her mother to learn science and mathematics which was unusual for women at the time. She was also punished if her work was not up to standard. However, she was greatly interested in mathematics and science and would perhaps have learned about them on her own. Ada was partially disabled and as a result spent much time studying. Ada knew of her mother’s thought about keeping the creative side of her from germinating(萌芽), however, as Ada herself is known to have said, “If you can’t give me poetry at least give me poetical science.” Ada married at 19, to William King who was made Earl of Lovelace in 1838, at which point she became Lady Ada King, the Countess of Lovelace, but was known as Ada Lovelace. Ada and King had a relatively happy marriage, with King even encouraging his wife’s love for numbers. During her youth Ada was introduced to the Scot, Mary Somerville, who was known as the “Queen of 19th Century Science” and was the first woman to be accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. It was through Mary Somerville that Ada first heard of Charles Babbage’s idea for a new calculating(计算) engine. Attracted by this idea, Ada began a period of letter-writing with him that would come to decide her professional life. Ada met Babbage when she was around 17 and the two became close friends. Babbage was working on an “Analytical Engine”, something he was designing to deal with complex(复杂的) calculations. Ada was later asked to translate an article. She not only translated the article but added pages and pages of notes, calculations and innovations(创新). Her notes were published in 1843 and it turned out that what she had written was so original, it is now seen as the first comprehensive comment on what would become modern-day computer programming. Although impressive, Ada was not actually given credit for the article until 1848. 18. What happened to Ada in her childhood? A. She was expected to be a scientist. B. She was greatly cared for by her father. C. She was pushed to learn scientific knowledge. D. She was greatly influenced by her father’s nature. 19. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?’ A. Ada preferred science over literature. B. Ada believed poetry was of less value than science. C. Ada accepted her mother’s plan without complaints. D. Ada looked for a way to combine logic with imagination. 20. What decided Ada’s professional life? A. Her introduction to Mary Somerville. B. Her communication with Charles Babbage. C. Her husband’s encouragement and support. D. Her being accepted into the Royal Astronomical Society. 21. How did Ada’s relationship with Babbage shape her place in history? A. She simply assisted him with his work. B. She lost interest after meeting him in person. C. She went beyond translation and added original ideas. D. She took full credit for designing the Analytical Engine. Passage 7 (2025-2026学年度江苏常州市武进区前黄高级中学高一上学期期末)In what would become one of her last interviews, Jane sat with a faded photograph in her hands. The image showed the baby Jane holding her first birthday gift from her father — a stuffed chimpanzee(黑猩猩) Jubilee. “My mother’s friends were horrified by this toy, thinking it would frighten me and give me nightmares,” she recalled. Instead, it led to her sense of wonder about the world and changed humankind’s understanding of animals. Her fascination with Africa began not long after she learned to read. She discovered Dr. Doolittle at eight, and Tarzan and the Apes by ten. It was then that she announced she was going to grow up, go to Africa, live with wild animals, and write books about them. This was in 1944, when World War II was raging and the idea of women as professionals “just wasn’t on the table.” London-born Jane always credited her parents — businessman Mortimer Herbert and novelist Margaret Joseph — for their support. When other children teased her unusual dream, her mother reassured her: true dreams demand tireless work, seizing opportunity, and never giving in to doubt. This firm belief became her life’s foundation. A memory from age four captures this: she had disappeared for four hours, causing considerable concern, only to be discovered sitting contentedly in the henhouse, absorbed in watching the hens and wondering where their eggs came from. Instead of scolding her, her mother saw the profound wonder in her daughter’s eyes. Her work defined her life — right up to the end. Despite her old age, Jane traveled 300 days a year, delivering talks to students, scientists, and academics. She was on a speaking tour in the U. S. when she passed away recently in her sleep at a hotel in Los Angeles. Tributes(颂词) flooded in from far and wide. “Jane’s work on primates and the importance of conservation opened the doors for generations of women in science,” Barack Obama said. Prince William praised her “infinite curiosity, compassion, and pioneering spirit. She challenged us all to make a difference and inspired me and countless others to work to protect our planet.” 22. Why is the toy Jubilee mentioned? A. It shows the fears it created in her childhood. B. It highlights its inspiring role in her life. C. It justifies her bond with family social circle. D. It functions as her first scientific subject. 23. What does “wasn’t on the table” suggest in paragraph 2? A. Wildlife study was unsuitable for women. B. Scientific practice was set under the table. C. Society could accommodate girls’ ambition. D. Female scientists were less acknowledged. 24. What quality did Jane get from her family education? A. Curiosity and persistence. B. Ambition and competitiveness. C. Creativity and imagination. D. Gentleness and care. 25. What’s the purpose of the text? A. To launch a pioneering campaign. B. To introduce a promising career. C. To remember a guardian of nature. D. To awaken a passion for wildlife. Passage 8 (2025-2026学年度福建漳州市期末高中教学质量检测)Jane Goodall’s research on chimpanzees(黑猩猩) redefined what it meant to be human. She offers a perfect example of how to change the world for the better without becoming negative, or narrow-minded. Her life journey is truly inspiring. As a little girl in the 1930s England, she was amazed at the animals in her backyard. Later, her pioneering research on chimpanzees in Tanzania challenged the way people defined(下定义) what it meant to be human. Goodall’s observations in the forests of Gombe, Tanzania, showed that the most successful chimp leaders were gentle and caring. She also made a pioneering discovery: chimpanzees use tools. Until then, scientists believed only humans could use tools. This discovery caused anthropologist(人类学家) Louis Leakey to declare, “Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man, or accept chimpanzees as human.” Goodall wasn’t formally trained in science when she began her work, but Leakey chose her for that very reason. He believed an open mind was extremely important and necessary for breakthrough discoveries and held the view that the formal training sometimes limited creativity. He also thought women might be more patient and observant than men — a belief Goodall proved right. She treated animals as individuals with emotions, gave them names rather than numbers, and described their communities as being almost tribal(部落). Goodall was also a storyteller. She believed in the power of stories to help people understand animals and nature. Through the Jane Goodall Institute, she started Roots & Shoots, which teaches children how to help animals and the environment. One of her most powerful lessons is this: “The greatest danger to our future is our apathy. That’s to say, each one of us must take responsibility for our own lives, and above all, show respect and love for living things around us, especially each other.” Goodall’s warmth, and love for animals always made her a role model for the world. 26. What challenged people’s understanding of human? A. Goodall’s story. B. Chimps’ using tools. C. Chimps’ leading ability. D. Goodall’s observations. 27. What mainly caused Leakey to choose Goodall? A. Her open mind. B. Her high degree. C. Her good patience. D. Her rich training. 28. What does the underlined word “apathy” probably mean in paragraph 4? A. A strong desire. B. An absence of concern. C. A failure to make decisions. D. A feeling of self-confidence. 29. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. A Proof of Redefining Human B. A Storyteller of Animal Protection C. A Pioneer in Chimpanzee Research D. A Project for Chimpanzee Research Passage 9 (2025-2026学年度安徽安庆市桐城市桐城中学高一上学期2月期末)Jane Goodall, a worldwide name, passed away in 2025 at the age of 91. Her life’s work changed how humans see themselves in connection with the animal world. In 1960, at 26 and without a university degree, Jane arrived at Gombe National Park in Tanzania. Her task was to study wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩). With great patience and strong will, she won their trust and made discoveries that shocked the scientific world. She found that chimpanzees not only used tools but also made them — a behavior once thought only to be for humans. She also noticed that each chimp had a special personality. She gave them names like David Greybeard and Flo, treating them as independent ones. Her findings published in magazines and her bestselling book In the Shadow of Man made her famous. They showed the line between humans and animals is much thinner than once believed. Later she earned a Ph.D. from Cambridge University. However, Jane’s journey didn’t end in the forest. In 1986, after learning about the dangers facing chimpanzees, she changed from a scientist into a global activist(全球活动家). She traveled endlessly, giving speeches to inspire people to protect nature. She started the Jane Goodall Institute and a young people’s program called Roots & Shoots, delivering a message of hope and action. She faced challenges bravely. A story from a workmate describes a difficult hike(远足) through a forest that left her feet badly hurt. The next morning, she learned a simple trick to protect her feet. By the following day, she was doing it herself, showing her practical and independent spirit. Jane Goodall’s true contribution is valued not in prizes, but in the millions she inspired — especially young women — and in the greater understanding and care for chimpanzees and our shared planet. She showed the world that hope is a powerful force for change through her actions. 30. What can we learn about Jane Goodall’s early research? A. It made her lose a degree. B. It was supported by experts. C. It was done in the laboratory. D. It required good qualities. 31. Why did Goodall become a global activist in 1986? A. She wanted to make herself famous. B. She felt she must deal with risks. C. She lost interest in doing research. D. She was inspired by a program. 32. What is Goodall’s opinion on hope and change? A. Speeches spread hope. B. Hope drives change. C. Teenagers bring hope. D. Science needs change. 33. Which of the following best describes Goodall? A. Open-minded. B. Self-centered. C. Warm-hearted. D. Strong-minded. Passage 10 (2025-2026学年度河北枣强中学高一年级期末)Nature was Chen Rui’s “childhood home”. The 37-year-old researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Zoology wasn’t able to talk until he was 4 years old. He didn’t have friends around his age, which led him to turn his attention to non-human things around him. He became extremely interested in the world of insects. “The happiest time of my childhood was in the farm fields. I squatted(蹲) there, observing the activities of insects, including ants building their homes and dragonflies flying low. I had so many questions about their activities and was full of curiosity about this world,” says Chen. The experiences in his childhood planted a seed deep in his heart. Decades later, he’s a scholar who has engaged in life-science investigations in nearly 100 countries and regions on five continents. He has found around 100 new species living and extinct. “I was ‘healed’ by nature,” he says. “I wanted to grow up to share the power of nature with more young people and to popularize understanding of animals. including insects. He has ever visited the Amazon rainforest several times, trying to discover new species. One insect variety he found was leaf-cutter ants, a species that shows powerful cooperation and farming abilities. He is impressed by their close cooperation. He observed that the ants are divided into different groups that are respectively responsible for cutting leaves, transporting harvested pieces, clearing obstacles out of the way, guarding the colony and taking care of the young. “Several million ants can live in one nest, but their activities are very orderly,” says Chen. Chen points out that leaf-cutter ants are not the only species to have magical abilities. “If we humans believe we are the smartest beings in the world, we may be limited to this preconception (成见). If we are instead humble and regard all other beings as our teachers, we can gain endless wisdom,” he says. 34. Why did Chen Rui focus his attention on insects in his childhood? A. He loved playing in the farm fields every day. B. He wanted to become a researcher in the future. C. He couldn’t talk and had no friends his own age. D. His parents asked him to observe insect activities. 35. What aspect of leaf-cutter ants’ behavior impress Chen most? A. Their skill in building large underground nests. B. Their strong and powerful defense against enemies. C. Their ability to communicate through sound signals. D. Their highly organized division of labor among groups. 36. What does Chen Rui expect people to do? A. Take inspiration from other species. B. Protect nonhuman things around us. C. Explore the world of science. D. Apply theories to our lives. 37. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Leaf-cutter Ants: An Amazing Species B. Chen Rui’s Adventures in the Amazon C. Chen Rui: A Person Cured by Nature D. The Joys of Childhood in the Fields Passage 11 (2025-2026学年度福建宁德市区域性联合第一学期期末高一质量检测)In the northwest corner of Tsinghua’s campus stands the Science Building, the location of the Institute for Advanced Study. Tsinghua University established this institute in 1997, with Yang Chen-Ning as its honorary director. In 2002, Yang made the decision to return to the University — “Tsinghua Garden”, where he used to study. After returning to Tsinghua, Yang immediately threw himself into a very compressed work schedule, keeping his active attitude towards scientific research and teaching. In the fall term of 2004, the 82-year-old Yang still lectured in General Physics to four freshman classes. He had two classes and one office hour per week, prepared exam questions for the mid-term and final exams, and was present in the examination room. He set a good example for the students. One of Yang’s main concerns was to communicate with the next generation of scientists, hoping to inspire more young people with an interest in the field to contribute to the development of scientific fields in China. At the International Science Master Forum, when a senior high school student asked about “how to develop and keep creative spirit and curiosity”, Yang answered that research on the frontiers(前沿) of science generally goes through both painful times and happy times. “I think there are two very important mindsets that you must keep at the same time: First, never give up no matter what happens. Second, if you really feel that you can’t go on any more, you need to find yourself a new direction,” he said. “Being down-to-earth and simple” is both Yang Chen-Ning’s expectation for Chinese science and his personal life belief. It is a belief that this influential physicist of our time has practiced for his whole life. 38. What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Heavy. B. Open. C. Light. D. Suitable. 39. What did Yang do as a teacher at Tsinghua in 2004? A. He designed a new curriculum for freshmen. B. He gave lessons weekly and prepared test papers. C. He wrote textbooks for General Physics. D. He started the International Science Master Forum. 40. According to Yang, what is important for scientific research? A. Avoiding challenges that seem too difficult. B. Keeping trying and knowing when to change. C. Working fast instead of being perfect. D. Practising personal life belief. 41. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A brochure. B. A fashion magazine. C. A newspaper. D. A research paper. Passage 12 (2025-2026学年度云南罗平县第一中学2025-2026学年上学期期中)Every year, the Nobel Prize is given to the greatest minds in the world. Their work helps all people and makes the world a better place. This year, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was given to three great scientists. Their long-term research has given the world a new way to fight diseases. They are Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell from America, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan. They find a special kind of cell(细胞). These cells are like the “police” in our body. They help the system know “us” and stop it from fighting us. This is very important. Without these “police” cells, our body may get ill. A long time ago, people think this system only works in one place in our body. But Shimon Sakaguchi does not think so. In 1995, he finds these “police” cells. He calls them regulatory T cells. At first, many people do not believe him. Then, in 2001, Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find a key gene(基因). They call it Foxp3. They find that if this gene is not good, people can get very ill. Two years later, Shimon Sakaguchi shows that this Foxp3 gene is very important for the “police” cells to work well. The work of these three scientists helps many sick people. Now, doctors are thinking of new ways to help people with some long-time illnesses. They can use these “police” cells to make the body’s system better. This can also help people after an organ transplant(器官移植). Their finding is a big change in how we see our body. 42. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To introduce the topic of the Nobel Prize and this year’s winners. B. To explain how the three scientists did their research. C. To tell the readers how to win a Nobel Prize. D. To list all the winners of the Nobel Prize this year. 43. What is the main job of the “police” cells? A. To fight all the small things. B. To help the system know “us”. C. To find people who are ill. D. To make new cells for the body. 44. What did Mary E. Brunkow and Fred Ramsdell find? A. The system in our body. B. A key gene called Foxp3. C. The first “police” cell. D. A new kind of small thing. 45. What is the most important message the writer wants to give to young students? A. Winning a Nobel Prize is the only sign of success. B. Teamwork is more important than having a dream. C. Great success requires a dream, hard work and working with others. D. Science is the most important subject to study. Passage 13 (2025-2026学年度江苏镇江市第二学期高一期中质量监测)The concept of “Information cocoon”, first proposed by Harvard professor Cass Sunstein, has become an increasingly significant issue. It refers to the phenomenon where individuals are limited to a narrow range of information that matches their existing preferences and beliefs, cut off from diverse viewpoints. The formation of information cocoons is driven by two primary forces. Technologically, complicated algorithms(算法) on social media, news, and video platforms analyze user behavior such as clicks, likes, and search history to deliver personalized content. For example, TikTok and Google push similar short videos or articles based on users’ browsing history, creating a closed cycle. The more similar content users consume, the more similar their feeds become. Socially, people naturally tend to associate with like-minded peers, strengthening shared views and avoiding conflicting opinions. Together, these factors trap individuals within a comfortable but closed information cage. Information cocoons bring far-reaching harms to individuals and society. Weng Zhihao, associate professor at Fudan University, notes that long-term exposure to one-sided information narrows people’s worldview and suppresses (压制) their critical thinking. For individuals, teenagers addicted to entertainment short videos will lose the ability of in-depth reading and thinking. For society, rumors about health products spread rapidly in cocoons, misleading the public and disrupting social order. Breaking information cocoons requires joint efforts from individuals, platforms and society. Liu Xingliang, an expert on information and communication, suggests that improving algorithm mechanisms and strengthening media literacy(素养)education are the keys to solving the problem. Individuals should actively expand information sources and check information from multiple channels; platforms should adjust algorithms to push diverse content; society should promote media literacy to guide the public to think independently. This self-built information cage, like a silkworm’s cocoon, provides short-term comfort but limits mental development over the long term. Only through joint efforts, technological improvement, and educational guidance can we break out of these cocoons, forming a more informed, inclusive, and progressive society. 46. What’s the main function of the first paragraph? A. To point out a problem. B. To explain a concept. C. To introduce the topic. D. To present a phenomenon. 47. What does the example of TikTok and Google highlight in paragraph 2? A. The similarity between apps. B. A trap caused by technology. C. The popularity of short videos. D. The benefit of personalized content. 48. What does the underlined word “disrupting” mean in paragraph3? A. disturbing. B. encouraging. C. removing. D. establishing. 49. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A. Improve the algorithms. B. Escape the silent cage. C. Limit entertainment app. D. Promote media literacy. Passage 14 (2025-2026学年度江苏南京市第一中学第二学期4月阶段性检测)Language is embedded in almost every aspect of the way we interact with the world. It’s hard to imagine what it would be like not to have it. What would be the result if we didn’t have names for things or didn’t have experience talking about things that hadn’t actually happened? Would we be able to think? What would our thoughts be like? The answer to the question of whether thought is possible without language depends on what you mean by “thought”. Can you experience impressions and feelings without language? Yes, and very few would argue otherwise. But there is a difference between being able to experience “pain” and possessing the concept “pain”. Most would say true thought involves having the concept. Many artists and scientists say they do not use words to solve problems, but images. The autistic author Temple Grandin, in explaining how she thinks with images rather than in language, says that concepts for her are collections of images. Of course, Grandin has language, and knows how to use it, so it is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it, but that there are people who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way she describes. There is evidence that deaf people cut off from language possess the ability to think before being exposed to language. Also, the sign languages developed by deaf students without language models display the kind of thinking that goes far beyond mere sensory impression or practical problem solving. However, while it appears that we can indeed think without language, there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by language. Language gives us symbols we can use to fix ideas, reflect on them, and hold them up for observation. It allows for a level of abstract reasoning we wouldn’t have otherwise. The philosopher Peter Carruthers has argued that there is a type of inner language thinking that allows us to bring our own thoughts into awareness. We may be able to think without language, but language lets us know we are thinking. 50. What does the author intend to show with the experience of Temple Grandin? A. People without language can’t think. B. Language has no influence on thinking. C. Some people may think in a non-language way. D. Autistic people have a special way of using language. 51. How does the author develop the argument that thought can exist without language? A. By tracing the history of linguistic theories. B. By providing multiple counterexamples (反例). C. By conducting a controlled experiment. D. By relying on a single personal story. 52. What could we learn from the last paragraph? A. Language makes abstract reasoning easier. B. Language is merely useful for reflection. C. Language is a must for people to understand the world. D. Language restricts people’s ability to think visually. 53. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. Thinking Without Language B. The Power of Abstract Reasoning C. How Language Shapes Our World D. Temple Grandin’s Unique Experience Passage 15 (2025-2026学年度陕西榆林市靖边中学第二学期第一次月考)When we think about the role of AI-powered robots in our lives, what do we really want them to do? Take our jobs or make decisions for us? Probably not that either. But what about doing housework? OK, now you’re talking! That’s the idea behind LG’s newest creation. Its human-like CLOiD robot, developed by the South Korean company, aims to make housework “a thing of the past”. It’s part of the company’s plans to move toward a home that requires almost no human labor. This new robot can prepare meals, fold clothes, get things from the fridge and put dishes in the dishwasher. It moves on wheels and works with other LG products in a user’s home. Some people have simple house robots already, but perhaps not quite like this. It’s got a head, arms, five fingers to grab things, and a body that can tilt (倾斜) to adjust its height between 105 centimeters and 143 centimeters. LG says CLOiD can communicate with humans through spoken language and facial expressions, and learn more about the tasks it needs to finish in the house. So far, it sounds a lot like the robots we’ve seen in sci-fi movies! But a report points out that while CLOiD might allow you to put your feet up, it might not do anything very quickly. Technology website The Verge says the robot takes 30 seconds to put one item in the washing machine. It takes a long time to fold clothes, too. It’s not clear whether LG is going to begin selling CLOiD anytime soon. Until then, perhaps you’ll just have to ask your children to do housework — or do it yourself! 54. How does the author lead in the topic? A. By mentioning an expert. B. By giving an explanation. C. By raising questions. D. By telling a story. 55. What is the main goal of CLOiD? A. To free humans from housework. B. To help children with homework. C. To make decisions for families. D. To monitor other LG products. 56. What can we know from the report concerning the robot? A. It is highly efficient at doing laundry. B. Its working speed needs improving. C. It has been widely used by families. D. Its height can be adjusted within seconds. 57. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. How Robots Learn from Humans B. Why Housework Is a Challenge for Robots C. A Big Change in the Future Workplace D. A New Robot Helper for Housework 阅读理解七选五 Passage 1 (2025-2026学年度广东省广州市海珠区广州市第六中学高一上学期期末)Can a machine ever hold a full human mind? Humans are capable of making decisions by themselves without input from others, and they can learn from experience. 1 The question is whether machines can ever really think in all these aspects. The idea of a computer that is all-powerful and can think and make-decisions for itself terrifies many people. In some films, AI even decides that all humans must be killed. 2 Others are comforted by the thought that maybe with AI, robots can be made to replace loved ones who have died. Both dreams imagine robots already owning real sorrow, joy, or conscience — feelings no existing machine actually has. 3 The computer only wins with clear rules and huge data. It learns from our clicks and commands. Yet today’s AI already beats humans in many areas. AI is already being used with great success in Internet search engines and as a personal assistant in our smartphones. 4 Researchers are also testing AI in driverless cars that sense surroundings and choose the best route. All these achievements are only possible when AI stays connected to hard facts and vast data. Until that all-thinking machine arrives, today’s AI stays a narrow, data-tied helper. Do you think that research can one day link memory, language, feeling, and open self-modelling into one united, self-centred machine? If so, is there really a difference between AI and a human? Before all these unknowns are solved, the difference stays clear: 5 A. AI’s sharp, adaptive mind quietly makes life smoother. B. It is also used to diagnose problems and suggest solutions. C. It reads X-rays quickly, but cannot understand a patient’s worry. D. Many people are also concerned that AI will be used to replace humans. E. The creation of an all-powerful computer capable of human thought is still in progress. F. Humans dream first, then build; machines only mirror whatever is placed in front of them. G. In addition, humans are able to create things from their own inspiration for their own pleasure. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年度黑龙江省哈尔滨市双城区兆麟中学月考) The best ways to improve creative thinking When it comes to creativity, one of our biggest concerns is usually how we can be more creative, or how to come up with better ideas. I’ve gathered some of the most practical studies to help improve creativity. All of these studies are useful for everyday creativity. 6 Embrace something absurd (荒谬的). 7 Absurd art makes the brain work extra hard for a moment when the mind tries to work out exactly what it is looking at or reading, which contributes to innovation to a large extent. I like reading interesting short stories like The Last Question when I am looking for some inspiration. Create when emotions run high. While many assume happiness is the key to creativity, recent research reached an important conclusion: 8 I’m not suggesting you put yourself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you find yourself in a strong emotional state, try sitting down and focus that energy on creating something. 9 Some research suggests that exercise can actually improve creative thinking as well, due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood. 10 In both cases, what matters isn’t the specific activity, but the positive emotional shift it creates. If you’re stuck in a creative job and want to take a break, try exercise while your brain is subconsciously at work. It may help to speed up your “Aha!” moment. A. Fuel creativity through workouts. B. Come up with more creative ideas. C. The more intense the emotion, the greater the creativity. D. Try a few out for yourself and see which ones work best for you. E. We are in two very different states of mind when we are trying to create something. F. Research suggests reading or experiencing such things can help improve creative thinking. G. It’s similar to how other research shows that thinking about love can produce more creative thoughts. Passage 3 (2025-2026学年度湖南省长沙市中嘉高级中学有限公司高一月考)Long, long ago people couldn’t write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. 11 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus(纸莎草)  plants. People in other places learned to use papyrus from the Egyptians. 12 So parchment(羊皮纸), made from goatskin, later took its place. In ancient China books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees, paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment. 13 Paper-making later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand. 14 They carved(雕刻) a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting it against paper. But it wasn’t until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words. 15 Once a luxury only the rich could buy, they soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy. A. But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt. B. It took years to finish making just one book. C. Finally books could be printed by the thousands. D. Things grew a little easier when writing was invented. E. Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too. F. Books in the West didn’t change for a long time after that. G. The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little. Passage 4 (2025-2026学年度陕西蒲城县兴华高级中学第二学期3月月考)Camels are known as the “ships of the desert” They have come to be connected with surviving in difficult situations. They can get through long journeys through hot sand hills. 16 In this blog post we will explore the interesting world of camels and dig into the question; how can camels swim? The water is wonderful for camels to swim, and camels certainly own the ability to swim. However it is not their preferred way of transportation. 17 They only adapt to watery environments when it is necessary. 18 Their large, soft, and thick feet function effectively to keep them afloat(漂浮) in preventing them from sinking into soft sand and their woolly fur can trap air, providing buoyancy(浮力). When camels enter the water, they use a leg-kicking movement, which allows them to move the water well. But it is important to clear up a common misunderstanding. Camels do not store water in humps(驼峰). 19 Thus, their swimming has nothing to do with humps. While camels might know swimming, they show skills, when faced with water blocks during their desert journeys. Their adaptability and unique features make them able to travel through different kinds of landscape. Whether it is the hot sands of the desert or the occasional water crossings, they always find a way to survive. Camels are undoubtedly more skilled in the water than one might initially think. They may not be Olympic swimmers. 20 A. Do you know why camels can stand heat. B. They usually simply float much of the time. C. The hump causes trouble for the camel when it swims. D. Their humps actually store fat and seldom offer buoyancy. E. However, have you ever wondered if these creatures swim? F. Camels have some special body structures that allow them to swim. G. After all, these desert creatures are best known for their ability to adapt to dry conditions. Passage 5 (2025-2026学年度湖南衡阳市高一多校联考)A good night’s sleep or even a quick nap leaves you recharged and energetic. While it’s possible to fall asleep anywhere, people always look for comfortable places to get some sleep. The “potato bed” is a new lifestyle trend(趋势). 21 The sleeper lies in the middle, with soft pillows and blankets(毯子) all around. What Is a Potato Bed 22 It is created by putting comfortable items together — pillows, feather quilts, natural cloth and blankets. This sleeping way can provide warmth and gentle deep pressure. To make a potato bed, you can begin by turning a bedsheet that normally fits around a cushion, upside down. Then, line its inside edge with blankets and pillows. Fill a comfortable quilt in the middle and then get in. Cocooning(作茧) for a Better Night’s Sleep The potato bed is all about “cocooning” or building a comfortable “nest-like” sleeping space. This sleeping method may support better rest. It makes your body feel peaceful and your mind feels safe. 23 When and How to Use the Potato Bed Cocooning may help reduce anxiety by creating a sense of being held, but the trend isn’t for everyone. It may not be suitable for young children, pets or disabled persons as they may struggle to safely move in limited spaces. 24 That can cause backaches. For this reason, experts suggest using this trend only for a short period of time, rather than throughout the night. Testing Out the Potato Bed Another possible concern about this trend is that some may become dependent on it to fall asleep. However, for many, the potato bed provides a harmless and calming experience. 25 If you have had a good night’s sleep, and you wake up with no aches and pains, then the chances are that you are sleeping fine and your sleeping environment is great. A. So, it’s easier for you to fall asleep. B. It lets people sleep like a cooked potato. C. Thick blankets can create too much heat. D. You had better tell your family before making it. E. A potato bed is an extra-comfortable sleeping corner. F. It’s easy to test whether potato-bedding works for you. G. The potato bed may also lead to unnatural sleeping positions. ( 19 / 19 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $