Unit 7 Space exploration (单元自测·广州专用）英语新教材沪教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 本试卷为广州专用八年级下册英语Unit 7培优卷，以太空探索为主题整合语言知识运用、阅读、项目情境及写作模块，适配单元复习，突出语言能力与科技素养、家国情怀的融合。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法选择|10题15分|非谓语动词、连词、时态等|以2099年宇宙旅行为情境，考查语法在连贯语篇中的应用| |完形填空|10题10分|词汇辨析、上下文逻辑|围绕火星生活畅想，设置"build a better world""space"等主题词汇| |阅读理解|15题30分|细节理解、推理判断|选用王亚平航天事迹、月球砖块研发等真实素材，渗透文化意识与思维品质| |项目情境题|10题20分|信息匹配、问题回答|结合"宇航员生活""太空垃圾"等情境，考查综合语言运用与学习能力| |写作|3题30分|语篇填词、语法填空、书面表达|以聂海胜、王亚平事迹为载体，整合语言输出与价值引领，提升表达能力|

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 7·培优卷（参考答案） 1. D　　 2. A　　 3. C　　 4. C　　 5. B　　 6. D　　 7. C　　8. A　　9. C　　10. A 11. C　　12. A　　13. A　　14. D　　15. B　　16. B　　17. D　　18. C　　19. B　　20. D 21. D　　22. C　　23. B　　24. A　　25. C　　26. C　　27. A　　28. B　　29. B　　30. D 31. A　　32. C　　33. D　　34. B　　35. B　　36. D　　37. B　　38. A　　39. E　　40. C 41. D　　42. A　　43. C　　44. F　　45. B --- 46.On 11 February 2026./It/China carried out the test on 11 February 2026. 47. Lunar missions./It/The Long March-10 is developed for lunar missions. 48. In the sea./They/The return capsule and the first stage of the rocket landed in the sea. 49. About 105 kilometres./It/The rocket reached about 105 kilometres during the test. 50. Chinese scientists and engineers./Chinese scientists and engineers will keep working hard for the moon dream. 51. mistakes 52. served 53. supply 54. hitting 55. gym 56.Finally 57. floats 58. amazing 59. To 60. to slow 作文 范文一 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong Province in 1980. Doing sports is her hobby and she exercises every day. In 1997, she joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. Then in 2010, she became a national astronaut. In 2013, she went into space on Shenzhou-10. During this mission, she gave China’s first space lesson. In 2021, she flew into space again on Shenzhou-13. For her great work, she was honored with the title “Heroic Astronaut”. I hope you can learn more about Chinese astronauts. Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 范文二 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong Province in 1980. She has a passion forsports for sport. In 1997, she joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. After years of hard work, she became a national astronaut in 2010. In 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave China’s first live space lesson to students. It was really amazing! In 2021, she flew into space again on Shenzhou-13, completing more exciting tasks. Because of her great contributions, she was honored with the title “Heroic Astronaut”. Wang Yaping’s story shows that dreams can come true with hard work. I hope you find her story inspiring. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 7·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用。(本大题共2大题，共25分) 第一节 语法选择(本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处选择一个适当的选项。 In the year 2099，every child on Earth had his or her own spacecraft. Of course，they were small and couldn't travel out of the solar system. This was fine for everyone except Stanley. He was curious and looking forward to __1____ around the whole universe，so he worked on his spacecraft ___2___ it could go anywhere! His friends，George and Amanda，were not ___3___ about Stanley's super spacecraft. "Who wants ___4___ the universe？" George asked. "Our solar system is big enough." "Just get into my spacecraft，" said Stanley. "Today I will take you on ___5___ amazing journey." When they got into the spacecraft，Stanley ___6___ everything. Soon the three friends were going to fly past the moon. "Now，watch this，" said Stanley. A red button ___7___ and the spacecraft went fast. Whoosh! George and Amanda grabbed their seats ___8___. The spacecraft flew much farther into space. Suddenly，they saw many tiny galaxies all around them. "Welcome to the universe，" said Stanley. Amanda gasped. "It is kind ___9___ you to offer us the trip." "Can the spacecraft ___10___ at the moon？I'd like to have a pizza. I'm really hungry," George said. "Of course!" said Stanley. His super spacecraft raced back to the moon. 1. A. travel　 B. travels　 C. travelled　 D. travelling 2. A. until　 B. when　 C. although　 D. if 3. A. excitement　 B. exciting　 C. excited　 D. excitedly 4. A. see　 B. saw　 C. to see　 D. seeing 5. A. a　 B. an　 C. the　 D. / 6. A. checks　 B. will check　 C. is checking　 D. was checking 7. A. pushes　 B. pushed　 C. was pushed　 D. was pushing 8. A. hard　 B. hardly　 C. harder　 D. hardest 9. A. with　 B. for　 C. of　 D. to 10. A. stop　 B. stopped　 C. is stopped　 D. be stopped 【答案】1. D　　2. A　　3. C　 4. C　　 5. B　　 6. D　　 7. C　　8. A　　9. C　　10. A 【导语】本文讲述了 Stanley 为实现探索宇宙的梦想，改造自己的飞船，并带着朋友 George 和 Amanda 开启宇宙之旅的故事，传递了勇于探索、敢于突破的精神。 1. D. travelling 解析：句意为 “他很好奇，盼望着环游整个宇宙”。固定搭配look forward to doing sth.表示 “盼望做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式，因此用travelling，故选 D。 2. A. until 解析：句意为 “所以他一直改进他的飞船，直到它能去任何地方！”。until意为 “直到…… 为止”，引导时间状语从句，符合 “持续改进飞船直到达成目标” 的语境；when（当…… 时）、although（虽然）、if（如果）均不符合逻辑，故选 A。 3. C. excited 解析：句意为 “他的朋友 George 和 Amanda 对 Stanley 的超级飞船并不感到兴奋”。此处修饰人（George and Amanda），需用形容词excited（感到兴奋的）；excitement是名词，exciting修饰事物（令人兴奋的），excitedly是副词，均不符合要求，故选 C。 4. C. to see 解析：句意为 “谁想去看宇宙？”。固定搭配want to do sth.表示 “想要做某事”，后接动词不定式，因此用to see，故选 C。 5. B. an 解析：句意为 “今天我要带你们开启一段奇妙的旅程”。此处表示 “一段” 泛指的旅程，用不定冠词；amazing以元音音素开头，因此用an，故选 B。 6. D. was checking 解析：句意为 “当他们进入飞船时，Stanley 正在检查所有设备”。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时（got into），主句表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时was/were + 现在分词，主语Stanley为单数，因此用was checking，故选 D。 7. C. was pushed 解析：句意为 “一个红色按钮被按下，飞船加速前进”。主语A red button与动词push是被动关系（按钮被按），且全文为过去时态，因此用一般过去时的被动语态was/were + 过去分词，即was pushed，故选 C。 8. A. hard 解析：句意为 “George 和 Amanda 紧紧抓住他们的座位”。此处修饰动词grabbed，需用副词hard（用力地、紧紧地）；hardly意为 “几乎不”，harder/hardest是比较级 / 最高级，语境无比较含义，故选 A。 9. C. of 解析：句意为 “你能带我们来这次旅行，真是太好了”。固定句型It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.用于评价人的品质（如 kind, nice, good 等），此处kind描述 Stanley 的品质，因此用of，故选 C。 10. A. stop 解析：句意为 “飞船能在月球上停下吗？”。情态动词can后接动词原形，因此用stop，故选 A。 第二节 完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. It is hoped that people could start all over again and　 11 　 a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like. At present，our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of　 12 　 to Mars﹣it would take months. With the development of technology，by the year 2100，the journey might 　 13 　 take about 20 minutes in spaceships that travel at the speed of light! So far，nobody knows whether there would be enough　 14 　 or air on Mars for people. After all，they are the most important to human life. Moreover，scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty. Compared with life on the earth，life on Mars would be 　 15 　 in some ways. People would have more　 16 　 .They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also，robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to 　 17 　 .There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would 　 18 　 at online schools with "e﹣teachers". However，life on Mars would be 　 19 　 .There are still many difficulties for us to overcome. It may take hundreds of years to make it 　 20 　 .So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our beautiful blue planet﹣the earth! 11 A. imagine B. protect C. build D. draw 12 A. passengers B. teachers C. doctors D. reporters 13 A. only B. even C. still D. hardly 14 A. money B. ice C. time D. water 15 A. cheaper B. better C. luckier D. slower 16 A. work B. space C. food D. light 17 A. express B. plan C. write D. relax 18 A. practice B. rest C. study D. sleep 19 A. exciting B. challenging C. surprising D. interesting 20 A .break out B. break down C. come out D. come true 【答案】11. C　12. A　13. A　14. D　　15. B　　16. B　　17. D　　18. C　　19. B　　20. D 【导语】 本文介绍了人们畅想的 2100 年火星生活，对比火星生活的优势与困难，最后呼吁大家保护地球。 11C. build 解析：结合语境，人们希望在火星重新开始，建造一个更好的世界。imagine 想象；protect 保护；build 建造；draw 画画。只有 build 符合句意，故选 C。 12A. passengers 解析：句意：目前，我们的宇宙飞船速度太慢，无法运送大量乘客前往火星。passengers 乘客；teachers 老师；doctors 医生；reporters 记者。故选 A。 13A. only 解析：随着科技发展，到 2100 年，光速飞船的旅程仅仅只需大约 20 分钟。only 仅仅；even 甚至；still 仍然；hardly 几乎不。故选 A。 14D. water 解析：结合常识可知，水和空气是人类生存最重要的必需品。money 金钱；ice 冰；time 时间；water 水。故选 D。 15B. better 解析：根据后文舒适住房、机器人干活等内容可知，火星生活在某些方面会更好。cheaper 更便宜；better 更好；luckier 更幸运；slower 更慢。故选 B。 16B. space 解析：由后文 “huge comfortable rooms（宽敞舒适的房间）” 可知，人们会拥有更多空间。work 工作；space 空间；food 食物；light 光线。故选 B。 17D. relax 解析：机器人会承担大量工作，因此人们有更多时间去放松。express 表达；plan 计划；write 书写；relax 放松。故选 D。 18C. study 解析：火星上没有实体学校，学生都会在网络学校跟着电子老师学习。practice 练习；rest 休息；study 学习；sleep 睡觉。故选 C。 19B. challenging 解析：根据下句 “还有许多困难需要克服” 可知，火星生活充满挑战。exciting 令人兴奋的；challenging 有挑战性的；surprising 令人惊讶的；interesting 有趣的。故选 B。 20D. come true 解析：句意：实现移居火星这件事可能需要数百年时间。break out 爆发；break down 出故障；come out 出版，发芽；come true 实现。故选 D。 二、阅读。(本大题共2大题，共35分) 第一节 阅读理解(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 A Waving her 5-year-old daughter goodbye, Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16. The 41-year-old Wang became the first female astronaut to enter Tiangong space station. During their six-month stay, Wang, along with Zhai and Ye, did experiments and set up robotic arms. Wang also did the first spacewalk as a Chinese woman, reported Xinhua. Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. After flying for 1,600 hours over nine years safely, Wang became an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” she told Xinhua. The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “There’s a red button,” said Wang. “If you can’t go on, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally led to realizing her dream in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission. Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. “Women seem to be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to get used to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.” Old NASA astronaut Catherine Coleman sent a greeting to Wang before the Shenzhou XIII trip. Coleman said, “When you look out the window and see the stars and the Earth, billions of women will be looking out that window with you.” Wang carries the spirit of every young woman who dreams of something big. 21. What does Wang’s words mean in Paragraph 2? A. The space environment is not easy to change. B. Both male and female astronauts can go to space. C. It’s harder for a woman to live in space than a man. D. Men and women will face the same difficulties in space. 22. Why didn’t Wang press the red button? A. Because it was dangerous. B. Because she became blind. C. Because she wanted to try her best. D. Because her brain was short of blood. 23. Which of the following best describes Wang Yaping according to the passage? A. Clever. B. Hard-working. C. Friendly. D. Warm-hearted. 24. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To praise Wang for setting an example for women. B. To show how lucky Wang is to see the planet we live on. C. To suggest Wang will invite other women to be with her. D. To tell that Wang helps many women realize their dreams. 25. What advantage do women have in long-term space missions? A. They have stronger bodies. B. They are less patient. C. They get used to weightlessness more easily. D. They need less training. 【答案】21. D　　22. C　　23. B　　24. A　　25. C　 【导语】 本文主要介绍了女航天员王亚平的航天追梦历程、艰苦训练、女性航天员的自身优势，以及她所代表的新时代女性勇于追梦的精神。 21. D 解析：第二段王亚平说道：“太空环境不会因为你是女性而改变。” 含义为：男女航天员在太空中会面临相同的困难与考验，训练和环境要求一视同仁。 A 项曲解句意；B、C 项无原文依据；D 项符合语境，故选 D。 22. C 解析：根据第三段可知，红色按钮是用来中途停止训练的，但王亚平从未按下，内心没有退缩的按钮，体现她严格要求自己、竭尽全力坚持训练。 A、B、D 均不是原因；C 项 “她想要尽自己最大努力” 符合文意，故选 C。 23. B 解析：文中提到王亚平高强度训练、严格要求自己、从不轻易放弃，体现出她勤奋刻苦、努力上进的品质。 clever 聪明的；hard-working 勤奋刻苦的；friendly 友好的；warm-hearted 热心的。故选 B。 24. A 解析：文章最后一段借外国航天员的寄语，点明王亚平承载着所有心怀远大梦想的年轻女性的精神，旨在赞扬王亚平，为广大女性树立榜样。 B、C、D 与段落主旨不符，故选 A。 25. C 解析：根据第四段 “Women’s hearts are also easier to get used to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.” 可知，女性更易适应失重环境，更适合长期太空任务。 A、B、D 表述错误；C 项与原文一致，故选 C。 B On the afternoon of March 23，2022，Chinese astronauts on board China's Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013？Helped by the other two astronauts，she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country. When watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20，2013，Wang Lutian，a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing，was drawing a colorful rocket in his classroom. "Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky，"Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time，he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping，who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力） environments. "Zero gravity!" Qian Shaohong，another student at the school，shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air." Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world，" said Zhang Yini，a teacher at the school. The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the "roof of the world". "I was most interested in the presentation of the 'water ball' in a gravity-free environment. It's really amazing，"said Rigzi n Jigme Doje，a high school student in Lhasa，Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics， " The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist."Doje added excitedly. The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the unknown world of outer space to their hometown. 26.The space lesson in 2013 was for ______ . A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers C. school children in China D. scientists all over China 27.Which picture shows Nie Haisheng's body movement according to the text？ ______ A. B. C. D. 28.What can we know about the lesson from paragraph 3？ ______ A. The lesson helps me become a lover of physics. B. The lesson helps me hold on to the dream of being a physicist. C. The lesson makes me interested in a physicist. D. The lesson makes my dream of being a physicist come true 29. What does the underlined phrase "stay true to my dream" most probably mean? A. give up one's dream easily B. keep working hard for one's dream C. forget about one's dream slowly D. change one's dream quickly 30.After watching the space lesson，the Tibetan students ______ . A. had a new view of their high schools B. got an amazing"water ball"in space C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space 【答案】26. C　　27. A　　28. B　　29. B　　30. D 【导语】 本文介绍了 2013 年王亚平太空授课的相关情况，这次太空课不仅为残疾儿童打开了认识世界的窗口，还激发了偏远地区青少年对太空科学的兴趣，坚定了他们的梦想。 26. C 解析：根据第一段最后一句 “she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country” 可知，2013 年的太空课是面向全国在校学生的。故选 C。 27. A 解析：根据第二段 “astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air” 可知，聂海胜在空中盘腿交叉双腿。结合题意对应正确图片选项为 A。 28. B 解析：通读第三段，西藏学生 Doje 表示，这节太空课让他坚持成为一名物理学家的梦想。 A、C、D 与原文不符；B 选项 “这节课帮助我坚守成为物理学家的梦想” 符合原文内容，故选 B。 29. B 解析：结合上下文语境，太空课激励了学生，使其坚定理想。 stay true to my dream 意为 “不忘初心、坚守梦想、为梦想继续努力”。 A 轻易放弃梦想；C 慢慢忘记梦想；D 快速改变梦想，均不符合；故选 B。 30. D 解析：根据第三段首句 “The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers...” 及最后一段内容可知，看完太空课后，西藏学生对外太空世界产生了浓厚兴趣。 A、B、C 均与原文不符，故选 D。 C On Earth，we use bricks （砖块） to build houses，but what about building things on the moon？ ▲ Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology （HUST） have developed "lunar bricks". They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks，the scientists used a lunar soil simulant （模拟月壤）.The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures，which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions （成分） and used three ways to harden them. In this way, they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. "Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon，" Zhou said， "For example，one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of 'Chang'e 5'，which is mainly basalt （玄武岩）." The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as ﹣190℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China's space station on the "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. There，scientists will carry out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first brick is expected to return to Earth by the end of 2025. 31. Which of the following can be put in "▲" in Paragraph 1？ A. We use "lunar bricks"，of course! B. The question is too difficult to answer. C. Many people dream of going to the moon. D. Scientists may study the topic in the future! 32. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks？ A. B. C. D. 33. How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks？ A. They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B. They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C. They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D. They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 34. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph？ A. The introduction of China's "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. B. The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C. The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D. The time when the lunar brick will return to Earth. 35. What is most probably the structure of the passage？ A. B. C. D. 【答案】31. A　　32. C　　33. D　　34. B　　35. B 【导语】进入太空进行环境测试的相关计划，展现了中国探月工程的前沿科技进展。 31. A 解析：根据上下文，前文提出 “在月球上用什么建造东西” 的问题，后文紧接着介绍 “华中科技大学研发了‘月壤砖’”。因此，▲处应是对问题的直接回应。 A 选项 “We use 'lunar bricks', of course!” 既承接了上文的问题，又自然引出下文对月壤砖的介绍，符合语境；B、C、D 选项均无法衔接上下文，故选 A。 32. C 解析：根据第二段 “The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks.” 可知，月壤砖的强度是普通红砖的三倍以上，对应 C 选项的图示，故选 C。 33. D 解析：根据第三段 “they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions and used three ways to harden them. In this way, they could choose the best materials for making the bricks.” 可知，科学家通过对不同成分的模拟月壤进行测试，并采用不同的硬化方式，来选出最佳材料。 A、B、C 均与原文不符；D 选项符合原文内容，故选 D。 34. B 解析：第四段首句 “The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme environment.” 点明了段落主旨，后文介绍了月球的极端环境（地震、温差）和月壤砖将被送往太空测试的计划，因此段落核心是解释月壤砖需要在太空测试的原因。 A、C、D 均为段落细节，并非主旨；B 选项 “月壤砖需要在太空测试的原因” 符合段落大意，故选 B。 35. B 解析：文章结构分析： ①段：引出话题，提出问题并介绍月壤砖的研发背景（总起）； ②段：介绍月壤砖的强度和特殊结构（分述）； ③段：介绍月壤砖的选材测试过程（分述）； ④段：介绍月壤砖的太空测试计划与意义（总结 / 延伸）。 整体结构为 “①②分述→③承接→④总结”，对应选项 B 的结构图示，故选 B。 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文及文后的A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。 Do you want to be an astronaut? 36 Most astronauts are pilots. Also, astronauts need a healthy body because they spend a lot of time in a small space with others. Astronauts will have to solve different kinds of problems in space. 37 For example， they need to learn math, physics and many more. In this way they will know what to do when there is a problem in space. Life on a spaceship is hard. 38 To sleep, astronauts have to cover their eyes because the sun rises about every 90 minutes at the space station. They also have to tie themselves so they won't fly away during sleep. 39 It usually lasts for a year. To practise space walking and living in space, astronauts always wear a 200-kilogram suit and stay underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. In space, people's bones and muscles become thin and weak. 40 Astronauts often get back pain because they could grow taller in space. They must do a lot of exercise in space to stay away from health problems. A. There is no running water. B. So they must learn many subjects. C. The heart gets smaller and changes shape. D. If so, let's know something about astronauts. E. Astronauts need hard training before going to space. 【答案】36. D　　37. B　　38. A　　39. E　　40. C 【导语】本文围绕宇航员展开介绍，讲述了成为宇航员的条件、太空飞船上的艰苦生活、严苛的岗前训练以及太空环境对人体带来的健康影响。 36. D 解析：前文以问句 “你想成为一名宇航员吗？” 引出话题，D 选项 “如果想的话，让我们一起来了解一些关于宇航员的知识” 起到承上启下的作用，自然引出下文内容。故选 D。 37. B 解析：前文提到宇航员需要在太空解决各类难题，后文举例说明他们需要学习数学、物理等学科。B 选项 “所以他们必须学习许多科目” 衔接上下文，构成因果关系。故选 B。 38. A 解析：本段中心句为 “太空舱里的生活很艰难”，后文介绍了睡觉的困难。A 选项 “这里没有自来水” 属于艰苦生活的具体表现，贴合段落语境。故选 A。 39. E 解析：本段后文详细介绍了宇航员身穿重型服装、长时间水下模拟训练的内容。E 选项 “宇航员在进入太空前需要艰苦的训练” 为本段总起句，统领全段。故选 E。 40. C 解析：前文介绍太空会使人骨骼和肌肉变脆弱，C 选项 “心脏会变小且形态发生改变”，同为太空环境对人体产生的身体变化，句式与内容并列衔接。故选 C。 三、项目情境题(读写综合)。(本大题共2大题，共20分) 第一节 信息匹配(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 太空探索充满了奥秘，不同的人对太空有着不同的兴趣。请阅读左栏五个人的需求描述，为他们匹配最合适的太空相关活动或资源。 41 Leo is a big fan of space travel. He wants to be an astronaut one day. He is very interested in how astronauts live and work in space. 42 Maya loves looking at the sky at night. She wants to learn how to find stars and planets easily. 43 Sam likes history. He wants to know about the first men on the moon and old spaceships. 44 Chloe cares about the environment. She wants to learn about the trash in space and why it is bad. 45 David thinks there might be aliens. He wants to know how scientists look for new planets. A. Star Watching Night: Come to the school playground this Friday! Teachers will use telescopes to help you see the moon and bright stars. It is easy and fun. B. Search for New Worlds: This website shows pictures of new planets found by scientists. It tells you how they look for places where life could exist. C. Space History Museum: Visit our museum to see old photos of the first moon landing. You can also see real spacesuits and models of early rockets. D. Life in Space Video: Watch this short video to see how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise on the space station. It shows their interesting daily life. E. Space Food Tasting Party: Try real astronaut food like dried fruit and space ice cream! Learn how scientists make food safe for space travel. F. Clean Space Project: Read this article to learn about "space junk." It explains where the trash comes from and how it can hurt satellites. G. Rocket Building Workshop: Build your own paper rocket and learn about how rockets launch into space. Compete with friends to see whose rocket flies the farthest! 【答案】41. D　　42. A　　43. C　　44. F　　45. B 【导语】本文介绍五个人不同的太空兴趣需求，并匹配对应的太空活动与资源。 41. D 解析：Leo 梦想成为宇航员，对宇航员在太空的生活和工作感兴趣。 D 选项《太空生活视频》介绍宇航员在空间站吃饭、睡觉、锻炼等日常生活，完全匹配需求。故选 D。 42. A 解析：Maya 喜欢夜空观测，想要学习辨认星星和行星。 A 选项观星之夜活动，借助望远镜观测月球与恒星，适合学习寻找星体。故选 A。 43. C 解析：Sam 喜欢历史，想要了解登月第一人以及老式宇宙飞船。 C 选项太空历史博物馆，展示登月旧照片、早期火箭模型等历史资料，符合需求。故选 C。 44. F 解析：Chloe 关注环境，想要了解太空垃圾及其危害。 F 选项洁净太空项目，讲解太空垃圾的来源与危害，内容对应。故选 F。 45. B 解析：David 相信外星生命，想了解科学家探索新行星的方式。 B 选项 “探索新世界” 网站，介绍新行星的发现与生命星球的探索，匹配需求。故选 B。 第二节 回答问题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 China has made an important step towards sending astronauts to the moon. On 11 February 2026, China carried out a key flight test at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. This test was for China’s manned lunar exploration programme. It was a big success and attracted wide attention from people around the world. The test used two important parts: the Long March-10 carrier rocket and the Mengzhou manned spacecraft. The Long March-10 is a new rocket developed for lunar missions. It is much more powerful than earlier rockets. The Mengzhou spacecraft is specially designed to carry astronauts to the moon and back safely. During the test, the rocket flew up for about 470 seconds. When it reached the right height, the Mengzhou return capsule（舱）separated from the rocket as planned. Then both the first stage of the rocket and the return capsule landed safely in the sea. This was the first time China successfully had got both parts back from the sea. The recovery team quickly found them in the planned sea area. Although people called it a “low-altitude test”, the rocket actually reached about 105 kilometres. This is well above the Kármán line, the boundary（分界线）between Earth and space. The test proved that the rocket could fly and land as designed. It also showed that the spacecraft’s escape system worked well in difficult situations. This test went well. It gives a strong base for building future spacecraft. China wants to send astronauts to the moon before 2030. This success brings that goal closer. Chinese scientists and engineers will not stop working hard. They want to make this dream come true. 46. When did China carry out the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. What is the Long March-10 developed for? _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. Where did the return capsule and the first stage of the rocket land? _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. How many kilometres did the rocket reach during the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 50. Who will keep working hard for the moon dream? _______________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】46.On 11 February 2026./It/China carried out the test on 11 February 2026. 47. Lunar missions./It/The Long March-10 is developed for lunar missions. 48. In the sea./They/The return capsule and the first stage of the rocket landed in the sea. 49. About 105 kilometres./It/The rocket reached about 105 kilometres during the test. 50. Chinese scientists and engineers./Chinese scientists and engineers will keep working hard for the moon dream. 【导语】 本文介绍中国 2026 年 2 月 11 日完成载人登月计划关键飞行试验，介绍长征十号火箭、梦舟飞船的用途、试验过程、成果及本次成功对 2030 年前实现载人登月目标的重要意义。 46. 答案：On 11 February 2026. 解析：细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第二句 On 11 February 2026, China carried out a key flight test… 可直接锁定试验时间，精准作答即可。 47. 答案：It is developed for lunar missions. 解析：细节理解题。 根据第二段第二句 The Long March-10 is a new rocket developed for lunar missions. 可知长征十号火箭是为登月任务而研发。 48. 答案：They landed safely in the sea. 解析：细节理解题。 根据第三段第三句 Then both the first stage of the rocket and the return capsule landed safely in the sea. 可知火箭一级和返回舱均在海上安全着陆。 49. 答案：It reached about 105 kilometres. 解析：细节理解题。 根据第四段第一句 …the rocket actually reached about 105 kilometres. 可直接得出飞行高度。 50. 答案：Chinese scientists and engineers. 解析：细节理解题。 根据最后一段第四句 Chinese scientists and engineers will not stop working hard. 可知中国科学家和工程师会继续为登月梦想努力奋斗。 四、写作。(本大题共3大题，共30分) 第一节 语篇填词(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。 Nie Haisheng is a heroic Chinese astronaut. When he was young, he was deeply interested in planes and space. He often dreamt of flying into space. When other kids were playing, he kept studying and training hard. He was ready to face any challenge, and never wanted to make any m____51__. In 2005, he took his first spaceflight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Later, he s___52___ as a commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. During the Shenzhou-12 task, he and his teammates lived and worked on China’s Tiangong space station for 93 days. They had to make sure they had enough s__53___ of food, water and fuel for the long stay. Working in space is not easy. Everything floats freely, so they must stick their things to the walls to stop them from h___54___ into others or the equipment. They also exercised every day in the small g__55____ to keep their bodies strong. Nie was honored as a "Heroic Astronaut" after his great missions. 【答案】51. mistakes 52. served 53. supply 54. hitting 55. gym 【导语】本文介绍了航天员聂海胜的航天经历，讲述他从小热爱航天、刻苦努力，多次执行载人航天任务，以及太空工作和生活的日常。 51. mistakes 解析：固定搭配 make mistakes 意为 “犯错误”。 句意：他时刻准备迎接任何挑战，从不想犯任何错误。 结合首字母m，故填 mistakes。 52. served 解析：固定短语 serve as 意为 “担任；充当”。 文章整体为过去时态，serve 过去式为 served。 句意：后来，他在神舟十号和神舟十二号任务中担任指令长。 结合首字母s，故填 served。 53. supply 解析：supply 作名词，意为 “供应量；储备”。 enough supply of… 表示 “…… 的充足储备”。 句意：他们必须确保有充足的食物、水和燃料储备，来维持长期驻留。 结合首字母s，故填 supply。 54. hitting 解析：固定用法 stop…from doing sth. 阻止…… 做某事，后接动名词。 hit into 意为 “撞到”，hit 动名词形式为 hitting。 句意：物品必须固定在墙上，防止它们撞到人或设备。 结合首字母h，故填 hitting。 55. gym 解析：gym 意为 “健身房；运动舱”。 句意：他们每天都会在狭小的健身区域锻炼，保持身体健康强壮。 结合首字母g及太空运动语境，故填 gym。 第二节 语法填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It was the proudest moment of my life. ___56___ (final), we took off. It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. At first, I felt unwell, but soon I adjusted and felt better. At last, we reached the space station. Eating in space is a pleasure. We can choose from many types of food. Working in space is hard because everything ___57___ (float). However, going outside in a spacesuit is an ___58___ (amaze) experience — the view of the Earth is great. When sleeping, I stick my sleeping bag ___59___ the wall to stop me from floating around the room. In space, we must exercise ___60___ (slow) down muscle loss. We have a small gym on the space station, though the equipment is different from what we use on Earth. 【答案】56.Finally 57. floats 58. amazing 59. To 60. to slow 【导语】 本文以第一人称讲述太空飞行、空间站生活、太空饮食、工作、出舱、睡眠与锻炼等真实太空体验。 56. Finally 解析：此处位于句首，修饰整个句子，需用副词作状语。 final 是形容词，副词形式为 finally，表示 “最终，终于”。 句意：终于，我们起飞了。故填 Finally。 57. floats 解析：句子陈述客观事实、客观真理，用一般现在时； 主语 everything 为不定代词，视作单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 float 三单形式为 floats。故填 floats。 58. amazing 解析：修饰名词 experience（事物），要用 - ing 形容词。 amazing 意为 “令人惊叹的”；amazed 多修饰人。 an amazing experience 一次奇妙的经历。故填 amazing。 59. to 解析：固定搭配：stick…to… 把…… 固定 / 粘贴在…… 上。 句意：我把睡袋固定在墙上。故填介词 to。 60. to slow 解析：动词不定式表目的，to do 用来表示 “为了……”。 slow down 意为 “减缓；降低”，此处指为减缓肌肉流失而锻炼。 故填 to slow。 第三节 书面表达(本大题共1小题，共20分) 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国航天员很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一封邮件向他介绍中国航天员王亚平。 项目 内容 出生 1980 年出生于山东 爱好 运动 经历 (1) 1997 年加入中国人民解放军空军； (2) 2010 年成为国家航天员； (3) 2013 年执行 “神舟十号” 飞行任务并进行了中国首次太空授课； (4) 2021 年执行 “神舟十三号” 飞行任务。 荣誉 被授予 “英雄航天员” 荣誉称号 注意事项：1.文章须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥拓展； 2.词数不少于80词，已给出内容，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文一 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong Province in 1980. Doing sports is her hobby and she exercises every day. In 1997, she joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. Then in 2010, she became a national astronaut. In 2013, she went into space on Shenzhou-10. During this mission, she gave China’s first space lesson. In 2021, she flew into space again on Shenzhou-13. For her great work, she was honored with the title “Heroic Astronaut”. I hope you can learn more about Chinese astronauts. Please write to me soon. Yours, Li Hua 范文二 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. Wang Yaping was born in Shandong Province in 1980. She has a passion forsports for sport. In 1997, she joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. After years of hard work, she became a national astronaut in 2010. In 2013, she took part in the Shenzhou-10 mission and gave China’s first live space lesson to students. It was really amazing! In 2021, she flew into space again on Shenzhou-13, completing more exciting tasks. Because of her great contributions, she was honored with the title “Heroic Astronaut”. Wang Yaping’s story shows that dreams can come true with hard work. I hope you find her story inspiring. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】 【总体分析】 ① 题材：本文是一封介绍人物的应用文邮件，兼具说明与书信交际属性。需围绕王亚平的个人背景、成长经历与荣誉成就展开介绍，传递积极向上的航天精神。 ② 时态：以一般过去时为主，用于介绍她的出生、入伍、成为航天员、执行任务等过往经历；以一般现在时补充个人爱好与品质，时态清晰稳定。 ③ 写作逻辑：按 “基本信息→成长经历→荣誉评价→结尾互动” 的顺序展开，从客观介绍到主观感受，逻辑清晰、层层递进，符合书信的交际要求。 【写作步骤】 1. 开篇引入：回应 Tom 的兴趣，自然引出王亚平的介绍，完成书信交际场景搭建。 2. 主体介绍：按时间顺序梳理王亚平的关键经历： · 基础信息：出生时间、地点、爱好 · 成长经历：1997 年入伍→2010 年成为航天员→2013 年神舟十号任务 + 首次太空授课→2021 年神舟十三号任务 · 荣誉成就：被授予 “英雄航天员” 称号 3. 结尾升华：表达对王亚平精神的感悟，或邀请 Tom 进一步交流，完成书信的互动闭环。 【亮点词汇】 ① have a passion for sports 热爱运动 ② take part in the mission 执行任务 ③ give the first live space lesson 进行首次太空授课 ④ be honored with the title of… 被授予…… 荣誉称号 ⑤ because of her great contributions 因为她的杰出贡献 ⑥ dreams can come true with hard work 努力能让梦想成真 【高分句型】 1. 时间线串联句： · In 1997, she joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force. After years of hard work, she became a national astronaut in 2010. （用时间状语清晰串联经历，体现逻辑顺序） 2. 成就描述句： · During this mission, she gave China’s first live space lesson to students. （补充细节，让经历更具体生动） 3. 荣誉评价句： · Because of her great contributions, she was honored with the title “Heroic Astronaut”. （因果关系清晰，突出她的成就与荣誉的关联） 4. 结尾升华句： · Wang Yaping’s story shows that dreams can come true with hard work. （点明人物精神，提升文章立意） 【范文点评】 范文一（基础达标版） · 优点：完整覆盖所有提示信息，结构清晰，用词准确，符合书信格式要求，满足基础得分要求。 · 不足：句式较为简单，拓展内容较少，结尾较为平淡。 范文二（高分提升版） · 优点： 1. 在提示信息基础上增加了细节拓展，如 “After years of hard work”“completing more exciting tasks”，让人物形象更丰满。 2. 结尾加入了对王亚平精神的感悟，提升了文章的立意与感染力。 3. 句式更丰富，使用了原因状语从句、宾语从句等复合句，语言表达更地道。 【写作注意事项】 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，不可遗漏关键时间点与事件。 2. 注意书信格式，开头与结尾的交际用语要规范。 3. 时态要统一，介绍过往经历时优先使用一般过去时。 4. 词数不少于 80 词，可适当补充细节（如太空授课的意义、王亚平的训练付出）提升文章质量。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 7·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用。(本大题共2大题，共25分) 第一节 语法选择(本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处选择一个适当的选项。 In the year 2099，every child on Earth had his or her own spacecraft. Of course，they were small and couldn't travel out of the solar system. This was fine for everyone except Stanley. He was curious and looking forward to __1____ around the whole universe，so he worked on his spacecraft ___2___ it could go anywhere! His friends，George and Amanda，were not ___3___ about Stanley's super spacecraft. "Who wants ___4___ the universe？" George asked. "Our solar system is big enough." "Just get into my spacecraft，" said Stanley. "Today I will take you on ___5___ amazing journey." When they got into the spacecraft，Stanley ___6___ everything. Soon the three friends were going to fly past the moon. "Now，watch this，" said Stanley. A red button ___7___ and the spacecraft went fast. Whoosh! George and Amanda grabbed their seats ___8___. The spacecraft flew much farther into space. Suddenly，they saw many tiny galaxies all around them. "Welcome to the universe，" said Stanley. Amanda gasped. "It is kind ___9___ you to offer us the trip." "Can the spacecraft ___10___ at the moon？I'd like to have a pizza. I'm really hungry," George said. "Of course!" said Stanley. His super spacecraft raced back to the moon. 1. A. travel　 B. travels　 C. travelled　 D. travelling 2. A. until　 B. when　 C. although　 D. if 3. A. excitement　 B. exciting　 C. excited　 D. excitedly 4. A. see　 B. saw　 C. to see　 D. seeing 5. A. a　 B. an　 C. the　 D. / 6. A. checks　 B. will check　 C. is checking　 D. was checking 7. A. pushes　 B. pushed　 C. was pushed　 D. was pushing 8. A. hard　 B. hardly　 C. harder　 D. hardest 9. A. with　 B. for　 C. of　 D. to 10. A. stop　 B. stopped　 C. is stopped　 D. be stopped 第二节 完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. It is hoped that people could start all over again and　 11 　 a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like. At present，our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of　 12 　 to Mars﹣it would take months. With the development of technology，by the year 2100，the journey might 　 13 　 take about 20 minutes in spaceships that travel at the speed of light! So far，nobody knows whether there would be enough　 14 　 or air on Mars for people. After all，they are the most important to human life. Moreover，scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty. Compared with life on the earth，life on Mars would be 　 15 　 in some ways. People would have more　 16 　 .They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also，robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to 　 17 　 .There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would 　 18 　 at online schools with "e﹣teachers". However，life on Mars would be 　 19 　 .There are still many difficulties for us to overcome. It may take hundreds of years to make it 　 20 　 .So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our beautiful blue planet﹣the earth! 11 A. imagine B. protect C. build D. draw 12 A. passengers B. teachers C. doctors D. reporters 13 A. only B. even C. still D. hardly 14 A. money B. ice C. time D. water 15 A. cheaper B. better C. luckier D. slower 16 A. work B. space C. food D. light 17 A. express B. plan C. write D. relax 18 A. practice B. rest C. study D. sleep 19 A. exciting B. challenging C. surprising D. interesting 20 A .break out B. break down C. come out D. come true 二、阅读。(本大题共2大题，共35分) 第一节 阅读理解(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 A Waving her 5-year-old daughter goodbye, Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16. The 41-year-old Wang became the first female astronaut to enter Tiangong space station. During their six-month stay, Wang, along with Zhai and Ye, did experiments and set up robotic arms. Wang also did the first spacewalk as a Chinese woman, reported Xinhua. Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. After flying for 1,600 hours over nine years safely, Wang became an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” she told Xinhua. The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “There’s a red button,” said Wang. “If you can’t go on, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally led to realizing her dream in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission. Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. “Women seem to be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to get used to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.” Old NASA astronaut Catherine Coleman sent a greeting to Wang before the Shenzhou XIII trip. Coleman said, “When you look out the window and see the stars and the Earth, billions of women will be looking out that window with you.” Wang carries the spirit of every young woman who dreams of something big. 21. What does Wang’s words mean in Paragraph 2? A. The space environment is not easy to change. B. Both male and female astronauts can go to space. C. It’s harder for a woman to live in space than a man. D. Men and women will face the same difficulties in space. 22. Why didn’t Wang press the red button? A. Because it was dangerous. B. Because she became blind. C. Because she wanted to try her best. D. Because her brain was short of blood. 23. Which of the following best describes Wang Yaping according to the passage? A. Clever. B. Hard-working. C. Friendly. D. Warm-hearted. 24. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To praise Wang for setting an example for women. B. To show how lucky Wang is to see the planet we live on. C. To suggest Wang will invite other women to be with her. D. To tell that Wang helps many women realize their dreams. 25. What advantage do women have in long-term space missions? A. They have stronger bodies. B. They are less patient. C. They get used to weightlessness more easily. D. They need less training. B On the afternoon of March 23，2022，Chinese astronauts on board China's Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013？Helped by the other two astronauts，she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country. When watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20，2013，Wang Lutian，a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing，was drawing a colorful rocket in his classroom. "Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky，"Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time，he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping，who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力） environments. "Zero gravity!" Qian Shaohong，another student at the school，shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air." Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world，" said Zhang Yini，a teacher at the school. The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the "roof of the world". "I was most interested in the presentation of the 'water ball' in a gravity-free environment. It's really amazing，"said Rigzi n Jigme Doje，a high school student in Lhasa，Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics， " The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist."Doje added excitedly. The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the unknown world of outer space to their hometown. 26.The space lesson in 2013 was for ______ . A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers C. school children in China D. scientists all over China 27.Which picture shows Nie Haisheng's body movement according to the text？ ______ A. B. C. D. 28.What can we know about the lesson from paragraph 3？ ______ A. The lesson helps me become a lover of physics. B. The lesson helps me hold on to the dream of being a physicist. C. The lesson makes me interested in a physicist. D. The lesson makes my dream of being a physicist come true 29. What does the underlined phrase "stay true to my dream" most probably mean? A. give up one's dream easily B. keep working hard for one's dream C. forget about one's dream slowly D. change one's dream quickly 30.After watching the space lesson，the Tibetan students ______ . A. had a new view of their high schools B. got an amazing"water ball"in space C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space C On Earth，we use bricks （砖块） to build houses，but what about building things on the moon？ ▲ Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology （HUST） have developed "lunar bricks". They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks，the scientists used a lunar soil simulant （模拟月壤）.The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures，which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions （成分） and used three ways to harden them. In this way, they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. "Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon，" Zhou said， "For example，one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of 'Chang'e 5'，which is mainly basalt （玄武岩）." The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as ﹣190℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China's space station on the "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. There，scientists will carry out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first brick is expected to return to Earth by the end of 2025. 31. Which of the following can be put in "▲" in Paragraph 1？ A. We use "lunar bricks"，of course! B. The question is too difficult to answer. C. Many people dream of going to the moon. D. Scientists may study the topic in the future! 32. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks？ A. B. C. D. 33. How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks？ A. They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B. They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C. They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D. They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 34. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph？ A. The introduction of China's "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. B. The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C. The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D. The time when the lunar brick will return to Earth. 35. What is most probably the structure of the passage？ A. B. C. D. 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文及文后的A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。 Do you want to be an astronaut? 36 Most astronauts are pilots. Also, astronauts need a healthy body because they spend a lot of time in a small space with others. Astronauts will have to solve different kinds of problems in space. 37 For example， they need to learn math, physics and many more. In this way they will know what to do when there is a problem in space. Life on a spaceship is hard. 38 To sleep, astronauts have to cover their eyes because the sun rises about every 90 minutes at the space station. They also have to tie themselves so they won't fly away during sleep. 39 It usually lasts for a year. To practise space walking and living in space, astronauts always wear a 200-kilogram suit and stay underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. In space, people's bones and muscles become thin and weak. 40 Astronauts often get back pain because they could grow taller in space. They must do a lot of exercise in space to stay away from health problems. A. There is no running water. B. So they must learn many subjects. C. The heart gets smaller and changes shape. D. If so, let's know something about astronauts. E. Astronauts need hard training before going to space. 三、项目情境题(读写综合)。(本大题共2大题，共20分) 第一节 信息匹配(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 太空探索充满了奥秘，不同的人对太空有着不同的兴趣。请阅读左栏五个人的需求描述，为他们匹配最合适的太空相关活动或资源。 41 Leo is a big fan of space travel. He wants to be an astronaut one day. He is very interested in how astronauts live and work in space. 42 Maya loves looking at the sky at night. She wants to learn how to find stars and planets easily. 43 Sam likes history. He wants to know about the first men on the moon and old spaceships. 44 Chloe cares about the environment. She wants to learn about the trash in space and why it is bad. 45 David thinks there might be aliens. He wants to know how scientists look for new planets. A. Star Watching Night: Come to the school playground this Friday! Teachers will use telescopes to help you see the moon and bright stars. It is easy and fun. B. Search for New Worlds: This website shows pictures of new planets found by scientists. It tells you how they look for places where life could exist. C. Space History Museum: Visit our museum to see old photos of the first moon landing. You can also see real spacesuits and models of early rockets. D. Life in Space Video: Watch this short video to see how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise on the space station. It shows their interesting daily life. E. Space Food Tasting Party: Try real astronaut food like dried fruit and space ice cream! Learn how scientists make food safe for space travel. F. Clean Space Project: Read this article to learn about "space junk." It explains where the trash comes from and how it can hurt satellites. G. Rocket Building Workshop: Build your own paper rocket and learn about how rockets launch into space. Compete with friends to see whose rocket flies the farthest! 第二节 回答问题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 China has made an important step towards sending astronauts to the moon. On 11 February 2026, China carried out a key flight test at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. This test was for China’s manned lunar exploration programme. It was a big success and attracted wide attention from people around the world. The test used two important parts: the Long March-10 carrier rocket and the Mengzhou manned spacecraft. The Long March-10 is a new rocket developed for lunar missions. It is much more powerful than earlier rockets. The Mengzhou spacecraft is specially designed to carry astronauts to the moon and back safely. During the test, the rocket flew up for about 470 seconds. When it reached the right height, the Mengzhou return capsule（舱）separated from the rocket as planned. Then both the first stage of the rocket and the return capsule landed safely in the sea. This was the first time China successfully had got both parts back from the sea. The recovery team quickly found them in the planned sea area. Although people called it a “low-altitude test”, the rocket actually reached about 105 kilometres. This is well above the Kármán line, the boundary（分界线）between Earth and space. The test proved that the rocket could fly and land as designed. It also showed that the spacecraft’s escape system worked well in difficult situations. This test went well. It gives a strong base for building future spacecraft. China wants to send astronauts to the moon before 2030. This success brings that goal closer. Chinese scientists and engineers will not stop working hard. They want to make this dream come true. 46. When did China carry out the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. What is the Long March-10 developed for? _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. Where did the return capsule and the first stage of the rocket land? _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. How many kilometres did the rocket reach during the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 50. Who will keep working hard for the moon dream? _______________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作。(本大题共3大题，共30分) 第一节 语篇填词(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。 Nie Haisheng is a heroic Chinese astronaut. When he was young, he was deeply interested in planes and space. He often dreamt of flying into space. When other kids were playing, he kept studying and training hard. He was ready to face any challenge, and never wanted to make any m____51__. In 2005, he took his first spaceflight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Later, he s___52___ as a commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. During the Shenzhou-12 task, he and his teammates lived and worked on China’s Tiangong space station for 93 days. They had to make sure they had enough s__53___ of food, water and fuel for the long stay. Working in space is not easy. Everything floats freely, so they must stick their things to the walls to stop them from h___54___ into others or the equipment. They also exercised every day in the small g__55____ to keep their bodies strong. Nie was honored as a "Heroic Astronaut" after his great missions. 第二节 语法填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It was the proudest moment of my life. ___56___ (final), we took off. It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. At first, I felt unwell, but soon I adjusted and felt better. At last, we reached the space station. Eating in space is a pleasure. We can choose from many types of food. Working in space is hard because everything ___57___ (float). However, going outside in a spacesuit is an ___58___ (amaze) experience — the view of the Earth is great. When sleeping, I stick my sleeping bag ___59___ the wall to stop me from floating around the room. In space, we must exercise ___60___ (slow) down muscle loss. We have a small gym on the space station, though the equipment is different from what we use on Earth. 第三节 书面表达(本大题共1小题，共20分) 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国航天员很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一封邮件向他介绍中国航天员王亚平。 项目 内容 出生 1980 年出生于山东 爱好 运动 经历 (1) 1997 年加入中国人民解放军空军； (2) 2010 年成为国家航天员； (3) 2013 年执行 “神舟十号” 飞行任务并进行了中国首次太空授课； (4) 2021 年执行 “神舟十三号” 飞行任务。 荣誉 被授予 “英雄航天员” 荣誉称号 注意事项：1.文章须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥拓展； 2.词数不少于80词，已给出内容，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元自测（广州专用） Unit 7·培优卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：100分钟，满分：110分） 一、语言知识运用。(本大题共2大题，共25分) 第一节 语法选择(本大题共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处选择一个适当的选项。 In the year 2099，every child on Earth had his or her own spacecraft. Of course，they were small and couldn't travel out of the solar system. This was fine for everyone except Stanley. He was curious and looking forward to __1____ around the whole universe，so he worked on his spacecraft ___2___ it could go anywhere! His friends，George and Amanda，were not ___3___ about Stanley's super spacecraft. "Who wants ___4___ the universe？" George asked. "Our solar system is big enough." "Just get into my spacecraft，" said Stanley. "Today I will take you on ___5___ amazing journey." When they got into the spacecraft，Stanley ___6___ everything. Soon the three friends were going to fly past the moon. "Now，watch this，" said Stanley. A red button ___7___ and the spacecraft went fast. Whoosh! George and Amanda grabbed their seats ___8___. The spacecraft flew much farther into space. Suddenly，they saw many tiny galaxies all around them. "Welcome to the universe，" said Stanley. Amanda gasped. "It is kind ___9___ you to offer us the trip." "Can the spacecraft ___10___ at the moon？I'd like to have a pizza. I'm really hungry," George said. "Of course!" said Stanley. His super spacecraft raced back to the moon. 1. A. travel　 B. travels　 C. travelled　 D. travelling 2. A. until　 B. when　 C. although　 D. if 3. A. excitement　 B. exciting　 C. excited　 D. excitedly 4. A. see　 B. saw　 C. to see　 D. seeing 5. A. a　 B. an　 C. the　 D. / 6. A. checks　 B. will check　 C. is checking　 D. was checking 7. A. pushes　 B. pushed　 C. was pushed　 D. was pushing 8. A. hard　 B. hardly　 C. harder　 D. hardest 9. A. with　 B. for　 C. of　 D. to 10. A. stop　 B. stopped　 C. is stopped　 D. be stopped 第二节 完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 Some people believe that humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. It is hoped that people could start all over again and　 11 　 a better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like. At present，our spaceships are too slow to carry large numbers of　 12 　 to Mars﹣it would take months. With the development of technology，by the year 2100，the journey might 　 13 　 take about 20 minutes in spaceships that travel at the speed of light! So far，nobody knows whether there would be enough　 14 　 or air on Mars for people. After all，they are the most important to human life. Moreover，scientists are not sure whether plants could grow on Mars. Food would most probably be in the form of pills and would not be so tasty. Compared with life on the earth，life on Mars would be 　 15 　 in some ways. People would have more　 16 　 .They might live in houses with huge comfortable rooms. Also，robots would do a lot of their work so that they could have more time to 　 17 　 .There would probably be no schools on Mars. Every student would 　 18 　 at online schools with "e﹣teachers". However，life on Mars would be 　 19 　 .There are still many difficulties for us to overcome. It may take hundreds of years to make it 　 20 　 .So the most important thing we need to do now is to protect our beautiful blue planet﹣the earth! 11 A. imagine B. protect C. build D. draw 12 A. passengers B. teachers C. doctors D. reporters 13 A. only B. even C. still D. hardly 14 A. money B. ice C. time D. water 15 A. cheaper B. better C. luckier D. slower 16 A. work B. space C. food D. light 17 A. express B. plan C. write D. relax 18 A. practice B. rest C. study D. sleep 19 A. exciting B. challenging C. surprising D. interesting 20 A .break out B. break down C. come out D. come true 二、阅读。(本大题共2大题，共35分) 第一节 阅读理解(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。 A Waving her 5-year-old daughter goodbye, Wang Yaping, together with Zhai Zhigang and Ye Guangfu, went into space aboard the Shenzhou XIII on October 16. The 41-year-old Wang became the first female astronaut to enter Tiangong space station. During their six-month stay, Wang, along with Zhai and Ye, did experiments and set up robotic arms. Wang also did the first spacewalk as a Chinese woman, reported Xinhua. Wang’s space dream started in 2003, when China sent its first astronaut Yang Liwei into space. After flying for 1,600 hours over nine years safely, Wang became an astronaut in 2010. She pushed herself hard, getting the same training as men. “The space environment won’t change because you are a woman.” she told Xinhua. The hardest part is the high-G training. Sitting in a spinning (旋转的) machine, Wang would become blind for a while because her brain was short of blood. “There’s a red button,” said Wang. “If you can’t go on, you can press it to stop.” But Wang never used it. “There is no such red button in my heart.” That strong spirit finally led to realizing her dream in 2013. She joined the team for the Shenzhou X mission. Wang said that as astronauts, women have their own advantages. “Women seem to be more patient and can better deal with loneliness. Women’s hearts are also easier to get used to the weightless environment, making them more suitable for long-term missions.” Old NASA astronaut Catherine Coleman sent a greeting to Wang before the Shenzhou XIII trip. Coleman said, “When you look out the window and see the stars and the Earth, billions of women will be looking out that window with you.” Wang carries the spirit of every young woman who dreams of something big. 21. What does Wang’s words mean in Paragraph 2? A. The space environment is not easy to change. B. Both male and female astronauts can go to space. C. It’s harder for a woman to live in space than a man. D. Men and women will face the same difficulties in space. 22. Why didn’t Wang press the red button? A. Because it was dangerous. B. Because she became blind. C. Because she wanted to try her best. D. Because her brain was short of blood. 23. Which of the following best describes Wang Yaping according to the passage? A. Clever. B. Hard-working. C. Friendly. D. Warm-hearted. 24. What’s the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To praise Wang for setting an example for women. B. To show how lucky Wang is to see the planet we live on. C. To suggest Wang will invite other women to be with her. D. To tell that Wang helps many women realize their dreams. 25. What advantage do women have in long-term space missions? A. They have stronger bodies. B. They are less patient. C. They get used to weightlessness more easily. D. They need less training. B On the afternoon of March 23，2022，Chinese astronauts on board China's Tiangong space station gave a science lesson 400 kilometers above Earth. It was a great success. Do you still remember the first space lesson hosted by Wang Yaping in 2013？Helped by the other two astronauts，she gave the lesson to more than 60 million school children all over the country. When watching the science lesson from the Tiangong-1 on the morning of June 20，2013，Wang Lutian，a 10-year-old disabled student at a special school in downtown Beijing，was drawing a colorful rocket in his classroom. "Moon…stars…a rocket to the sky，"Wang explained his work in a cheerful voice. At that time，he and more than 100 other disabled students were enjoying the lesson given by Wang Yaping，who talked about movements in micro-gravity（微重力） environments. "Zero gravity!" Qian Shaohong，another student at the school，shouted when he saw astronaut Nie Haisheng making a show of crossing his legs in mid-air." Scientific knowledge has helped open a window for the children to know about the world，" said Zhang Yini，a teacher at the school. The lesson also increased interest in space science among teenagers living on the "roof of the world". "I was most interested in the presentation of the 'water ball' in a gravity-free environment. It's really amazing，"said Rigzi n Jigme Doje，a high school student in Lhasa，Tibet. Describing himself as a lover of physics， " The lesson helps me stay true to my dream of becoming a physicist."Doje added excitedly. The lesson also encouraged other Tibetan school children to relate the unknown world of outer space to their hometown. 26.The space lesson in 2013 was for ______ . A. Chinese astronauts B. Chinese teachers C. school children in China D. scientists all over China 27.Which picture shows Nie Haisheng's body movement according to the text？ ______ A. B. C. D. 28.What can we know about the lesson from paragraph 3？ ______ A. The lesson helps me become a lover of physics. B. The lesson helps me hold on to the dream of being a physicist. C. The lesson makes me interested in a physicist. D. The lesson makes my dream of being a physicist come true 29. What does the underlined phrase "stay true to my dream" most probably mean? A. give up one's dream easily B. keep working hard for one's dream C. forget about one's dream slowly D. change one's dream quickly 30.After watching the space lesson，the Tibetan students ______ . A. had a new view of their high schools B. got an amazing"water ball"in space C. increased an understanding of the roof of the world D. developed a deep interest in the world of outer space C On Earth，we use bricks （砖块） to build houses，but what about building things on the moon？ ▲ Scientists at Huazhong University of Science and Technology （HUST） have developed "lunar bricks". They hope to use the bricks to build a research station on the moon. To make the bricks，the scientists used a lunar soil simulant （模拟月壤）.The bricks are more than three times stronger than normal red bricks. They also have special structures，which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST said that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil compositions （成分） and used three ways to harden them. In this way, they could choose the best materials for making the bricks. "Lunar soil isn't the same everywhere on the moon，" Zhou said， "For example，one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of 'Chang'e 5'，which is mainly basalt （玄武岩）." The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has an extreme environment. Quakes often happen there. And it gets as hot as 180℃ during the day and as cold as ﹣190℃ at night. The lunar bricks have been sent to China's space station on the "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. There，scientists will carry out tests to see how well the bricks work in space. The first brick is expected to return to Earth by the end of 2025. 31. Which of the following can be put in "▲" in Paragraph 1？ A. We use "lunar bricks"，of course! B. The question is too difficult to answer. C. Many people dream of going to the moon. D. Scientists may study the topic in the future! 32. Which properly shows the strength comparison of lunar bricks and red bricks？ A. B. C. D. 33. How did scientists find the best materials for lunar bricks？ A. They learned about lunar soil from scientific reports. B. They compared different bricks used widely nowadays. C. They read many books about ancient Chinese buildings. D. They did many tests on simulated lunar soil and treated it in different ways. 34. What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph？ A. The introduction of China's "Tianzhou 8" spacecraft. B. The reasons why lunar bricks need to be tested in space. C. The temperature difference on the moon between day and night. D. The time when the lunar brick will return to Earth. 35. What is most probably the structure of the passage？ A. B. C. D. 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文及文后的A～E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项。 Do you want to be an astronaut? 36 Most astronauts are pilots. Also, astronauts need a healthy body because they spend a lot of time in a small space with others. Astronauts will have to solve different kinds of problems in space. 37 For example， they need to learn math, physics and many more. In this way they will know what to do when there is a problem in space. Life on a spaceship is hard. 38 To sleep, astronauts have to cover their eyes because the sun rises about every 90 minutes at the space station. They also have to tie themselves so they won't fly away during sleep. 39 It usually lasts for a year. To practise space walking and living in space, astronauts always wear a 200-kilogram suit and stay underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the toilet. In space, people's bones and muscles become thin and weak. 40 Astronauts often get back pain because they could grow taller in space. They must do a lot of exercise in space to stay away from health problems. A. There is no running water. B. So they must learn many subjects. C. The heart gets smaller and changes shape. D. If so, let's know something about astronauts. E. Astronauts need hard training before going to space. 三、项目情境题(读写综合)。(本大题共2大题，共20分) 第一节 信息匹配(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 太空探索充满了奥秘，不同的人对太空有着不同的兴趣。请阅读左栏五个人的需求描述，为他们匹配最合适的太空相关活动或资源。 41 Leo is a big fan of space travel. He wants to be an astronaut one day. He is very interested in how astronauts live and work in space. 42 Maya loves looking at the sky at night. She wants to learn how to find stars and planets easily. 43 Sam likes history. He wants to know about the first men on the moon and old spaceships. 44 Chloe cares about the environment. She wants to learn about the trash in space and why it is bad. 45 David thinks there might be aliens. He wants to know how scientists look for new planets. A. Star Watching Night: Come to the school playground this Friday! Teachers will use telescopes to help you see the moon and bright stars. It is easy and fun. B. Search for New Worlds: This website shows pictures of new planets found by scientists. It tells you how they look for places where life could exist. C. Space History Museum: Visit our museum to see old photos of the first moon landing. You can also see real spacesuits and models of early rockets. D. Life in Space Video: Watch this short video to see how astronauts eat, sleep, and exercise on the space station. It shows their interesting daily life. E. Space Food Tasting Party: Try real astronaut food like dried fruit and space ice cream! Learn how scientists make food safe for space travel. F. Clean Space Project: Read this article to learn about "space junk." It explains where the trash comes from and how it can hurt satellites. G. Rocket Building Workshop: Build your own paper rocket and learn about how rockets launch into space. Compete with friends to see whose rocket flies the farthest! 第二节 回答问题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整切题。 China has made an important step towards sending astronauts to the moon. On 11 February 2026, China carried out a key flight test at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan Province. This test was for China’s manned lunar exploration programme. It was a big success and attracted wide attention from people around the world. The test used two important parts: the Long March-10 carrier rocket and the Mengzhou manned spacecraft. The Long March-10 is a new rocket developed for lunar missions. It is much more powerful than earlier rockets. The Mengzhou spacecraft is specially designed to carry astronauts to the moon and back safely. During the test, the rocket flew up for about 470 seconds. When it reached the right height, the Mengzhou return capsule（舱）separated from the rocket as planned. Then both the first stage of the rocket and the return capsule landed safely in the sea. This was the first time China successfully had got both parts back from the sea. The recovery team quickly found them in the planned sea area. Although people called it a “low-altitude test”, the rocket actually reached about 105 kilometres. This is well above the Kármán line, the boundary（分界线）between Earth and space. The test proved that the rocket could fly and land as designed. It also showed that the spacecraft’s escape system worked well in difficult situations. This test went well. It gives a strong base for building future spacecraft. China wants to send astronauts to the moon before 2030. This success brings that goal closer. Chinese scientists and engineers will not stop working hard. They want to make this dream come true. 46. When did China carry out the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 47. What is the Long March-10 developed for? _______________________________________________________________________________ 48. Where did the return capsule and the first stage of the rocket land? _______________________________________________________________________________ 49. How many kilometres did the rocket reach during the test? _______________________________________________________________________________ 50. Who will keep working hard for the moon dream? _______________________________________________________________________________ 四、写作。(本大题共3大题，共30分) 第一节 语篇填词(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。 Nie Haisheng is a heroic Chinese astronaut. When he was young, he was deeply interested in planes and space. He often dreamt of flying into space. When other kids were playing, he kept studying and training hard. He was ready to face any challenge, and never wanted to make any m____51__. In 2005, he took his first spaceflight in the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft. Later, he s___52___ as a commander on the Shenzhou-10 and Shenzhou-12 missions. During the Shenzhou-12 task, he and his teammates lived and worked on China’s Tiangong space station for 93 days. They had to make sure they had enough s__53___ of food, water and fuel for the long stay. Working in space is not easy. Everything floats freely, so they must stick their things to the walls to stop them from h___54___ into others or the equipment. They also exercised every day in the small g__55____ to keep their bodies strong. Nie was honored as a "Heroic Astronaut" after his great missions. 第二节 语法填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 It was the proudest moment of my life. ___56___ (final), we took off. It only took about 10 minutes to get into orbit. At first, I felt unwell, but soon I adjusted and felt better. At last, we reached the space station. Eating in space is a pleasure. We can choose from many types of food. Working in space is hard because everything ___57___ (float). However, going outside in a spacesuit is an ___58___ (amaze) experience — the view of the Earth is great. When sleeping, I stick my sleeping bag ___59___ the wall to stop me from floating around the room. In space, we must exercise ___60___ (slow) down muscle loss. We have a small gym on the space station, though the equipment is different from what we use on Earth. 第三节 书面表达(本大题共1小题，共20分) 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国航天员很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一封邮件向他介绍中国航天员王亚平。 项目 内容 出生 1980 年出生于山东 爱好 运动 经历 (1) 1997 年加入中国人民解放军空军； (2) 2010 年成为国家航天员； (3) 2013 年执行 “神舟十号” 飞行任务并进行了中国首次太空授课； (4) 2021 年执行 “神舟十三号” 飞行任务。 荣誉 被授予 “英雄航天员” 荣誉称号 注意事项：1.文章须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥拓展； 2.词数不少于80词，已给出内容，不计入总词数。 Dear Tom, I’m glad to hear that you are interested in Chinese astronauts. Now let me introduce Wang Yaping to you. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $