专项能力提升练 1.阅读理解 考点分类练1 细节理解题(1)（word练习）-【满分思维】2026年高考二轮专题复习·英语

**基本信息** 聚焦细节理解题，通过真题模拟题系统提炼定位原文、语境分析等解题方法，构建“题型-方法-知识”逻辑链条，提升语言理解与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |细节理解题|6题（Passage1-3）|定位原文关键信息，比对选项与原文表述|高频词汇（如landscape、bilingual）、重点短语（be located in）支撑文本理解| |推理判断题|2题（Passage1/3）|分析文本体裁特征（如旅游指南结构）、研究结论逻辑|难句分析助力复杂信息解读，如非限制性定语从句理解| |词句猜测题|1题（Passage2）|利用上下文语境（如对比关系、举例说明）推断词义|熟词生义（如delicate）与学科词汇（如dementia）拓展词汇网络|

考点分类练(一)　细节理解题(1) Passage 1(2025河北秦皇岛5月模拟) 主题:旅游目的地介绍　词数:249 难度:★★★☆☆　　　限时:6分钟 The 4 Best Places to Visit in New Mexico New Mexico,known as the Land of Enchantment,offers visitors rich historical,cultural,and natural experiences.From the Chihuahuan Desert to the Taos Ski Valley at 9,000 ft above sea level,this state has diverse landscapes and activities for everyone. Rio Grande The river section between Taos and Española is perfect for white-water rafting(漂流),with many companies offering adventure trips.South of the river,between Albuquerque and Socorro,visitors can enjoy peaceful floating and kayaking.Several wineries along the river welcome visitors. Madrid A great day-trip destination between Santa Fe and Albuquerque,Madrid is an old mining town turned art village.Book a horseback ride at Broken Saddle Ranch,just north of Madrid,or spend some time driving along the scenic Turquoise Trail,which runs from Cedar Crest to Cerrillos.Just plan to be off the grid—there’s still no cell phone service in Madrid. Ghost Ranch Located in Abiquiu’s beautiful red-rock area,Ghost Ranch was once home to painter Georgia O’Keeffe,which offers workshops,hiking trails,museums,and 21,000 acres of natural space.The landscape changes with daylight,showing why many artists choose to live in northern New Mexico. Truth or Consequences Yes,that’s actually the city’s name!This uniquely named city is famous for its hot springs,which are less crowded and more affordable than other places in the state,making it ideal for visitors who want to relax and enjoy the natural mineral waters. 1.What activities can tourists do at Rio Grande? A.Do water sports. B.Learn to ride horses. C.Do part-time work. D.Do beach games. 2.Which is the favourite for hikers? A.Rio Grande.　　B.Madrid. C.Ghost Ranch. D.Truth or Consequences. 3.From which is the text most probably taken? A.A short story. B.A speech. C.A notice. D.A travel guide. Passage 2(2025山东德州二模) 主题:介绍一本著作　词数:325 难度:★★★★☆　　限时:7分钟 Mo Wilde’s fascinating book,Free Food:Wild Plants and How to Eat Them,makes the case for connecting with nature by finding your cuisine beyond supermarket shelves. A couple of years ago,the thin branches of an elder(接骨木) bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building,gradually forming what I can only describe as a piece of living wallpaper.Mother Nature was breaking into our boundaries—reminding us who’s boss.I thought it was fantastic,but the householder did not.A tree surgeon was called in. Mo Wilde would have had other ideas.In Free Food, she suggests using elder leaves when cooking potatoes:they have a similar taste to parsley,a plant used as a herb in cooking.This simple way bridges the gap that middlemen,such as supermarkets and grocery shops,have placed between us and the natural world.“We are nature,” Wilde writes.“And making good use of more wild food into our diets will make us more conscious of that.” Free Food advocates for integration,not complete replacement.For instance,try using leaves instead of tin foil for wrapping delicate food when barbecuing.Tables,like the “Wild Spice Conversion Chart” make wild garlic look downright basic.Do you know sneezewort produces a similar taste to Sichuan pepper?Her suggestions even involve using plants for medicinal teas and household items.Wilde’s tone is encouraging and her expertise and experience make you trust her,and her enthusiasm makes you turn the page. Readers whose home is their kitchen will notice that Wilde provides more ideas than recipes.Since reading Free Food, I’ve found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without an app,though there is always an app that would instantly tell me what they are.The appeal of collecting is that it forces you to pay attention to your surroundings and build a relationship with nature,one plant at a time. 4.Why did the householder call in a tree surgeon? A.To remove the elder branches. B.To repair the blinds. C.To get another elder tree planted. D.To replace the wallpaper. 5.Where does Mo Wilde see a gap? A.Between elder leaves and parsley. B.Between our diets and nature gifts. C.Between wild food and our awareness. D.Between supermarkets and grocery shops. 6.What can the underlined word “sneezewort” refer to in paragraph 4? A.A health-care tea. B.A big leaf used as a package. C.A household cleaning article. D.A wild plant with a hot flavor. 7.What change has the author undergone after reading Free Food? A.Falling in love with cooking. B.Starting to collect leaves for recipes. C.Coming into closer contact with nature. D.Learning to draw on apps to explore plants. Passage 3(2025安徽芜湖二模) 主题:语言与健康　词数:347 难度:★★★★☆　限时:7分钟 Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age.Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating.In a landmark paper,researchers found that dementia(痴呆) patients who were bilingual developed symptoms four years later,on average,than those who weren’t.“We use language in all aspects of daily life,so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou,an associate professor at Western Sydney University. However,despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health,the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive(认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings.Research by Dr.Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language-learning program,people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well.Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores,but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline.Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results.One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers,who may have already been at peak performance for their age,making it hard to see any improvements.Another is about the language programs.“The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length,” said Judith Grossman,a researcher.Some studies involved teaching participants for six months,while others for just one very intense week. To Dr.Antoniou,the findings are not entirely surprising.“No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said.“Therefore,it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.” 8.How does speaking various languages offer benefits? A.By keeping the brain active. B.By relieving mental symptoms. C.By improving one’s intelligence. D.By increasing language fluency. 9.What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2? A.It doesn’t show consistent cognitive improvement. B.It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles. C.It prevents the decline of old people’s mental health. D.It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians. 10.Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing? A.Researchers used outdated teaching materials. B.Volunteers were already at their age’s cognitive peak. C.The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary. D.Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language. 11.What might be Antoniou’s suggestion? A.Examining scientific findings critically. B.Finding more ways to enhance cognition. C.Studying a new language from an early age. D.Learning essential skills throughout childhood. 答案： Passage 1 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新墨西哥州最值得一游的4个地方。 1.A　细节理解题。Rio Grande部分中的“The river section between Taos and Española is perfect for white-water rafting,with many companies offering adventure trips.South of the river,between Albuquerque and Socorro,visitors can enjoy peaceful floating and kayaking.”提到在Rio Grande,游客可以体验激流漂流(white-water rafting)、平静的泛舟(peaceful floating)和皮划艇(kayaking),均属于水上运动(water sports)。 2.C　细节理解题。根据Ghost Ranch部分中的 “Located in Abiquiu’s beautiful red-rock area,Ghost Ranch was once home to painter Georgia O’Keeffe,which offers workshops,hiking trails,museums,and 21,000 acres of natural space.”可知,Ghost Ranch提供徒步路线(hiking trails)和自然空间,适合徒步爱好者。 3.D　推理判断题。文章标题“The 4 Best Places to Visit in New Mexico”和内容结构(推荐景点、活动及特色)符合旅游指南的特点。 提分干货 高频 词汇 1.landscape n.风景 2.affordable adj.买得起的,付得起的 3.ideal adj. 理想的 重点 短语 1.be located in 位于 2.be home to 是……的家园 难句 分析 This uniquely named city is famous for its hot springs,which are less crowded and more affordable than other places in the state,making it ideal for visitors who want to relax and enjoy the natural mineral waters. 分析:本句为主从复合句。which are less crowded and more affordable than other places in the state为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词hot springs;making it ideal for visitors who want to relax and enjoy the natural mineral waters为现在分词短语作状语,who want to relax and enjoy the natural mineral waters为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词visitors。 译文:这个名字独特的城市以其温泉而闻名,与该州其他地方相比,这里的温泉不那么拥挤,价格也更便宜,是想放松身心、享受天然矿泉水的游客的理想之选。 Passage 2 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Mo Wilde的著作,倡导通过寻觅野生植物来打破现代社会与自然的隔阂。 4.A　细节理解题。根据第二段“A couple of years ago,the thin branches of an elder bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building,gradually forming what I can only describe as a piece of living wallpaper.Mother Nature was breaking into our boundaries—reminding us who’s boss.I thought it was fantastic,but the householder did not.A tree surgeon was called in.”可知,一棵接骨木的细枝伸进了房间,作者把它看作是“活墙纸”,但是房主不这么认为,叫来了树木修整专家,由此推知叫来树木修整专家是为了移除接骨木的细枝,故选A项。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Free Food,she suggests using elder leaves when cooking potatoes:they have a similar taste to parsley,a plant used as a herb in cooking.This simple way bridges the gap that middlemen,such as supermarkets and grocery shops,have placed between us and the natural world.”可知,Mo Wilde建议使用接骨木叶子替代欧芹,这样就弥合了我们和自然之间的鸿沟,所以她看到了在我们的饮食和自然界的礼物之间的鸿沟,故选B项。 6.D　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Wild Spice Conversion Chart”和下文“produces a similar taste to Sichuan pepper”可知,sneezewort的味道和四川花椒差不多,由此推知sneezewort指的是“一种有辣味的野生植物”,故选D项。 7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Since reading Free Food, I’ve found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without an app,though there is always an app that would instantly tell me what they are.The appeal of collecting is that it forces you to pay attention to your surroundings and build a relationship with nature,one plant at a time.”可知,读完Free Food,作者与大自然有了更亲密的接触,故选C项。 易错点拨:本题易错选B项。选项B的“collect leaves”与原文“picking leaves”部分匹配,容易误导考生忽略后半句的“for recipes”。作者提到自己开始采摘叶子并尝试辨认(picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them),但并未明确说明是为了“食谱”(for recipes)。书中倡导的是通过采集建立与自然的联系(build a relationship with nature),而非单纯为了烹饪。 提分干货 高频 词汇 1.fantastic adj.极好的 2.replacement n.代替 熟词 生义 delicate(生) adj.精致的　(熟) adj.纤弱的;微妙的 重点 短语 1.call in召来 2.make good use of充分利用 难句 分析 Since reading Free Food,I’ve found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without an app,though there is always an app that would instantly tell me what they are. 分析:本句为主从复合句。whether I can identify them without an app为whether引导的宾语从句;though there is always an app为though引导的让步状语从句,that would instantly tell me what they are为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词app,what they are为what引导的宾语从句。 译文:自从阅读了《免费食物》之后,我发现自己会摘树叶,看看自己是否可以在没有应用程序的情况下识别它们,尽管总有一个应用程序可以立即告诉我它们是什么。 Passage 3 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是学习多种语言对老年人认知健康的影响及相关研究结果,探讨了双语能力与大脑健康的关联性。 8.A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating.”以及“‘We use language in all aspects of daily life,so a bilingual brain is constantly working,’said Mark Antoniou,an associate professor at Western Sydney University.”可知,经常说多种语言通过刺激智力,让大脑不断工作,也就是让大脑保持活跃来提供益处。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Research by Dr.Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language-learning program,people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well.Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores,but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline.Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.”可知,有的研究表明60岁及以上的中国成年人在六个月的语言学习后认知水平有提高,玩填字游戏的人的认知水平也有提高,有的研究发现上四个月英语课的意大利老人认知分数无变化,还有的研究发现参加语言学习项目后认知表现几乎无差异。由此推知,语言学习对认知的改善并不一致。 10.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中 “One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers,who may have already been at peak performance for their age,making it hard to see any improvements.”可知,一些语言学习研究结果令人失望的一个原因是参与者是积极性很高的志愿者,他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰,所以很难看到任何改善。 11.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “‘No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,’ he said.‘Therefore,it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.’”可知,Antoniou认为学习六个月新语言和一生使用两种语言不一样,所以理想的状况是一个人在童年时期就开始学习新语言,以最大限度地提高其在一生中改善认知功能的能力。由此推知,Antoniou建议从小学习一门新语言。 提分干货 高频 词汇 1.bilingual adj.双语的　2.decline vi.下降 3.potential adj.潜在的,可能的 熟词 生义 associate (生)adj.副的　(熟)n.同事;伙伴 重点 短语 1.on average平均 2.look into调查,研究 难句 分析 Research by Dr.Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language-learning program,people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. 分析:本句为主从复合句。that引导的是宾语从句,该从句中又包含while引导的让步状语从句,who played games like crossword puzzles为who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people。 译文:安东尼奥博士及其同事的研究发现,虽然60岁及以上的中国成年人在接受了六个月的语言学习项目后,在认知测试中的表现有所提高,但玩填字游戏等游戏的人也有同样的表现。 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $