专题2 第4讲 利用逻辑关系,破解七选五阅读（课件PPT）-【满分思维】2026年高考二轮专题复习·英语

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“七选五阅读”专题，依据高考评价体系梳理了并列、递进、转折、因果、例证、解释六大逻辑关系核心考点，通过2022-2025年全国卷真题分析，明确了并列（如2022新高考Ⅰ卷）、转折（如2022全国乙卷）等高频考点分布，构建了“逻辑关系词识别+语境推理”的答题体系。 课件亮点在于“真题典例精析+解题技巧建模”，如以2022全国乙卷转折关系题为例，解析“but”标志词与上下文语义逆转的关联，培养学生语言理解能力和逻辑思维品质。特设“逻辑关系词库”和“语境分析步骤”，助力学生快速定位答案，教师可依托此课件实施针对性训练，提升复习效率。

第4讲　利用逻辑关系,破解七选五阅读 每篇文章都是一个有机统一的整体,各部分之间存在着一定的内在联系。从逻辑意义上来看,句子之间常常有总分、并列、递进、顺承、转折、解释、因果、过渡、例证等关系,有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此,理解阅读七选五的阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络,弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文章或选项中出现了逻辑关系词,考生就可以利用其来进行推理判断;如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词,这就需要考生全面理解文章大意,根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系,并做出正确的判断。 类型1　并列关系 [典例](2022新高考Ⅰ卷节选) C [语境猜词] ①                            ②                                        ③　　　　 　　  出现　 adj. 尴尬的　 在不远处 ▶深度解析 根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.’One reason was:‘You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,’”可知,本空应陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“You’ll...if...”的结构,根据句式一致原则,可优先看C项。 ▶解题关键 设空处前后句之间是否含有并列的逻辑关系,可以通过表示并列关系的标志词(组)来判断,如and、first(ly)、second(ly)、then/next、to begin with、for one thing、for another thing、finally/last等。 类型2　递进关系 [典例](2025全国一卷节选) “I enjoy working in the cafe,” Murphy said.　40 　 She has every intention① of staying and continuing doing what she loves.  A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up② drinks,it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. G [语境猜词] ①                            ②                                        n.意图　 提供 ▶深度解析 前文 “她喜欢在咖啡馆工作” 表达态度,后文 “打算留下继续做热爱的事” 强调决心。G项 “她已经在这儿工作了17年,无法想象在其他地方工作” 用时间长度和情感依赖表语意递进,强化 “热爱” 的程度。 ▶解题关键 递进关系是前后句之间常见的逻辑关系。有时可以通过表示递进关系的标志词(组)来判断,如even、also、besides、in addition、not only...but (also)...、furthermore、additionally、plus、moreover、what’s more等。 类型3　转折关系 [典例](2022全国乙卷节选) •Don’t rely on technology alone 　40 　,but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious① effort to sustain②.Try to seek out③ chances to renew friendships.How to do it?Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.  F A.Remember important dates B.Compensate④ by writing letters C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to⑤ it E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind [语境猜词] ①                            ②                                        ③　　　　 　　  ④                            ⑤                            adj. 有意的　 v.维持　 找出　 vi.弥补　 坚持 ▶深度解析 空处为前半句,根据后半句“but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain”可知,我们要更加有意识地维系异地友谊,其中but说明后半句与设空处形成转折关系,F项“It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media”提到通过社交媒体很容易与朋友产生联系感,与后半句形成转折,而且其中的social media呼应了小标题中的technology。故选F项。 ▶解题关键 如果设空处前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,则设空处很有可能是个转折关系的句子。表示转折关系的连接词(组)有however、instead、but、nevertheless、nonetheless、though、yet、on the contrary、by contrast、by comparison、conversely、otherwise等。 类型4　因果关系 [典例](2025全国一卷节选) Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.　38 　 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning,” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.  C A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B.She has two children aged eight and four. C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D.After finishing an order,she calls out the name on the cup. E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks,it also serves up smiles. F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else. ▶深度解析 前文 “每天 4:45 起床,开车 30 分钟上班” 强调其勤奋,后文引用她的话 “喜欢为学生煮咖啡,知道他们早上需要” 解释原因。C项 “她有时早到提前服务” 是对 “早起” 行为的进一步说明,体现 “主动服务” 的动机。前后为因果关系。 ▶解题关键 设空处前后句之间是否含有因果的逻辑关系,可以通过一些关联词(组)来判断,如why、because、since、now that、so、due to、owing to、thanks to、as a result、consequently、result in、on account of、as a consequence、therefore、thus、hence 等。 类型5　例证关系 [典例](2023全国乙卷节选) There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases,such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.　39　 .  A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits① to growing plants indoors D.Instead,they grow better inside,where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding② E [语境猜词] ①                            ②                                        ▶深度解析 本题可以利用例证关系解题。根据上文“There is also research showing... chemicals from paints or cooking.”可知,盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知,E项“Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best(像和平百合和黄金葛之类的植物是最好的)”能够承接上文,列举了在这方面效果最好的植物,符合语境。 n.益处　 adj.值得的,有意义的 ▶解题关键 设空处前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性,思维过程基本是归纳和推理。常见的表示例证关系的标志词(组)有like、such as、for example、for instance、in fact/as a matter of fact、actually、in other words/that is to say等。 类型6　解释关系 [典例](2021全国甲卷节选) ·Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. 　39　 .Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.  F A.Less people than that B.Hold a clothing swap① C.If two people are competing D.Just keep music playing throughout E.Donate whatever clothes are left over F.Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots② G.Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition③ [语境猜词] ①                            ②                                        ③　　　　 　　  n.交换,交易　 n.地点　 状况良好 ▶深度解析 空前提到“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(在房间的不同区域放不同类型的衣服)”,那么设空处应当是对前文如何在不同区域放不同类型衣服的解释,F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots(让每个人都把衣服放在合适的位置)”是对前文的解释和说明。 ▶解题关键 从逻辑意义上来看,句子与句子之间常常是解释关系,往往作者在提出观点后,紧接着就会对这个观点进行解释说明。表示解释关系的标志词(组)有that is to say、in other words等。因此,把握文章结构,厘清作者所表达的观点至关重要。 课堂应用 A(2023全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person A.Find your causes B.Start with small tasks C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable,not intolerable G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience Here’s a riddle:What do traffic jams,long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?There’s one answer.　1　 .  In the Digital Age,we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However,research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks. •Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits:Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.　2　 .“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li,researcher at the University of California.  G E •Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time,but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run.And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.　3　 .Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice,the more you start to apply it to other more annoying situations.  B •　4 　  So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate,and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself, “　5　 .”You’ll then gradually become more patient.  【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了成为一个更加有耐心的人的技巧。 C F 【答案与解析】 1.G　前一句引用了一个谜语,该谜语的意思是“交通拥堵、排长队和等待假期开始这些情况有什么共同点?”,设空处内容是该谜语的谜底,并且该空位于第一段,应起到引入主题、总领全文的作用。结合选项可知,G选项(这些都是我们需要多点耐心的情况)既能概括谜语中提到的三种情况,又能起到引入主题的作用。故选G项。 2.E　该空位于小标题“Practice gratitude”下面。前一句说明了感激的好处,但并没有将感激与耐心相结合。后一句说明了表达感激可以培养自制力。由此可以推断,设空处应该说明感激与耐心的关系。分析选项可知,只有E选项阐述了感激与耐心的关系,其中的It指Thankfulness,并且also起到承接上文的作用。故选E项。 3.B　前一句指出养成等待这一习惯的唯一方法就是去训练,后一句用具体的例子(推迟看最喜欢的节目,吃蛋糕前多等十分钟)说明应如何训练。由此可知,设空处应该阐述如何训练,并与下文所举的例子相呼应。B选项就是训练指导,且small tasks与后文举的例子相呼应。故选B项。 4.C　设空处是本段小标题。根据前面两个小标题的特点可知,设空处应该用祈使句,符合其特点的是A、B、C三个选项,B选项已排除;结合本段中的“being comfortable is the only...experience something outside of our comfort zone”可推知,C选项(接受不适)符合语境。故选C项。 5.F　后一句提到“那样你就会逐渐变得更有耐心”,从then可以看出此句与前一句为顺承关系,由此推知,设空处应该是介绍怎么处理“不舒适”的情况,作者劝告读者怎么去做,所以F选项“这仅仅是不舒适,而不是无法忍受”符合题意。由本段中的关键词comfortable、tolerate也可以推知设空处作者给的劝告与此相关。故选F项。 B(2022新高考Ⅱ卷) A.Make sure your handwriting is neat. B.Let your pen follow the waves of thought. C.The second draft of the essay should be better. D.First of all,learn the technique of nonstop writing. E.Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F.Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise. G.Then you can print out a fresh draft,again setting your text on triple-space. Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people.However,the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques. 　6　 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay,put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.Stay loose and free.　7　 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.Even though this technique won’t work for everyone,it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.  D B The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.　8　 Yet,by learning to live with imperfection,you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled(弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration,not as a complete highway.  The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced(三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.　9 　 As a result,these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore,you can enter your changes into your word processor.　10          　 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.  【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种写文章的简单技巧。 E F G 【答案与解析】 6.D　上文提到学会应用三种简单技巧,接下来应介绍第一条,对应D项里的First of all;下文中的write nonstop对应D项中的nonstop writing。 7.B　上文提到要不停地写并保持放松和不受限制的状态,故B项“让笔随心。”符合语境。 8.E　上文表明要快速打草稿而不要担心完美程度,下文则说:然而,通过学会与不完美共存,你会省去很多烦恼。E项“太多作者试图一次性把草稿写对。”中的right(正确)与上文中的perfect(完美)对应。 9.F　设空处上句提到要打印出一份三倍行距留有修改空间的稿子,下句则说:结果,这些作者决不会形成划掉大块草稿在空白处写修改内容的习惯。F项“很多初写文章的作者不留出足够的修改空间。”承接上文的“留出修改空间”,而“不留出足够的修改空间”引出下文的无法形成在空白处写修改内容的习惯。三句中的线索词是space和revise/revisions。 10.G　上文提到在第一次草稿被改得无处下笔后,把你的修改输入文字处理软件,下文表明这样处理后形成的空白可以使你再次修改。G项“然后再次将你的文稿设置成三倍行距打出一份新草稿。”承接上文,引出下文,衔接得当。关键词print out和triple-space对应本段第一句主题句。 $