专题06 阅读理解20篇（说明文）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一模分类汇编

专题06 阅读理解20篇（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）Are you curious about the future? What do you think our life will be like in 50 years or more? To answer this, you can read a sci-fi book. Perhaps you will have some ideas then. Today, many young readers are interested in science fiction. But what makes it so popular? For one thing, science fiction gives us a chance to imagine what our future will be like. Anything is possible. We can dream big. Some people think there will be flying cars and robot servants. Others believe we will learn more about strange aliens (外星人) and other worlds. Another reason is that sci-fi writers and their work can inspire us to create the future. In 1945, a sci-fi author named Arthur C． Clarke wrote about a system of space stations. In the article, he predicted (预测) the earth of the future would have many TV stations and people would send TV programmes around the world. However, this was before TV was a common item at home! In a short story by Clarke, he suggested people in the future would use a system to talk to others around the world. Amazingly, the short story was actually the inspiration for the internet! Science fiction is also popular because it can make us think about our world in novel ways. These ways may be greatly different from those we already have. Although many sci-fi stories are set in imaginary worlds or societies, they can help us better understand the real world. They can also make us excited when we feel like we are living in a boring world. What will the future be like? Sci-fi inspires us and helps us to understand what it could be like. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By making comparisons. 2．What did Arthur C． Clarke write about in 1945 according to paragraph 3? A．Flying cars and robots. B．A system of space stations. C．TV stations and programmes. 3．What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 4 mean? A．New. B．Secret. C．Traditional. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a world-famous sci-fi writer. B．To predict what our life will be like in 50 years. C．To explain why science fiction is popular among readers. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了科幻小说深受年轻人喜爱的三个原因：能让人们畅想未来、激励人们创造未来、并以新颖视角帮助我们理解现实世界。 1．文章开头用了两个问句“Are you curious about the future? What do you think our life will be like in 50 years or more?”，因此是通过提问的方式引出话题的。 2．根据“In 1945, a sci-fi author named Arthur C. Clarke wrote about a system of space stations.”可知，克拉克在1945年描写了一个空间站系统。 3．结合后一句“These ways may be greatly different from those we already have.”可知，划线处指“新颖的方式”。 4．根据第一段结尾“Today, many young readers are interested in science fiction. But what makes it so popular?”以及第二、三、四段的开头可知，本文是在介绍科幻小说受欢迎的原因。 Passage 2 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）About 2,500 years ago, there was a big battle near the town of Marathon in Greece. Greece won the battle and the Greek soldier Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens to tell their victory. This was about forty kilometers long. When he arrived in Athens, he shouted, “We have won” and then died! When the first modern Olympic Games started in Greece in 1896, they celebrated the legend (传奇故事) of Pheidippides with a race from Marathon Bridge to the Olympic Stadium in Athens. They called this race a marathon (马拉松). Seventeen competitors took part, but only eight finished the race. In 1908, the Olympic Games were in London. The marathon was 42.195 kilometers long, and a few years later, this became the official length (官方长度). There were thousands of marathons in different countries every year. People run marathons because they like taking part in competitions, or simply because they love running. Once in Greenland, there was a marathon on ice. And an English man once walked a marathon underwater in Loch Ness, Scotland. It took him twelve days! According to the notice from the Weihai government, a marathon was planned to be held on November 9th, 2025, but the event was later cancelled. The event included a full marathon, a half marathon and a fun run. The government planned to interest 20,000 runners in taking part in it. 1．Why did Pheidippides run from Marathon to Athens? A．To practise running. B．To finish a competition. C．To tell the victory of a battle. 2．What can we know about the first modern Olympic Games from paragraph 2? A．Only eight competitors took part in the marathon. B．People held a marathon to remember Pheidippides. C．42.195 kilometers became the official length of marathon. 3．Which city planned to hold a marathon in November 2025 according to the text? A．Greece. B．London. C．Weihai. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The First Modern Olympic Games​ B．The History and Development of Marathon​ C．Interesting Marathon Events Around the World 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了马拉松的起源、现代奥运会马拉松的发展、世界各地的马拉松趣闻，以及即将举办的威海马拉松赛事，介绍了马拉松的历史与相关活动。 1．第一段“the Greek soldier Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens to tell their victory”指出，希腊士兵Pheidippides跑步的原因是传递战斗胜利的消息。 2．第二段“When the first modern Olympic Games started in Greece in 1892, they celebrated the legend (传奇故事) of Pheidippides...”提到，1892年第一届现代奥运会举办马拉松比赛是为了纪念Pheidippides。 3．第四段“According to the notice from the Weihai government, a marathon was planned to be held on November 9th, 2025...”提到，原定于2025年11月举办马拉松的城市是威海。 4．文章介绍了马拉松的起源故事、现代奥运会马拉松的发展、各地的马拉松趣闻以及即将举办的威海马拉松，最佳标题是马拉松的历史与发展。 Passage 3 （2026·湖南湘西·一模）Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) is one of the oldest traditional arts in China. It is also part of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage. In shadow puppetry, people use special leather puppets and light to tell stories. Behind a white screen, performers hold the puppets and move them carefully. At the same time, they sing and tell old stories from history or folk tales. Long ago, shadow puppetry was very popular. It was a great way for common people to enjoy stories and art. Today, fewer young people know about it. To save this traditional art, some artists go to schools to teach students. Many students show great interest in it. They think it is fun and meaningful. Now more people begin to know the importance of shadow puppetry. We should try our best to keep it and pass it on. 1．What is Chinese shadow puppetry according to the passage? A．A kind of traditional food. B．An old traditional art in China. C．A new kind of sport. 2．Why do some artists go to schools? A．To teach students shadow puppetry. B．To tell students strict school rules. C．To watch students’ interesting shows. 3．What do many students think of shadow puppetry? A．It is boring and difficult. B．It is expensive but popular. C．It is fun and meaningful. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Shadow puppetry is popular all over the world. B．We should protect and pass on shadow puppetry. C．Young people know a lot about shadow puppetry. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统艺术皮影戏的形式、历史以及当前面临的问题，并呼吁大家保护和传承这一非物质文化遗产。 1．由第一段“Chinese shadow puppetry is one of the oldest traditional arts in China”可知，皮影戏是中国一种古老的传统艺术。 2．由第三段“To save this traditional art, some artists go to schools to teach students”可知，艺术家们去学校是为了教学生皮影戏。 3．由第三段“Many students show great interest in it. They think it is fun and meaningful”可知，许多学生认为皮影戏有趣且有意义。 4．全文先介绍皮影戏的价值，再指出如今了解它的年轻人变少，艺术家们去学校传授，最后一段呼吁“We should try our best to keep it and pass it on”，因此主旨是我们应该保护和传承皮影戏。 Passage 4 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）A study carried out on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) has revealed they can change their minds when presented with new information. This provides evidence of “rationality” (the ability to form and change beliefs based on evidence). Traditionally, it was thought that humans were the only species (物种) that could do this. For the study (conducted in Uganda, Africa), researchers designed a two-step task to test the chimps: First trial (实验): Mislead with weak evidence They put two closed boxes in front of the chimps: one had a piece of wood, the other had an apple (the chimps couldn’t see inside). To mislead the chimps, the researchers shook the box with wood — making a sound to suggest it contained food. They then let the chimps pick a box. Most chimps chose the shaken (wood-containing) box at this stage. Second trial: Provide new, strong evidence Right after the first choice, the researchers opened the other box to show the chimps the apple inside (this was the new evidence), then closed the box again. They then asked the chimps to pick a box once more. During the experiment, the chimps tended to (倾向于) switch their choice to the apple-containing box after seeing the new, stronger evidence. This showed they could update their decision based on the latest information. Emily Sanford, one of the researchers, said this ability is something seen in four-year-old children. “It was exciting to show that chimps can do this too,” she said. For the next part of the study, researchers will give young children the same tasks so they can compare the results. 1．What did the study on chimpanzees reveal? A．Chimps like eating apples more than other food. B．Chimps can change their minds with new information. C．Humans are the only rational species. 2．Why did the researchers shake the box with wood? A．To test if the chimps could hear the sound. B．To make the chimps think the box had food. C．To break the wood into small pieces. 3．What does the underlined word “rationality” mean in the passage? A．直觉 B．理性 C．冲动 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Researchers have completed the comparison experiment between chimps and children. B．Four-year-old children’s rational thinking ability is far superior to that of chimps. C．Future research will focus on comparing the abilities of chimps and children. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家对黑猩猩进行的一项研究。研究发现，当获得新信息时，黑猩猩能够改变自己的决定，这证明了它们具备根据证据更新信念的“理性”能力，挑战了人类是唯一具备此能力物种的传统观点。 1．文章第一段指出“A study carried out on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) has revealed they can change their minds when presented with new information.”，这直接说明了这项研究揭示了黑猩猩能够在出现新信息时改变主意。 2．在“First trial (实验): Mislead with weak evidence”部分提到，研究人员摇晃装有木块的盒子，“making a sound to suggest it contained food”，明确表明研究人员这样做是为了制造声音，误导黑猩猩以为那个盒子里有食物。 3．文中第一段提到 “This provides evidence of ‘rationality’ (the ability to form and change beliefs based on evidence)”，括号内的内容是对“rationality”的直接解释，即“根据证据形成和改变信念的能力”。结合常识和选项，“理性”最符合这个定义。 4．最后一段提到“For the next part of the study, researchers will give young children the same tasks so they can compare the results.”，这说明研究的下一步是让儿童参与同样的任务以进行比较。因此可以推断，未来的研究将侧重于比较黑猩猩和儿童的能力。 Passage 5 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Hunan Cuisine (菜肴), also known as Xiang Cuisine, is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisines. More than just food, it carries the history of Hunan province and its rich culture. With a long history, Hunan Cuisine began to take shape during the Han Dynasty and became more popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The warm and wet weather in Hunan led local people to develop special ways to keep food good for longer, such as smoking meat. Also, the special weather has influenced people’s eating habits for centuries. Hunan cooks use plenty of chili peppers and spices (香料), which is why the cuisine is famous for its hot and heavy tastes. A perfect example is Spicy Crayfish (小龙虾), a favorite across China. But Hunan dishes are more than just hot-they skillfully balance five tastes: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. Interestingly, the cuisine also shapes the character of Hunan people. Like their food, they are known for their bravery and energy in the face of difficulties. Many other Hunan dishes are worth mentioning. Stinky Tofu, for example, has a strong smell but a delicious taste, which is often served fried with a hot sauce. Steamed Fish Head full of red and green chili peppers makes people’s mouths water with just one look. Jinshi Beef Noodles are famous for their rich soup and beef, making them a local favorite. The list goes on and on… Today, Hunan Cuisine is enjoyed around the world. While keeping traditional methods alive, cooks are also exploring new ways of cooking. Special TV programs have further helped to protect and share this wonderful cuisine. 1．When did Hunan Cuisine begin to take shape? A．During the Han Dynasty. B．In the Tang and Ming dynasties. C．In the Ming and Qing dynasties. 2．Why is warm and wet weather in Hunan mentioned in Para. 2? A．To describe the character of Hunan people. B．To explain the reason for using chili peppers. C．To show different kinds of good food in Hunan. 3．What are Jinshi Beef Noodles famous for? A．Strong smell. B．Hot sauce. C．Rich soup and beef. 4．How is Hunan Cuisine developing today? A．It is less popular than before. B．It is changing with the local climate. C．It keeps traditions while trying new ways. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了湘菜的发展历史、口味特点、代表菜品以及当下传承与创新并行的发展现状。 1．第二段第一句指出：“Hunan Cuisine began to take shape during the Han Dynasty...”，直接说明湘菜于汉朝初步形成。 2．第二段提到：“The warm and wet weather... has influenced people’s eating habits... use plenty of chili peppers...”，湿热气候影响饮食习惯，是当地人大量食用辣椒的原因。 3．第三段指出：“Jinshi Beef Noodles are famous for their rich soup and beef...”，明确了津市牛肉面以浓郁汤底和牛肉闻名。 4．最后一段指出：“While keeping traditional methods alive, cooks are also exploring new ways of cooking.”，说明湘菜传承传统同时创新做法。 Passage 6 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）Have you ever wondered how AI “sees” the world? Unlike humans, AI has no eyes, ears, or nose to learn about the world. Instead, it uses a special way to “know” things—through the data (数据) we provide. If we feed it photos, it learns from the colors and shapes. If we give it sound, it studies the sound waves. AI has no feelings. It does not feel hunger, cold, or fear. It never lies awake at night, worrying about a test. Since it has no body, it has no real-life experiences. However, AI can still help us understand the world. It can look at millions of pictures in one minute and find the cat among them. It can read a long story very quickly and tell us the main idea. It can even predict tomorrow’s weather by processing today’s data. All of these abilities rest on one simple truth: AI is only as good as what we feed it. We have to remember the rule-Garbage in, garbage out. If we provide AI with wrong or messy data, the answers will be wrong or messy. If we give it exact data, the answers can be clear. The better the data, the clearer its “vision (视觉)”. So, AI’s “eye” is the data we share. We are the ones who open or close that “eye”. Use it carefully, and AI becomes a bright flashlight in a dark room. Use it carelessly, and it is only a broken mirror. The choice is always ours-set clear goals, check the facts, and decide what “good” should look like. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us? A．Why AI is smart. B．What data AI needs. C．How AI learns about the world. 2．How does the writer introduce the ways that AI helps us? A．By explaining reasons. B．By providing examples. C．By answering questions. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To compare AI to humans. B．To tell the importance of AI. C．To encourage the careful use of AI. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The future of AI B．AI: seeing through data C．The everyday use of AI 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍了人工智能如何通过数据“认识”世界，强调了数据质量对AI表现的决定性影响，并呼吁人们负责任地使用AI。 1．第一段通过对比人类感知世界的方式，解释了AI通过数据来“认识”世界，即“AI如何学习世界”。 2．第二段列举了AI能在一分钟内查看数百万张图片、快速阅读长故事、预测天气等具体例子，以此来说明AI如何帮助人类。 3．最后一段指出“AI’s ‘eye’ is the data we share... Use it carefully... Use it carelessly... The choice is always ours”，旨在鼓励人们谨慎使用AI。 4．全文围绕AI通过数据来“看”世界这一核心观点展开，因此最佳标题是“AI：通过数据观察世界”。 Passage 7 （2026·湖南邵阳·一模）When teenagers face sudden accidents, knowing what to do is very important. Here are two useful tips from the safety class. Tip 1:Stay Calm (冷静) If you see someone fall down the stairs, don’t shout or cry. First, take a deep breath. Then, ask an adult nearby for help quickly. If you are alone, call the emergency number (急救电话) 110 or 120. Tell them where you are and what happened clearly. Tip 2: Protect Yourself If there is a fire in your building, do not take the lift (电梯). It is dangerous. You should cover your mouth with a wet towel (毛巾) and bend down low to get out. Also, feel the door first. If it is hot, don’t open it, and find another way. In our daily life, we should also learn some basic first aid (急救). For example, when your friend has a nosebleed (流鼻血), ask him to lean forward (向前倾) and press the nose. Don’t let him put his head back, because it’s an old wrong way. “Learning these skills can keep us safe and even save lives,” says Mr. Chen, a police officer. 1．What should you do first if you see someone fall down the stairs? A．Shout for help. B．Stay calm and take a deep breath. C．Call 120 at once. 2．Why shouldn’t we take the lift when there is a fire? A．Because it is too slow. B．Because it is very dangerous. C．Because there are too many people. 3．If your friend has a nosebleed, what is the RIGHT way to help? A．Let him put his head back. B．Ask him to lean forward and press the nose. C．Let him lie down on the bed. 4．What is the main purpose (主要目的) of this passage? A．To teach teenagers how to deal with accidents. B．To tell us to stay away from danger. C．To show the work of a police officer. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了青少年在面对突发事故时的安全应对方法与急救知识。 1．根据Tip 1 “Stay Calm”部分的描述“If you see someone fall down the stairs, don’t shout or cry. First, take a deep breath.” 看到有人从楼梯摔下时，首先要做的是保持冷静并深呼吸。 2．根据Tip 2 “Protect Yourself”部分的描述：“If there is a fire in your building, do not take the lift (电梯). It is dangerous.” 文中直接说明火灾时不能乘坐电梯的原因是电梯很危险。 3．根据文中关于流鼻血急救的内容：“when your friend has a nosebleed, ask him to lean forward (向前倾) and press the nose. Don’t let him put his head back, because it’s an old wrong way.” 正确做法是让朋友向前倾并按压鼻子。 4．文章开头提到“Here are two useful tips from the safety class.”，并围绕楼梯摔倒、火灾逃生、流鼻血急救等突发事故的应对方法展开，结尾也强调学习这些技能能保护自身安全甚至挽救生命，因此文章的主要目的是教青少年如何应对突发事故。 Passage 8 （2026·湖南郴州·一模）We often think humans are special because we can show many emotions (情绪). But bumblebees (大黄蜂) can do this too. They can feel happiness and even spread it to other bees. In a study published in Science, a team of researchers discovered that good moods can spread, even among insects with brains smaller than a sesame seed (芝麻籽). They gave one bee a surprise treat of sugar water. This made the bee feel happy and change how it acted. It became braver and more willing to land on different types of flowers. It also did this more quickly than before. Other bees nearby also began acting more cheerfully and bravely, even though they didn’t get any sugar water. To make sure that the bees weren’t just copying each other, researchers used barriers (障碍物) to control how bees communicated. This way, only certain senses were allowed to come into play—like touch and sight—or none at all. They found that bees could spread happiness just by seeing each other. They didn’t need to touch or smell to catch the good feelings. This ability is called emotional connection. It means feelings can spread among bees. One bee can understand and feel what another bee is feeling. Scientists used to think only animals with bigger brains could do this. Before this study, we didn’t know insects like bees could do this. This discovery is important. It suggests that sharing emotions is not just for big-brained animals but a key part of social life itself. So, when you see a bee buzzing in the garden, it might be spreading more than just pollen (花粉)—it could be spreading joy! 1．What can we know about the bee after getting sugar water? A．It became slower. B．It became quieter. C．It became braver. 2．How do bees spread happiness according to the study? A．By seeing each other. B．By smelling each other. C．By touching each other. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To introduce a new research topic. B．To show the main idea of the text. C．To encourage readers to protect bees. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Science study. B．Travel stories. C．Healthy life. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项发表在《科学》杂志上的研究，发现大黄蜂能感受到快乐，且这种好心情能在蜜蜂之间传播，还介绍了传播方式及该发现的意义。 1．第三段指出研究发现：“This made the bee feel happy and change how it acted. It became braver and more willing to land on different types of flowers.”，这直接说明蜜蜂得到糖水后变得更勇敢了。 2．第四段说明传播方式：“They found that bees could spread happiness just by seeing each other. They didn’t need to touch or smell to catch the good feelings.”，表明蜜蜂通过相互看见来传播快乐。 3．最后一段阐述核心意义：“This discovery is important. It suggests that sharing emotions is not just for big-brained animals but a key part of social life itself.”，其主要目的是点明文章的核心观点。 4．全文围绕一项关于大黄蜂情绪传播的科学研究展开，第一段明确提到“a study published in Science”，因此这篇文章可能来自杂志的“科学研究”板块。 Passage 9 （2026·湖南岳阳·一模）From March 5 to 12, 2026, the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) was held in Beijing. At the meeting, Geng Zunzhu, a deputy (代表) to the National People's Congress, put forward some important suggestions. He is the Party secretary of Gengdian New Village in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. Geng Zunzhu said that we should offer more support to deal with straw (秸秆) in greenhouse agriculture. We should also speed up the treatment of farm animals’ wastes in villages. The wastes can pollute the environment if we do not deal with them well. By dealing with straw and waste properly, we can turn waste into useful things. This helps protect the environment and develop green agriculture. Green agriculture is good for the countryside and for our earth. It makes the air cleaner and the soil healthier. All of us should care about environmental protection. Protecting the environment is protecting our home. We should take action to build a greener and better world. 1．When was the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress held? A．From March 5 to 12, 2026. B．From March 1 to 5, 2026. C．From March 10 to 15, 2026. 2．What did Geng Zunzhu advise to do? A．Build more big cities. B．Plant only more trees . C．Deal with straw and livestock waste. 3．What does “pollute” mean? A．make clean B．make strong C．make dirty 4．What’s the passage about? A．Agriculture B．Environmental protection C．History 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕 2026 年全国两会代表耿遵珠的提案展开，介绍了温室农业秸秆处理、农村畜禽粪污治理等环保举措，阐述了绿色农业对环境保护的意义，呼吁大家关注环保、共建绿色家园。 1．根据文章首句“From March 5 to 12, 2026, the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) was held in Beijing.”可知，十四届全国人大四次会议的举办时间为2026年3月5日至12日，A选项符合原文内容，B、C选项时间错误。 2．根据第二段“Geng Zunzhu said that we should offer more support to deal with straw (秸秆) in greenhouse agriculture. We should also speed up the treatment of farm animals’ wastes in villages.”可知，耿遵珠代表的建议是处理温室农业的秸秆、加快农村畜禽粪污治理，C选项符合原文；A“建更多大城市”、B“只种更多树”均与原文无关。 3．根据第二段“The wastes can pollute the environment if we do not deal with them well.”结合常识可知，未经妥善处理的废弃物会对环境造成负面影响，pollute意为“污染”，对应make dirty（弄脏、污染）；A“使干净”、B“使强壮”均不符合词义。 4．文章围绕农业废弃物处理、绿色农业发展展开，核心主题为环境保护，最后一段也明确提到“All of us should care about environmental protection.”点明主旨；A“农业” 是文章的载体，并非核心主题；C“历史” 与原文无关，故选B。 Passage 10 （2026·湖南岳阳·一模）. War Between the US and Iran: Dangers and Hope for Peace Recently, military conflicts (军事冲突) between the United States and Iran have broken out in the Middle East. Many places are filled with smoke and fear. This war brings great harm to people, the country and the whole world. We must understand the dangers of war and strongly call for world peace. First, war kills innocent (无辜的) people and destroys homes. Many civilians (平民) including women and children, lose their lives in the fighting. Schools, hospitals and roads are destroyed. People cannot live safely, and thousands become homeless. No one should live in danger every day. Second, war breaks the economy and makes life difficult. Food and oil become more expensive. Many people lose their jobs. Governments spend much money on weapons (武器) instead of education and medical care. This makes the world develop more slowly. Third, war hurts children's future. Many children cannot go to school. They live with terrible memories of war and feel sad and afraid. These problems are hard to fix in a short time. War has no winners. Only peace can bring safety, hope and development. Countries should solve problems by talking, not fighting. As students, we should love peace, oppose (反对) war and work for a better world. 1．What is destroyed in the war between the US and Iran? A．Schools, hospitals and roads B．Libraries and bookstores C．Parks and supermarkets 2．Which of the following is NOT a danger of the US-Iran war mentioned in the passage? A．Innocent people lose their lives and homes. B．The economy is damaged and people’s lives become hard. C．The Middle East becomes the most dangerous region in the world. 3．What does the author want students to do? A．Learn more about the US-Iran war and its dangers. B．Love peace, oppose war and contribute to a harmonious world. C．Persuade the US and Iran to stop fighting immediately. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The military conflicts between the US and Iran are unavoidable. B．War brings great harm and peace is the only way to a better future. C．The US and Iran should spend more money on education and medical care. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了伊朗和美国的战争带来的危害，并呼吁维护世界和平。 1．根据第二段“Schools, hospitals and roads are destroyed. ”可知，战争摧毁了学校，医院和道路，选项A符合。 2．根据第二段“war kills innocent people and destroys homes”可知，战争夺走了无辜的人的生命并摧毁了他们的家，排除A；根据第三段“ war breaks the economy and makes life difficult”可知，战争破坏了经济，让人们的生活陷入困境，排除B；C选项“The Middle East becomes the most dangerous region in the world.”文章并未提及，选项C符合题意。 3．根据最后一段“As students, we should love peace, oppose war and work for a better world.”可知，作者呼吁学生热爱和平反对战争，为世界和平贡献一份力，选项B符合。 4．根据第一段“This war brings great harm to people, the country and the whole world.”说明战争会给人们，国家以及世界带来危害。第二至第四段系统阐述战争带来的三重危害。最后一段“War has no winners. Only peace… and development. ”总结战争中没有赢家并呼吁维护世界和平发展。全文的主旨是通过阐述战争的危害呼吁拥护世界和平，选项B符合。 Passage 11 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）Just picture: you see a bear in your neighborhood! For people in Japan, this is becoming more common. By Nov 7, more than 100 bear attacks (袭击) had taken place since April, with 13 people killed, according to the Japanese government (政府). Why are more bears coming closer to people? One reason may be climate change. According to a study, climate change can disrupt when plants flower and when pollinators (传粉者), like bees, are active. If these changes don’t match up, plants and pollinators might not work together well anymore. This mismatch can influence the food bears eat. Because they can’t find enough food in the wild, they might come into towns. For example, bears in Japan eat acorns (橡子). However, this year, there aren’t many acorns because of warm weather and unusual rain, said the news website ExplorersWeb. It is also reported that with warmer winters, bears might start their winter sleep later, so they are more likely to meet people. A study shows that young people in Japan are heading to big cities for work, leaving mostly older people in villages. This means more empty farmland and fewer people around, so bears can go into towns more easily. People are worried about bear attacks. In Japan, only hunters with licenses (许可证) can shoot bears. But the number of them is now low because many are getting old, and there aren’t enough new people coming in. 1．What do we know about bears in Japan? A．They are getting hurt more and more easily. B．They are becoming more dangerous to people. C．Many people keep them in their neighborhoods. 2．How might climate change cause problems for bears? A．Bees are hurting them in the wild. B．They are sleeping longer in the winter. C．It’s getting harder for them to find food. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Anyone in Japan can get a license to shoot bears. B．Older people know better how to deal with bear attacks. C．The problem of bear attacks might be hard to solve quickly. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Unbearable Bears. B．The Friendly Bears. C．The Careful Bears. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道类文章，主要讲述了日本出现更多熊靠近人类的情况，分析了熊靠近人类的原因，包括气候变化、人口变化等，还提及了人们对于熊袭击的担忧以及应对熊袭击面临的困难。 1．首段明确指出：“By Nov 7, more than 100 bear attacks (袭击) had taken place since April, with 13 people killed”表明熊对人类的袭击增多，即熊对人类来说变得更危险了， 2．第三段举例说明：“However, this year, there aren’t many acorns because of warm weather and unusual rain”以及“with warmer winters, bears might start their winter sleep later, so they are more likely to meet people.”，以今年因天气原因橡子少以及冬季变暖熊冬眠时间变化为例，进一步说明气候变化对熊的影响，其中橡子少体现熊更难找到食物。 3．最后一段说明应对熊袭击面临的困难：“In Japan, only hunters with licenses (许可证) can shoot bears. But the number of them is now low because many are getting old, and there aren’t enough new people coming in.”，说明在日本只有有许可证的猎人能射杀熊，但有许可证的猎人数量少且老龄化，新猎人补充不足，所以熊袭击的问题可能难以快速解决。 4．文章主要讲述了日本熊靠近人类带来诸多问题，人们难以应对，“The Unbearable Bears.” (难以忍受的熊) 能体现熊带来的困扰，比较符合文意。 Passage 12 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred. Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans. To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland. However, from 2012 to 2016, illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed,” said a member of MEP. Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching (偷猎) has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world. 1．Why was MEP started? A．To raise more elephants in Mali. B．To stop the main lake from drying up. C．To protect the elephants’ living environment. 2．What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The number of organizations has dropped. B．There is much less elephant poaching now. C．The whole world live peacefully with elephants. 4．Which can be the best title? A．Rules of using land and water. B．Education of the local people. C．Saving Gourma Desert elephants. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文介绍了古尔马沙漠大象数量锐减的原因、MEP的保护行动及如今的保护成效。 1．第三段提到：“To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007.”，这句话直接说明了启动MEP的目的。 2．第四段提到：“However, from 2012 to 2016, illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly.”，大象的贸易是违反法律的行为，因此illegal意为“非法的”。 3．最后一段提到：“Elephant poaching (偷猎) has dropped to a very low level.”，说明现在偷猎大象的行为已经大幅减少。 4．全文围绕古尔马沙漠大象的生存危机与保护行动展开，最佳标题为“Saving Gourma Desert elephants.”。 Passage 13 （2026·湖南怀化·一模）Do you get more sleep on the weekend to catch up on sleep you’ve lost during the week? If you have busy weekdays—perhaps with late nights and early alarms—you may enjoy sleeping in your bed for a bit longer on the weekend. According to a new study by researchers in China, that could be reducing your risk of heart problems. The research team wanted to find out whether this “catch-up sleep” made a difference to heart health. They looked at sleep data from almost 91,000 people in the UK, putting volunteers into four groups based on how much sleep they caught up on during their weekends. People’s sleep was recorded using special watches, and their health was tracked for about 14 years. The study found that people who got the most catch-up sleep were 19% less likely to have heart problems compared to those who got the least catch-up sleep. Some even got as many as 16 hours of catch-up sleep on the weekend. The researchers also found that people who got fewer than seven hours of sleep per night were most likely to get help from weekend catch-up sleep. These people were 20% less likely to have heart problems. However, while this study found that catching up on sleep may be good for us, experts say that we should be trying to get at least seven hours of sleep every night of the week. As James Leiper from the British Heart Foundation said, weekend catch-up sleep can’t work the same as a regular good night’s rest. 1．Who may sleep longer on weekends according to the text? A．People who have busy weekdays. B．People who have heart problems. C．People who sleep 16 hours every day. 2．How did the research team group the volunteers? A．By their age and weight. B．By their health problems. C．By their weekend catch-up sleep. 3．What did James Leiper think of weekend catch-up sleep? A．It is as good as regular sleep. B．It cannot take the place of regular sleep. C．It is the best way to keep healthy. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sleep Less on Weekends B．How to Keep a Healthy Heart C．Catch-up Sleep Helps Your Heart 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一项关于“补觉”的研究，说明了周末多睡一会儿对心脏健康的益处，同时也转述了专家关于补觉不能替代常规每日睡眠的提醒。 1．第一段指出：“If you have busy weekdays…you may enjoy sleeping in your bed for a bit longer on the weekend.”，这直接说明工作日忙碌的人倾向于在周末多休息。 2．第二段说明了分组方式：“…putting volunteers into four groups based on how much sleep they caught up on during their weekends.”，这表明研究团队是按补觉时长划分志愿者的。 3．最后一段引用了James Leiper的观点：“…weekend catch-up sleep can't work the same as a regular good night’s rest.”，这证明补觉无法达到与规律夜间睡眠相同的效果，即无法取代常规睡眠。 4．全文围绕周末补觉能降低心脏病风险展开，如第一段提到“…that could be reducing your risk of heart problems.”。选项C“补觉有益心脏健康”最适合作文章的标题。 Passage 14 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Mount Tai, in the eastern Chinese province of Shandong, is 1,545 meters high and has more than 7,000 steps. It is known for making legs very tired for anyone who tries to climb to the top. Online videos show even the fittest climbers shaking, falling down, or climbing downhill on all fours. Local officers have come up with an unusual idea: robot legs. On January 29, 2025, the first day of Chinese New Year, ten robot legs were first used at Mount Tai. Over 200 people tried them during a week-long test, paying about 60 yuan to 80 yuan each time. These robot legs are made to fit around people’s waists (腰) and legs and weigh only 1.8 kilograms. Each robot leg runs on two batteries (电池), lasting for about five hours. The legs use smart technology to sense how people are moving and help to make climbing easier. Jacky, a tourist, tested the robot legs for half an hour over hundreds of steps. He said the experience was easier, but he found it a bit difficult when he took them off. He also found it difficult to do things like using the bathroom while wearing the robot legs. “The legs need to be used with a human helper,” Jacky said. Wang from the Taishan Cultural Tourism Group said the robot legs are still being tested. He thinks the robot legs are a “good product” and a “big help” for old people, children, and those who have trouble moving. 1．Why does the writer mention the fittest climbers? A．To encourage more people to climb Mount Tai. B．To show how difficult climbing Mount Tai is. C．To educate people to protect Mount Tai. 2．What can we know about the robot legs? A．They are available for 200 people a day. B．They are sold at 60 to 80 yuan each one. C．They are not heavy for climbers to wear. 3．What does Jacky’s experience tell us? A．The legs are hard to put on or take off. B．The legs should be used by more climbers. C．The legs are completely useless when climbing. 4．What’s Wang’s attitude (态度) towards the robot legs? A．Supportive. B．Uncertain. C．Fearful. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了泰山景区引入“机器腿”来辅助游客登山的情况，并详细说明了其特点、游客体验以及相关人员的看法。 1．第一段指出攀爬泰山会让人腿部非常疲劳，紧接着提到“Online videos show even the fittest climbers shaking, falling down…”。文章通过描写连最健壮的登山者都会发抖甚至摔倒，以此来凸显攀爬泰山是非常困难的。 2．第二段明确提到了机器腿的重量：“ These robot legs are made to fit around people’s waists (腰) and legs and weigh only 1.8 kilograms.”。1.8公斤说明机器腿对登山者而言穿戴起来并不沉重。 3．第三段描述了游客Jacky的使用体验，其中明确指出“He said the experience was easier, but he found it a bit difficult when he took them off.”。这表明他在脱下机器腿时觉得有些困难。 4．第四段直接指出了Wang的看法：“He thinks the robot legs are a ‘good product’ and a ‘big help’ for old people…”。“good product”和“big help”充分表明了他对机器腿持支持与肯定的态度，Supportive“支持的”符合语境。 Passage 15 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）Fubao, a lovely cat with serious back problems, was once told she would never walk again. But Guo Mengxuan, an animal doctor in Chengdu, decided to try a special treatment—acupuncture (针灸) to help her. Guo gave Fubao acupuncture three times a week. After three months, something amazing happened: Fubao could stand up, walk and even control her body better. The magic of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) (中兽医学) really worked. Guo wasn’t trained in TCVM at first. “I didn’t even know there was such a thing,” she said. But now, she treats many animals using both modern and traditional ways. As many as 60 to 70 pets visit her hospital every day. And around 1/10 of them get TCVM care, such as acupuncture, herbs and massage (草药和按摩). On her busiest day, she gave 17 pets acupuncture. These days, more animal doctors are turning to TCVM, especially for problems like paralysis (瘫痪). Some kinds of dogs, such as French bulldogs, are born with back problems and have a higher risk of becoming paralyzed. Western medicine may offer little hope now, but TCVM can improve their blood movement to help them walk again. TCVM also helps older pets live more comfortably. Some pets live into their twenties. When they get a serious illness, acupuncture and herbs can help them live better and longer. 1．The writer uses the story of Fubao mainly to ________ . A．show how cute the cat is B．tell how helpful TCVM is C．explain why cats often have back problems 2．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 show? A．TCVM is getting accepted by pet owners. B．TCVM is too expensive for most pet owners. C．Modern veterinary medicine is much safer than TCVM. 3．How does the writer feel about TCVM? A．He is supportive of it. B．He is worried about it. C．He doesn’t care about it. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Old Pets Need Special Care B．TCVM Helps Pets Live Better C．Western Medicine Fails to Save Sick Pets 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中兽医学（TCVM）在宠物治疗中的应用和效果。通过一只名叫Fubao的猫的案例，展示了针灸等中兽医学方法如何帮助宠物恢复健康，并介绍了中兽医学在宠物医疗中的普及情况及其优势。 1．第一段和第二段描述了Fubao的案例，通过“The magic of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) really worked”等表述，强调了中兽医学的神奇效果，因此作者使用Fubao的故事主要是为了展示中兽医学的帮助之大。 2．第三段通过“As many as 60 to 70 pets visit her hospital every day. And around 1/10 of them get TCVM care”等数字，展示了中兽医学在宠物医疗中的普及程度，说明越来越多的宠物主人开始接受并选择中兽医学治疗，因此这些数字表明中兽医学正逐渐被宠物主人接受。 3．文章中多次提到中兽医学的积极效果，如“The magic of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) really worked”和“TCVM can improve their blood movement to help them walk again”等，表明作者对中兽医学持支持态度。 4．文章主要介绍了中兽医学在宠物治疗中的应用和效果，强调了其对宠物健康的积极影响，因此最合适的标题是“TCVM Helps Pets Live Better”（中兽医学帮助宠物生活得更好）。 Passage 1 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）This café, No.30 Coffee Lounge, in the heart of Brandon, Suffolk, the UK, has become famous suddenly because of new technology. It has introduced a new AI robot waiter (服务员) named Alphonso. And Alphonso has won the interest and hearts of many customers. Alphonso is created for cafés and restaurants. With a shiny metal body and good navigation systems (导航系统), it moves smoothly around the small space of No. 30 Coffee Lounge. It uses AI to avoid running into things and keep customers safe. Alphonso shows how robots can be great helpers for human waiters, without making the human connection less important. Alphonso brings something fun and new to the café experience. It does simple jobs, like carrying plates and cleaning tables. This gives human waiters more time to talk to customers and do some important tasks. It not only makes human waiters’ work easier, but also turns everyday tasks into fun experiences for visitors, increasing customer satisfaction. Sometimes, technology makes different age groups feel far from each other. But Alphonso does the opposite—it connects them. From children to old people, everyone likes watching this wonderful robot work. This shows technology can create shared fun that all ages can enjoy. Now the value of robots is getting more attention—they improve customer service and make work more efficient (高效的). For example, they can take orders quickly and serve food right away, so restaurants don’t keep customers waiting long. The change is clear in the UK: more restaurants there are using robots like Alphonso. Globally, the need for service robots is growing, too. And with better AI and robotics, the worldwide market for them may hit £30 billion by 2030. 1．What makes No. 30 Coffee Lounge suddenly famous? A．Its new unusual waiter. B．Its location. C．Its new kind of coffee. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Alphonso? A．What it looks like. B．How it works. C．How AI makes it safe to work. 3．What is one advantage of Alphonso? A．It can complete difficult tasks on its own. B．It lets people of all ages enjoy something together. C．It gets more children and old people to come to the cafe. 4．What does the writer say about service robots in the future? A．They may face some problems. B．They will be mainly used in big cities. C．They are expected to grow fast in the next few years. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国一家咖啡馆引入AI机器人服务员Alphonso后带来的积极影响。 1．第一段明确指出：“... because of new technology. It has introduced a new AI robot waiter named Alphonso”，说明咖啡馆突然出名是因为新的不寻常的服务员。 2．第二段提到：“With a shiny metal body and good navigation systems (导航系统), it moves smoothly around the small space of No. 30 Coffee Lounge. It uses AI to avoid running into things and keep customers safe”，主要描述了Alphonso的导航系统、移动方式以及AI技术如何避免碰撞、保障顾客安全，因此主要讲的是它的工作方式。 3．第四段指出“Alphonso does the opposite—it connects them. From children to old people, everyone likes watching this wonderful robot work”，说明Alphonso让不同年龄段的人共同享受乐趣。 4．最后一段指出“the need for service robots is growing”和“the worldwide market for them may hit £30 billion by 2030”，说明服务机器人预计在未来几年将快速增长。 Passage 2 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）Have you ever ordered take-out food when you’re busy? What about a “take-out PE class”? This new service has become a hot trend (趋势) among students during summer vacation, letting students exercise right in their neighborhoods without traveling far. Here’s how it works: parents simply order a class on an app (手机软件), and a PE teacher arrives with all the sports equipment (器材) needed. Classes include basic fitness training and games like basketball or tennis. One-on-one lessons usually cost between 200 and 400 yuan per time. “It’s so convenient,” said Mrs. Wang, whose child is in the third grade. Before, she spent nearly an hour taking her son to the gym. “Now, instead of having classes at the indoor gym or a training center, the teacher comes to the open area downstairs (在楼下) in our neighborhood, and I can even watch him practice from my balcony (阳台)!” she smiled. These outdoor classes aren’t just convenient—they really help kids improve. Mrs. Wang’s son used to trip often while jumping rope, but after three weeks of “take-out PE classes”, he went from 120 to 160 jumps per minute. Since each training plan is made just for one child, it’s more helpful than big group classes. But there are some problems too. Most classes are held in public spaces like parks or community squares, where the ground can be too hard for safer running. Also, with people walking by and cars passing nearby, safety is a worry. What’s more, many parents who choose these classes are preparing their children for high school entrance exams. This “exam-first” thinking may change the real purpose of sports—which is not just to pass tests, but to enjoy exercise and keep healthy. 1．Where do teachers usually give take-out PE classes? A．At the indoor gym. B．At a training center. C．In the students’ neighborhood. 2．What is Mrs. Wang’s attitude (态度) to the take-out PE class? A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. 3．Which is a possible problem of take-out PE classes mentioned in the passage? A．Running on the hard ground. B．Spending much time training. C．Carrying all sports equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how to order take-out food. B．To remind students to prepare for exams. C．To introduce a new kind of popular PE class. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了“外卖体育课”这一新兴服务模式，分析了其便利性、对学生的帮助以及面临的场地和安全问题。 1．第一段提到“letting students exercise right in their neighborhoods without traveling far”，第二段提到“the teacher comes to the open area downstairs in our neighborhood”，说明外卖体育课通常在学生所在社区进行。 2．第二段Mrs. Wang提到“It’s so convenient”并描述上课的便利性，说明她对这种课程持支持态度。 3．第四段提到“Most classes are held in public spaces like parks or community squares, where the ground can be too hard for safer running”，说明在硬地上跑步是一个潜在问题。 4．全文围绕“外卖体育课”这一新兴服务展开，介绍了其运作方式、优势、存在问题等，因此主要目的是介绍这种新型体育课。 Passage 3 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）. Human actions are affecting the environment. We will lose more of the natural world if we don’t try to change things. Though it is difficult, we can make a difference. Each small change is important, and luckily more individuals (个人) and organizations are working on conservation (保护) projects. Samson, an African fisherman, has become a voice for the ocean. He and the other fishermen realized they were catching fewer and fewer fish. They were overfishing. Working with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Samson learned they had to fish more carefully. He realized they shouldn’t catch so many young fish because if there are too few of them, there won’t be enough adult fish to reproduce. He believes protecting the ocean is everybody’s job. As he says, “Take your responsibilities and never think that you are alone.” In Florida, the Sea Turtle Conservancy (STC) noticed there were always plenty of single-use plastic items, like bottles and drinking straws, on the beaches. These items can hurt the ocean wildlife terribly. Straws (吸管) are especially dangerous for turtles because they can get stuck in turtles’ noses and hurt them badly. So, the STC started the project “Where are the straws?” asking local restaurants to stop giving customers straws with their drinks. Now, restaurants will only give straws if customers ask for them, and they only give out paper straws. Those are just two examples of the many conservation efforts around the world today. They show us that change is possible and that it can start with small actions. We are part of the problem. It’s time to be part of the solution. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Oceans. B．Fishermen. C．Young fish. 2．What would happen through the Sea Turtle Conservancy’s efforts? A．More and more tourists would relax on the beaches. B．There would be fewer plastic straws on the beaches. C．Customers would buy more drinks from restaurants. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Playing a role in stopping plastic straws. B．Becoming a voice for saving young fish. C．Making a difference to the environment. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文通过非洲渔民Samson的渔业保护行动和佛罗里达STC的塑料吸管限制项目，说明人类可以通过小行动改善环境问题。 1．根据“He realized they shouldn’t catch so many young fish because if there are too few of them, there won’t be enough adult fish to reproduce.”可知，下划线的“them”指代前文提到的“young fish”。 2．根据“the STC started the project ‘Where are the straws?’ asking local restaurants to stop giving customers straws with their drinks…they only give out paper straws”可知，STC的努力会减少海滩上的塑料吸管数量。 3．文章第一段提出“人类行为影响环境，每个人的小改变都重要”；第二段讲述渔民Samson与WWF合作保护海洋的案例；第三段介绍STC通过减少塑料吸管保护海龟的案例；第四段总结这些努力证明改变可行，呼吁人们参与解决问题。结构为“总—分—总”。 4．全文通过渔民和STC的案例，强调个人和小行动对自然保护的积极影响，最贴合标题的是选项C“为自然世界带来改变”。 Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）If you want to praise frogs (青蛙) , here’s one new fact: they may be able to tell when an earthquake is coming. A scientific study found that frogs leave a place right before a quake hits. The study followed a group of frogs in Italy. It seems that a few years ago, they suddenly left their home five days before an earthquake hit. No one knows for sure how frogs sense the danger, but 96 percent of the frogs ran away. They returned a day after the danger passed. Dr. Rachel Grant couldn’t believe her eyes when she found this. She wasn’t studying earthquakes—she was studying how the moon influences frogs. Now she believes frogs may pick up on small signs and use them as an early warning for earthquakes. Frogs are not the only animal with this unusual power. In 2004, elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami (海啸) hit. At the same time, bats in Sri Lanka flew around nervously before the disaster (灾难). Most of the time, people don’t notice these warnings. But sometimes they do. In 1975,  scientists in Haicheng, China saw dogs and cats acting strangely. They asked everyone to get out of the city because they thought something big was coming. Five and a half hours later, an earthquake hit. Around 2,000 people died. Without the animals' warning, 150,000 more could have been killed. "Some sounds are simply inaudible to humans. But many animals can hear them. Fish and sharks use electroreception (电感知能力) to ‘see’ around them, while dolphins (海豚) and bats use sonar (声纳) to find their way around," says Professor Daniel Mills, an expert in animal behavior at Lincoln University. 1．How did Dr. Rachel Grant feel when she found the frogs’ unusual behavior? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Disappointed. 2．Why does the writer talk about elephants and bats? A．To tell people they can make loud noises. B．To show other animals also sense danger. C．To suggest they are more powerful than frogs. 3．What does the underlined word “inaudible” mean in Paragraph 6? A．听不见的 B．看不到的 C．尝不出的 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Frogs are interesting animals. B．Earthquakes are very dangerous. C．Animals may help predict disasters. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了动物（以青蛙为例）能感知灾难来临的现象，列举了大象、蝙蝠等动物的类似能力，并解释其背后可能的生理机制。 1．根据“Dr. Rachel Grant couldn’t believe her eyes when she found this”可知，她看到青蛙的异常行为时是惊讶的。 2．根据“Frogs are not the only animal with this unusual power”可知，提到大象和蝙蝠是为了说明其他动物也能感知危险。 3．根据“Some sounds are simply inaudible to humans. But many animals can hear them”可知，“inaudible”意为“听不见的”。 4．全文围绕“动物可能帮助预测灾难”展开，介绍了多种动物感知危险的能力。 Passage 5 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）. Iceland is a country in Northern Europe. For a long time, it was famous as one of the few countries in the world with no mosquitoes (蚊子). However, a recent discovery has changed this fact. The story began on a Thursday in October 2025. Björn, a man who loves studying insects, found a strange insect. He quickly caught it because he thought it might be a mosquito, which was very unusual in Iceland. Astonished by his special find, he continued searching and later discovered two more of the same insects nearby. He carefully collected all of them and sent his findings to a study center. At the study center, an entomologist (昆虫学家) named Matthias studied the insects. He made sure they were mosquitoes, a special type that can live in very cold winters. This finding was very meaningful. It was the first official record of mosquitoes living outdoors in Iceland. He explained that this type of mosquito is special because it can survive in the cold Icelandic winter. Before this, mosquitoes were only sometimes found on planes arriving in the country, but they never managed to stay alive outside. The main reason for this change, scientists say, is climate (气候) change. As our planet becomes warmer, insects can move to and live in new areas. Iceland is warming at a speed of four times faster than the average in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球). This rapid warming makes the environment more suitable for mosquitoes. This discovery ends Iceland’s long history of being a mosquito-free country. It clearly shows that even a small rise in temperature can bring great changes—it allows animals to live in places where they could not survive before. 1．What do we know about Iceland? A．It is in Southern Europe. B．It had no mosquitoes for a long time. C．It is famous for a special kind of mosquito. 2．What does the underlined word “astonished” in paragraph 2 mean? A．悲伤的 B．疲倦的 C．惊讶的 3．Why is Iceland a more suitable place for mosquitoes now? A．Because of people’s help. B．Because of the warmer climate. C．Because of more plane arrivals. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Many hands make light work. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．A small change makes a big difference. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文说明冰岛曾无蚊子，2025年发现户外存活的特殊蚊子，成因是气候变暖，体现了温度微升的巨大影响。 1．第一段指出关键信息：“For a long time, it was famous as one of the few countries in the world with no mosquitoes”，这直接说明冰岛长期以来没有蚊子。 2．第二段描述语境：“he thought it might be a mosquito, which was very unusual in Iceland”，结合“astonished by his special find”可知，在冰岛发现罕见的蚊子这一特殊发现，能推断出“astonished”意为“惊讶的”。 3．第四段明确原因：“The main reason for this change, scientists say, is climate change. As our planet becomes warmer... This rapid warming makes the environment more suitable for mosquitoes”，说明现在冰岛更适合蚊子生存是因为气候变暖。 4．最后一段总结观点：“It clearly shows that even a small rise in temperature can bring great changes”，这与“小变化带来大不同”的理念一致，因此作者最可能认同“A small change makes a big difference”。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解20篇（说明文） Passage 1 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 2 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 3 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.B Passage 4 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 5 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C Passage 6 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B Passage 7 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A Passage 8 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A Passage 9 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.B Passage 10 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.B Passage 11 1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A Passage 12 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C Passage 13 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C Passage 14 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.A Passage 15 1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B Passage 16 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 17 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 18 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C Passage 19 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C Passage 20 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 阅读理解20篇（说明文） Passage 1 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）Are you curious about the future? What do you think our life will be like in 50 years or more? To answer this, you can read a sci-fi book. Perhaps you will have some ideas then. Today, many young readers are interested in science fiction. But what makes it so popular? For one thing, science fiction gives us a chance to imagine what our future will be like. Anything is possible. We can dream big. Some people think there will be flying cars and robot servants. Others believe we will learn more about strange aliens (外星人) and other worlds. Another reason is that sci-fi writers and their work can inspire us to create the future. In 1945, a sci-fi author named Arthur C． Clarke wrote about a system of space stations. In the article, he predicted (预测) the earth of the future would have many TV stations and people would send TV programmes around the world. However, this was before TV was a common item at home! In a short story by Clarke, he suggested people in the future would use a system to talk to others around the world. Amazingly, the short story was actually the inspiration for the internet! Science fiction is also popular because it can make us think about our world in novel ways. These ways may be greatly different from those we already have. Although many sci-fi stories are set in imaginary worlds or societies, they can help us better understand the real world. They can also make us excited when we feel like we are living in a boring world. What will the future be like? Sci-fi inspires us and helps us to understand what it could be like. 1．How does the writer start the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By asking questions. C．By making comparisons. 2．What did Arthur C． Clarke write about in 1945 according to paragraph 3? A．Flying cars and robots. B．A system of space stations. C．TV stations and programmes. 3．What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 4 mean? A．New. B．Secret. C．Traditional. 4．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce a world-famous sci-fi writer. B．To predict what our life will be like in 50 years. C．To explain why science fiction is popular among readers. Passage 2 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）About 2,500 years ago, there was a big battle near the town of Marathon in Greece. Greece won the battle and the Greek soldier Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens to tell their victory. This was about forty kilometers long. When he arrived in Athens, he shouted, “We have won” and then died! When the first modern Olympic Games started in Greece in 1896, they celebrated the legend (传奇故事) of Pheidippides with a race from Marathon Bridge to the Olympic Stadium in Athens. They called this race a marathon (马拉松). Seventeen competitors took part, but only eight finished the race. In 1908, the Olympic Games were in London. The marathon was 42.195 kilometers long, and a few years later, this became the official length (官方长度). There were thousands of marathons in different countries every year. People run marathons because they like taking part in competitions, or simply because they love running. Once in Greenland, there was a marathon on ice. And an English man once walked a marathon underwater in Loch Ness, Scotland. It took him twelve days! According to the notice from the Weihai government, a marathon was planned to be held on November 9th, 2025, but the event was later cancelled. The event included a full marathon, a half marathon and a fun run. The government planned to interest 20,000 runners in taking part in it. 1．Why did Pheidippides run from Marathon to Athens? A．To practise running. B．To finish a competition. C．To tell the victory of a battle. 2．What can we know about the first modern Olympic Games from paragraph 2? A．Only eight competitors took part in the marathon. B．People held a marathon to remember Pheidippides. C．42.195 kilometers became the official length of marathon. 3．Which city planned to hold a marathon in November 2025 according to the text? A．Greece. B．London. C．Weihai. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The First Modern Olympic Games​ B．The History and Development of Marathon​ C．Interesting Marathon Events Around the World Passage 3 （2026·湖南湘西·一模）Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) is one of the oldest traditional arts in China. It is also part of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage. In shadow puppetry, people use special leather puppets and light to tell stories. Behind a white screen, performers hold the puppets and move them carefully. At the same time, they sing and tell old stories from history or folk tales. Long ago, shadow puppetry was very popular. It was a great way for common people to enjoy stories and art. Today, fewer young people know about it. To save this traditional art, some artists go to schools to teach students. Many students show great interest in it. They think it is fun and meaningful. Now more people begin to know the importance of shadow puppetry. We should try our best to keep it and pass it on. 1．What is Chinese shadow puppetry according to the passage? A．A kind of traditional food. B．An old traditional art in China. C．A new kind of sport. 2．Why do some artists go to schools? A．To teach students shadow puppetry. B．To tell students strict school rules. C．To watch students’ interesting shows. 3．What do many students think of shadow puppetry? A．It is boring and difficult. B．It is expensive but popular. C．It is fun and meaningful. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Shadow puppetry is popular all over the world. B．We should protect and pass on shadow puppetry. C．Young people know a lot about shadow puppetry. Passage 4 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）A study carried out on chimpanzees (黑猩猩) has revealed they can change their minds when presented with new information. This provides evidence of “rationality” (the ability to form and change beliefs based on evidence). Traditionally, it was thought that humans were the only species (物种) that could do this. For the study (conducted in Uganda, Africa), researchers designed a two-step task to test the chimps: First trial (实验): Mislead with weak evidence They put two closed boxes in front of the chimps: one had a piece of wood, the other had an apple (the chimps couldn’t see inside). To mislead the chimps, the researchers shook the box with wood — making a sound to suggest it contained food. They then let the chimps pick a box. Most chimps chose the shaken (wood-containing) box at this stage. Second trial: Provide new, strong evidence Right after the first choice, the researchers opened the other box to show the chimps the apple inside (this was the new evidence), then closed the box again. They then asked the chimps to pick a box once more. During the experiment, the chimps tended to (倾向于) switch their choice to the apple-containing box after seeing the new, stronger evidence. This showed they could update their decision based on the latest information. Emily Sanford, one of the researchers, said this ability is something seen in four-year-old children. “It was exciting to show that chimps can do this too,” she said. For the next part of the study, researchers will give young children the same tasks so they can compare the results. 1．What did the study on chimpanzees reveal? A．Chimps like eating apples more than other food. B．Chimps can change their minds with new information. C．Humans are the only rational species. 2．Why did the researchers shake the box with wood? A．To test if the chimps could hear the sound. B．To make the chimps think the box had food. C．To break the wood into small pieces. 3．What does the underlined word “rationality” mean in the passage? A．直觉 B．理性 C．冲动 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Researchers have completed the comparison experiment between chimps and children. B．Four-year-old children’s rational thinking ability is far superior to that of chimps. C．Future research will focus on comparing the abilities of chimps and children. Passage 5 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Hunan Cuisine (菜肴), also known as Xiang Cuisine, is one of the eight great traditions of Chinese cuisines. More than just food, it carries the history of Hunan province and its rich culture. With a long history, Hunan Cuisine began to take shape during the Han Dynasty and became more popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The warm and wet weather in Hunan led local people to develop special ways to keep food good for longer, such as smoking meat. Also, the special weather has influenced people’s eating habits for centuries. Hunan cooks use plenty of chili peppers and spices (香料), which is why the cuisine is famous for its hot and heavy tastes. A perfect example is Spicy Crayfish (小龙虾), a favorite across China. But Hunan dishes are more than just hot-they skillfully balance five tastes: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty. Interestingly, the cuisine also shapes the character of Hunan people. Like their food, they are known for their bravery and energy in the face of difficulties. Many other Hunan dishes are worth mentioning. Stinky Tofu, for example, has a strong smell but a delicious taste, which is often served fried with a hot sauce. Steamed Fish Head full of red and green chili peppers makes people’s mouths water with just one look. Jinshi Beef Noodles are famous for their rich soup and beef, making them a local favorite. The list goes on and on… Today, Hunan Cuisine is enjoyed around the world. While keeping traditional methods alive, cooks are also exploring new ways of cooking. Special TV programs have further helped to protect and share this wonderful cuisine. 1．When did Hunan Cuisine begin to take shape? A．During the Han Dynasty. B．In the Tang and Ming dynasties. C．In the Ming and Qing dynasties. 2．Why is warm and wet weather in Hunan mentioned in Para. 2? A．To describe the character of Hunan people. B．To explain the reason for using chili peppers. C．To show different kinds of good food in Hunan. 3．What are Jinshi Beef Noodles famous for? A．Strong smell. B．Hot sauce. C．Rich soup and beef. 4．How is Hunan Cuisine developing today? A．It is less popular than before. B．It is changing with the local climate. C．It keeps traditions while trying new ways. Passage 6 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）Have you ever wondered how AI “sees” the world? Unlike humans, AI has no eyes, ears, or nose to learn about the world. Instead, it uses a special way to “know” things—through the data (数据) we provide. If we feed it photos, it learns from the colors and shapes. If we give it sound, it studies the sound waves. AI has no feelings. It does not feel hunger, cold, or fear. It never lies awake at night, worrying about a test. Since it has no body, it has no real-life experiences. However, AI can still help us understand the world. It can look at millions of pictures in one minute and find the cat among them. It can read a long story very quickly and tell us the main idea. It can even predict tomorrow’s weather by processing today’s data. All of these abilities rest on one simple truth: AI is only as good as what we feed it. We have to remember the rule-Garbage in, garbage out. If we provide AI with wrong or messy data, the answers will be wrong or messy. If we give it exact data, the answers can be clear. The better the data, the clearer its “vision (视觉)”. So, AI’s “eye” is the data we share. We are the ones who open or close that “eye”. Use it carefully, and AI becomes a bright flashlight in a dark room. Use it carelessly, and it is only a broken mirror. The choice is always ours-set clear goals, check the facts, and decide what “good” should look like. 1．What does the first paragraph tell us? A．Why AI is smart. B．What data AI needs. C．How AI learns about the world. 2．How does the writer introduce the ways that AI helps us? A．By explaining reasons. B．By providing examples. C．By answering questions. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To compare AI to humans. B．To tell the importance of AI. C．To encourage the careful use of AI. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The future of AI B．AI: seeing through data C．The everyday use of AI Passage 7 （2026·湖南邵阳·一模）When teenagers face sudden accidents, knowing what to do is very important. Here are two useful tips from the safety class. Tip 1:Stay Calm (冷静) If you see someone fall down the stairs, don’t shout or cry. First, take a deep breath. Then, ask an adult nearby for help quickly. If you are alone, call the emergency number (急救电话) 110 or 120. Tell them where you are and what happened clearly. Tip 2: Protect Yourself If there is a fire in your building, do not take the lift (电梯). It is dangerous. You should cover your mouth with a wet towel (毛巾) and bend down low to get out. Also, feel the door first. If it is hot, don’t open it, and find another way. In our daily life, we should also learn some basic first aid (急救). For example, when your friend has a nosebleed (流鼻血), ask him to lean forward (向前倾) and press the nose. Don’t let him put his head back, because it’s an old wrong way. “Learning these skills can keep us safe and even save lives,” says Mr. Chen, a police officer. 1．What should you do first if you see someone fall down the stairs? A．Shout for help. B．Stay calm and take a deep breath. C．Call 120 at once. 2．Why shouldn’t we take the lift when there is a fire? A．Because it is too slow. B．Because it is very dangerous. C．Because there are too many people. 3．If your friend has a nosebleed, what is the RIGHT way to help? A．Let him put his head back. B．Ask him to lean forward and press the nose. C．Let him lie down on the bed. 4．What is the main purpose (主要目的) of this passage? A．To teach teenagers how to deal with accidents. B．To tell us to stay away from danger. C．To show the work of a police officer. Passage 8 （2026·湖南郴州·一模）We often think humans are special because we can show many emotions (情绪). But bumblebees (大黄蜂) can do this too. They can feel happiness and even spread it to other bees. In a study published in Science, a team of researchers discovered that good moods can spread, even among insects with brains smaller than a sesame seed (芝麻籽). They gave one bee a surprise treat of sugar water. This made the bee feel happy and change how it acted. It became braver and more willing to land on different types of flowers. It also did this more quickly than before. Other bees nearby also began acting more cheerfully and bravely, even though they didn’t get any sugar water. To make sure that the bees weren’t just copying each other, researchers used barriers (障碍物) to control how bees communicated. This way, only certain senses were allowed to come into play—like touch and sight—or none at all. They found that bees could spread happiness just by seeing each other. They didn’t need to touch or smell to catch the good feelings. This ability is called emotional connection. It means feelings can spread among bees. One bee can understand and feel what another bee is feeling. Scientists used to think only animals with bigger brains could do this. Before this study, we didn’t know insects like bees could do this. This discovery is important. It suggests that sharing emotions is not just for big-brained animals but a key part of social life itself. So, when you see a bee buzzing in the garden, it might be spreading more than just pollen (花粉)—it could be spreading joy! 1．What can we know about the bee after getting sugar water? A．It became slower. B．It became quieter. C．It became braver. 2．How do bees spread happiness according to the study? A．By seeing each other. B．By smelling each other. C．By touching each other. 3．What is the main purpose of the last paragraph? A．To introduce a new research topic. B．To show the main idea of the text. C．To encourage readers to protect bees. 4．Which part of a magazine may the passage be taken from? A．Science study. B．Travel stories. C．Healthy life. Passage 9 （2026·湖南岳阳·一模）From March 5 to 12, 2026, the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress (全国人民代表大会) was held in Beijing. At the meeting, Geng Zunzhu, a deputy (代表) to the National People's Congress, put forward some important suggestions. He is the Party secretary of Gengdian New Village in Liaocheng, Shandong Province. Geng Zunzhu said that we should offer more support to deal with straw (秸秆) in greenhouse agriculture. We should also speed up the treatment of farm animals’ wastes in villages. The wastes can pollute the environment if we do not deal with them well. By dealing with straw and waste properly, we can turn waste into useful things. This helps protect the environment and develop green agriculture. Green agriculture is good for the countryside and for our earth. It makes the air cleaner and the soil healthier. All of us should care about environmental protection. Protecting the environment is protecting our home. We should take action to build a greener and better world. 1．When was the Fourth Session of the 14th National People’s Congress held? A．From March 5 to 12, 2026. B．From March 1 to 5, 2026. C．From March 10 to 15, 2026. 2．What did Geng Zunzhu advise to do? A．Build more big cities. B．Plant only more trees . C．Deal with straw and livestock waste. 3．What does “pollute” mean? A．make clean B．make strong C．make dirty 4．What’s the passage about? A．Agriculture B．Environmental protection C．History Passage 10 （2026·湖南岳阳·一模）. War Between the US and Iran: Dangers and Hope for Peace Recently, military conflicts (军事冲突) between the United States and Iran have broken out in the Middle East. Many places are filled with smoke and fear. This war brings great harm to people, the country and the whole world. We must understand the dangers of war and strongly call for world peace. First, war kills innocent (无辜的) people and destroys homes. Many civilians (平民) including women and children, lose their lives in the fighting. Schools, hospitals and roads are destroyed. People cannot live safely, and thousands become homeless. No one should live in danger every day. Second, war breaks the economy and makes life difficult. Food and oil become more expensive. Many people lose their jobs. Governments spend much money on weapons (武器) instead of education and medical care. This makes the world develop more slowly. Third, war hurts children's future. Many children cannot go to school. They live with terrible memories of war and feel sad and afraid. These problems are hard to fix in a short time. War has no winners. Only peace can bring safety, hope and development. Countries should solve problems by talking, not fighting. As students, we should love peace, oppose (反对) war and work for a better world. 1．What is destroyed in the war between the US and Iran? A．Schools, hospitals and roads B．Libraries and bookstores C．Parks and supermarkets 2．Which of the following is NOT a danger of the US-Iran war mentioned in the passage? A．Innocent people lose their lives and homes. B．The economy is damaged and people’s lives become hard. C．The Middle East becomes the most dangerous region in the world. 3．What does the author want students to do? A．Learn more about the US-Iran war and its dangers. B．Love peace, oppose war and contribute to a harmonious world. C．Persuade the US and Iran to stop fighting immediately. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The military conflicts between the US and Iran are unavoidable. B．War brings great harm and peace is the only way to a better future. C．The US and Iran should spend more money on education and medical care. Passage 11 （2026·湖南娄底·一模）Just picture: you see a bear in your neighborhood! For people in Japan, this is becoming more common. By Nov 7, more than 100 bear attacks (袭击) had taken place since April, with 13 people killed, according to the Japanese government (政府). Why are more bears coming closer to people? One reason may be climate change. According to a study, climate change can disrupt when plants flower and when pollinators (传粉者), like bees, are active. If these changes don’t match up, plants and pollinators might not work together well anymore. This mismatch can influence the food bears eat. Because they can’t find enough food in the wild, they might come into towns. For example, bears in Japan eat acorns (橡子). However, this year, there aren’t many acorns because of warm weather and unusual rain, said the news website ExplorersWeb. It is also reported that with warmer winters, bears might start their winter sleep later, so they are more likely to meet people. A study shows that young people in Japan are heading to big cities for work, leaving mostly older people in villages. This means more empty farmland and fewer people around, so bears can go into towns more easily. People are worried about bear attacks. In Japan, only hunters with licenses (许可证) can shoot bears. But the number of them is now low because many are getting old, and there aren’t enough new people coming in. 1．What do we know about bears in Japan? A．They are getting hurt more and more easily. B．They are becoming more dangerous to people. C．Many people keep them in their neighborhoods. 2．How might climate change cause problems for bears? A．Bees are hurting them in the wild. B．They are sleeping longer in the winter. C．It’s getting harder for them to find food. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Anyone in Japan can get a license to shoot bears. B．Older people know better how to deal with bear attacks. C．The problem of bear attacks might be hard to solve quickly. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The Unbearable Bears. B．The Friendly Bears. C．The Careful Bears. Passage 12 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred. Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly? On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans. To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland. However, from 2012 to 2016, illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephants were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed,” said a member of MEP. Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching (偷猎) has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world. 1．Why was MEP started? A．To raise more elephants in Mali. B．To stop the main lake from drying up. C．To protect the elephants’ living environment. 2．What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese? A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．The number of organizations has dropped. B．There is much less elephant poaching now. C．The whole world live peacefully with elephants. 4．Which can be the best title? A．Rules of using land and water. B．Education of the local people. C．Saving Gourma Desert elephants. Passage 13 （2026·湖南怀化·一模）Do you get more sleep on the weekend to catch up on sleep you’ve lost during the week? If you have busy weekdays—perhaps with late nights and early alarms—you may enjoy sleeping in your bed for a bit longer on the weekend. According to a new study by researchers in China, that could be reducing your risk of heart problems. The research team wanted to find out whether this “catch-up sleep” made a difference to heart health. They looked at sleep data from almost 91,000 people in the UK, putting volunteers into four groups based on how much sleep they caught up on during their weekends. People’s sleep was recorded using special watches, and their health was tracked for about 14 years. The study found that people who got the most catch-up sleep were 19% less likely to have heart problems compared to those who got the least catch-up sleep. Some even got as many as 16 hours of catch-up sleep on the weekend. The researchers also found that people who got fewer than seven hours of sleep per night were most likely to get help from weekend catch-up sleep. These people were 20% less likely to have heart problems. However, while this study found that catching up on sleep may be good for us, experts say that we should be trying to get at least seven hours of sleep every night of the week. As James Leiper from the British Heart Foundation said, weekend catch-up sleep can’t work the same as a regular good night’s rest. 1．Who may sleep longer on weekends according to the text? A．People who have busy weekdays. B．People who have heart problems. C．People who sleep 16 hours every day. 2．How did the research team group the volunteers? A．By their age and weight. B．By their health problems. C．By their weekend catch-up sleep. 3．What did James Leiper think of weekend catch-up sleep? A．It is as good as regular sleep. B．It cannot take the place of regular sleep. C．It is the best way to keep healthy. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Sleep Less on Weekends B．How to Keep a Healthy Heart C．Catch-up Sleep Helps Your Heart Passage 14 （2026·湖南湘潭·一模）Mount Tai, in the eastern Chinese province of Shandong, is 1,545 meters high and has more than 7,000 steps. It is known for making legs very tired for anyone who tries to climb to the top. Online videos show even the fittest climbers shaking, falling down, or climbing downhill on all fours. Local officers have come up with an unusual idea: robot legs. On January 29, 2025, the first day of Chinese New Year, ten robot legs were first used at Mount Tai. Over 200 people tried them during a week-long test, paying about 60 yuan to 80 yuan each time. These robot legs are made to fit around people’s waists (腰) and legs and weigh only 1.8 kilograms. Each robot leg runs on two batteries (电池), lasting for about five hours. The legs use smart technology to sense how people are moving and help to make climbing easier. Jacky, a tourist, tested the robot legs for half an hour over hundreds of steps. He said the experience was easier, but he found it a bit difficult when he took them off. He also found it difficult to do things like using the bathroom while wearing the robot legs. “The legs need to be used with a human helper,” Jacky said. Wang from the Taishan Cultural Tourism Group said the robot legs are still being tested. He thinks the robot legs are a “good product” and a “big help” for old people, children, and those who have trouble moving. 1．Why does the writer mention the fittest climbers? A．To encourage more people to climb Mount Tai. B．To show how difficult climbing Mount Tai is. C．To educate people to protect Mount Tai. 2．What can we know about the robot legs? A．They are available for 200 people a day. B．They are sold at 60 to 80 yuan each one. C．They are not heavy for climbers to wear. 3．What does Jacky’s experience tell us? A．The legs are hard to put on or take off. B．The legs should be used by more climbers. C．The legs are completely useless when climbing. 4．What’s Wang’s attitude (态度) towards the robot legs? A．Supportive. B．Uncertain. C．Fearful. Passage 15 （2026·湖南株洲·一模）Fubao, a lovely cat with serious back problems, was once told she would never walk again. But Guo Mengxuan, an animal doctor in Chengdu, decided to try a special treatment—acupuncture (针灸) to help her. Guo gave Fubao acupuncture three times a week. After three months, something amazing happened: Fubao could stand up, walk and even control her body better. The magic of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) (中兽医学) really worked. Guo wasn’t trained in TCVM at first. “I didn’t even know there was such a thing,” she said. But now, she treats many animals using both modern and traditional ways. As many as 60 to 70 pets visit her hospital every day. And around 1/10 of them get TCVM care, such as acupuncture, herbs and massage (草药和按摩). On her busiest day, she gave 17 pets acupuncture. These days, more animal doctors are turning to TCVM, especially for problems like paralysis (瘫痪). Some kinds of dogs, such as French bulldogs, are born with back problems and have a higher risk of becoming paralyzed. Western medicine may offer little hope now, but TCVM can improve their blood movement to help them walk again. TCVM also helps older pets live more comfortably. Some pets live into their twenties. When they get a serious illness, acupuncture and herbs can help them live better and longer. 1．The writer uses the story of Fubao mainly to ________ . A．show how cute the cat is B．tell how helpful TCVM is C．explain why cats often have back problems 2．What do the numbers in Paragraph 3 show? A．TCVM is getting accepted by pet owners. B．TCVM is too expensive for most pet owners. C．Modern veterinary medicine is much safer than TCVM. 3．How does the writer feel about TCVM? A．He is supportive of it. B．He is worried about it. C．He doesn’t care about it. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Old Pets Need Special Care B．TCVM Helps Pets Live Better C．Western Medicine Fails to Save Sick Pets Passage 1 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）This café, No.30 Coffee Lounge, in the heart of Brandon, Suffolk, the UK, has become famous suddenly because of new technology. It has introduced a new AI robot waiter (服务员) named Alphonso. And Alphonso has won the interest and hearts of many customers. Alphonso is created for cafés and restaurants. With a shiny metal body and good navigation systems (导航系统), it moves smoothly around the small space of No. 30 Coffee Lounge. It uses AI to avoid running into things and keep customers safe. Alphonso shows how robots can be great helpers for human waiters, without making the human connection less important. Alphonso brings something fun and new to the café experience. It does simple jobs, like carrying plates and cleaning tables. This gives human waiters more time to talk to customers and do some important tasks. It not only makes human waiters’ work easier, but also turns everyday tasks into fun experiences for visitors, increasing customer satisfaction. Sometimes, technology makes different age groups feel far from each other. But Alphonso does the opposite—it connects them. From children to old people, everyone likes watching this wonderful robot work. This shows technology can create shared fun that all ages can enjoy. Now the value of robots is getting more attention—they improve customer service and make work more efficient (高效的). For example, they can take orders quickly and serve food right away, so restaurants don’t keep customers waiting long. The change is clear in the UK: more restaurants there are using robots like Alphonso. Globally, the need for service robots is growing, too. And with better AI and robotics, the worldwide market for them may hit £30 billion by 2030. 1．What makes No. 30 Coffee Lounge suddenly famous? A．Its new unusual waiter. B．Its location. C．Its new kind of coffee. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about Alphonso? A．What it looks like. B．How it works. C．How AI makes it safe to work. 3．What is one advantage of Alphonso? A．It can complete difficult tasks on its own. B．It lets people of all ages enjoy something together. C．It gets more children and old people to come to the cafe. 4．What does the writer say about service robots in the future? A．They may face some problems. B．They will be mainly used in big cities. C．They are expected to grow fast in the next few years. Passage 2 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）Have you ever ordered take-out food when you’re busy? What about a “take-out PE class”? This new service has become a hot trend (趋势) among students during summer vacation, letting students exercise right in their neighborhoods without traveling far. Here’s how it works: parents simply order a class on an app (手机软件), and a PE teacher arrives with all the sports equipment (器材) needed. Classes include basic fitness training and games like basketball or tennis. One-on-one lessons usually cost between 200 and 400 yuan per time. “It’s so convenient,” said Mrs. Wang, whose child is in the third grade. Before, she spent nearly an hour taking her son to the gym. “Now, instead of having classes at the indoor gym or a training center, the teacher comes to the open area downstairs (在楼下) in our neighborhood, and I can even watch him practice from my balcony (阳台)!” she smiled. These outdoor classes aren’t just convenient—they really help kids improve. Mrs. Wang’s son used to trip often while jumping rope, but after three weeks of “take-out PE classes”, he went from 120 to 160 jumps per minute. Since each training plan is made just for one child, it’s more helpful than big group classes. But there are some problems too. Most classes are held in public spaces like parks or community squares, where the ground can be too hard for safer running. Also, with people walking by and cars passing nearby, safety is a worry. What’s more, many parents who choose these classes are preparing their children for high school entrance exams. This “exam-first” thinking may change the real purpose of sports—which is not just to pass tests, but to enjoy exercise and keep healthy. 1．Where do teachers usually give take-out PE classes? A．At the indoor gym. B．At a training center. C．In the students’ neighborhood. 2．What is Mrs. Wang’s attitude (态度) to the take-out PE class? A．Worried. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. 3．Which is a possible problem of take-out PE classes mentioned in the passage? A．Running on the hard ground. B．Spending much time training. C．Carrying all sports equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show how to order take-out food. B．To remind students to prepare for exams. C．To introduce a new kind of popular PE class. Passage 3 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）. Human actions are affecting the environment. We will lose more of the natural world if we don’t try to change things. Though it is difficult, we can make a difference. Each small change is important, and luckily more individuals (个人) and organizations are working on conservation (保护) projects. Samson, an African fisherman, has become a voice for the ocean. He and the other fishermen realized they were catching fewer and fewer fish. They were overfishing. Working with the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Samson learned they had to fish more carefully. He realized they shouldn’t catch so many young fish because if there are too few of them, there won’t be enough adult fish to reproduce. He believes protecting the ocean is everybody’s job. As he says, “Take your responsibilities and never think that you are alone.” In Florida, the Sea Turtle Conservancy (STC) noticed there were always plenty of single-use plastic items, like bottles and drinking straws, on the beaches. These items can hurt the ocean wildlife terribly. Straws (吸管) are especially dangerous for turtles because they can get stuck in turtles’ noses and hurt them badly. So, the STC started the project “Where are the straws?” asking local restaurants to stop giving customers straws with their drinks. Now, restaurants will only give straws if customers ask for them, and they only give out paper straws. Those are just two examples of the many conservation efforts around the world today. They show us that change is possible and that it can start with small actions. We are part of the problem. It’s time to be part of the solution. 1．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Oceans. B．Fishermen. C．Young fish. 2．What would happen through the Sea Turtle Conservancy’s efforts? A．More and more tourists would relax on the beaches. B．There would be fewer plastic straws on the beaches. C．Customers would buy more drinks from restaurants. 3．What is the structure of the text? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． 4．Which can be the best title for the text? A．Playing a role in stopping plastic straws. B．Becoming a voice for saving young fish. C．Making a difference to the environment. Passage 4 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）If you want to praise frogs (青蛙) , here’s one new fact: they may be able to tell when an earthquake is coming. A scientific study found that frogs leave a place right before a quake hits. The study followed a group of frogs in Italy. It seems that a few years ago, they suddenly left their home five days before an earthquake hit. No one knows for sure how frogs sense the danger, but 96 percent of the frogs ran away. They returned a day after the danger passed. Dr. Rachel Grant couldn’t believe her eyes when she found this. She wasn’t studying earthquakes—she was studying how the moon influences frogs. Now she believes frogs may pick up on small signs and use them as an early warning for earthquakes. Frogs are not the only animal with this unusual power. In 2004, elephants in Thailand made loud noises before the tsunami (海啸) hit. At the same time, bats in Sri Lanka flew around nervously before the disaster (灾难). Most of the time, people don’t notice these warnings. But sometimes they do. In 1975,  scientists in Haicheng, China saw dogs and cats acting strangely. They asked everyone to get out of the city because they thought something big was coming. Five and a half hours later, an earthquake hit. Around 2,000 people died. Without the animals' warning, 150,000 more could have been killed. "Some sounds are simply inaudible to humans. But many animals can hear them. Fish and sharks use electroreception (电感知能力) to ‘see’ around them, while dolphins (海豚) and bats use sonar (声纳) to find their way around," says Professor Daniel Mills, an expert in animal behavior at Lincoln University. 1．How did Dr. Rachel Grant feel when she found the frogs’ unusual behavior? A．Worried. B．Surprised. C．Disappointed. 2．Why does the writer talk about elephants and bats? A．To tell people they can make loud noises. B．To show other animals also sense danger. C．To suggest they are more powerful than frogs. 3．What does the underlined word “inaudible” mean in Paragraph 6? A．听不见的 B．看不到的 C．尝不出的 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Frogs are interesting animals. B．Earthquakes are very dangerous. C．Animals may help predict disasters. Passage 5 （2026·湖南长沙·一模）. Iceland is a country in Northern Europe. For a long time, it was famous as one of the few countries in the world with no mosquitoes (蚊子). However, a recent discovery has changed this fact. The story began on a Thursday in October 2025. Björn, a man who loves studying insects, found a strange insect. He quickly caught it because he thought it might be a mosquito, which was very unusual in Iceland. Astonished by his special find, he continued searching and later discovered two more of the same insects nearby. He carefully collected all of them and sent his findings to a study center. At the study center, an entomologist (昆虫学家) named Matthias studied the insects. He made sure they were mosquitoes, a special type that can live in very cold winters. This finding was very meaningful. It was the first official record of mosquitoes living outdoors in Iceland. He explained that this type of mosquito is special because it can survive in the cold Icelandic winter. Before this, mosquitoes were only sometimes found on planes arriving in the country, but they never managed to stay alive outside. The main reason for this change, scientists say, is climate (气候) change. As our planet becomes warmer, insects can move to and live in new areas. Iceland is warming at a speed of four times faster than the average in the Northern Hemisphere (北半球). This rapid warming makes the environment more suitable for mosquitoes. This discovery ends Iceland’s long history of being a mosquito-free country. It clearly shows that even a small rise in temperature can bring great changes—it allows animals to live in places where they could not survive before. 1．What do we know about Iceland? A．It is in Southern Europe. B．It had no mosquitoes for a long time. C．It is famous for a special kind of mosquito. 2．What does the underlined word “astonished” in paragraph 2 mean? A．悲伤的 B．疲倦的 C．惊讶的 3．Why is Iceland a more suitable place for mosquitoes now? A．Because of people’s help. B．Because of the warmer climate. C．Because of more plane arrivals. 4．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Many hands make light work. B．The early bird catches the worm. C．A small change makes a big difference. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $