Unit 5 Good manners 单元话题（礼仪与习俗）阅读理解进阶练15篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（译林版）

**基本信息** 本专项以“礼仪与习俗”为主题，分基础、进阶、综合三层次设计15篇阅读理解，通过梯度训练提升跨文化理解与语言应用能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础入门训练|5篇|以事实细节题为主，如各国问候方式判断|从单一国家礼仪现象（英/日/泰）切入，构建礼仪文化基础认知| |进阶拓展训练|5篇|增加推理与主旨题，如“文章来源”“习俗共同点”|拓展至跨文化对比（如美日问候差异、丹麦墓地文化），培养文化差异分析能力| |能力综合实践|5篇|侧重观点理解与应用，如“电梯礼仪作者观点”“中国餐桌礼仪规范”|整合礼仪场景（餐桌/礼物/公共场合），提升跨文化交际中的思维品质与语言能力|

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Good manners 单元话题（礼仪与习俗）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 Good manners are very important in our daily life. We should always remember to be polite. In Britain, people never talk loudly on the bus or the underground. They usually read books or newspapers. When they meet for the first time, they shake hands and say “How do you do?” When they are talking, they don’t like to touch each other. In Japan, people bow to greet each other. They also use polite words when they talk. When they go into a house, they take off their shoes. It’s good manners in Japan. In Thailand, people greet each other by putting their hands together and bowing. They never touch others’ heads, because they think the head is the most important part of the body. Different countries have different manners, but we all know that good manners can make the world better. 1．What do British people usually do on the bus? A．Talk loudly. B．Read books or newspapers. C．Sing songs. D．Listen to music. 2．How do Japanese people greet each other? A．Shake hands. B．Bow. C．Kiss. D．Hug. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．British people like to touch each other when talking. B．Japanese people wear shoes when going into a house. C．People in Thailand never touch others’ heads. D．All countries have the same manners. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了英国、日本、泰国三个国家的不同礼仪习惯，强调礼貌的重要性。 1．原文第二段提到“In Britain, people never talk loudly on the bus or the underground. They usually read books or newspapers”，说明英国人在公交车上通常会读书或看报。 2．原文第三段提到“In Japan, people bow to greet each other”，说明日本人见面时会鞠躬问候。 3．原文第四段提到“In Thailand... They never touch the head of others”，说明泰国人从不触碰别人的头。 The Fist-and-Palm Salute The fist-and-palm salute is a famous traditional Chinese greeting. With a history of thousands of years, it shows politeness and respect. Men usually make a right fist and cover it with their left palm, while women do the opposite. People place their hands in front of the chest and bow a little. It is widely used at festivals, family gatherings and formal events. This greeting carries rich cultural meaning, showing the charm of Chinese etiquette(礼仪). The Maori Hongi Greeting The hongi is a classic greeting of the Maori people in New Zealand. When meeting, people press their noses and foreheads together. This special act means sharing the "breath of life", standing for trust and unity. It is often used at welcome ceremonies and important cultural events. For the Maori, the hongi is more than a simple greeting. It connects people and passes down their precious traditional culture. _____________________ Namaste is a well-known traditional greeting in India. People put their palms together at the chest, fingers pointing upward, and bow slightly. It is a way to show respect, kindness and good wishes to others. This greeting is used in daily life, festivals and formal situations. It also carries spiritual meaning in local culture. Simple but meaningful, namaste has become a symbol of Indian manners. 1．In which section of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．CULTURE B．SCIENCE C．EDUCATION D．TRAVEL 2．What can we learn about the fist-and-palm salute from the passage? A．It is a modern greeting with a short history. B．Men and women perform this greeting in different ways. C．People only use it on traditional Chinese festivals. D．It requires people to bow deeply to greet others. 3．The best heading for the third paragraph would be ________. A．How to Do the Namaste Greeting B．Important Tips for Traveling in India C．The History of the Namaste Greeting D．The Namaste Greeting in India 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The hongi is a traditional greeting from India. B．The fist-and-palm salute has no cultural value. C．Namaste has special meaning in Indian culture. D．All the three greetings are used only in formal events. 5．What do the three manners have in common? A．They all need hand gestures. B．They all express good manners. C．They all come from Asian countries. D．They are popular in every country. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分别介绍了中国的抱拳礼、新西兰毛利人的碰鼻礼和印度的合十礼。文章从动作方式、使用场合、文化内涵三个维度对每种礼仪进行说明，旨在呈现不同文化背景下传统问候方式的独特魅力与共同价值。 1．本文核心内容为三种传统问候礼仪的动作方式、使用场合及文化内涵，属于文化知识与习俗介绍范畴，即报纸的“CULTURE”（文化）版面会刊登此类内容。 2．根据第一段中“Men usually make a right fist and cover it with their left palm, while women do the opposite”可知，男性以右手握拳、左手覆拳，女性则动作相反，即男性和女性行抱拳礼的方式不同。B项符合。A项“现代问候方式且历史短暂”与原文“With a history of thousands of years”相悖；C项“仅在传统节日使用”与原文“widely used at festivals, family gatherings and formal events”不符；D项“需深深鞠躬”与原文“bow a little”（微微鞠躬）不符。 3．第三段全文围绕印度合十礼展开，依次说明动作方式（双手合十置于胸前、手指向上、微微鞠躬）、使用场合（日常生活、节日、正式场合）及文化内涵（尊重、善意、精神意义）。因此段落标题应概括该段核心内容。A项“如何行合十礼”仅涵盖动作方式，不完整；B项“印度旅行重要贴士”与段落内容无关；C项“合十礼的历史”文中未提及；D项“印度的合十礼”准确概括了该段对合十礼的整体介绍。 4．根据第三段中“It also carries spiritual meaning in local culture”可知，合十礼在印度本土文化中具有精神层面的含义，因此C项表述正确。A项错误，碰鼻礼（hongi）属于新西兰毛利人，而非印度；B项错误，第一段明确指出抱拳礼“carries rich cultural meaning”；D项错误，三种礼仪均不仅限于正式场合，文中提及“daily life”“family gatherings”“welcome ceremonies”等非正式场合。 5．三种礼仪分别来自中国、新西兰和印度，动作方式各不相同（抱拳礼用手、碰鼻礼用鼻与额、合十礼用手），但共同点在于都用于表达礼貌与尊重。A项“都需要手势”错误，碰鼻礼不涉及手部动作；B项“都表达良好礼仪”正确，文中“politeness and respect”“trust and unity”“respect, kindness and good wishes”均体现了这一点；C项“都来自亚洲国家”错误，新西兰不属于亚洲；D项“在每个国家都流行”错误，文中仅说明各自在本国/本民族使用。 FranceFrance is famous for its people’s romantic (浪漫的) way of greeting. They touch their face and make a kissing sound. BrazilCome and take a bath! Indians in Brazil (巴西) love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them. ThailandPeople in Thailand press their hands together and bow to greet each other. If you hold your hands higher or take a lower bow, you show more respect to others. New ZealandThe custom of welcoming someone is called the “hongi”. People touch their noses together when they meet. They are sharing their breath with their guests. How do people greet visitors? In most countries, people shake hands when they meet. However, the world is made up of many different cultures. Other cultures have special customs. Read on to find out! 1．How many ways of greeting are there in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which country greets people by touching noses? A．France. B．Brazil. C．Thailand. D．New Zealand. 3．Which part of the newspaper is the passage taken from? A．Science. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Business. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了法国、巴西、泰国和新西兰四个国家独特的问候方式，展示了不同文化的多样性。 1．文章表格中分别提到了法国、巴西、泰国和新西兰的四种不同的问候方式，文章最后一段还明确提到“In most countries, people shake hands when they meet.”，所以全文共计提到了5种问候方式。 2．文章新西兰部分“People touch their noses together when they meet.”指出，新西兰人通过碰鼻子来问候。 3．文章围绕不同国家独特的问候习俗展开，属于文化习俗的介绍。 China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国人热情好客的待客习俗与礼仪文化。 1．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality.”，可以猜测其他家庭成员正在厨房准备的“feast”和后文的“a rich meal”意思对应，也就是大餐、盛宴，与B选项表达一致。 2．根据第3段“Chinese people believe that treating guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat...”，可知中国主人准备比客人能吃完的更多的食物，是为了表达热情好客，与A选项表达一致。 3．根据第3段“What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists in Western dining culture.”，可知用餐时最让西方客人惊讶的是主人给客人夹菜。 4．根据全文内容可知，文章围绕中国人的待客礼仪展开，从奉茶、备餐到用餐细节，体现了中国人的热情好客与待客习俗，与C选项表达一致。 Good manners are the key to getting on well with people around us. Here are some basic good manners for students. First, say “hello” or “good morning” when you meet teachers and classmates. It shows you are friendly and polite. Second, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. It can keep the germs away. Third, don’t run in the hallways. It’s dangerous and you may knock into others. Fourth, don’t talk with food in your mouth. It’s not polite and it’s bad for your health. Fifth, clean up your things after class. It makes our classroom tidy. If you follow these rules, you will be a student with good manners. Everyone likes to make friends with polite students. 1．How many good manners for students are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What should you do when you meet teachers? A．Say hello. B．Keep quiet. C．Run away. D．Laugh. 3．Which of the following is NOT good manners according to the passage? A．Cover your mouth when coughing. B．Run in the hallways. C．Clean up things after class. D．Don’t talk with food in your mouth. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to keep healthy. B．Good manners for students. C．How to make friends. D．Ways to clean the classroom. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了学生应遵守的几项基本礼仪规范。 1．原文第二段用First到Fifth列举了5条学生礼仪。 2．原文第二段提到“First, say “hello” or “good morning” when you meet teachers and classmates”，说明见到老师要问好。 3．原文第二段提到“Third, don’t run in the hallways. It’s dangerous and you may knock into others”，说明在走廊奔跑不是良好礼仪。 4．文章开头和结尾都围绕“学生的良好礼仪”展开，主旨是介绍学生应遵守的礼仪规范。 进阶拓展训练5篇 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 In some countries, people greet each other by shaking hands. In others, they bow, hug, or even kiss on the cheek. These different ways of greeting show how cultures can be very different from one another. When Mark, an American student, went to study in Japan, he learned a lot about Japanese greetings. On his first day at school, he put out his hand to shake with his Japanese teacher. The teacher looked surprised and then gently took Mark’s hand and shook it. Later, Mark’s friend Yuki told him that in Japan, people usually bow instead of shaking hands. Bowing shows respect. The deeper the bow, the more respect you show. Mark also learned that in Japan, it is impolite to hug or kiss someone you have just met. Personal space is very important. After staying in Japan for a few months, Mark got used to bowing. When he returned to the United States, he bowed to his American friend by accident. His friend laughed and said, “We shake hands here, remember?” Now Mark understands that when you visit a different country, it’s important to learn about their greeting customs. This helps you avoid embarrassing moments and shows respect to the local people. 1．What did Mark try to do on his first day at school in Japan? A．He bowed to the teacher. B．He hugged the teacher. C．He shook hands with the teacher. D．He kissed the teacher on the cheek. 2．According to the passage, what does bowing show in Japan? A．Fear. B．Respect. C．Friendship. D．Surprise. 3．Why did Mark’s Japanese teacher look surprised? A．Because Mark was late for class. B．Because Mark didn’t say hello. C．Because Mark tried to shake hands. D．Because Mark bowed too deeply. 4．What happened when Mark returned to the United States? A．He forgot how to shake hands. B．He bowed to his American friend by accident. C．His American friend got angry. D．He decided to stay in Japan forever. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Greeting customs are the same all over the world. B．It is important to learn about greeting customs when visiting another country. C．Shaking hands is the best way to greet people. D．Japanese people never shake hands. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文通过记叙Mark在日本的经历，介绍不同国家的问候礼仪，并说明了解当地习俗的重要性。 1．第二段明确提到“On his first day at school, he put out his hand to shake with his Japanese teacher.”，直接说明Mark在日本上学第一天试图和老师握手。 2．第二段指出“Bowing shows respect.”，直接说明在日本鞠躬表示尊重。 3．前文提到Mark主动伸手握手，而日本人通常鞠躬，因此老师感到惊讶，说明老师惊讶是因为Mark试图握手。 4．第三段提到“When he returned to the United States, he bowed to his American friend by accident.”，说明Mark回到美国后不小心对朋友鞠躬。 5．最后一段点明“when you visit a different country, it’s important to learn about their greeting customs.”，全文围绕了解不同国家的问候习俗展开，因此本文主旨是去其他国家时了解问候习俗很重要。 Our world is a colourful collection of unique habits and customs. What seems normal in one place can be very strange in another. Let’s look at three interesting examples from different cultures. In Nicaragua, it is common to point with the lips instead of the thumb or index finger. Wondering exactly how a person points with their lips? It all starts with puckering up (撅起). They direct their lips forward or to the side to indicate what they want to draw attention to. People do this because pointing with fingers is often seen as rude. Using lips is a more polite way to show something. In many countries, cemeteries (墓地) are often seen as scary places. But in Denmark, this is not really true. People in Denmark turn cemeteries into friendly social places, which is a rather practical way to use space.     Cemeteries in Denmark are always kept very clean and beautiful. When it gets warmer, many local people gather there to enjoy themselves. Plus, you’ll be hanging out in great company as many famous Danes are buried here, including Hans Christian Andersen. In Greece, there is a special symbolic wedding tradition—people make a spitting sound near the bride to ward off bad luck. This practice was popularized thanks to the 2002 film, My Big Fat Greek Wedding. In Greek culture, the act of spitting is seen as a way to bring good luck and keep bad luck away. But don’t worry — today people never actually spit. Instead, they just say “ftou, ftou, ftou” loudly, as a symbol of good wishes. People also do this on other special occasions. If you hear someone speaking of misfortune and misery, say “ftou, ftou, ftou” to keep the same misfortune and misery away from you and your loved ones. 1．People in Nicaragua often point with their lips because ______. A．it is faster than using fingers B．it is a rule set by the government C．their hands are often busy with work D．they think it’s a more polite way to point 2．How do people in Denmark view and use their cemeteries? A．As spaces for social activities. B．As museums for traditional art. C．As places for large public festivals. D．As chances to learn about famous figures. 3．What do the three customs have in common? A．They all seem strange to outsiders. B．They are all from African countries. C．They are all about using body language. D．They all take place during important events. 4．Where would you most likely find this article? A．In a news report. B．In a culture blog. C．In a science magazine. D．In a study on children’s education. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主题是人与社会之公序良俗。本文主要介绍了来自尼加拉瓜、丹麦和希腊的三个独特文化习俗，展现了世界各地习俗的多样性。 1．根据第二段最后两句可知，当地人认为用手指指点是粗鲁的，而用嘴唇示意更礼貌。 2．根据第三段最后一句和第四段第二句可知，丹麦人将墓地当作社交场所，并在天气暖和时聚集在那里享受美好时光。A项最准确地概括了丹麦墓地独特的社交功能。 3．通读全文可知，这三个例子最显著的共性在于，对于不熟悉该文化的外人而言，这些习俗都显得颇为奇特甚至难以理解。文章第一段即点明主题：世界各地的习俗在外人看来可能非常奇特。这三个例子正是为了印证这一观点。A符合题意。 4．通读全文可知，本文以轻松有趣的口吻开头，引导读者了解世界各地奇特的习俗，其内容和风格具有鲜明的知识普及与文化探索特征。故最符合文化类博客的定位。 When you have dinner at a friend’s home in America, you should remember the table manners. Don’t circle your plate with your arms. If you do so, everyone at the table will think, “Is there anything wrong with the food?” This may give a wrong message. They may think you don’t like the food or something like that. When you finish the dinner, don’t lean (倚靠) back and say “I’m full”. Just put the fork and knife across the plate. Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat. Cut only one or two pieces once. If you do like this, they will think it’s impolite. Never take a big mouthful of (一大口) anything or eat noisily. Do you want to show how hungry you are? Don’t do that. It’s not so good. It’s never good to reach across the table for anything. If the food is not at hand, you can ask the nearest person for help, like “Mrs. Smith, could you pass me the dish?” Do not leave your seat without saying anything. If you need to leave the table to go to the washroom or do something else, you should say “Excuse me for a moment, please”. If you don’t know whether or not it’s polite, just do as other people do. 1．If you are at the table and circle your plate with your arms, other people will think ________. A．you don’t like the food B．the food isn’t good for you C．there is something wrong with the food D．all above 2．After finishing dinner, you should ________. A．put the fork and knife across the plate B．stand up and leave the table C．say “I’m full” D．say “Thank you” 3．If you want a dish far from you at the table, you should ________. A．stand up and reach across the table for it B．leave your seat to get it C．sit there until others help you D．ask the nearest person for help 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．You can eat noisily to show you like the food. B．It’s not good to cut up everything before you start to eat. C．When you want to leave the table, you can go without saying anything. D．You can keep silent if you don’t know what to do at table. 5．The text mainly tells us ________. A．the eating habits of Americans B．the table manners of America C．how to eat healthily in America D．what Americans like to eat 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，详细介绍了在美国朋友家用餐时需注意的餐桌礼仪，包括避免用手臂圈盘子、餐后餐具摆放、进食方式、取餐礼仪等。 1．第二段明确指出：“If you do so, everyone at the table will think, ‘Is there anything wrong with the food?’ This may give a wrong message. They may think you don’t like the food or something like that.”，说明他人会认为食物有问题、你不喜欢食物或其他情况。 2．第三段明确指出：“When you finish the dinner...Just put the fork and knife across the plate.”，说明餐后应将刀叉横放在盘子上。 3．第六段明确指出：“If the food is not at hand, you can ask the nearest person for help...”，说明应向最近的人求助。 4．第四段明确指出：“Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat.”，不要提前把所有食物切碎，应一次只切一两块。 5．本文围绕“美国的餐桌礼仪”展开介绍，包括手臂位置、餐后刀叉摆放、切食物方式、咀嚼声音、取菜方式、离席礼仪等。 When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners. Different countries have different ways to be polite. In Japan, people usually bow to each other when they meet. The bow is not just a quick nod. The more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. When you give a gift to a Japanese friend, you should use both hands. It is also polite to take off your shoes before you go into a Japanese family’s house. In Germany, people are very serious about being on time. If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock. Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite. When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate. This shows that you enjoy the meal very much. In Brazil, people are very friendly. They often greet each other with a big hug, even for people they just meet. When you talk with a Brazilian, you should stand close to them. It is not polite to keep a long distance between you and them. All in all, learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip in other countries. Just remember the old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 1．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to travel to different countries. B．Different manners in different countries. C．The famous saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. D．How to give gifts to foreign friends. 2．What does the underlined word “exactly” mean? A．Without any mistake B．More or less C．Ahead of time D．Behind time 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Japan, you should use one hand to give a gift. B．In Germany, being 5 minutes late for a meeting is polite. C．In Brazil, people greet each other with a handshake. D．In Germany, finishing all the food on your plate is polite. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to be polite in our daily life. B．To ask us to travel to different countries. C．To help us know about local manners when travelling. D．To show us the importance of learning English. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日本、德国和巴西三个国家不同的社交礼仪。文章分别讲述了日本的鞠躬与送礼习惯、德国的守时与餐桌礼仪以及巴西的热情问候方式，旨在告诉读者了解当地礼仪对旅行的重要性。 1．第一段开宗明义指出：“Different countries have different ways to be polite.”，随后文章分别列举了日本、德国和巴西的具体礼仪，这直接说明文章的主旨是关于不同国家的不同礼仪。 2．第三段提到：“If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock.”。结合后文“Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite”可知，这里强调的是时间上的精准，不能有误，因此“exactly”意为“精确地、无误地”。 3．第三段明确指出：“When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate.”（当你在餐馆吃饭时，把盘子里的食物吃光是礼貌的），这与选项D“在德国，把盘子里的食物吃光是礼貌的”相符。 4．第一段指出：“When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners.”，且最后一段总结：“learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip”，这说明作者写这篇文章的目的是为了帮助我们在旅行时了解当地礼仪。 I am really enjoying my trip to the UK! Staying with Aunt Mary has been great fun. Yesterday, I learnt a lot about manners here. It was Aunt Mary’s birthday yesterday so we went to a very famous restaurant in London. Aunt Mary told me to wear smart clothes and shoes, because the restaurant had a “dress code”. That means you can only eat there if you are wearing smart clothes! The restaurant is one of the most popular in London, so we had to queue for about ten minutes. British people do not mind standing in queues. The menu was in French, not English! However, the waiter was very polite and friendly. He told me what the dishes were and helped me choose something. There were three different types of knives and forks to eat with. You must start with the knife and fork from the outside first. After the main course (主菜), we also enjoyed some dessert which is a kind of sweet food eaten at the end of a meal, such as pudding, ice-cream, pancake and so on. When we finished, we put the knife and fork next to each other in the middle of the plate. The food was very delicious. After the meal, Uncle John paid for the meal and left the waiter a “tip”. This is some extra money for good service. It was such a treat to visit such an expensive restaurant. I am very lucky! Manners here can be very different from those at home. However, I know that not every restaurant in the UK is like that. You may see people eating with hands in some fast food restaurants. 1．Why did Uncle John leave the waiter a “tip”? A．Because he was rich. B．Because the waiter was so poor. C．Because giving a tip is a custom in the UK. D．Because the waiter offered good service. 2．Which of the following shows the right order of using the table settings (餐具) in the British restaurant? A．Dessert Spoon—Teaspoon—Soup Spoon B．Salad Fork—Dinner Knife—Dessert Spoon C．Dessert Fork—Salad Knife—Soup Spoon D．Salad Fork—Dessert Fork—Dinner Fork 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The waiter helped the writer order the dishes. B．The menus in the UK were all written in French. C．The writer didn’t enjoy the meal, though it was expensive. D．People should wear smart clothes while eating in every British restaurant. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在英国餐厅用餐的经历及相关的英国餐桌礼仪文化。 1．文中第四段提到“After the meal, Uncle John paid for the meal and left the waiter a ‘tip’. This is some extra money for good service.” 可知约翰叔叔给服务员小费是因为他提供了好的服务。 2．文中第三段提到“You must start with the knife and fork from the outside first.” 结合餐具摆放图，按从外到内的使用顺序，符合正确顺序的是B选项⑤Salad Fork—⑦Dinner Knife—⑫Dessert Spoon。 3．文中第三段提到“However, the waiter was very polite and friendly. He told me what the dishes were and helped me choose something.” 可知服务员帮助作者点了菜品，A选项表述正确，B、D选项都说的太绝对了，C选项与原文“The food was very delicious.”不符。 能力综合实践5篇 If you live in a big city, there are many things to drive you crazy in your life. Vicky Zhao is working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can’t put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalators (自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn’t a place to rest,” the 24-year-old woman says. “I often see tourists block the way with their cases or chat on the escalators during rush hour. It always annoys me.” The logic (逻辑) behind the “stand right, walk left” escalator etiquette seems obvious. You should leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train. Many countries’ and cities’ escalators use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (Australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) But people who stand on the left side of the escalators protect themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. In a recent story about escalator etiquette, a reporter quotes (引用) one passenger as saying, “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the escalator is very full and there’s nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.” Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place where you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always think of others: leave enough space between each other and don’t remain at the end of the escalators, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough. 1．The escalators are used to ________ according to the passage. A．help people carry their suitcases B．provide a place to rest C．help people move faster and save time D．catch the train in time 2．In the second paragraph, the underlined word “It” refers to ________. A．the author’s living in the big city of Hong Kong B．being crowded on the subway trains in rush hour C．people’s blocking the way or chatting on the escalators D．people’s standing on the right side resting 3．Vicky Zhao can’t stand ________. A．working for long in Hong Kong B．the logic behind the escalator etiquette C．people fighting on the escalators D．people blocking the way on the escalators 4．Which of the following statements is the writer’s opinion? A．People should stand right no matter where they are. B．People should do as the Romans do (入乡随俗) and consider others. C．People should do as they like on the escalators. D．People should be seriously criticized (批评、指责) when they block the way. 5．From the passage we know that we should ________ on the escalators. A．stay at the end B．annoy others C．always say “excuse me” to others D．leave enough space between each other 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讨论了自动扶梯上的礼仪问题，包括不同城市扶梯礼仪的差异以及相关建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Escalators help us move faster and save time.”可知，自动扶梯用于帮助人们更快地移动并节省时间。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“I often see tourists block the way with their cases or chat on the escalators during rush hour.”可知，人们在自动扶梯上挡路或聊天。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“For her, one thing she can’t put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalators (自动扶梯) in subway stations.”可知，赵无法忍受人们在自动扶梯上挡住去路。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place where you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always think of others”可知，作者的观点是人们应该像罗马人一样行事，考虑他人。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据“leave enough space between each other and don’t remain at the end of the escalators, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough.”可知，从文章中我们知道，我们应该在自动扶梯上留出足够的空间。故选D。 An American woman living in Wisconsin (威斯康星州) offered to teach English to a Japanese woman who had moved into the same community. “Before each lesson, and on each and every visit,” the American reported, “the Japanese lady brought me a gift—a book, some paper sculpture, flowers, or candy. It was embarrassing (令人尴尬的).”    Unknowingly, this American was experiencing (体验) a part of protocol (社交礼仪) rooted centuries deep in the Japanese culture.     In America, valuable gifts are surely out. An proper (适宜的) behavior on a gift is to take the person to dinner, or to an entertainment or a sporting event. On the contrary (相反), gift-giving is a custom in Japan. According to Business Tokyo magazine, among the Japanese “gift-giving is a necessity, not only a small thing as in the West”. In Japan the proper gift is thought to express the giver’s true friendship, gratitude, and respect far better than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have Japanese visit you here, be prepared. So you know gift-giving plays a very important role in nowadays society. Now let’s see what happens in other countries. Australia is known for its kindness and honesty. So proper gifts, such as a business diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might be presented as a memento (纪念品) of a business meeting. At a trade show, T-shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be proper mementos. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment. 1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the first paragraph? A．The gifts were so small and poor. B．The Japanese woman was not good at learning English. C．She didn’t know how to teach the Japanese woman. D．The Japanese woman brought gifts on each and every visit. 2．Which of the following can NOT be presented as a memento of a business meeting in Australia? A．A business diary. B．A coffee cup. C．A gold watch. D．A paperweight. 3．Which country is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．The USA． B．Japan. C．China. D．Australia. 4．What may the passage talk about in the following paragraphs? A．Why the Australians are kind and honest? B．What’s the difference between America and Australia? C．What happens in other countries about gift giving? D．How an Australian should behave (行为) in America? 5．What does the passage show? A．People should give some valuable gifts when going to different countries. B．Gift-giving is an important kind of protocol nowadays. C．Bringing gifts often makes giver. D．An expensive gift will make an Australian angry. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了送礼是当今社会的一种重要礼仪，并详细地介绍了一些国家的送礼礼仪。 1．词义猜测题。根据“the Japanese lady brought me a gift—a book, some paper sculpture, flowers, or candy”可知，it指代前文提到的这个日本女人每次拜访都会带一些小礼物，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“So proper gifts, such as a business diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might be presented as a memento (纪念品) of a business meeting”可知，商务日记、镇纸或咖啡杯，都可以作为商务会议的纪念品，“一块金表”不是，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“In America”，“In Japan”，“Australia”可知，没有提到“中国”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“So you know gift-giving plays a very important role in nowadays society. Now let’s see what happens in other countries”可推断，接下来会介绍在其他国家的送礼物习俗，故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“So you know gift-giving plays a very important role in nowadays society”可知，本文展示了，送礼物在如今是一种重要的礼仪，故选B。 China has long been known as a nation of rites (礼仪之邦). Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴席). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners. One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is portion (一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion (分配) while being served to you on large plates. As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting. You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan (more commonly known as “that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table”). Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food. As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round? As a round table, the seat of honor (首位) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway—outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honor would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment, the table of honor is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door. The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honor, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying “吃吧” which means “Please eat”. 1．What should we do if we have meals in a public setting? A．Bring your own chopsticks from home. B．Use communal chopsticks to get food. C．Use your own chopsticks to share food. D．Share the food with others’ chopsticks. 2．What does the underlined word “spin” in the passage mean? A．turn something around B．pull something nearer C．pick something up D．move something away 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Why the table is round? B．How can you find a seat? C．Which is the honor seat? D．Who is the most important? 4．How does the writer organize the article? A．In time order. B．From specific to general. C．In space order. D．From general to specific. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。 1．细节理解题。根据第3段“As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting.”可知，如果我们在公共场所用餐，我们该用公用筷子取食物，故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据带下划线的单词所在句子“It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food.”可知，文章中带下划线的单词“spin”意思是“转动某物”，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together.”可知，第4段的主要思想是“为什么桌子是圆的”，故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇短文主要介绍了中国的餐桌礼仪。中国人在正式场合下举止得体，无论是婚礼、庆祝派对还是宴会。中国餐桌礼仪的基本规则包括共享餐食、使用公共餐具、注意卫生和尊重座位次序。作者是从一般到具体组织文章的，故选D。 Some Chinese Table Manners The Chinese developed delicious dishes and regard food as the most important thing in their life. The Chinese do not greet each other with “How are you?” but instead they ask, “Have you eaten?” As the part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese table manners are still followed today. Eating Etiquette in China Here are some rules on eating etiquette in China： ①Don’t start eating until the host gives a sign (示意) to start. ②When the dishes are served, you need to wait for the elders, leaders and guests to try the dishes first. ③Try to choose dishes that are close to you. If someone else is serving the food, don’t put your hand over that person’s hand to pick up food. ④Never fill your plate to the maximum (最大量). Etiquette in Using Chopsticks The use of chopsticks is a must in Chinese cuisine. Here some rules： ①Chopsticks should not be inserted into (插入) the rice. ②Don’t play with your chopsticks such as using the chopsticks to beat your bowls or shake your chopsticks around in the air. ③Pointing at people with your chopsticks is very impolite. ④Try to hold your chopsticks and do not let them fall to the ground. ⑤Pick up the bowl of rice and lift the rice into your mouth with the chopsticks. Do not make any noise when eating the food. ⑥The spoon should not be used at the same time as the chopsticks. 1．What does the word “Etiquette” mean? A．法律 B．礼仪 C．制度 D．风俗 2．Chinese table manners ________. A．are the most important in life B．are not followed now C．and western table manners are the same D．are the part of Chinese cooking culture 3．We may read this passage from ________. A．a science newspaper B．a website for selling food C．a magazine about Chinese culture D．a video (视频) about cooking skills 4．Which is not mentioned (提及) according to the passage? A．How the Chinese greet each other. B．Rules about using chopsticks. C．Chinese drinking etiquette. D．Chinese eating etiquette. 5．We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________. A．the Chinese respect (尊重) the elders B．it is impolite to point at people with your chopsticks C．chopsticks should not be inserted into (插入) the rice D．it’s difficult to learn to use chopsticks 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的一些餐桌礼仪。 1．词义猜测题。根据“Don’t start eating …”、“… you need to wait for the elders, leaders and guests to try the dishes first.”以及“Try to choose dishes …”和“Never fill your plate to the maximum.”可知，此处是谈及就餐时需要注意的一些礼仪；据此可知划线单词“etiquette”意为“礼仪”，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As the part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese table manners are still followed today.”可知，中国的餐桌礼仪是中国烹饪文化的一部分。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“As the part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese table manners are still followed today.”及文中对餐桌礼仪的介绍，可推出我们可以从一本关于中国文化的杂志上读到这篇文章。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Chinese do not greet each other with “How are you?” but instead they ask, ‘Have you eaten?’”、“Eating Etiquette in China”及“Etiquette in Using Chopsticks”可知，本文提到了中国人如何问候彼此、使用筷子的规则及饮食礼仪，没有提到中国的饮酒礼仪。故选C。 5．推理判断题。根据“When the dishes are served, you need to wait for the elders, leaders and guests to try the dishes first.”可知，要等长辈先吃饭；据此可以推断，中国人十分尊敬长辈。故选A。 People in different countries have different ways of doing things. Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another. In Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some soup. But it’s different in China. And in Japan you even needn’t worry about making a noise when you have noodles. It shows that you enjoy it. However, making a noise is a bad manners (举止) in Britain. If you are a visitor in Mongolia (蒙古), What manners do they wish you to have? They wish you to give a loud “burp” (打嗝) after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like the food. In Britain, you should try not to put your hands on the table when you’re having a meal. In Mexico (墨西哥), however, they hope you keep the hands on the table during the meal. But Arabians (阿拉伯人) think you must be very careful with your hands. You mustn’t eat with your left hands. Arabians think it’s very bad manners. So, what should you do if you visit another country? “When in Roman, do as the Romans do.” That means you can just watch carefully and follow them. 1．It’s not polite to lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some soup in . A．China B．Britain C．Japan D．Mexico 2．In Mongolia, burping after eating shows that . A．you are impolite B．you are hungry C．you like the food D．you don’t like the food 3．In, you mustn’t eat with your left hands. A．Britain B．China C．Mexico D．Arabian countries 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Different countries have different table manners. B．Table manners in Britain. C．How to be polite at home. D．Don’t worry about making a noise when you have meals. 5．What should we do in different countries? A．Where there is a will, there is a way. B．Two heads are better than one. C．When in Roman, do as the Romans do. D．Better late than never. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家人们在餐桌礼仪上的差异。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some soup.”可知，在英国，喝汤时把碗端到嘴边是不礼貌的。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段“If you are a visitor in Mongolia, What manners do they wish you to have? They wish you to give a loud ‘burp’ after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like the food.”可知，在蒙古，吃完饭后打嗝表示你喜欢食物。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“Arabians think you must be very careful with your hands. You mustn’t eat with your left hands.”可知，在阿拉伯国家，不能用左手吃饭。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是根据第一段“People in different countries have different ways of doing things. Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another.”可知，不同国家有不同的做事方式，在一个国家有礼貌的行为在另一个国家可能是很不礼貌的；接着通过列举不同国家在饮食方面的不同礼仪来具体说明，所以主要观点是不同国家有不同的餐桌礼仪。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, what should you do if you visit another country? ‘When in Roman, do as the Romans do.’ That means you can just watch carefully and follow them.”可知，在不同国家，我们应该入乡随俗。故选C。 22 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 23 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Good manners 单元话题（礼仪与习俗）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 Good manners are very important in our daily life. We should always remember to be polite. In Britain, people never talk loudly on the bus or the underground. They usually read books or newspapers. When they meet for the first time, they shake hands and say “How do you do?” When they are talking, they don’t like to touch each other. In Japan, people bow to greet each other. They also use polite words when they talk. When they go into a house, they take off their shoes. It’s good manners in Japan. In Thailand, people greet each other by putting their hands together and bowing. They never touch others’ heads, because they think the head is the most important part of the body. Different countries have different manners, but we all know that good manners can make the world better. 1．What do British people usually do on the bus? A．Talk loudly. B．Read books or newspapers. C．Sing songs. D．Listen to music. 2．How do Japanese people greet each other? A．Shake hands. B．Bow. C．Kiss. D．Hug. 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．British people like to touch each other when talking. B．Japanese people wear shoes when going into a house. C．People in Thailand never touch others’ heads. D．All countries have the same manners. The Fist-and-Palm Salute The fist-and-palm salute is a famous traditional Chinese greeting. With a history of thousands of years, it shows politeness and respect. Men usually make a right fist and cover it with their left palm, while women do the opposite. People place their hands in front of the chest and bow a little. It is widely used at festivals, family gatherings and formal events. This greeting carries rich cultural meaning, showing the charm of Chinese etiquette(礼仪). The Maori Hongi Greeting The hongi is a classic greeting of the Maori people in New Zealand. When meeting, people press their noses and foreheads together. This special act means sharing the "breath of life", standing for trust and unity. It is often used at welcome ceremonies and important cultural events. For the Maori, the hongi is more than a simple greeting. It connects people and passes down their precious traditional culture. _____________________ Namaste is a well-known traditional greeting in India. People put their palms together at the chest, fingers pointing upward, and bow slightly. It is a way to show respect, kindness and good wishes to others. This greeting is used in daily life, festivals and formal situations. It also carries spiritual meaning in local culture. Simple but meaningful, namaste has become a symbol of Indian manners. 1．In which section of a newspaper can we read the passage? A．CULTURE B．SCIENCE C．EDUCATION D．TRAVEL 2．What can we learn about the fist-and-palm salute from the passage? A．It is a modern greeting with a short history. B．Men and women perform this greeting in different ways. C．People only use it on traditional Chinese festivals. D．It requires people to bow deeply to greet others. 3．The best heading for the third paragraph would be ________. A．How to Do the Namaste Greeting B．Important Tips for Traveling in India C．The History of the Namaste Greeting D．The Namaste Greeting in India 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The hongi is a traditional greeting from India. B．The fist-and-palm salute has no cultural value. C．Namaste has special meaning in Indian culture. D．All the three greetings are used only in formal events. 5．What do the three manners have in common? A．They all need hand gestures. B．They all express good manners. C．They all come from Asian countries. D．They are popular in every country. FranceFrance is famous for its people’s romantic (浪漫的) way of greeting. They touch their face and make a kissing sound. BrazilCome and take a bath! Indians in Brazil (巴西) love bathing very much. When you visit them, they will invite you to take a bath in a river with them. ThailandPeople in Thailand press their hands together and bow to greet each other. If you hold your hands higher or take a lower bow, you show more respect to others. New ZealandThe custom of welcoming someone is called the “hongi”. People touch their noses together when they meet. They are sharing their breath with their guests. How do people greet visitors? In most countries, people shake hands when they meet. However, the world is made up of many different cultures. Other cultures have special customs. Read on to find out! 1．How many ways of greeting are there in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．Which country greets people by touching noses? A．France. B．Brazil. C．Thailand. D．New Zealand. 3．Which part of the newspaper is the passage taken from? A．Science. B．Culture. C．Travel. D．Business. China is a nation of etiquette (礼仪) with a history of thousands of years. Chinese people are widely known as one of the most hospitable people in the world. If foreigners visit a Chinese family, they will not only be served (招待) carefully but deeply moved by the warmth as guests. When you step into a Chinese family, the host will first greet you warmly and quickly make a cup of tea-either jasmine (茉莉花) tea or mellow green tea, which is a traditional way to show respect. Then, a plate of snacks will be placed on the table, such as sweet candies, crispy biscuits and local specialties. There will always be family members chatting with you, asking about your journey or hobbies, to make sure you never feel left out. Meanwhile, other family members will busy themselves in the kitchen preparing a feast. Chinese people believe that treating (招待) guests to a rich meal is the best way to express hospitality. They often cook far more dishes than the guests can eat, including meat, vegetables, soups and desserts. During the meal, the host will let the guests start eating first. What surprises Western guests most is that the host often picks food for them with serving chopsticks, a behavior full of care that rarely exists (存在) in Western dining culture. Even after you finish eating and say you are full, the host will still say gently, “It seems you didn’t eat much. Please have a little more.” This kind of enthusiasm (热情) comes from the depths of Chinese culture. As Confucius said thousands of years ago: “It is a great pleasure to meet friends from far away.” This ancient wisdom has been passed down and has become an important part of Chinese tradition. 1．What does the underlined word “feast” mean in Paragraph 3? A．A special snack. B．A big dinner. C．A healthy drink. D．An excellent show. 2．Why do Chinese hosts prepare more food than guests can eat? A．They want to express hospitality. B．They are afraid guests don’t like the dishes. C．They want to show their wealth. D．They are not sure how much food to cook. 3．What will surprise Western guests most during the meal? A．There are many kinds of snacks. B．Guests are the first to eat. C．The host picks food for guests. D．There are many dishes on the table. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The history of Chinese etiquette. B．How to make tea for guests in China. C．Chinese people’s hospitality and treating customs. D．The differences between Chinese and Western dining cultures. Good manners are the key to getting on well with people around us. Here are some basic good manners for students. First, say “hello” or “good morning” when you meet teachers and classmates. It shows you are friendly and polite. Second, cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze. It can keep the germs away. Third, don’t run in the hallways. It’s dangerous and you may knock into others. Fourth, don’t talk with food in your mouth. It’s not polite and it’s bad for your health. Fifth, clean up your things after class. It makes our classroom tidy. If you follow these rules, you will be a student with good manners. Everyone likes to make friends with polite students. 1．How many good manners for students are mentioned in the passage? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 2．What should you do when you meet teachers? A．Say hello. B．Keep quiet. C．Run away. D．Laugh. 3．Which of the following is NOT good manners according to the passage? A．Cover your mouth when coughing. B．Run in the hallways. C．Clean up things after class. D．Don’t talk with food in your mouth. 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．How to keep healthy. B．Good manners for students. C．How to make friends. D．Ways to clean the classroom. 进阶拓展训练5篇 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容选择最佳答案。 In some countries, people greet each other by shaking hands. In others, they bow, hug, or even kiss on the cheek. These different ways of greeting show how cultures can be very different from one another. When Mark, an American student, went to study in Japan, he learned a lot about Japanese greetings. On his first day at school, he put out his hand to shake with his Japanese teacher. The teacher looked surprised and then gently took Mark’s hand and shook it. Later, Mark’s friend Yuki told him that in Japan, people usually bow instead of shaking hands. Bowing shows respect. The deeper the bow, the more respect you show. Mark also learned that in Japan, it is impolite to hug or kiss someone you have just met. Personal space is very important. After staying in Japan for a few months, Mark got used to bowing. When he returned to the United States, he bowed to his American friend by accident. His friend laughed and said, “We shake hands here, remember?” Now Mark understands that when you visit a different country, it’s important to learn about their greeting customs. This helps you avoid embarrassing moments and shows respect to the local people. 1．What did Mark try to do on his first day at school in Japan? A．He bowed to the teacher. B．He hugged the teacher. C．He shook hands with the teacher. D．He kissed the teacher on the cheek. 2．According to the passage, what does bowing show in Japan? A．Fear. B．Respect. C．Friendship. D．Surprise. 3．Why did Mark’s Japanese teacher look surprised? A．Because Mark was late for class. B．Because Mark didn’t say hello. C．Because Mark tried to shake hands. D．Because Mark bowed too deeply. 4．What happened when Mark returned to the United States? A．He forgot how to shake hands. B．He bowed to his American friend by accident. C．His American friend got angry. D．He decided to stay in Japan forever. 5．What is the main idea of this passage? A．Greeting customs are the same all over the world. B．It is important to learn about greeting customs when visiting another country. C．Shaking hands is the best way to greet people. D．Japanese people never shake hands. Our world is a colourful collection of unique habits and customs. What seems normal in one place can be very strange in another. Let’s look at three interesting examples from different cultures. In Nicaragua, it is common to point with the lips instead of the thumb or index finger. Wondering exactly how a person points with their lips? It all starts with puckering up (撅起). They direct their lips forward or to the side to indicate what they want to draw attention to. People do this because pointing with fingers is often seen as rude. Using lips is a more polite way to show something. In many countries, cemeteries (墓地) are often seen as scary places. But in Denmark, this is not really true. People in Denmark turn cemeteries into friendly social places, which is a rather practical way to use space.     Cemeteries in Denmark are always kept very clean and beautiful. When it gets warmer, many local people gather there to enjoy themselves. Plus, you’ll be hanging out in great company as many famous Danes are buried here, including Hans Christian Andersen. In Greece, there is a special symbolic wedding tradition—people make a spitting sound near the bride to ward off bad luck. This practice was popularized thanks to the 2002 film, My Big Fat Greek Wedding. In Greek culture, the act of spitting is seen as a way to bring good luck and keep bad luck away. But don’t worry — today people never actually spit. Instead, they just say “ftou, ftou, ftou” loudly, as a symbol of good wishes. People also do this on other special occasions. If you hear someone speaking of misfortune and misery, say “ftou, ftou, ftou” to keep the same misfortune and misery away from you and your loved ones. 1．People in Nicaragua often point with their lips because ______. A．it is faster than using fingers B．it is a rule set by the government C．their hands are often busy with work D．they think it’s a more polite way to point 2．How do people in Denmark view and use their cemeteries? A．As spaces for social activities. B．As museums for traditional art. C．As places for large public festivals. D．As chances to learn about famous figures. 3．What do the three customs have in common? A．They all seem strange to outsiders. B．They are all from African countries. C．They are all about using body language. D．They all take place during important events. 4．Where would you most likely find this article? A．In a news report. B．In a culture blog. C．In a science magazine. D．In a study on children’s education. When you have dinner at a friend’s home in America, you should remember the table manners. Don’t circle your plate with your arms. If you do so, everyone at the table will think, “Is there anything wrong with the food?” This may give a wrong message. They may think you don’t like the food or something like that. When you finish the dinner, don’t lean (倚靠) back and say “I’m full”. Just put the fork and knife across the plate. Don’t cut up everything before you start to eat. Cut only one or two pieces once. If you do like this, they will think it’s impolite. Never take a big mouthful of (一大口) anything or eat noisily. Do you want to show how hungry you are? Don’t do that. It’s not so good. It’s never good to reach across the table for anything. If the food is not at hand, you can ask the nearest person for help, like “Mrs. Smith, could you pass me the dish?” Do not leave your seat without saying anything. If you need to leave the table to go to the washroom or do something else, you should say “Excuse me for a moment, please”. If you don’t know whether or not it’s polite, just do as other people do. 1．If you are at the table and circle your plate with your arms, other people will think ________. A．you don’t like the food B．the food isn’t good for you C．there is something wrong with the food D．all above 2．After finishing dinner, you should ________. A．put the fork and knife across the plate B．stand up and leave the table C．say “I’m full” D．say “Thank you” 3．If you want a dish far from you at the table, you should ________. A．stand up and reach across the table for it B．leave your seat to get it C．sit there until others help you D．ask the nearest person for help 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．You can eat noisily to show you like the food. B．It’s not good to cut up everything before you start to eat. C．When you want to leave the table, you can go without saying anything. D．You can keep silent if you don’t know what to do at table. 5．The text mainly tells us ________. A．the eating habits of Americans B．the table manners of America C．how to eat healthily in America D．what Americans like to eat When we travel to other countries, it is very important to know about the local manners. Different countries have different ways to be polite. In Japan, people usually bow to each other when they meet. The bow is not just a quick nod. The more respect you want to show, the deeper you should bow. When you give a gift to a Japanese friend, you should use both hands. It is also polite to take off your shoes before you go into a Japanese family’s house. In Germany, people are very serious about being on time. If you have a meeting with someone at 3 o’clock, you must arrive exactly at 3 o’clock. Being even 5 minutes late is very impolite. When you eat in a restaurant, it is polite to finish all the food on your plate. This shows that you enjoy the meal very much. In Brazil, people are very friendly. They often greet each other with a big hug, even for people they just meet. When you talk with a Brazilian, you should stand close to them. It is not polite to keep a long distance between you and them. All in all, learning about different manners can help us have a nice trip in other countries. Just remember the old saying: “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” 1．What is the main idea of this passage? A．How to travel to different countries. B．Different manners in different countries. C．The famous saying “When in Rome, do as the Romans do”. D．How to give gifts to foreign friends. 2．What does the underlined word “exactly” mean? A．Without any mistake B．More or less C．Ahead of time D．Behind time 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．In Japan, you should use one hand to give a gift. B．In Germany, being 5 minutes late for a meeting is polite. C．In Brazil, people greet each other with a handshake. D．In Germany, finishing all the food on your plate is polite. 4．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to be polite in our daily life. B．To ask us to travel to different countries. C．To help us know about local manners when travelling. D．To show us the importance of learning English. I am really enjoying my trip to the UK! Staying with Aunt Mary has been great fun. Yesterday, I learnt a lot about manners here. It was Aunt Mary’s birthday yesterday so we went to a very famous restaurant in London. Aunt Mary told me to wear smart clothes and shoes, because the restaurant had a “dress code”. That means you can only eat there if you are wearing smart clothes! The restaurant is one of the most popular in London, so we had to queue for about ten minutes. British people do not mind standing in queues. The menu was in French, not English! However, the waiter was very polite and friendly. He told me what the dishes were and helped me choose something. There were three different types of knives and forks to eat with. You must start with the knife and fork from the outside first. After the main course (主菜), we also enjoyed some dessert which is a kind of sweet food eaten at the end of a meal, such as pudding, ice-cream, pancake and so on. When we finished, we put the knife and fork next to each other in the middle of the plate. The food was very delicious. After the meal, Uncle John paid for the meal and left the waiter a “tip”. This is some extra money for good service. It was such a treat to visit such an expensive restaurant. I am very lucky! Manners here can be very different from those at home. However, I know that not every restaurant in the UK is like that. You may see people eating with hands in some fast food restaurants. 1．Why did Uncle John leave the waiter a “tip”? A．Because he was rich. B．Because the waiter was so poor. C．Because giving a tip is a custom in the UK. D．Because the waiter offered good service. 2．Which of the following shows the right order of using the table settings (餐具) in the British restaurant? A．Dessert Spoon—Teaspoon—Soup Spoon B．Salad Fork—Dinner Knife—Dessert Spoon C．Dessert Fork—Salad Knife—Soup Spoon D．Salad Fork—Dessert Fork—Dinner Fork 3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The waiter helped the writer order the dishes. B．The menus in the UK were all written in French. C．The writer didn’t enjoy the meal, though it was expensive. D．People should wear smart clothes while eating in every British restaurant. 能力综合实践5篇 If you live in a big city, there are many things to drive you crazy in your life. Vicky Zhao is working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can’t put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalators (自动扶梯) in subway stations. “Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn’t a place to rest,” the 24-year-old woman says. “I often see tourists block the way with their cases or chat on the escalators during rush hour. It always annoys me.” The logic (逻辑) behind the “stand right, walk left” escalator etiquette seems obvious. You should leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train. Many countries’ and cities’ escalators use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (Australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) But people who stand on the left side of the escalators protect themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. In a recent story about escalator etiquette, a reporter quotes (引用) one passenger as saying, “If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? Even when the escalator is very full and there’s nowhere to move, I see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.” Whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place where you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always think of others: leave enough space between each other and don’t remain at the end of the escalators, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough. 1．The escalators are used to ________ according to the passage. A．help people carry their suitcases B．provide a place to rest C．help people move faster and save time D．catch the train in time 2．In the second paragraph, the underlined word “It” refers to ________. A．the author’s living in the big city of Hong Kong B．being crowded on the subway trains in rush hour C．people’s blocking the way or chatting on the escalators D．people’s standing on the right side resting 3．Vicky Zhao can’t stand ________. A．working for long in Hong Kong B．the logic behind the escalator etiquette C．people fighting on the escalators D．people blocking the way on the escalators 4．Which of the following statements is the writer’s opinion? A．People should stand right no matter where they are. B．People should do as the Romans do (入乡随俗) and consider others. C．People should do as they like on the escalators. D．People should be seriously criticized (批评、指责) when they block the way. 5．From the passage we know that we should ________ on the escalators. A．stay at the end B．annoy others C．always say “excuse me” to others D．leave enough space between each other An American woman living in Wisconsin (威斯康星州) offered to teach English to a Japanese woman who had moved into the same community. “Before each lesson, and on each and every visit,” the American reported, “the Japanese lady brought me a gift—a book, some paper sculpture, flowers, or candy. It was embarrassing (令人尴尬的).”    Unknowingly, this American was experiencing (体验) a part of protocol (社交礼仪) rooted centuries deep in the Japanese culture.     In America, valuable gifts are surely out. An proper (适宜的) behavior on a gift is to take the person to dinner, or to an entertainment or a sporting event. On the contrary (相反), gift-giving is a custom in Japan. According to Business Tokyo magazine, among the Japanese “gift-giving is a necessity, not only a small thing as in the West”. In Japan the proper gift is thought to express the giver’s true friendship, gratitude, and respect far better than words can. So if you plan to visit Japan or to have Japanese visit you here, be prepared. So you know gift-giving plays a very important role in nowadays society. Now let’s see what happens in other countries. Australia is known for its kindness and honesty. So proper gifts, such as a business diary, a paperweight, or a coffee cup might be presented as a memento (纪念品) of a business meeting. At a trade show, T-shirts, ties, baseball caps, or a pin may be proper mementos. Anything more than these types of gifts could cause embarrassment. 1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the first paragraph? A．The gifts were so small and poor. B．The Japanese woman was not good at learning English. C．She didn’t know how to teach the Japanese woman. D．The Japanese woman brought gifts on each and every visit. 2．Which of the following can NOT be presented as a memento of a business meeting in Australia? A．A business diary. B．A coffee cup. C．A gold watch. D．A paperweight. 3．Which country is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．The USA． B．Japan. C．China. D．Australia. 4．What may the passage talk about in the following paragraphs? A．Why the Australians are kind and honest? B．What’s the difference between America and Australia? C．What happens in other countries about gift giving? D．How an Australian should behave (行为) in America? 5．What does the passage show? A．People should give some valuable gifts when going to different countries. B．Gift-giving is an important kind of protocol nowadays. C．Bringing gifts often makes giver. D．An expensive gift will make an Australian angry. China has long been known as a nation of rites (礼仪之邦). Chinese people behave politely on any formal occasion, whether it is a wedding ceremony, a celebration party, or a banquet (宴席). The following basic Chinese table manners will help you generally master Chinese dinner manners. One clear difference between Western and Eastern dining habits is portion (一份) size. While meals in Western restaurants are sized for individuals (个人), dishes offered in Chinese restaurants are meant to be shared. As such, food either comes in bite-sized pieces, or is prepared in a way that makes it easy to portion (分配) while being served to you on large plates. As meals are shared, one may care about the degree of sanitation (卫生). It’s common to find communal chopsticks (公筷) placed with each dish. It is good manners to use the communal utensils in a public setting. You may also notice that tables, especially those in larger dining rooms, are round and have a lazy Susan (more commonly known as “that rotating (旋转的) table on top of your table”). Besides efficiency (效率) purposes, circular tables stand for important meaning in Chinese culture. It means unity (团结) and presents dining as an event where family members get together. Before you spin the turntable to get to that delicious piece of duck, make sure that no one else is reaching for food! It’s impolite to spin the table just as someone is trying to pick up some food. As mentioned above, Chinese restaurants often use round tables. In Western cultures, the host or the eldest family member often sits at the head of a long table. But what happens when the table is round? As a round table, the seat of honor (首位) is the one facing the door. The closer you are sitting next to that seat, the more important you are. In a setting where there is no doorway—outdoor dining, for example—the seat of honor would be the one facing east. In a banquet environment, the table of honor is usually the one sitting farthest away from the door. The time at which the dining begins depends on the presence of party members. The suitable time to dig in is after the guest of honor, or the eldest member of the group, is seated and has begun their meal. Sometimes they will mean the start of a meal, by saying “吃吧” which means “Please eat”. 1．What should we do if we have meals in a public setting? A．Bring your own chopsticks from home. B．Use communal chopsticks to get food. C．Use your own chopsticks to share food. D．Share the food with others’ chopsticks. 2．What does the underlined word “spin” in the passage mean? A．turn something around B．pull something nearer C．pick something up D．move something away 3．What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．Why the table is round? B．How can you find a seat? C．Which is the honor seat? D．Who is the most important? 4．How does the writer organize the article? A．In time order. B．From specific to general. C．In space order. D．From general to specific. Some Chinese Table Manners The Chinese developed delicious dishes and regard food as the most important thing in their life. The Chinese do not greet each other with “How are you?” but instead they ask, “Have you eaten?” As the part of Chinese cooking culture, Chinese table manners are still followed today. Eating Etiquette in China Here are some rules on eating etiquette in China： ①Don’t start eating until the host gives a sign (示意) to start. ②When the dishes are served, you need to wait for the elders, leaders and guests to try the dishes first. ③Try to choose dishes that are close to you. If someone else is serving the food, don’t put your hand over that person’s hand to pick up food. ④Never fill your plate to the maximum (最大量). Etiquette in Using Chopsticks The use of chopsticks is a must in Chinese cuisine. Here some rules： ①Chopsticks should not be inserted into (插入) the rice. ②Don’t play with your chopsticks such as using the chopsticks to beat your bowls or shake your chopsticks around in the air. ③Pointing at people with your chopsticks is very impolite. ④Try to hold your chopsticks and do not let them fall to the ground. ⑤Pick up the bowl of rice and lift the rice into your mouth with the chopsticks. Do not make any noise when eating the food. ⑥The spoon should not be used at the same time as the chopsticks. 1．What does the word “Etiquette” mean? A．法律 B．礼仪 C．制度 D．风俗 2．Chinese table manners ________. A．are the most important in life B．are not followed now C．and western table manners are the same D．are the part of Chinese cooking culture 3．We may read this passage from ________. A．a science newspaper B．a website for selling food C．a magazine about Chinese culture D．a video (视频) about cooking skills 4．Which is not mentioned (提及) according to the passage? A．How the Chinese greet each other. B．Rules about using chopsticks. C．Chinese drinking etiquette. D．Chinese eating etiquette. 5．We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________. A．the Chinese respect (尊重) the elders B．it is impolite to point at people with your chopsticks C．chopsticks should not be inserted into (插入) the rice D．it’s difficult to learn to use chopsticks People in different countries have different ways of doing things. Something that is polite in one country may be quite impolite in another. In Britain, you mustn’t lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some soup. But it’s different in China. And in Japan you even needn’t worry about making a noise when you have noodles. It shows that you enjoy it. However, making a noise is a bad manners (举止) in Britain. If you are a visitor in Mongolia (蒙古), What manners do they wish you to have? They wish you to give a loud “burp” (打嗝) after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like the food. In Britain, you should try not to put your hands on the table when you’re having a meal. In Mexico (墨西哥), however, they hope you keep the hands on the table during the meal. But Arabians (阿拉伯人) think you must be very careful with your hands. You mustn’t eat with your left hands. Arabians think it’s very bad manners. So, what should you do if you visit another country? “When in Roman, do as the Romans do.” That means you can just watch carefully and follow them. 1．It’s not polite to lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having some soup in . A．China B．Britain C．Japan D．Mexico 2．In Mongolia, burping after eating shows that . A．you are impolite B．you are hungry C．you like the food D．you don’t like the food 3．In, you mustn’t eat with your left hands. A．Britain B．China C．Mexico D．Arabian countries 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Different countries have different table manners. B．Table manners in Britain. C．How to be polite at home. D．Don’t worry about making a noise when you have meals. 5．What should we do in different countries? A．Where there is a will, there is a way. B．Two heads are better than one. C．When in Roman, do as the Romans do. D．Better late than never. 16 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 17 同步新教材，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $