Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Grammar and Usage 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

Grammar and usage - V-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Step 1: Lead-in Watch a video to review the usages of non-infinitive(非谓语动词） Step 1: Lead-in The Best Time to Grow Every morning, you have a new chance to rebuild yourself. Don’t be afraid to face difficulties standing in your way. Challenges waiting for you are not barriers, but chances to improve. Facing heavy pressure and tiring daily tasks, you may feel tired and confused sometimes. Discouraged by temporary failures, many people choose to give up halfway. Yet those determined minds never stop moving forward. 状语 定语 Step 1: Lead-in You don’t need great power to start your journey. All you need is a heart full of hope and courage to keep going. Working hard today will light up your future. Once completed, your efforts will never fail you. Believing in yourself is the first step to success. Don’t allow yourself to regret the time wasted in the past. Keep moving, and you will become a better person desired by yourself. The future is bright for everyone striving for their dreams. Just keep on walking, and everything you expect will come. 状语 定语 Great discoveries can come from unlikely sources. Penicillin is widely considered to be one of the most important medical discoveries in history, but it was not what Alexander Fleming was looking for when he found it in September 1928. Fleming, a scientist from Scotland, returned to his laboratory after a holiday and found some mould on one of his plates of bacteria. He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead. Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria. He was aware that it could be very useful for treating wounds. For more than 10 years, Fleming had been researching penicillin and trying to make it into an effective medicine. Finally, his work caught the attention of some other scientists who were able to do it. Since its mass production began in the 1940s, penicillin has saved millions of lives. One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth. He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.” Verb-ed forms as attributives something produced by the mould Verb-ed forms as adverbials Verb-ed forms as object complements the prepared mind Surprised by this get its mass production started Step 2: Explore the rules • The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb, indicating a(n) (1) ________ (active/passive) meaning. • The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun or pronoun. It modifies the noun or pronoun like a(n) (2) _____________ (relative clause/adverbial clause). • The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement. passive relative clause Verb-ed forms as attributives something produced by the mould Verb-ed forms as adverbials Verb-ed forms as object complements the prepared mind Surprised by this get its mass production started 1. Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu studied medicine at university in Beijing between 1951 and 1955. 2. Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 3. Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem. adverbial adverbial object complement Step 3: Explore the usages This is a letter (write)in blue ink. 这是一封用蓝墨水写的信 P1: Verb-ed forms as attributives written P2:Verb-ed forms as adverbials (praise)in class, Anne felt happy. 在课堂上受到了表扬，安妮感到高兴。 Praised 被动+完成 被动+完成 P3:Verb-ed forms as object complements I heard the song (sing)in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 sung  被动+完成 The book ______ (write)by Mo Yan is very popular. The boy ______ (write)a book under the tree is our monitor. I am waiting anxiously for a new book ______ (write) by Mo Yan next year. written writing to be written V-ed:被动+完成 V-ing:主动+进行 To do: 将要完成 （主动/被动） Step 4: Compare the different usages V–ed used as the Attributive V–ing used as the Attributive To do used as the Attributive 1.________ (protect) the wild animals, many students take part in volunteer activities. 2.________ (protect) the wild animals well, the volunteers gain great respect. 3.________ (protect) from danger, the little animals live safely in the forest. To protect Protecting Protected V–ed used as the Adverbial V–ing used as the Adverbial To do used as the Adverbial 目的状语 主动+进行 被动+完成 1.The teacher told the student ________ (clean) right now. 2.We saw the student ________ (clean) the classroom at that moment. 3.We found the classroom ________ (clean)already. cleaned to clean cleaning V–ed used as the object complements V–ing used as the object complements To do used as the object complements 将要完成 主动+进行 被动+完成 1. The houses ________ (build) in the traditional style were pulled down. 2. I have an important meeting _________ (attend) in the afternoon. 3. The professor sat in the front of the hall, ___________ (prepare) for the lecture. 4. The ________ (injure) man was rushed to hospital at once. 5. His brother had his glasses ________ (break) when playing basketball. built to attend preparing injured broken Step 5: Consolidate the usages 6. Do you know the number of people ________ (come) to the party? 7. ________ (leave) alone in the large house, the little boy had to learn to survive by himself. 8. The speech, ________ (give) by the headmaster last Sunday, left a deep impression on me. 9. The book, __________ (write) in 1968, tells the struggle of the miners (矿工). 10. ________ (move) by what Mr. Smith said, the girl made up her mind to help those in need. coming Left given written Moved Henry is reading an article about Franklin's kite experiment. Complete the article below with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing forms. Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist, writer, printer, inventor and politician. As a scientist, he was well known for his kite experiment. The story goes like this: Franklin had found lightning (1)__________ (interest) for years, believing it was actually electricity. He designed an experiment to prove his theory. He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth. (2)________ (know) it was too dangerous to hold the wet line, Franklin held a silk ribbon (3)____ (tie) to the end of it. P49 B2 interesting Knowing tied object complement adverbial attributive He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity would not go through his body. Then he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined. When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key. (4)___________ (conduct) on a stormy day in 1752, his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity. Franklin had his theory (5)_________ (accept) by many people. However, some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment, (6)_________ (argue) that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. Whatever the truth, Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity. Conducted accepted arguing adverbial object complement adverbial Rewrite the following sentences using verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials or object complements. P49B1 1. The scientist who has been highly praised won an award. __________________________________________________________ 2. The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting. __________________________________________________________ 3. The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine. __________________________________________________________ 4. The scientist found that the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed. __________________________________________________________ 5. Once this report is finished, it will be very useful for future research. __________________________________________________________ The highly praised scientist won an award. The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting. Treated with the new medicine, the patients soon recovered. The scientist found the equipment in the laboratory destroyed. Once finished, this report will be very useful for future research. attributive attributive adverbial object complement adverbial Step 6: Practising the usages comprehensively I've recently discovered that I have a second personality when I speak English, 1.___________ (compare) with the original me when I speak Chinese. 2.__________ (speak) English brings out a more outgoing, 3.________ (relax) and confident side of me. I am also more open to physical expressions when speaking English. I have to say I love this new version of me better. compared Speaking relaxed Similar things happened to my friend when we were traveling in Germany. My friend, a Chinese 4.__________ (speak) fluent German, showed a more serious attitude when 5.________ (use) German. So learning a new language is really worthwhile. It can make ourselves fully 6.___________ (understand) and explore the different sides of us. speaking using understood $