抢分05 阅读理解C篇（说明文为主）（抢分专练）（北京专用）2026年中考英语终极冲刺讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦北京中考阅读理解C篇，以“考情-技巧-特训”为逻辑链，系统提炼四步解题法，融合语言能力与思维品质考查。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |解题技巧|4个核心方法|先题后文定位、分段标记、先易后难、通读验证|从题干关键词切入，建立“问题-文本”对应逻辑，提升信息获取效率| |特训文章|10篇（含科普、社会现象等）|覆盖细节理解、推理判断等题型|以考情分析（主题多元、跨学科融合）为基础，通过典例强化主旨概括与逻辑推理能力，渗透文化意识|

抢分05 阅读理解C篇 （北京专用） 抢分预测 抢分秘籍 抢分特训 3 年考情 抢分依据 命题预测 2025 2024 2023 1. 语篇主题多元，贴近学生生活与真实场景： 近 3 年真题涵盖校园生活、个人成长、科普知识、文化习俗、社会热点等主题，语篇类型以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，语言难度贴合初中生认知，强调信息获取与理解的实用性。 2. 价值导向鲜明，渗透核心素养考查： 语篇常隐含 “立德树人” 导向，如弘扬传统文化、倡导环保意识、传递团队合作精神、鼓励青少年责任担当，在考查语言能力的同时，引导学生形成正确的价值观与文化自信。 3. 跨学科融合与思辨能力考查凸显： 部分语篇结合科学知识（如自然现象、环保技术）、社会现象分析（如数字生活、健康话题），题型设置不再局限于细节查找，更注重逻辑推理、主旨概括、观点态度判断等高阶思维能力。 4. 题型稳定，梯度清晰，侧重语用能力： 题型以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题为主，细节题占比约 50%，为基础送分题；推理、主旨题占比约 40%，为拉分题；词义猜测题占比约 10%，侧重语境推断，整体难度由易到难，区分度明显。 1. 社会热点与本土文化结合： 结合北京特色：城市发展（如古都文化保护、科技场馆建设）、科技应用（如智慧生活、绿色出行）； 传统文化：非遗技艺、传统节日习俗、北京历史文化相关话题； 社会议题：青少年健康、低碳环保、志愿服务、网络文明。 2. 预测 2026 年语篇与题型方向： ・记叙文：校园成长故事、社会实践经历、文化体验感悟，侧重情感与主旨理解； ・说明文：科普知识（如自然、环保）、社会现象介绍，侧重细节查找与推理； ・应用文：活动通知、海报、书信、公众号推文，侧重信息定位与实用理解； ・题型趋势：推理判断题、主旨大意题占比略有提升，更注重语篇整体把握与逻辑分析。 阅读理解解题技巧 一、先题后文，带着问题读文章： 先看题干，圈出关键词，带着问题读文章，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 二、分段定位，边读边标记： 读文章时，在题干对应的信息处划线标记，方便后续比对选项。 三、先易后难，跳过难题不纠结： 先做细节题、词义猜测题，再做推理、主旨题，难题可先标记，做完其他题后再回头分析。 四、通读检查，验证答案： 做完后快速通读文章，检查答案是否符合全文逻辑与情感导向，避免因局部信息误解选错。 Passage 1 Children are born with the curiosity to explore. Yet over time they are becoming less curious about science. Why? This loss of interest may be partly the result of language cues (提示) children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from school teachers who treat science as an identity rather than actions. When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today” or “You’re such a good scientist”. But this kind of identity-focused language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than activities and actions that people do, can be demoralizing for young children— in other words, it can lower their confidence and make them less willing to engage in science activities. One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.” One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don’t share that identity, they lose interest in an activity designed for “scientists.” This stereotypical (刻板印象的) belief that science is reserved (保留) for only certain kinds of people emerges surprisingly early. By the first grade, when asked to draw a scientist, children tend to draw a white man. The good news is that language cues can also be directed to promote engagement with science. Describing science as actions that we take, for example, seems to protect young children’s interest in science over time. But it’s also true that teenagers are actively trying on and ultimately (最终) forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demoralizing effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In another study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. Consequently, adults had better use different language cues for children of different age groups to maintain their curiosity about science. 1. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. unnecessary B. impolite C. discouraging D. unfair 2. Why was action-focused language especially effective for young girls? A. Because it avoids identity conflict in girls’ minds. B. Because stereotypical belief is reserved for girls. C. Because it enhances girls’ engagement in science. D. Because it shows the activity is designed for girls. 3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. Why Is Action Better than Identity? B. How Do Parents Raise Young Scientists? C. How Does Age Affect Science Learning? D. What Affects Children’s Interest in Science? Passage 2 “Five more minutes” is the first thought of many people when their alarms ring in the morning. This first thought is usually followed by hitting the snooze button and falling back asleep for a few more moments. Hitting the snooze button has become a habit for millions of people, but it is time to examine this habit and develop new habits for feeling more rested during the day. Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns (模式). Most people think if they are tired when they first wake up, they need more sleep. However, they are mistaken when they conclude that any sleep is good sleep. Sleeping is a process with different cycles. To feel fully rested, the body must go through all the sleep cycles. Falling back asleep after hitting the snooze button restarts the process, but when the alarm rings again several minutes later, the process is interrupted. The body has not gone through all the cycles, and this can cause the body to feel sleepy for the rest of the day. This sleepiness can affect memory, the ability to make choices, and performance at work or school. Sleepiness may also happen if the body’s biological rhythm (规律) is interrupted. People normally fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning because their rhythms are operating naturally. The rhythms are affected by repeated use of the snooze button, which can cause feelings of sleepiness during the day and an inability to fall asleep at night. Rather than depending on the snooze button, people need to consider developing different routines. The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room. Having to get out of bed to turn it off decreases the possibility of hitting the snooze button. Another choice, if your routine allows it, is to just reset the alarm. Setting your alarm for 30 minutes later will make the whole sleep process longer instead of always restarting it. However, it must be stressed that getting up 30 minutes later in the morning is not an excuse to stay up 30 minutes later the night before. Though a few extra minutes of sleep may seem to promise a better start to the day, hitting that snooze button creates an unhealthy sleep pattern. snooze button 4. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What unhealthy sleep patterns most people have. B. What people should do to feel fully rested in the daytime. C. Why people feel like going back to sleep after first waking up. D. Why a few minutes of sleep after first waking up causes bad effects. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Hitting the snooze button helps people fall asleep at night. B. People wake up because their biological rhythms are interrupted. C. Getting up several minutes later helps people feel more energetic. D. Putting the alarm a bit far from the bed helps form healthy sleep habits. 6. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Don’t Wake Up Late! B. Touch That Button! C. Snooze: An Unhealthy Sleep Pattern D. Snooze: A Good Way to Avoid Sleepiness Passage 3 We often help others out of care or kindness. But is helping always nice? In my research, I discovered that sometimes the help children provide to peers (同伴) can be harmful. Imagine that a classmate asks you for help on a word puzzle which you are good at. How will you help them? You could offer a hint (线索). This is called indirect help, which allows your classmate to learn to work out the answers on their own. Maybe next time they’ ll not need help because they now know how to solve it. But you could also help by simply giving your classmate the correct answer. This is called direct help. It makes the task easier for your classmate, but it also takes away their chance to learn. They’ll still need help when they do a similar task again. In most cases, it is probably better to give indirect help because it helps others learn more in the long run. After all, indirect help teaches others to become better at something. It’s like an old saying: “Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” To test whether children give more indirect or direct help when they are helping their peers, my team did an experiment with children aged 7-9. In the experiment, they were told they were going to be quiz (测验) masters and help two peers take a quiz. They could either give indirect or direct help. The experimenter also told the children how their peers did on another quiz—one peer answered many questions incorrectly and the other answered many correctly. We wanted the children to think one peer was good at the quiz and the other one was not. This way, we could test if children give different kinds of help when they think others are good at something or struggle (挣扎) with it. And they did. The results, as can be seen from the bar chart (柱状图), showed that ________. So, if children help in this way, what will happen in the end? The difference in ability between struggling and non-struggling peers gets bigger. Also, getting more direct help might make peers feel worse about themselves, and other children might think they are less smart. Then, what can we do? One solution is to teach children about the different kinds of help and make sure they help in ways that are not harmful. That is why I wrote this article—the next time you offer to help someone, I hope you remember to give them the right kind of help! 7. What might happen to peers who receive more direct help? ①They might become unsure of themselves. ②They might choose more difficult tasks to do. ③Fewer children might help them with future challenges. ④Classmates might start to think less positively about them. A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ②④ 8. The results of the experiment, as can be seen from the bar chart, showed that ________. A. when children help peers, the likelihood of giving direct help is greater B. when children think peers don’t struggle, they’ll choose not to give direct help C. when children help struggling peers, they’ll give less indirect help than direct help D. when children think peers struggle, the possibility of giving direct help increases 9. What can we learn from the passage? A. Children are expected to offer more help to their struggling peers. B. Indirect help builds more lifelong skills in children than direct help, C. The kind of help children give depends heavily on peers’ intelligence, D. The experiment aims at teaching children to give indirect help to peers. Passage 4 An attractive picture, showing a spacecraft with a long robotic arm carrying out a task on the surface of the Moon, was shared on social media. It immediately attracted public attention and curiosity. People from all over the world wondered: how was this fantastic picture taken? The answer lies in a small but highly skilled photographer-an autonomous (自主的) intelligent mini robot weighing less than five kilograms. This mini robot was attached (固定在) to China’s Chang’e-6 lunar lander during its whole journey to the Moon. As a result, after the lander successfully completed its important task of collecting soil and rock samples (样本), the mini robot independently left the lander, carefully moved to a suitable location, and finally took the historic photo that surprised everyone. This little but special robot is the first of its kind in the whole world to operate autonomously on the far side of the Moon. It has strong abilities and a high level of artificial intelligence (AI), which makes it very smart. Meanwhile, with developed AI technologies, the robot can make its own decisions, much like human beings, and complete several tasks that are difficult or impossible in traditional ways. This ability is very important for working in the unknown environment of space. The environment on the far side of the Moon is very different from the near side that we can see from the Earth. While the near side is relatively smooth, the far side is covered with high mountains and deep craters (陨石坑). Therefore, to work safely in such challenging and even dangerous conditions, the mini robot was built with a strong “body”. Although it uses highly complex (复杂的) technology, scientists managed to develop it at a surprisingly low cost. Looking ahead, in the future, this type of intelligent robot is expected to appear in many different forms and help people in various ways. It could be used as an educational robot in classrooms or as a special tool to check narrow and dangerous spaces that are too risky for humans. Experts believe that AI will become a key technology in China’s future deep-space exploration tasks. The small but powerful robot has truly opened a new door for space exploration and scientific research. 10. Why is the mini robot considered “special”? A. It has a weight of more than five kilograms. B. It took the first picture of the Moon in history. C. It helped Chang’e-6 collect soil and rock samples. D. It was the first to work by itself on the Moon’s far side. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. AI helps the robot make its own decisions. B. The robot cost a lot because of complex technology. C. Scientists made the robot strong to work under smooth conditions. D. The robot took photos during the lunar lander’s journey to the Moon. 12. What is mentioned about the mini robot in the last paragraph? A. The future applications of the mini robot. B. The challenges of developing the mini robot. C. The present performance of the mini robot in tasks. D. The operation of the mini robot in space exploration. Passage 5 Every building you spend time in—schools, libraries, houses, movie theaters, and even your favorite ice cream shop—is the product of mathematical principles (原理) applied to design and construction. Have you ever wondered how they are created? Before construction workers can build a habitable structure, an architect has to design it. Geometry, algebra, and trigonometry all play a key role in it. Since ancient times, architects have used geometric principles to plan the shapes and spatial forms of buildings. In 300 B. C. , the Greek mathematician Euclid defined (下定义) a mathematical law of nature called the Golden Ratio (黄金比例). For more than two thousand years, architects have used this formula to design proportions (比例) in buildings that look pleasing to the human eye and feel balanced. We use the Greek letter φ (pronounced “phi”) to represent it. Imagine you have two numbers, a and b, where a is bigger than b. If you divide a by b, you get a ratio (a/b). Now, if you add a and b together, and then divide that sum by a, you get another ratio ((a+b)/a). If these two ratios are exactly the same number, then that number is the golden ratio! The Golden Ratio still serves as a basic geometric principle in architecture. You could even call it a timeless archetype (原型), as it reminds human beings of a universal sense of harmony when they see or stand in a building designed with this principle. Besides that, the Pythagorean theorem is also used extensively in designing and building structures, especially roofs. The Pythagorean theorem, formulated in the 6th century B. C. , states that in a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse (直角三角形的斜边) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Gable roofs, for example, are made by placing two right triangles together. The following specialized terms help to explain the triangle relationships in roof construction. The span is the length from the outside wall to the outside wall of a building. Because construction is often made up of multiple layers of wood, building plans often provide detailed descriptions to make clear where to begin or end measurements. The run is one-half the span. Units of run are typically based on 12 inches. Carpenters do not refer to the angle of a roof as 30° or 60°, but prefer to use the pitch of the roof. The pitch is a ratio of vertical (垂直的) to horizontal (水平的) measurements. If a plan calls for a 6/12 pitch roof, then the architect wants the slope of the roof to go up six inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. Carpenters prefer to use pitch in calculations instead of rise and run. The above basic principles in mathematics were widely used in ancient architecture. The pyramids of Egypt, constructed between 2700 B. C. and 1700 B. C. , are one of them. Do you know that most of the pyramids in Egypt were built and scaled at about a 51-degree angle. The Egyptians clearly and mysteriously possessed knowledge of geometry, as evidenced by the accuracy of pyramid construction. In the modern world, builders use math every day to do their work. Construction workers add, subtract, divide, multiply, and work with fractions. They measure the area, volume, length, and width. How much steel do they need for an office building? How much weight in books and furniture will the library floors need to bear? Even building a small single-family home calls for careful calculations of square footage, wall angles, roofs, and room sizes. Chances are you’re in a building right now. Imagine that you are an architect. How would you apply math to build a small house for your pet? 13. According to the passage, which of the following shows a Golden Ratio rectangle? A. B. C. D. 14. What can we learn from the passage? A. The accuracy of a construction depends on detailed descriptions of its plan. B. Ancient architects could hardly use geometric principles in building structure. C. Mathematical principles matter a lot to architecture and construction workers. D. Some specialized terms in maths help carpenters decide which calculation to use. 15. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Stepping into a Magic House B. Architecture through Mathematics C. Building a House on Your Own D. The Basic Principles in Architecture h Passage 6 Music is more than just entertainment. It is one of the most available and powerful ways to influence our mental state. Yet many people still fail to see its power. In fact, music can support mental health not only in clinical (临床的) settings, but also in our daily lives. We all know that music can influence our emotions. It can calm us down, cheer us up, or even make us cry. But recent research has shown that music can also change the content (内容) of our thoughts. In a study of University of Bergen, Norway in 2019, participants listened to uplifting or sad music as they daydreamed. The result showed uplifting music led to more positive and active thoughts, while sad music brought about calmer or less motivating ones. One Harvard University study finds that day dreaming takes up half of our waking hours. When we daydream, we are generally less happy. Why? Because during these daydreaming periods, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) takes over. This supports imagination, memory and reflection, but often gets us caught in repetitive, negative thought cycles: the painful regrets or the midnight worries. Fortunately, the brain has a natural counterpart (对应的事物): the executive network (EN), which helps us focus and carry out goal-directed actions. These two systems are anticorrelated—when one is active, the other quiets down. And music, especially when we are actively engaged (沉浸) in it, can shift brain activities controlled by the DMN into a mode supported by the EN. By tapping along with a beat, breathing with a rhythm, or humming a tune, we redirect attention, break negative thought cycles and give the mind a cognitive “reset”. In fact, the benefits go beyond changing the thought content. In a 2023 experiment, people who tapped along with music felt significantly less pain from a short pressure on the fingernail than those who only listened. The pairing of musical engagement and related movement could reduce the pain to a clinically important degree. All these findings show that musical engagement helps influence thought content and ease pain effectively. Therefore, music should be treated as more than a pastime: It deserves a place in schools, public health plans, and everyday routines. So when you are lost in negative thought cycles or stress begins to build, try your favorite song and tap along. 16. What does the writer mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A. How to discover the power of music. B. What to listen to while daydreaming. C. Brain networks controlled by daydreaming. D. Science of how music changes thoughts. 17. What can we learn from the passage? A. Active music participation reduces physical pain. B. Music makes DMN and EN work with each other. C. Daydreaming causes unhappiness in daily routines. D. Sad music makes people calmer and more relaxed. 18. What message does the writer mainly want to convey (传递)? A. Music helps pass time while we’re daydreaming. B. Musical engagement should be encouraged daily. C. Music activities change the structure of our brain. D. Listening to music improves imagination and memory. Passage 7 Imagine this: You turn to a workmate and say, “Could you make me a coffee, please?” They look at you and pause (停顿). A second passes. Maybe two. And then they say, “Sure.” How do you feel? Do you think they are happy to help you, or are they agreeing unwillingly? That’s the social meaning of pauses. Together with my team, I decided to study it more closely. In the first study, our team examined how listeners understand the length of pauses before an answer. We played short Polish (波兰语) conversations to Polish listeners, in which one person made a small request (请求), such as “Can you open the window, please?” Sometimes, the person replying was a Polish native (母语的) speaker; other times, a Chinese native speaker speaking Polish. The reply came either after a very short pause (0.2 seconds) or a longer pause (1.2 seconds). The results showed that, for native speakers, longer pauses were seen as a sign of lower willingness to help. When the same pauses came from non-native speakers, however, the people replying were judged as equally (同等的) willing, no matter how long the pauses were. Listeners seemed to understand the longer pause as the effort of working out an answer and speaking it out in a foreign language. When conversations focused on knowledge questions, such as “What was the first vegetable grown in space?”, long pauses were generally taken as a sign of lower knowledge and confidence rather than unwillingness to cooperate, no matter whether the speaker was native or non-native. But do people around the world understand pauses in the same way? In the second study, we ran the experiment with Chinese volunteers listening to conversations in Chinese spoken by either a native speaker or a Polish learner. The results showed that, for both requests and knowledge questions, the judgments of pauses were surprisingly similar across cultures. In an age of rapid digital communication and immediate replies, it’s interesting to realize how much we still depend on small timing signs to understand what others mean. The next time someone pauses before answering your request for coffee, you might think twice before supposing they’re unwilling. They could just be searching for the right words—or, of course, deciding how badly they want that coffee break. 19. What is the focus of the team’s studies? A. How people reply to a request. B. Why people pause during conversations. C. How people read pauses in conversations. D. Why people reply differently to a request. 20. In which situation is the person most likely to be seen as unwilling to cooperate? A. A student pauses before answering a math question. B. Someone pauses before stating a fact they are unsure about. C. Someone pauses before replying to a request in their native language. D. A native Chinese speaker pauses before answering a question in English. 21. What advice does the writer give about pauses in the last paragraph? A. Be careful when judging others by pauses. B. Take pauses as a sign of thoughtful answers. C. Understand pauses differently in different cultures. D. Be mindful of pausing to ensure better understanding. Passage 8 In our lively world, where there are crowds everywhere, there’s a group of people who prefer the quiet, less populated environments. But what is it that drives this preference? For some people who don’t like crowds, spending time alone brings peace and safety. Imagine standing in a busy market, with people moving and talking nonstop. The sensory input—all the sounds, smells, and the movements around them—can be difficult for these people to deal with. They often find comfort in calm spaces such as libraries, parks, or their bedrooms. In a crowded environment, it’s easy for them to get lost and forget about themselves. But they can focus on their thoughts and feelings when they’re alone. However, not all who avoid crowds do so out of choice. A recent study at a famous university found that some people experience great fear and anxiety (焦虑) in crowded places. Their hearts beat fast, they sweat (出汗), and they have a strong wish to get away. This condition influences how they behave in social situations. For these people, avoiding crowds is a necessary way to manage their anxiety. Interestingly, the study also showed that people who don’t like crowds aren’t necessarily unsociable. In fact, they often enjoy smaller, closer gatherings (聚会). Whether it’s a dinner with close friends or a family reunion, these smaller settings allow them to focus on the conversation, communicate with others, and build deeper relationships. Without the distractions (干扰) of a crowd, they can truly enjoy the company of their loved ones. For people who dislike crowds, dealing with social situations can be a challenge. However, there are ways to make these experiences more manageable. For example, they can choose to attend smaller, closer gatherings rather than large parties or events. They can also take breaks from social interactions when needed, stepping away to a quieter area to relax. Additionally, it’s important for these people to communicate their needs and preferences to others. By doing so, they can help others understand their dislike of crowds and find ways to meet their needs. Remember, everyone’s comfort levels and preferences are different. What might feel energizing to some can feel tiring to others. The key is empathy (共情), understanding, and respect for each other’s personal spaces and comfort zones. 22. What do we know about people who dislike crowds? A. They are in poor physical condition. B. They have little interest in social activities. C. They feel troubled by too much sensory input. D. They dislike building relationships with others. 23. How can people who dislike crowds manage social situations? A. By taking an active part in large events. B. By avoiding telling others their real feelings. C. By taking a break in a quieter area when necessary. D. By pushing themselves to talk with people all around. 24. What is the passage mainly about? A. People’s different choices in social situations. B. Reasons for crowd discomfort and ways to ease it. C. Problems in dealing with social situations and solutions. D. People’s different preferences for crowds and the reasons. Passage 9 Thinking Outside the Box What if, whenever we face any challenge, we stopped and asked, “what if?” What if we challenged the rules and started thinking outside the box? Thinking outside the box is a metaphor (隐喻) often used to describe different, or creative thinking. It shows up in simple things like using paper to make crafts— instead of just writing on them—for example. According to Fast Company, the term came into use in the 1970s. Management consultants (顾问) would give clients a 9-dot puzzle and ask them to connect the dots with only 4 lines. Naturally, this task requires some lateral thinking (跨界思维), so the consultants would encourage their clients to “think outside the box.” In this case, in order to come up with an innovative solution, they needed to look beyond the box and create something else. One thing stands out for us from this exercise. At first, you see a box. To draw those 4 lines, you have to first use up all the ways within the box. Only then can you realize that the problem is the box itself. You come to that realization after understanding the box and uncovering its limitations. To think outside the box is to fully understand the current situation—then challenge it. Thinking outside the box helps you to solve challenging problems. It allows you to look beyond a narrow view to find answers that would not exist otherwise. Thinking outside the box also forces you to widen your horizon. And when you widen your horizon, you become aware of opportunities. Diversity of experience, divergent thinking (发散思维), and a willingness to take risks encourages people to grow. Thinking small keeps us small. When we stay within our comfort zone, taking risks, growing, and challenging the norm all seem much more frightening. To become an effective leader, or a team member, think outside the box. Whatever you do, think twice: First in the box, then outside the box. Outside-the-box thinking often breaks the routines and may sound ridiculous (荒谬的). But without thinking outside the box, these people, like Thomas Edison, Isaac Newton, wouldn’t have changed the world in the way they did. Master the established rules of your craft, apply them and if they’re not bringing results, allow yourself to start thinking outside the box. You’ll be glad you did. 25. Which of the following is an example of the “lateral thinking”? A. Using a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. B. Buying milk at a grocery store. C. Taking an elevator to the office. D. Watching TV in the evening. 26. What does the sentence “Thinking small keeps us small.” mean in paragraph 5? A. Small thinking helps achieve big goals. B. Avoiding challenges and risks limits personal growth. C. Big thinking leads to unnecessary risks and problems. D. Small thinking is key to staying safe and comfortable. 27. What’s the main purpose in writing this passage? A. To discuss unusual methods. B. To criticize creative thinking. C. To explain ways to avoid risks. D. To encourage us to break routines. Passage 10 Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in the city, where poor air quality and noise pollution are common, and there is little chance to connect with nature. People may prefer going outdoors and enjoying the health benefits of being in nature. So, don’t be surprised that your doctor gives you a prescription (处方) for parks instead of pills. Nature prescribing, gaining its popularity recently, involves a doctor encouraging patients to spend time in nature as a health activity. The nature-based activities have developed as an effective healthcare treatment to improve people’s well-being. What are the nature prescriptions like? Well, doctors may give patients a variety of choices. Patients may choose direct exposure (接触) to nature, by using a natural space for running, walking, open-water swimming, or other physical activities. Other times, the exposure to nature might not be that obvious, such as biking along a path near a river on the way to work. Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects. For example, they can help build bird houses in forests, which provide a safe space for birds to live in and raise their young. Research into nature prescribing activities has found that participants experience both physical and mental health benefits. For example, nature-based activities can result in a reduction of blood pressure and better heart health. Besides, spending time in nature has been linked to lower levels of stress and anxiety. Not only that, an outdoor program in nature involving a group of people can also reduce feelings of loneliness among participants. Nature prescribing has been carried out successfully throughout the world. For example, in England, the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust runs the Blue Prescribing Project. The project provides opportunities for people with poor mental health in London to enjoy wetland environment. This has led to great improvement of their situation. However, there are still several challenges when nature prescribing is adapted to different settings. One major difficulty is the need to train qualified health providers who can organize effective activities, which takes time and requires money. Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs. 28. If patients want to take part in nature prescribing activities, they can ________. A. swim for hours in an indoor swimming pool B. plant trees in the local park near their houses C. paint birds and flowers at community libraries D. watch environmental protection programs on TV 29. What do you know about nature prescribing from the passage? A. It can never take the place of having medicine. B. It fails to benefit patients when carried out in London. C. It requires further development to meet different needs. D. It works much better for physical health than mental health. 30. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. From Indoors to Outdoors: An Active Way to Relax B. A Step into the Wild: The Time to Protect Our Planet C. A Trip Through Forests: A Chance to Enjoy the Beauty D. From Pills to Parks: The Influence of Nature on Health 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 抢分05 阅读理解C篇 （北京专用） 抢分预测 抢分秘籍 抢分特训 3 年考情 抢分依据 命题预测 2025 2024 2023 1. 语篇主题多元，贴近学生生活与真实场景： 近 3 年真题涵盖校园生活、个人成长、科普知识、文化习俗、社会热点等主题，语篇类型以记叙文、说明文、应用文为主，语言难度贴合初中生认知，强调信息获取与理解的实用性。 2. 价值导向鲜明，渗透核心素养考查： 语篇常隐含 “立德树人” 导向，如弘扬传统文化、倡导环保意识、传递团队合作精神、鼓励青少年责任担当，在考查语言能力的同时，引导学生形成正确的价值观与文化自信。 3. 跨学科融合与思辨能力考查凸显： 部分语篇结合科学知识（如自然现象、环保技术）、社会现象分析（如数字生活、健康话题），题型设置不再局限于细节查找，更注重逻辑推理、主旨概括、观点态度判断等高阶思维能力。 4. 题型稳定，梯度清晰，侧重语用能力： 题型以细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、词义猜测题为主，细节题占比约 50%，为基础送分题；推理、主旨题占比约 40%，为拉分题；词义猜测题占比约 10%，侧重语境推断，整体难度由易到难，区分度明显。 1. 社会热点与本土文化结合： 结合北京特色：城市发展（如古都文化保护、科技场馆建设）、科技应用（如智慧生活、绿色出行）； 传统文化：非遗技艺、传统节日习俗、北京历史文化相关话题； 社会议题：青少年健康、低碳环保、志愿服务、网络文明。 2. 预测 2026 年语篇与题型方向： ・记叙文：校园成长故事、社会实践经历、文化体验感悟，侧重情感与主旨理解； ・说明文：科普知识（如自然、环保）、社会现象介绍，侧重细节查找与推理； ・应用文：活动通知、海报、书信、公众号推文，侧重信息定位与实用理解； ・题型趋势：推理判断题、主旨大意题占比略有提升，更注重语篇整体把握与逻辑分析。 阅读理解解题技巧 一、先题后文，带着问题读文章： 先看题干，圈出关键词，带着问题读文章，避免盲目通读浪费时间。 二、分段定位，边读边标记： 读文章时，在题干对应的信息处划线标记，方便后续比对选项。 三、先易后难，跳过难题不纠结： 先做细节题、词义猜测题，再做推理、主旨题，难题可先标记，做完其他题后再回头分析。 四、通读检查，验证答案： 做完后快速通读文章，检查答案是否符合全文逻辑与情感导向，避免因局部信息误解选错。 Passage 1 Children are born with the curiosity to explore. Yet over time they are becoming less curious about science. Why? This loss of interest may be partly the result of language cues (提示) children hear. And these cues don’t come just from parents; they can also come from school teachers who treat science as an identity rather than actions. When talking to children, many adults might say things like “Let’s be scientists today” or “You’re such a good scientist”. But this kind of identity-focused language, which focuses on science as an identity rather than activities and actions that people do, can be demoralizing for young children— in other words, it can lower their confidence and make them less willing to engage in science activities. One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was “Let’s do science” rather than “Let’s be scientists.” One possibility is that when thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don’t share that identity, they lose interest in an activity designed for “scientists.” This stereotypical (刻板印象的) belief that science is reserved (保留) for only certain kinds of people emerges surprisingly early. By the first grade, when asked to draw a scientist, children tend to draw a white man. The good news is that language cues can also be directed to promote engagement with science. Describing science as actions that we take, for example, seems to protect young children’s interest in science over time. But it’s also true that teenagers are actively trying on and ultimately (最终) forming different identities for themselves. So in contrast to its demoralizing effects on young children, identity-focused language may help teens stay interested in science. In another study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. Consequently, adults had better use different language cues for children of different age groups to maintain their curiosity about science. 1. What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean? A. unnecessary B. impolite C. discouraging D. unfair 2. Why was action-focused language especially effective for young girls? A. Because it avoids identity conflict in girls’ minds. B. Because stereotypical belief is reserved for girls. C. Because it enhances girls’ engagement in science. D. Because it shows the activity is designed for girls. 3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. Why Is Action Better than Identity? B. How Do Parents Raise Young Scientists? C. How Does Age Affect Science Learning? D. What Affects Children’s Interest in Science? 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 【解析】本文探讨了语言提示对不同年龄段孩子科学兴趣的影响，指出应根据年龄差异使用合适的语言以维持孩子的好奇心。 1. 第二段指出：“this kind of identity-focused language...can be demoralizing for young children— in other words, it can lower their confidence and make them less willing to engage in science activities.”，破折号后的内容是对“demoralizing”的解释，即“降低自信、减少参与意愿”，与“discouraging”（令人气馁的）意思一致。 2. 第二段提到：“One study showed that children as young as four, especially girls, kept their interest longer when their cue to participate in science activities was ‘Let’s do science’ rather than ‘Let’s be scientists.’”，第三段进一步解释原因：“When thinking of a scientist, children might picture a white man. If they don't share that identity, they lose interest...”，说明女孩对“成为科学家”缺乏认同感，而“做科学”则避免了这种身份冲突，从而保持了兴趣。 3. 全文围绕“什么因素影响孩子对科学的兴趣”展开，因此，标题应概括这一核心问题。 Passage 2 “Five more minutes” is the first thought of many people when their alarms ring in the morning. This first thought is usually followed by hitting the snooze button and falling back asleep for a few more moments. Hitting the snooze button has become a habit for millions of people, but it is time to examine this habit and develop new habits for feeling more rested during the day. Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns (模式). Most people think if they are tired when they first wake up, they need more sleep. However, they are mistaken when they conclude that any sleep is good sleep. Sleeping is a process with different cycles. To feel fully rested, the body must go through all the sleep cycles. Falling back asleep after hitting the snooze button restarts the process, but when the alarm rings again several minutes later, the process is interrupted. The body has not gone through all the cycles, and this can cause the body to feel sleepy for the rest of the day. This sleepiness can affect memory, the ability to make choices, and performance at work or school. Sleepiness may also happen if the body’s biological rhythm (规律) is interrupted. People normally fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning because their rhythms are operating naturally. The rhythms are affected by repeated use of the snooze button, which can cause feelings of sleepiness during the day and an inability to fall asleep at night. Rather than depending on the snooze button, people need to consider developing different routines. The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room. Having to get out of bed to turn it off decreases the possibility of hitting the snooze button. Another choice, if your routine allows it, is to just reset the alarm. Setting your alarm for 30 minutes later will make the whole sleep process longer instead of always restarting it. However, it must be stressed that getting up 30 minutes later in the morning is not an excuse to stay up 30 minutes later the night before. Though a few extra minutes of sleep may seem to promise a better start to the day, hitting that snooze button creates an unhealthy sleep pattern. snooze button 4. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. What unhealthy sleep patterns most people have. B. What people should do to feel fully rested in the daytime. C. Why people feel like going back to sleep after first waking up. D. Why a few minutes of sleep after first waking up causes bad effects. 5. What can we learn from the passage? A. Hitting the snooze button helps people fall asleep at night. B. People wake up because their biological rhythms are interrupted. C. Getting up several minutes later helps people feel more energetic. D. Putting the alarm a bit far from the bed helps form healthy sleep habits. 6. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Don’t Wake Up Late! B. Touch That Button! C. Snooze: An Unhealthy Sleep Pattern D. Snooze: A Good Way to Avoid Sleepiness 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 【解析】本文介绍按掉闹钟赖床的习惯，分析其危害并给出养成健康作息的建议。 4. 第二段说明原因：“Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns.”，解释了醒来后再睡几分钟会带来不良影响的原因。 5. 第四段提出方法：“The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room.”，表明把闹钟放远有助于养成健康睡眠习惯。 6. 全文点明主旨：“hitting that snooze button creates an unhealthy sleep pattern.”，核心讲述赖床按钮是不健康的睡眠模式，最佳标题为“Snooze: An Unhealthy Sleep Pattern”。 Passage 3 We often help others out of care or kindness. But is helping always nice? In my research, I discovered that sometimes the help children provide to peers (同伴) can be harmful. Imagine that a classmate asks you for help on a word puzzle which you are good at. How will you help them? You could offer a hint (线索). This is called indirect help, which allows your classmate to learn to work out the answers on their own. Maybe next time they’ ll not need help because they now know how to solve it. But you could also help by simply giving your classmate the correct answer. This is called direct help. It makes the task easier for your classmate, but it also takes away their chance to learn. They’ll still need help when they do a similar task again. In most cases, it is probably better to give indirect help because it helps others learn more in the long run. After all, indirect help teaches others to become better at something. It’s like an old saying: “Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” To test whether children give more indirect or direct help when they are helping their peers, my team did an experiment with children aged 7-9. In the experiment, they were told they were going to be quiz (测验) masters and help two peers take a quiz. They could either give indirect or direct help. The experimenter also told the children how their peers did on another quiz—one peer answered many questions incorrectly and the other answered many correctly. We wanted the children to think one peer was good at the quiz and the other one was not. This way, we could test if children give different kinds of help when they think others are good at something or struggle (挣扎) with it. And they did. The results, as can be seen from the bar chart (柱状图), showed that ________. So, if children help in this way, what will happen in the end? The difference in ability between struggling and non-struggling peers gets bigger. Also, getting more direct help might make peers feel worse about themselves, and other children might think they are less smart. Then, what can we do? One solution is to teach children about the different kinds of help and make sure they help in ways that are not harmful. That is why I wrote this article—the next time you offer to help someone, I hope you remember to give them the right kind of help! 7. What might happen to peers who receive more direct help? ①They might become unsure of themselves. ②They might choose more difficult tasks to do. ③Fewer children might help them with future challenges. ④Classmates might start to think less positively about them. A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ②④ 8. The results of the experiment, as can be seen from the bar chart, showed that ________. A. when children help peers, the likelihood of giving direct help is greater B. when children think peers don’t struggle, they’ll choose not to give direct help C. when children help struggling peers, they’ll give less indirect help than direct help D. when children think peers struggle, the possibility of giving direct help increases 9. What can we learn from the passage? A. Children are expected to offer more help to their struggling peers. B. Indirect help builds more lifelong skills in children than direct help, C. The kind of help children give depends heavily on peers’ intelligence, D. The experiment aims at teaching children to give indirect help to peers. 【答案】7. C 8. D 9. B 【解析】本文探讨了“帮助他人是否总是有益”，通过实验说明直接帮助和间接帮助的差异，强调间接帮助更利于他人长期成长。 7. 细节理解题。根据“getting more direct help might make peers feel worse about themselves, and other children might think they are less smart”可知，接受更多直接帮助的同伴会自我怀疑（①），且同学会对他们有负面看法（④）。故选C。 8. 细节理解题。从柱状图看：当认为同伴“不挣扎”时，直接帮助占比28.8%；当认为同伴“挣扎”时，直接帮助占比47.3%。说明“当孩子认为同伴挣扎时，提供直接帮助的可能性会增加”。故选D。 9. 细节理解题。根据“indirect help helps others learn more in the long run…‘Teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime’”可知，间接帮助比直接帮助更能培养孩子的终身技能。故选B。 Passage 4 An attractive picture, showing a spacecraft with a long robotic arm carrying out a task on the surface of the Moon, was shared on social media. It immediately attracted public attention and curiosity. People from all over the world wondered: how was this fantastic picture taken? The answer lies in a small but highly skilled photographer-an autonomous (自主的) intelligent mini robot weighing less than five kilograms. This mini robot was attached (固定在) to China’s Chang’e-6 lunar lander during its whole journey to the Moon. As a result, after the lander successfully completed its important task of collecting soil and rock samples (样本), the mini robot independently left the lander, carefully moved to a suitable location, and finally took the historic photo that surprised everyone. This little but special robot is the first of its kind in the whole world to operate autonomously on the far side of the Moon. It has strong abilities and a high level of artificial intelligence (AI), which makes it very smart. Meanwhile, with developed AI technologies, the robot can make its own decisions, much like human beings, and complete several tasks that are difficult or impossible in traditional ways. This ability is very important for working in the unknown environment of space. The environment on the far side of the Moon is very different from the near side that we can see from the Earth. While the near side is relatively smooth, the far side is covered with high mountains and deep craters (陨石坑). Therefore, to work safely in such challenging and even dangerous conditions, the mini robot was built with a strong “body”. Although it uses highly complex (复杂的) technology, scientists managed to develop it at a surprisingly low cost. Looking ahead, in the future, this type of intelligent robot is expected to appear in many different forms and help people in various ways. It could be used as an educational robot in classrooms or as a special tool to check narrow and dangerous spaces that are too risky for humans. Experts believe that AI will become a key technology in China’s future deep-space exploration tasks. The small but powerful robot has truly opened a new door for space exploration and scientific research. 10. Why is the mini robot considered “special”? A. It has a weight of more than five kilograms. B. It took the first picture of the Moon in history. C. It helped Chang’e-6 collect soil and rock samples. D. It was the first to work by itself on the Moon’s far side. 11. What can we learn from the passage? A. AI helps the robot make its own decisions. B. The robot cost a lot because of complex technology. C. Scientists made the robot strong to work under smooth conditions. D. The robot took photos during the lunar lander’s journey to the Moon. 12. What is mentioned about the mini robot in the last paragraph? A. The future applications of the mini robot. B. The challenges of developing the mini robot. C. The present performance of the mini robot in tasks. D. The operation of the mini robot in space exploration. 【答案】10. D 11. A 12. A 【解析】本文主要介绍了我国嫦娥六号搭载的自主智能微型机器人首次在月球背面独立完成拍摄任务，其具备高度人工智能与强适应性，以较低成本实现复杂环境作业，未来将在教育、深空探测等多领域发挥重要作用。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“This little but special robot is the first of its kind in the whole world to operate autonomously on the far side of the Moon.”可知，迷你机器人的特殊之处是首个在月球背面自主工作的机器人。故选D。 11. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, with developed AI technologies, the robot can make its own decisions”可知，随着人工智能技术的发展，机器人可以自己做决定，选项A“人工智能帮助机器人自己做决定”表述正确。故选A。 12. 段落大意题。通读最后一段尤其是“Looking ahead, in the future, this type of intelligent robot is expected to appear in many different forms and help people in various ways…Experts believe that AI will become a key technology in China’s future deep-space exploration tasks. The small but powerful robot has truly opened a new door for space exploration and scientific research.”可知，该段主要介绍了该智能机器人在教育、危险环境检测等领域的应用前景，选项A“微型机器人的未来应用”与之相符。故选A。 Passage 5 Every building you spend time in—schools, libraries, houses, movie theaters, and even your favorite ice cream shop—is the product of mathematical principles (原理) applied to design and construction. Have you ever wondered how they are created? Before construction workers can build a habitable structure, an architect has to design it. Geometry, algebra, and trigonometry all play a key role in it. Since ancient times, architects have used geometric principles to plan the shapes and spatial forms of buildings. In 300 B. C. , the Greek mathematician Euclid defined (下定义) a mathematical law of nature called the Golden Ratio (黄金比例). For more than two thousand years, architects have used this formula to design proportions (比例) in buildings that look pleasing to the human eye and feel balanced. We use the Greek letter φ (pronounced “phi”) to represent it. Imagine you have two numbers, a and b, where a is bigger than b. If you divide a by b, you get a ratio (a/b). Now, if you add a and b together, and then divide that sum by a, you get another ratio ((a+b)/a). If these two ratios are exactly the same number, then that number is the golden ratio! The Golden Ratio still serves as a basic geometric principle in architecture. You could even call it a timeless archetype (原型), as it reminds human beings of a universal sense of harmony when they see or stand in a building designed with this principle. Besides that, the Pythagorean theorem is also used extensively in designing and building structures, especially roofs. The Pythagorean theorem, formulated in the 6th century B. C. , states that in a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse (直角三角形的斜边) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. Gable roofs, for example, are made by placing two right triangles together. The following specialized terms help to explain the triangle relationships in roof construction. The span is the length from the outside wall to the outside wall of a building. Because construction is often made up of multiple layers of wood, building plans often provide detailed descriptions to make clear where to begin or end measurements. The run is one-half the span. Units of run are typically based on 12 inches. Carpenters do not refer to the angle of a roof as 30° or 60°, but prefer to use the pitch of the roof. The pitch is a ratio of vertical (垂直的) to horizontal (水平的) measurements. If a plan calls for a 6/12 pitch roof, then the architect wants the slope of the roof to go up six inches for every 12 inches of horizontal run. Carpenters prefer to use pitch in calculations instead of rise and run. The above basic principles in mathematics were widely used in ancient architecture. The pyramids of Egypt, constructed between 2700 B. C. and 1700 B. C. , are one of them. Do you know that most of the pyramids in Egypt were built and scaled at about a 51-degree angle. The Egyptians clearly and mysteriously possessed knowledge of geometry, as evidenced by the accuracy of pyramid construction. In the modern world, builders use math every day to do their work. Construction workers add, subtract, divide, multiply, and work with fractions. They measure the area, volume, length, and width. How much steel do they need for an office building? How much weight in books and furniture will the library floors need to bear? Even building a small single-family home calls for careful calculations of square footage, wall angles, roofs, and room sizes. Chances are you’re in a building right now. Imagine that you are an architect. How would you apply math to build a small house for your pet? 13. According to the passage, which of the following shows a Golden Ratio rectangle? A. B. C. D. 14. What can we learn from the passage? A. The accuracy of a construction depends on detailed descriptions of its plan. B. Ancient architects could hardly use geometric principles in building structure. C. Mathematical principles matter a lot to architecture and construction workers. D. Some specialized terms in maths help carpenters decide which calculation to use. 15. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Stepping into a Magic House B. Architecture through Mathematics C. Building a House on Your Own D. The Basic Principles in Architecture 【答案】13. B 14. C 15. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了数学原理在建筑设计和建造中的应用，介绍了黄金比例、勾股定理等数学原理在建筑中的运用，还提及古代建筑和现代建筑中数学的应用情况，强调了数学原理对建筑和建筑工人的重要性。 13. 第三段提到“In 300 B.C., the Greek mathematician Euclid defined (下定义) a mathematical law of nature called the Golden Ratio (黄金比例). For more than two thousand years, architects have used this formula to design proportions (比例) in buildings that look pleasing to the human eye and feel balanced.”以及第四段“Imagine you have two numbers, a and b, where a is bigger than b. If you divide a by b, you get a ratio (a/b). Now, if you add a and b together, and then divide that sum by a, you get another ratio ((a+b)/a). If these two ratios are exactly the same number, then that number is the golden ratio!” ，这直接说明了黄金比例的计算方式，根据此计算方式可判断出B选项符合黄金比例矩形的特征。 14. 最后一段提到“In the modern world, builders use math every day to do their work. Construction workers add, subtract, divide, multiply, and work with fractions. They measure the area, volume, length, and width... Even building a small single-family home calls for careful calculations of square footage, wall angles, roofs, and room sizes.” ，结合前文对数学原理在建筑设计和建造中应用的阐述，说明数学原理对建筑和建筑工人来说非常重要。 15. 文章开篇指出“Every building you spend time in...is the product of mathematical principles (原理) applied to design and construction.”，接着围绕数学原理在建筑中的应用展开论述，B选项“Architecture through Mathematics”能很好地概括文章主旨，适合做标题。 Passage 6 Music is more than just entertainment. It is one of the most available and powerful ways to influence our mental state. Yet many people still fail to see its power. In fact, music can support mental health not only in clinical (临床的) settings, but also in our daily lives. We all know that music can influence our emotions. It can calm us down, cheer us up, or even make us cry. But recent research has shown that music can also change the content (内容) of our thoughts. In a study of University of Bergen, Norway in 2019, participants listened to uplifting or sad music as they daydreamed. The result showed uplifting music led to more positive and active thoughts, while sad music brought about calmer or less motivating ones. One Harvard University study finds that day dreaming takes up half of our waking hours. When we daydream, we are generally less happy. Why? Because during these daydreaming periods, the brain’s default mode network (DMN) takes over. This supports imagination, memory and reflection, but often gets us caught in repetitive, negative thought cycles: the painful regrets or the midnight worries. Fortunately, the brain has a natural counterpart (对应的事物): the executive network (EN), which helps us focus and carry out goal-directed actions. These two systems are anticorrelated—when one is active, the other quiets down. And music, especially when we are actively engaged (沉浸) in it, can shift brain activities controlled by the DMN into a mode supported by the EN. By tapping along with a beat, breathing with a rhythm, or humming a tune, we redirect attention, break negative thought cycles and give the mind a cognitive “reset”. In fact, the benefits go beyond changing the thought content. In a 2023 experiment, people who tapped along with music felt significantly less pain from a short pressure on the fingernail than those who only listened. The pairing of musical engagement and related movement could reduce the pain to a clinically important degree. All these findings show that musical engagement helps influence thought content and ease pain effectively. Therefore, music should be treated as more than a pastime: It deserves a place in schools, public health plans, and everyday routines. So when you are lost in negative thought cycles or stress begins to build, try your favorite song and tap along. 16. What does the writer mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? A. How to discover the power of music. B. What to listen to while daydreaming. C. Brain networks controlled by daydreaming. D. Science of how music changes thoughts. 17. What can we learn from the passage? A. Active music participation reduces physical pain. B. Music makes DMN and EN work with each other. C. Daydreaming causes unhappiness in daily routines. D. Sad music makes people calmer and more relaxed. 18. What message does the writer mainly want to convey (传递)? A. Music helps pass time while we’re daydreaming. B. Musical engagement should be encouraged daily. C. Music activities change the structure of our brain. D. Listening to music improves imagination and memory. 【答案】16. D 17. A 18. B 【解析】本文主要讲述音乐不仅是娱乐，更是影响心理状态的强大方式，能改变思维内容、缓解疼痛，应在学校、公共卫生计划和日常生活中占据一席之地。 16. 主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要介绍大脑中“默认模式网络”(DMN)和“执行网络”(EN)的关系，以及音乐如何将人的思维从消极的DMN切换到更加专注积极的EN，体现了“音乐如何改变人的思维”的科学原理，故选D。 17. 细节理解题。根据“In a 2023 experiment, people who tapped along with music felt significantly less pain from a short pressure on the fingernail than those who only listened.”可知，文中提到“敲击节拍并参与音乐活动可以显著减轻身体疼痛”，由此可知积极参与音乐确实能减轻身体疼痛，故选A。 18. 推理判断题。根据“Therefore, music should be treated as more than a pastime: It deserves a place in schools, public health plans, and everyday routines. So when you are lost in negative thought cycles or stress begins to build, try your favorite song and tap along.”可知，文章最后强调音乐不仅是消遣，更应该融入学校、公共卫生和日常生活，意在鼓励人们每天都积极接触音乐。故选B。 Passage 7 Imagine this: You turn to a workmate and say, “Could you make me a coffee, please?” They look at you and pause (停顿). A second passes. Maybe two. And then they say, “Sure.” How do you feel? Do you think they are happy to help you, or are they agreeing unwillingly? That’s the social meaning of pauses. Together with my team, I decided to study it more closely. In the first study, our team examined how listeners understand the length of pauses before an answer. We played short Polish (波兰语) conversations to Polish listeners, in which one person made a small request (请求), such as “Can you open the window, please?” Sometimes, the person replying was a Polish native (母语的) speaker; other times, a Chinese native speaker speaking Polish. The reply came either after a very short pause (0.2 seconds) or a longer pause (1.2 seconds). The results showed that, for native speakers, longer pauses were seen as a sign of lower willingness to help. When the same pauses came from non-native speakers, however, the people replying were judged as equally (同等的) willing, no matter how long the pauses were. Listeners seemed to understand the longer pause as the effort of working out an answer and speaking it out in a foreign language. When conversations focused on knowledge questions, such as “What was the first vegetable grown in space?”, long pauses were generally taken as a sign of lower knowledge and confidence rather than unwillingness to cooperate, no matter whether the speaker was native or non-native. But do people around the world understand pauses in the same way? In the second study, we ran the experiment with Chinese volunteers listening to conversations in Chinese spoken by either a native speaker or a Polish learner. The results showed that, for both requests and knowledge questions, the judgments of pauses were surprisingly similar across cultures. In an age of rapid digital communication and immediate replies, it’s interesting to realize how much we still depend on small timing signs to understand what others mean. The next time someone pauses before answering your request for coffee, you might think twice before supposing they’re unwilling. They could just be searching for the right words—or, of course, deciding how badly they want that coffee break. 19. What is the focus of the team’s studies? A. How people reply to a request. B. Why people pause during conversations. C. How people read pauses in conversations. D. Why people reply differently to a request. 20. In which situation is the person most likely to be seen as unwilling to cooperate? A. A student pauses before answering a math question. B. Someone pauses before stating a fact they are unsure about. C. Someone pauses before replying to a request in their native language. D. A native Chinese speaker pauses before answering a question in English. 21. What advice does the writer give about pauses in the last paragraph? A. Be careful when judging others by pauses. B. Take pauses as a sign of thoughtful answers. C. Understand pauses differently in different cultures. D. Be mindful of pausing to ensure better understanding. 【答案】19. C 20. C 21. A 【解析】本文主要探讨了人们在对话中如何理解停顿的社会含义，并通过两项实验研究不同语言背景和文化下停顿的解读差异。 19. 主旨大意题。根据“That’s the social meaning of pauses. Together with my team, I decided to study it more closely.”以及全文内容可知，研究团队的重点是分析人们如何解读对话中的停顿。故选C。 20. 细节理解题。根据“The results showed that, for native speakers, longer pauses were seen as a sign of lower willingness to help.”可知，母语者在回应请求时的长停顿会被视为不情愿。故选C。 21. 细节理解题。根据“The next time someone pauses before answering your request for coffee, you might think twice before supposing they’re unwilling.”可知，作者建议通过停顿判断他人时要谨慎。故选A。 Passage 8 In our lively world, where there are crowds everywhere, there’s a group of people who prefer the quiet, less populated environments. But what is it that drives this preference? For some people who don’t like crowds, spending time alone brings peace and safety. Imagine standing in a busy market, with people moving and talking nonstop. The sensory input—all the sounds, smells, and the movements around them—can be difficult for these people to deal with. They often find comfort in calm spaces such as libraries, parks, or their bedrooms. In a crowded environment, it’s easy for them to get lost and forget about themselves. But they can focus on their thoughts and feelings when they’re alone. However, not all who avoid crowds do so out of choice. A recent study at a famous university found that some people experience great fear and anxiety (焦虑) in crowded places. Their hearts beat fast, they sweat (出汗), and they have a strong wish to get away. This condition influences how they behave in social situations. For these people, avoiding crowds is a necessary way to manage their anxiety. Interestingly, the study also showed that people who don’t like crowds aren’t necessarily unsociable. In fact, they often enjoy smaller, closer gatherings (聚会). Whether it’s a dinner with close friends or a family reunion, these smaller settings allow them to focus on the conversation, communicate with others, and build deeper relationships. Without the distractions (干扰) of a crowd, they can truly enjoy the company of their loved ones. For people who dislike crowds, dealing with social situations can be a challenge. However, there are ways to make these experiences more manageable. For example, they can choose to attend smaller, closer gatherings rather than large parties or events. They can also take breaks from social interactions when needed, stepping away to a quieter area to relax. Additionally, it’s important for these people to communicate their needs and preferences to others. By doing so, they can help others understand their dislike of crowds and find ways to meet their needs. Remember, everyone’s comfort levels and preferences are different. What might feel energizing to some can feel tiring to others. The key is empathy (共情), understanding, and respect for each other’s personal spaces and comfort zones. 22. What do we know about people who dislike crowds? A. They are in poor physical condition. B. They have little interest in social activities. C. They feel troubled by too much sensory input. D. They dislike building relationships with others. 23. How can people who dislike crowds manage social situations? A. By taking an active part in large events. B. By avoiding telling others their real feelings. C. By taking a break in a quieter area when necessary. D. By pushing themselves to talk with people all around. 24. What is the passage mainly about? A. People’s different choices in social situations. B. Reasons for crowd discomfort and ways to ease it. C. Problems in dealing with social situations and solutions. D. People’s different preferences for crowds and the reasons. 【答案】22. C 23. C 24. B 【解析】本文介绍了一些人喜欢独处的原因及如何缓解的方法。 22. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The sensory input—all the sounds, smells, and the movements around them—can be difficult for these people to deal with.”可知，不喜欢人群的人会因过多的感官输入而感到困扰。故选C。 23. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“For people who dislike crowds, dealing with social situations can be a challenge…They can also take breaks from social interactions when needed”可知，不喜欢人群的人会在必要的时候去一个安静的地方休息。故选C 24. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一些人喜欢独处的原因及如何缓解的方法，选项B“人群不适的原因和缓解方法”符合。故选B。 Passage 9 Thinking Outside the Box What if, whenever we face any challenge, we stopped and asked, “what if?” What if we challenged the rules and started thinking outside the box? Thinking outside the box is a metaphor (隐喻) often used to describe different, or creative thinking. It shows up in simple things like using paper to make crafts— instead of just writing on them—for example. According to Fast Company, the term came into use in the 1970s. Management consultants (顾问) would give clients a 9-dot puzzle and ask them to connect the dots with only 4 lines. Naturally, this task requires some lateral thinking (跨界思维), so the consultants would encourage their clients to “think outside the box.” In this case, in order to come up with an innovative solution, they needed to look beyond the box and create something else. One thing stands out for us from this exercise. At first, you see a box. To draw those 4 lines, you have to first use up all the ways within the box. Only then can you realize that the problem is the box itself. You come to that realization after understanding the box and uncovering its limitations. To think outside the box is to fully understand the current situation—then challenge it. Thinking outside the box helps you to solve challenging problems. It allows you to look beyond a narrow view to find answers that would not exist otherwise. Thinking outside the box also forces you to widen your horizon. And when you widen your horizon, you become aware of opportunities. Diversity of experience, divergent thinking (发散思维), and a willingness to take risks encourages people to grow. Thinking small keeps us small. When we stay within our comfort zone, taking risks, growing, and challenging the norm all seem much more frightening. To become an effective leader, or a team member, think outside the box. Whatever you do, think twice: First in the box, then outside the box. Outside-the-box thinking often breaks the routines and may sound ridiculous (荒谬的). But without thinking outside the box, these people, like Thomas Edison, Isaac Newton, wouldn’t have changed the world in the way they did. Master the established rules of your craft, apply them and if they’re not bringing results, allow yourself to start thinking outside the box. You’ll be glad you did. 25. Which of the following is an example of the “lateral thinking”? A. Using a plastic bottle as a bird feeder. B. Buying milk at a grocery store. C. Taking an elevator to the office. D. Watching TV in the evening. 26. What does the sentence “Thinking small keeps us small.” mean in paragraph 5? A. Small thinking helps achieve big goals. B. Avoiding challenges and risks limits personal growth. C. Big thinking leads to unnecessary risks and problems. D. Small thinking is key to staying safe and comfortable. 27. What’s the main purpose in writing this passage? A. To discuss unusual methods. B. To criticize creative thinking. C. To explain ways to avoid risks. D. To encourage us to break routines. 【答案】25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】本文通过介绍“跳出固有思维模式”的重要性，鼓励人们打破常规、进行创造性思考，从而获得成长与进步。 25. 推理判断题。根据“In this case, in order to come up with an innovative solution, they needed to look beyond the box and create something else.”可知，跨界/发散思维强调将已有事物用在新场景或新用途上，A项“将塑料瓶用作鸟食器”正体现了这种创新用法。故选A。 26. 词句猜测题。根据“Diversity of experience, divergent thinking (发散思维), and a willingness to take risks encourages people to grow. Thinking small keeps us small. ”可知，句中“Thinking small keeps us small.”意为“过于谨小慎微只能让我们停滞不前”，因此所表达的核心含义是回避挑战与风险会限制个人发展。故选B。 27. 推理判断题。文章通过介绍“跳出固有思维模式”的重要性，鼓励人们打破常规、进行创造性思考，从而获得成长与进步。故选D。 Passage 10 Nowadays, most of the world’s population lives in the city, where poor air quality and noise pollution are common, and there is little chance to connect with nature. People may prefer going outdoors and enjoying the health benefits of being in nature. So, don’t be surprised that your doctor gives you a prescription (处方) for parks instead of pills. Nature prescribing, gaining its popularity recently, involves a doctor encouraging patients to spend time in nature as a health activity. The nature-based activities have developed as an effective healthcare treatment to improve people’s well-being. What are the nature prescriptions like? Well, doctors may give patients a variety of choices. Patients may choose direct exposure (接触) to nature, by using a natural space for running, walking, open-water swimming, or other physical activities. Other times, the exposure to nature might not be that obvious, such as biking along a path near a river on the way to work. Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects. For example, they can help build bird houses in forests, which provide a safe space for birds to live in and raise their young. Research into nature prescribing activities has found that participants experience both physical and mental health benefits. For example, nature-based activities can result in a reduction of blood pressure and better heart health. Besides, spending time in nature has been linked to lower levels of stress and anxiety. Not only that, an outdoor program in nature involving a group of people can also reduce feelings of loneliness among participants. Nature prescribing has been carried out successfully throughout the world. For example, in England, the Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust runs the Blue Prescribing Project. The project provides opportunities for people with poor mental health in London to enjoy wetland environment. This has led to great improvement of their situation. However, there are still several challenges when nature prescribing is adapted to different settings. One major difficulty is the need to train qualified health providers who can organize effective activities, which takes time and requires money. Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs. 28. If patients want to take part in nature prescribing activities, they can ________. A. swim for hours in an indoor swimming pool B. plant trees in the local park near their houses C. paint birds and flowers at community libraries D. watch environmental protection programs on TV 29. What do you know about nature prescribing from the passage? A. It can never take the place of having medicine. B. It fails to benefit patients when carried out in London. C. It requires further development to meet different needs. D. It works much better for physical health than mental health. 30. Which might be the best title for the passage? A. From Indoors to Outdoors: An Active Way to Relax B. A Step into the Wild: The Time to Protect Our Planet C. A Trip Through Forests: A Chance to Enjoy the Beauty D. From Pills to Parks: The Influence of Nature on Health 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 【解析】本文主要讲述了自然处方对人们身体和精神健康的好处以及目前存在一些挑战。 28. 推理判断题。根据“Patients may choose direct exposure (接触) to nature, by using a natural space for running, walking, open-water swimming, or other physical activities. Other times, the exposure to nature might not be that obvious, such as biking along a path near a river on the way to work. Patients may also be encouraged to participate in environmental protection projects.”可知，患者可以选择直接接触自然或者参与环境保护项目，B选项“在他们家附近的公园里种树”符合。故选B。 29. 细节理解题。根据“Moreover, since some patients may not find certain nature-based activities interesting, more activities need to be designed to meet various needs.”可知，它需要进一步发展以满足不同的需求。故选C。 30. 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了自然处方对人们身体和精神健康的好处以及目前存在一些挑战。因此文章的最佳标题是“从药丸到公园：自然对健康的影响”。故选D。 2 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $