Unit 2 Morals And Virtues Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Unit 2 MORALS AND VIRTUES Words and Expressions 1. moral ['mɒrəl ]: adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 品行; 道德(pl); 寓意 morality /məˈræləti/n.道德，品行；正当性 morally adv. 道德地 immoral adj. 不道德的 immorally adv. 不道德地 moral standards道德标准 moral dilemma 道德困境 2.virtue n.高尚的道德；美德；优秀品质 virtual adj. 事实上的;虚拟的 by/in virtue of 借助，由于；有……优点 have the virtue of 具有...的优点 团结起来我们可以打败病毒 We can defeat the virus by virtue of our unity. 3. dilemma [ dɪ'lemə]: n.困境;进退两难的境地 face a dilemma: 面临左右为难的困境 be in a dilemma: 处于进退两难的境地 get out of the dilemma 摆脱困境 moral dilemma　　道德困境 （1）I am grateful that you help me get out of the dilemma I was 　　　　 （2）Many moms （面临两难的处境） about whether they should go back to work or not. （3）The doctor （感到进退两难） whether he should tell the parents the truth. in face the dilemma was in a dilemma 4. faint [feɪnt]: v.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 n. [中医] 昏厥，昏倒 faintly adv.微弱地；模糊地；虚弱地 faintness 模糊；微弱；衰弱 faint with 因...而昏厥 faint from hunger 饿昏过去 faint memory 模糊的记忆 faint light 微弱的光线 faint smile 淡淡的微笑 faint chance/hope 很小的机会/希望 1）She suddenly fell forward onto the table and ______. (faint) 2）Tom gave us a _________ (淡淡一笑) and shook his head. 3)He looked ______ (faint) embarrassed. fainted faint smile faintly 4)She said there was a __________(希望渺茫) that they might be alive on that desolate island. faint hope 5. illustrate ['ɪləstreɪt]: v.(举例)说明; 阐明; 给(书或文章)加插图 illustration n.[U]图解;图示 illustrative adj. 解释性的 illustrator n. 插图画家 illustrated adj. 有插图的 illustrate ...with 用......说明，解释 He illustrated the phenomenon ________ examples. with 6. entrust [ɪn'trʌst ]: v. 委托; 交付 entrustment n.委托，托付；信托 entrust sb. with sth.＝entrust sth. to sb. 把……交付/委托某人 be entrusted to do sth 被委托做某事 trust: v./n. 信任; 相信; 信赖 1)He entrusted the task to his daughter. = He entrusted his daughter with the task. 3)They can be entrusted to solve the problems. 7. carry sb through sth: 帮助某人渡过难关 carry on　继续；坚持 carry on with sth/doing sth 继续做某事 carry out 实行；执行；进行；履行(诺言、义务等) carry over (情况变化时）继续下去 1）This fearless spirit will carry _____ for generations to come. 2）In my opinion，the plan should be carried _______immediately. 3）You’ll have an accident if you carry ____ driving like that. out on over 8. marriage ['mærɪdʒ]: n. 结婚; 婚姻; 婚礼(wedding) marry [ˈmærɪ]: v. 结婚; 为…主持婚礼 married adj. 已婚的；有配偶的 marry sb: 和…结婚; 嫁; 娶; 为...主持婚礼 =be/get married to sb: 和…结婚 Mike和Kate上周结婚了。 ●Mike and Kate _______ last week. ● Mike and Kate ___________ last week. ●Mike ______ Kate last week. ●Mike ____________ Kate last week. married got married married got married to 9.majority [ mə'dʒɒrəti ]: n. 大部分;大多数 major: adj. 重要的, 主要的 n. 主修科目 vi. 主修，专攻 minority n. 少数， 少数民族 minor adj. 较小的，次要的 n. 辅修科目 vi. 辅修 be in the/a majority 占多数 the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数或复数均可。 “the/a majority of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 “the/a majority of + 不可数名词”作主语 时，谓语动词用单数。 a/the majority of 大多数；大部分(谓语动词单复数取决于of后面的名词) overwhelming majority 压倒性多数 be in the majority 占大多数/大部分 minority n. 少数；少数派/人 be in the minority 占少数 major adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的 反义词minor n. 主修科目，专业；陆军少校， v. （在美国大学）主修，专攻 major in 以...为专业 The majority of the students (be) from Zhejiang. The majority of his money (be) spent on books. The majority (be) from Zhejiang province. Young women are the majority in the fashion industry. are is are / is in majority 10.complain [kəm'pleɪn ]: v.抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚 complaint: n. 投诉; 抱怨; 控告; 不满 complain to sb.about /of sth向某人抱怨某事 =make a complaint to sb 向某人提出投诉;抱怨 complain about/of: 抱怨; 埋怨 a flood of complaints 大量的投诉 （1）Mothers often complain their children_____ wrestling on the bed. （2） He will complain having to do so much paperwork. （3） Why don’t you make a complain）against your noisy neighbors? （4）She （向我抱怨说）no one could tell her the feature of the house. complaint about about to complained to me that to about about complaint complained to me that 11.respond [rɪ'spɒnd]: v.回答;回复; 做出反应; 回应 response: n. 响应; 反应;回答;答复 respond to...: 对...回答/回应/回复 =in response to 对…作出反应 =make no/a response to ①Receiving a text message does not mean you need to respond _____it.  ②_____response to the features above,the following measures have been taken in system design.   ③The famous film star made no___________(respond) to the questions asked by reporters. to In response 12、hire vt.聘任 雇用 租用 n.租借 hire sb. as …雇佣某人为 hire sb. to do…雇佣某人做 fire vt. 解雇 for hire 供出租用 1)They agreed to hire a gardener (do) the work. 2)She (hire) as the sales manager 3 days ago. 3)The employees (hire) by the company were college graduates. 4)The cars over there are hire. to do was hired hired for 13.reject ['riːdʒekt]: v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 rejection: n. 拒绝接受;否决 rejective adj.拒绝的；排斥的 reject sb./sth/doing : 拒绝接受; 不录用; 拒收 refuse: v. 拒绝; 回绝; 推却; 拒绝 refuse to do...: 拒绝做什么 refuse sth: 拒绝; 回绝; 推却 turn down :拒绝,调小 （1） He _______________ （reject） from the factory because of laziness. （2）Although writing a ______________（reject）letter can be difficult，there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary. （3） He loves his daughter so much that he can _______________ 　　　　　　（什么也不拒绝她）. was rejected rejection refuse her nothing 14. appoint [ə'pɔɪnt]: v. 任命;委派 appointment: n. 任命; 预约; 约会; 委任 appointed adj.约定的，指定的 appoint sb (as) sth: 任命某人当什么 appoint sb. to sth. 派某人任某职 appoint sb. to do sth.派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for sth /to do sth约定时间/地点做事 have an appointment with sb.和某人有约会 make an appointment/appointments with sb 和..预约 1）To his joy，he （appoint）as manager. After all，this represented his ability. 2）And the moment he received the_____________ appoint）letter，he was very excited. was appointed appointment 3. I have an appointment ____ my dentist at 11:30. 4. Whenever you make _____________ with others, you’d better try to get there a few minutes before the _________ time. (appoint) with appointments appointed 15. elect [ɪ'lekt]: v. 选举;推选; 选择 election [ɪ'lekʃn]: n. 选举;推选;当选 run for election : 参加竞选 hold an election 进行选举 elect to do sth 选择/决定做某事 elect sb (as) ...选举某人为.. 1)An increasing number of people elect ________ (work) at home. 2)They _________________________(选他为主席). 3)The date of the _____ _____ (elect) was fixed. to work elected him (as) President election 16. tend [tend]: v. 照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于 tendency n.经常性行为，偏好；趋势，趋向； tend to do sth: 易于做某事; 往往会发生某事 tend (to) sb/sth: 照料 tend to/toward + 名词: 倾向; 趋于 have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向 ①I tend ___________(go) to bed late and get up early in summer.  ②The sort of music I hear varies,but tends ___________ popular music.  ③I have a ___________(tend) to talk too much when I’m nervous.  to go to/toward tendency 17. retire [rɪ'taɪə(r)]: v. 退休; 退职;退出 retired adj. 已退休的 retirement n.退休 retire from...: 从...退下了 1、The shop was opened by a __________ (retire) teacher. 2、She retired teaching three years ago. 3、In fact, she took early ____________ (retire) due to illness . 4、The old man is (retire) now. retired from retirement retired 5.After retiring the army, he went to a company. from 18.scared [skeəd]: adj. 害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的 scare vt.惊吓；使害怕 vi.受惊吓 scary=scaring adj.骇人的，恐怖的；令人惊奇的 be scared/afraid/frightened of doing: 害怕 =be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事 scare sb to death 把某人吓得要死 scare ... away / off 把...吓跑 scare sb into doing sth 恐吓/威胁某人做某事 ①When we are getting excited, angry or ________ (scare), our bodies also go through many physical changes. ②The atmosphere was ________ and we felt ________ staying in the room. (scare) ③He is scared ________ (tell) his parents the result. ④The local farmers used to light a fire _________________ (吓跑) the wolves. ⑤She was __________________ (害怕进入) the yard because she was __________________ (害怕被咬) by the big dog lying at the gate. scared scary scared to tell to scare off/away scared to enter scared of being bitten 19. sharp [ ʃɑːp ]: adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 a sharp drop in the prices 价格________ a sharp knife 一把_______刀 a sharp contrast _______对比 sharply adv.急剧地；严厉地；苛刻地 sharpen v.磨快；使锋利 sharpener n. 卷笔刀；[机] 磨具；研磨者 锋利的 明显的 暴跌 1)用sharp及其正确形式填空 ______the knife using a_______, and now it’s ______enough to cut meat into pieces. 2)The program will give young athletes the chance to ______(sharp) their skills. 3)Hardly has the girl finished her words when the boy said _______ (sharp), “Don't be so mean.” Sharpen sharpener sharp sharpen sharply 20. insurance [ɪn'ʃʊərəns]: n.保险; 保险业 the insurance company: 保险公司 China Life Insurance Company:中国人寿保险公司 life/car/travel/household insurance: 人寿/汽车/旅行/家庭财产保险 take out insurance against ...: 办理...的保险 pay insurance on...: 交...的保险金 1)Many Americans have complained about the sharp increase in the cost of care and health insurance recently. 2)When her husband died, she received 80, 000 pounds in insurance. 21.energetic [ˌenə'dʒetɪk]: adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的 energetically adv.精力充沛地;积极地 energy [ˈenədʒɪ]: n. 精力; 力量; 能源 be full of energy: 精力充沛 have the energy to do sth.有精力做某事 22.replace [rɪ'pleɪs]: v.接替; 取代; 更换 =instead of...: 代替;而不是 take the place of 代替=take one’s place =in place of 代替, 取代=in one’s place replacement n. [U]更换;更替;[C]替换的人/物 replaced adj.被替换的 replace A. with/by B 用B替代A be replaced by… 被……代替 1)If you can’t manage it, you _______________ (replace). 2) It’s not a good idea to miss meals and replace them _________ snacks. will be replaced with/by 23. accident ['æksɪdənt ]: n.事故;车祸;失事 incident [ˈɪnsɪd(ə)nt]: n. 事变;冲突;(严重)事件; 暴力事件 accidental adj. 意外的;偶然的 accidentally adv.意外地，偶然地 by accident = by chance偶然地 by design = on purpose=purposely有意地, 故意地 Rango killed the hawk (accident). Officials say the fire appears to be ____________ (accident). accidentally accidental 24. operation [ˌɒpə'reɪʃn]: n. 手术;企业;经营 operate [ˈɔpəreɪt]: v. 操作; 使用; 控制; 动手术 operator n. 操作员 do an operation: 做手术 operate on/upon…: 给...动手术 put ... into operation 实施;使...运转;启用 do/perform an operation (on sb.) (给某人)做手术 come into operation投入运营 25. whisper ['wɪspə(r)]: v. 悄声说;耳语;低语 n. 耳语(声); 低语(声); 传言; 谣传 whisper sth. to sb. 把某事悄悄告诉某人 whisper sth. in one’s ear 在某人耳旁小声说某事 It is whispered that … 有人私下说 (4)in a whisper=in whispers=in a low voice 耳语地; 低声地 1)Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper ___ myself the two simple words “Be yourself ”. 2)I saw her whispering something ___ his ear, obviously not wanting to be heard. 3)It is ___________ (whisper) that the super star has been arrested for taking drugs. （4）His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, __________(whisper) support. whispering to in whispered 26.lip [lip]: n. 嘴唇 bite one’s lip: 竭力忍住不说话; 抑制情感的流露 bite one’s tongue: 隐忍不言 Feeling hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 27. assist [ə'sɪst]: v.帮助; 援助 assistant n.助理，助手；店员，售货员 adj.助理的，副的 assistance n.帮助，援助 assist sb in doing…: 帮助某人做… =assist sb to do…: 帮助某人做=help sb (to) do sth assist sb in/with sth: 在…方面帮助/协助某人=help…with… with the assistance/help of ... 在......的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance来/去帮助某人 (1) Professor Wang is working with his two new _______ (assist) in the laboratory at the moment. (2) Thanks to his______________ (assist), we got out of the dark cave safely. (3) Both of you have been working for Professor Adams _______ (assist) him with his class work and research. (4) The surgery was carried out by the British team, _______ (assist) by doctors and nurses from the Shifa Clinic. assistants assistance assisting assisted 28. first aid: 急救 do/make/offer/give first aid (to sb): (对某人)进行急救 first aid kit: 急救箱 He helped to organize hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. 29. pass away 去世 1）pass by 经过 2）pass down 把...传给后人 3）pass through 通过，穿过 4）pass off as 装作，冒充 1)Every generation has the duty to ___________ heritage of knowledge from the past. 2)Beauty dies as time _________ , but knowledge can stand the test of time. 3)直到去世的那天，林医生才退休。 Dr Lin didn't retire untile the day she passed away. 4)随着时间的推移，越来越多的野生动物濒临灭绝。 With time passing by, more and more wild animals are dying out. pass down passes by 30. memory ['meməri ]: n.记忆力;回忆 memorial adj.纪念的 n.纪念碑，纪念馆； memorable adj.难忘的，值得纪念的 memorize vt. 记住，熟记 in memory of...= in honour of 作为对...的纪念;纪念... have a good/bad memory: 有好的/差的记忆力 归纳拓展：“in＋n.＋of”结构： in case of 防备 in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理 in defense of 保卫 in favour of 赞成，主张 in need of 需要 in search of 寻找 in support of 支持 in praise of 赞扬 in honour of 为了纪念…… in place of 代替 in terms of 就……而言 用“in+n.+of” 型短语完成句子 (1) __________________________Qu Qiubai, we set up a primary school named after him. (2) My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______________it. (3) More and more young people leave the country for big cities __________ better jobs. (4) There are two-thirds of the nation’s farmland ______________ new farmers. (5) He wrote a poem ______________ these significant changes. In memory of/In honour of in favor of in search of in need of in praise of 31.disguise [dɪs'ɡaɪz]: v. 装扮;假扮;掩盖n. 伪装;化装用具 disguised adj.伪装的；乔装的；掩饰的 disguise sb. as… 将某人装扮成…;把某人伪装成... in disguise: 伪装; 假装; 乔装打扮 speak without disguise 毫不掩饰地说 1）The woman turned out to be a police officer _____ disguise . 2）He disguised himself Santa Claus. 3）They got in (disguise) as security guards. in as disguised 32. spill [spɪl]: v.(使)洒出; (使)溢出 (spilt -- spilt; spilled -- spilled) spill out 喷涌出来 spill sth.out 倾诉… spill over 溢出 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 33. trip over (sth.): 被…绊倒 trip: v. 绊; 绊倒; 将…绊倒; 使跌倒 n. 旅行; 旅游 trip over被 … … 绊倒该短语本身已有被动含义，故不能用于被动语态。 John tripped over a cable and hurt his foot. 约翰被一根电缆绊倒，摔伤了脚。 34.tear n.眼泪；泪水 v.(tore, torn) 撕碎，撕裂；流眼泪； ★tearing adj.撕裂的；痛苦的；猛烈的，极端的；极好的；暴怒的 burst into tears＝burst out crying 突然大哭起来 ★ be moved to tears 感动得流泪 ★ hold back one's tears 强忍住眼泪 tear ... into / to pieces把...撕成碎片 tear down扯下;拆毁 tear up撕碎;拔起 35.despair [dɪ'speə(r)]: n. 绝望 v.绝望;感到无望 despairing adj.绝望的,无望的 despairingly adv 绝望地，无望地 despair of...: 对...绝望; 丧失信心=lose heart in despair: 处于绝望中 drive sb. to despair 把某人逼得走投无路 36. harm [hɑːm]: n./v. 伤害; 损害 harmful adj.有害的，造成伤害的 harmless adj. 无害的，不致伤的 do harm to sb/sth = do sb/sth harm =harm sb =be harmful to sb : 对某人有害=do damage to…: ①As we all know, smoking is ___________(harm) to health.  ②Staring at the screen of the computer will do harm___________your eyes.  harmful to 37. a great/good deal (of + 不可数名词): 大量 a great deal of /a large amount of+不可数名词 a large number of+可数名词复数 a lot of/plenty of +可数名词/不可数名词 38.flexible ['fleksəbl]: adj. 灵活的;可变通的 inflexible adj.不易弯曲的 flexibly adv.灵活地；易曲地；柔软地；有弹性地 flexibility n.灵活性；弹性，柔性 be flexible in在…方面灵活的 87. Peking Union Medical College: 北京协和医学院 88. the Wenhai Scholarship: “文海”奖学金 89. the OB-GYN department: 妇产科 (全称Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ) obstetrics [əb‘stetrɪks]: n. 产科学; 助产术 gynecology [,gaɪnə‘kɑːlədʒ]: n. 妇科学; 妇科医学 90. the People’s Republic of China: (PRC) 中华人民共和国 91. the National People’s Congress : ['kɒŋɡres] 全国人民代表大会 congress: n. 代表大会; 国会 92. the North/South Pole: 北极/南极 Norman Bethune 93. Henry Norman Bethune ['henri 'nɔːmən bə'θjuːn]: 亨利·诺曼·白求恩 白求恩(1890年3月4日—1939年11月12日), 加拿大共产党员,国际主义战士,著名胸外科医生。生于加拿大安大略省格雷文赫斯特镇,1935年加入加拿大共产党,1938年来到中国参与抗日革命, 1939年10月下旬,在河北涞源县摩天岭战斗中抢救伤员时左手中指被手术刀割破后感染了败血症, 11月12日凌晨在河北唐县黄石口村逝世, 聂荣臻指示用最好的柏木棺材装殓了白求恩的遗体,就近安葬在黄石口村北边的山坡上(1952年迁葬于河北石家庄烈士公墓)。12月1日延安各界为他举行了追悼大会。生前受到过毛泽东、周恩来、任弼时、聂荣臻等中国共产党高级领导人的接见。他在中国工作的一年半时间里为中国抗日革命呕心沥血, 毛泽东称其为是一个高尚的人,一个纯粹的人,一个有道德的人,一个脱离了低级趣味的人,一个有益于人民的人。 Thanks！ Practice makes perfect! $