阅读理解记叙文-三年高考英语真题一遍过

专题1 阅读理解记叙文（解析版） Part one 三年高考英语真题复现 2023年 Passage 1 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 7. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. Passage 2 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape Passage3 【2023年全国甲卷】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day? A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work. C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby. 26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 27. What trend in DIY does the research show? A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming. C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females Passage 4 【2023年全国乙卷】 Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 6. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their emipment. 7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. Passage5 【2023年浙江1月卷】 Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars? A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it. C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it. 26．What can we infer about the author? A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy. C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. Passage 2 【2024新课标II卷】 Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 26. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increa Passage 3 【2024浙江1月卷】 When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice. C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition. 6. What do we know about the “mini community library”? A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection. C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month. 7. Why did the author start to use the “library”? A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents. C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters. 25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary. C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic. 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 27．What does the author’s experience show? A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep. C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect. Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A．Sick children. B．Young nurses. C．Medical students. D．Patients’ parents. 25．What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A．Prioritizing academics. B．Encouraging innovation. C．Treating various diseases. D．Playing multiple roles. 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. 27．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A．It eases peer pressure. B．It helps them live in hope. C．It frees them from aches. D．It entertains them with stories. Passage 3 【2025浙江1月卷】 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 25．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 26．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 27．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. 第 1 页 共 24 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题1 阅读理解记叙文（解析版） Part one 三年高考英语真题复现 2023年 Passage 1 【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” 4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone. C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor. 5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem. C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine. 6. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea. C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention. 7. What is the basis for John’s work? A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive. C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物传记类） 以时间为线索，讲述 John Todd 从小观察自然、成年后模仿自然生态系统发明生态机器，并用其治理污水的故事，兼具叙事性与科普性。 二、文章大意 John Todd 幼年喜爱探索自然，观察到自然界具备自我净化的能力。大学期间他系统学习相关专业知识，之后尝试模仿自然生态，构建 “生态机器”，利用动植物组合消化污泥、净化污水。该发明成功应用于多地污水处理，包括中国福州的运河治理。他将这一理念称为 “生态设计”，其核心思想是：自然界的生物可以形成新的共生系统，实现自我修复与环境净化。 三、篇章结构 全文采用时间顺序 + 事情发展顺序，结构清晰： 第一段：起源铺垫 童年观察自然，发现自然有自我净化能力，萌生利用自然净化人类污染的想法。 第二段：研究探索 大学学习相关专业，继续研究自然机理，提出构想：构建动植物结合的生态系统处理污染物。 第三、四段：实验过程与成功 建造玻璃槽生态装置，引入动植物形成生态系统，加入污泥后成功将其净化为清水。 第五段：实际应用 生态机器广泛应用，包括美国社区污水处理、中国福州运河治理，体现发明价值。 第六段：理念升华 提出 “生态设计” 概念，点明核心：利用生物间新关系，让系统自我修复。 四、考查题型 4 题：推理判断题（人物性格 / 品质） 5 题：细节理解题（实验目的） 6 题：写作意图题（举例作用） 7 题：主旨推理题（理论基础 / 核心思想） 五、题目详解 【答案】4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 【解析】 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里为了测试生态机器。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。 Passage 2 【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.” 4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes. C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens. 6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物故事 + 校园实践类） 以校园公益项目为叙事核心，讲述 Abby Jaramillo 老师创办 Urban Sprouts 园艺课程，带领学生种植蔬菜、改变饮食习惯与心理状态的真实故事，属于叙事性说明文。 二、文章大意 Abby Jaramillo 与另一位老师在四所低收入学校共同发起了名为 Urban Sprouts 的校园园艺项目。该项目旨在培养学生的科学能力、环保意识与健康生活方式。起初，许多学生反感蔬菜、泥土和昆虫，但通过土壤检测、种植劳作、亲手烹饪等实践活动，学生们开始愿意吃蔬菜，甚至回家带动家人健康饮食。项目不仅改善了学生营养状况，还对有情绪管理问题的特殊教育学生有安抚作用，让他们获得成就感，产生了深远积极的影响。 三、篇章结构 文章采用 “引入项目 — 背景困境 — 实施过程 — 成效意义” 的递进式结构： 第一段：项目介绍 引出 Urban Sprouts 园艺项目，介绍发起者、面向学校及创办目的。 第二段：初始困境 学生生活环境缺少新鲜食物，对蔬菜、泥土、昆虫存在抵触心理。 第三段：课程内容 具体实践活动：土壤测试、解剖种子、品尝农产品、种植烹饪、制作沙拉。 第四、五段：项目成效 饮食改善：学生吃更多蔬菜，影响家庭饮食习惯 心理成长：安抚情绪，让特殊学生获得成就感 影响深远：超出营养层面，带来综合成长 四、考查题型 4 题：细节理解题（人物身份） 5 题：细节理解题（项目初期问题） 6 题：推理判断题（项目影响概括） 7 题：主旨大意题（文章标题） 五、题目详解 【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. B 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。 Passage3 【2023年全国甲卷】 Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day? A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work. C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby. 26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself. C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement. 27. What trend in DIY does the research show? A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming. C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物故事类） 以人物经历为主线，穿插社会现象介绍，讲述 DIY 达人 Terri Bolton 的技能来源、DIY 带来的实际好处，并引申出当下 DIY 在人群中的流行趋势。 二、文章大意 Terri Bolton 是一名 DIY 能手，擅长组装家具、墙面修补等，她的动手能力得益于小时候跟着做建筑工的祖父打工学习。DIY 技能不仅让她节省开支，还能在退租时修复房屋、避免被扣押金。研究显示，当下 DIY 在大众中越来越流行，多数人利用夏季进行家居改造，以提升居住舒适度或房屋价值；传统上被看作男性爱好的 DIY，如今正由女性引领潮流。 三、篇章结构 文章采用 “人物介绍 — 成长经历 — 现实益处 — 社会趋势”** 的结构： 第一段：人物出场 点出 Terri 擅长 DIY，从不花钱请人做自己能完成的事。 第二段：技能溯源 DIY 能力来自祖父的言传身教，从小跟随祖父做工并获得报酬。 第三段：实用价值 DIY 帮助她在租房退租时修复墙面，避免押金损失。 第四段：社会现象 介绍当下 DIY 流行趋势，包括参与人群、花费、目的及性别变化特点。 四、考查题型 24 题：词义猜测题 25 题：细节理解题 26 题：细节理解题 27 题：细节理解题 五、题目详解 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故选A。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。 Passage 4 【2023年全国乙卷】 Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation. Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment. One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 4. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest? A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks. C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields. 5. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author? A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques. C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles. 6. What can we infer from the author trip with friends to Devil’s Lake? A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock. B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset. C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected. D. They had problems with their emipment. 7. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake? A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（个人经历类） 以第一人称叙述作者在美国中西部从事风景摄影的经历、遇到的困难、一次具体拍摄故事及感悟。 二、文章大意 作者居住在以玉米田为主、地形单一的爱荷华州，想成为风景摄影师面临很大挑战。为此，他经常长途驱车前往乡村或州立公园寻找拍摄素材，并深知时机与地点对摄影至关重要。文章讲述了一次与朋友前往威斯康星州魔鬼湖拍摄日落的经历：因未标记路线差点错过最佳时刻，虽时间紧张、准备不足，但最终拍出的照片仍是他比较满意的作品，也让他意识到提前准备与合理安排时间的重要性。 三、篇章结构 第一段：背景与困难 点明中西部地形单一，风景摄影难度大。 第二段：应对方式 长途出行，去乡村、州立公园寻找独特景色。 第三段：核心经验 强调 “恰当的时间 + 恰当的地点” 是成功关键。 第四段：具体事例 魔鬼湖拍摄经历：差点错过日落，仓促完成拍摄，虽有遗憾但作品出色。 四、考查题型 4：细节理解题 5：细节理解题 6：推理判断题 7：观点态度题 五、题目详解 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. B 【4题详解】 细节理解题。通过文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄。故选B。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚。故选C。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。 Passage5 【2023年浙江1月卷】 Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household. Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging. Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire. As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged. So here is my advice: Lead by action. 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars? A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it. C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it. 26．What can we infer about the author? A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy. C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person. 27．What is the text mainly about? A．How to get on well with other family members. B．How to have one’s own personal space at home. C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household. D．How to control the budget when buying groceries. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（个人生活感悟类） 以第一人称讲述自己在家人不完全支持的环境中坚持 “零废弃” 生活方式的经历与心得。 二、文章大意 当一个人想过可持续、零废弃的生活时，身边的家人、室友未必会支持。作者五年前开始践行零废弃生活，起初父亲对她用罐子买杂货的行为表示不解甚至觉得可笑。但她没有放弃，而是从自己可控的个人空间做起，逐步调整用品、减少浪费。她建议：不必强求家人认同，用行动带头影响他人，而非说教争辩。 三、篇章结构 第一段：引出话题 想过环保可持续生活，身边人未必会跟随。 第二段：个人经历 与父母、丈夫共同生活，推行零废弃遇到不理解。 第三段：初期遭遇 父亲对她用罐子买杂货持否定态度。 第四段：坚持与做法 从个人空间做起，整理物品、选用环保洗漱用品等。 第五、六段：经验与建议 少说多做，用行动引领而非争辩。 四、考查题型 24：词义猜测题 25：观点态度题 26：推理判断题 27：主旨大意题 五、题目详解 【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C 24．词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。 26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C 2024年 Passage 1 【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】 “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 一、文章体裁 说明文（人物介绍类）以第三人称介绍美国兽医 William Farber 将中医针灸、按摩疗法等与西方传统兽医技术结合，开创动物整体疗法的经历、实践案例及行业发展趋势。 二、文章大意 本文讲述美国兽医 William Farber 因自身背痛接受针灸治疗后效果显著，进而学习并将针灸、按摩、草药等中医疗法与西方传统治疗结合，应用于宠物治疗。文章列举了其治愈病重宠物的真实案例，并通过相关协会会员数量的增长，说明这种整体疗法正越来越被认可，Farber 也坚信该疗法未来会更加普及。 三、篇章结构 第一段：引出人物与疗法 介绍兽医 Farber 采用中西医结合的 “整体疗法” 治疗动物，虽遭部分同事 嘲笑，但他坚信自己的理念。 第二段：疗法起源 讲述 Farber 因自身背痛接受针灸治疗见效，从而萌生将该疗法用于动物的想法并付诸实践。 第三段：实践效果 列举狗狗、马匹接受治疗后明显好转的案例，证明整体疗法的有效性。 第四段：发展前景 通过协会会员增长数据说明该疗法日益普及，Farber 也表示会坚持用此方法帮助动物。 四、考查题型 24：细节理解题 25：细节理解题 26：段落主旨题 27：推理判断题 五、题目详解 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 Passage 2 【2024新课标II卷】 Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.” It’s that simple. Riders have printed nearly 20,000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March. Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120 submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says. And you’ll never be without something to read. 24. Why did BART start the kiosk program? A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use. C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs. 25. How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A. By popularity. B. By length. C. By theme. D. By language. 26. What has Trost been doing recently? A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers. C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists. 27. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future? A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline. C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase. 一、文章体裁 说明文（社会现象类）介绍美国旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）在车站设置故事小亭，为乘客提供短篇故事打印服务的创新举措、运营情况及相关规划。 二、文章大意 文章针对乘客在车站常忘带读物的问题，介绍了旧金山湾区捷运设置发光故事小亭，乘客可按时长选择 1 分钟、3 分钟或 5 分钟短篇故事并打印。该项目自启动以来已打印近两万份故事作品，包含经典与原创内容。主办方同时面向当地作家征集故事并举办比赛，获奖作品将被收录。主办方希望通过这一举措提升乘车体验，吸引更多乘客，提振持续下滑的客流量。 三、篇章结构 第一段：提出问题 许多乘客乘车时会忘记带纸质读物，引出话题。 第二段：引出项目 介绍旧金山湾区捷运推出故事小亭服务。 第3、 四段：项目介绍 说明故事小亭的使用方式、故事时长分类及使用热度。 第4、 第五段：后续计划 面向湾区艺术家征集故事，举办比赛并收录获奖作品。 第5、 第六至八段：项目意义 针对客流量下滑，主办方认为该服务能提升体验、吸引更多乘客。 四、考查题型 24：细节理解题 25：细节理解题 26：细节理解题 27：观点态度题 五、题目详解 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)推出自动售货亭提供短篇故事打印服务，旨在满足乘客阅读需求，提升出行体验，Trost认为此举措能吸引更多乘客，对BART 未来持乐观态度，预期乘客量将会增长。 24.推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间。故选C项。 25.细节理解题。根据第三段“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.(你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事)”可知，信息亭中的故事按长度分类，乘客可以根据自己的需求选择不同长度的故事。故选B项。 26.细节理解题。根据第五段“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,(我们想做一些事情，呼吁湾区的艺术家为比赛提交故事)”以及第六段“The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.(获奖故事会进入我们的信息亭，然后你就会成为一名出版艺术家)”可知，Trost最近在组织一个故事竞赛，向湾区的艺术家征集故事，获胜作品将被放入售货亭供乘客阅读。故选A项。 27.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段““At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.(她说：“归根结底，所有的交通机构现在都在尽一切努力改善乘客体验。所以我绝对认为，我们会因为短篇小说而吸引更多的乘客。”)”可知，Trost认为通过提升乘客体验，包括提供短篇故事阅读服务，BART可以吸引更多的乘客，乘客量将会增加。故选D项。 Passage 3 【2024浙江1月卷】 When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”. As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived. As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection. For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books! If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me. 4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box. 5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006? A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice. C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition. 6. What do we know about the “mini community library”? A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection. C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month. 7. Why did the author start to use the “library”? A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour. C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（生活随笔类）以第一人称讲述作者对电话亭的回忆，以及家门口旧电话亭被改造成迷你社区图书馆后带来的意外惊喜。 二、文章大意 作者回忆 2006 年因被锁在门外，不得不使用街头电话亭紧急求助的经历。如今家附近的电话亭已被改造成迷你社区图书馆，路人可自由借阅、归还或置换图书。作者本以为里面都是通俗爱情小说，后来却发现种类丰富且全部免费，因此读到了许多平时不会主动购买的好书。虽然电话亭不再能打电话，但如今能在等待救援时为他提供阅读乐趣。 三、篇章结构 第一段：回忆过往 引出电话亭话题，回忆 2006 年自己在伦敦合租小屋组织试镜的场景。 第二段：往事经历 讲述当年被锁门外，被迫使用电话亭求助拿到备用钥匙的经过。 第三段：现状变化 如今家附近电话亭被改造成迷你社区图书馆。 第四段：使用感受 作者原本不抱期待，后发现图书种类多且免费，读到很多佳作。 第五段：总结感慨 电话亭虽失去通话功能，却能在被困时提供阅读消遣。 四、考查题型 4：词义猜测题 5：细节理解题 6：细节理解题 7：细节理解题 五、题目详解 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【4题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书。故选B。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。 2025年 Passage 1 【2025全国一卷】 In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important?” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. This would have to change. As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. 24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1? A．Ninth graders. B．Students’ parents. C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters. 25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay? A．They were not given enough time. B．They had a very limited vocabulary. C．They misunderstood the question. D．They had little interest in the topic. 26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Mixed. B．Amazing. C．Similar. D．Disturbing. 27．What does the author’s experience show? A．Teaching is learning. B．Still waters run deep. C．Knowledge is power. D．Practice makes perfect. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（教育感悟类）以第一人称讲述一位九年级写作老师的教学经历与反思，展现师生在写作学习中彼此启发、共同成长的过程。 二、文章大意 作者是一名九年级写作老师，学生们创作出的虚构人物形象鲜活、情感真挚，令作者印象深刻。但在第一篇题为 “写作为何重要” 的作文中，学生普遍表现很差，篇幅短小、缺乏论点。作者意识到是话题本身无法引起学生共鸣。随后作者更换写作任务，让学生自选健康相关话题进行议论文写作，再依次开展个人叙事和创意写作，只要求符合体裁、包含论点，结果学生作品质量大幅提升，篇幅长达 10—20 页，内容打动人心。作者原本认为写作是沟通工具，最终从学生身上领悟到写作更重要的意义是连接人心、共情他人、体悟人性。 三、篇章结构 第一段：引入反差 学生创作的虚构人物生动饱满，展现出出色的写作潜力。 第二段：问题呈现 第一篇作文主题枯燥，学生表现极差，作者反思问题根源。 第三段：教学改进 更换写作任务与要求，学生作品质量显著提升。 第四段：教学感悟 作者教学理念得到升华，领悟到写作更深层的价值，体现教学相长。 四、考查题型 24：细节理解题 25：推理判断题 26：词义猜测题 27：主旨大意题 五、题目详解 【答案】24．D 25．D 26．B 27．A 24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A’s, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life. More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who’d created these people, knew their subjects so well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——她在父母拒绝其年少挚爱后心碎而逝。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was shocked. Then I realized that the problem was the question itself. They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn’t strike them as important. (大多数文章篇幅不足一页，几乎没有包含可被视为论点的句子。我感到震惊。随后我意识到问题出在题目本身。他们本可以就电脑的必要性写下数页内容，但写作本身根本没让他们觉得重要)”可推知，学生们在写第一篇作文时表现不佳，是因为他们对写作这个话题本身不感兴趣。故选D。 26．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。 27．推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章最后一段中“I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication. However, my students demonstrated something more important to me. When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing’s most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another’s skin, to teach us what it means to be human. (我走进教室时坚信写作作为一种交流方式至关重要。然而，学生们向我展示了更为重要的东西。当六月的下课铃响起时，我带着一本满是留言的年鉴离开——这些留言诉说着写作最强大的意义：它能连接人与人，让我们换位思考，教会我们身为人类的真谛)”结合全文内容可知，文章通过作者的教学经历，说明她在教导学生的同时，自己也领悟到写作的真正意义，这一过程体现了“教学相长”的理念。选项A“Teaching is learning (教学相长)”符合文中描述的作者通过教学获得的新认识。故选A。 Passage 2 【2025全国二卷】 Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital Stanford (LPCH). “Sometimes I don’t like saying that I’m a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that’s not really what it is here.” “Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. Still, in room 386, academics don’t come first. Physical health and mental health are the priority. “If you’re scared about something and thinking only about that, there’s no way you’re going to be able to learn,” Ho says. “I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher.” There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class. She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools. Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. “They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital. “I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH. “It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.” 24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH? A．Sick children. B．Young nurses. C．Medical students. D．Patients’ parents. 25．What is a characteristic of Ho’s job? A．Prioritizing academics. B．Encouraging innovation. C．Treating various diseases. D．Playing multiple roles. 26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons. B．Paying extra attention. C．Assigning no schoolwork. D．Showing no sympathy. 27．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good? A．It eases peer pressure. B．It helps them live in hope. C．It frees them from aches. D．It entertains them with stories. 一、文章体裁 记叙文（人物纪实类）介绍斯坦福医院内一位特殊的中学教师 Kathy Ho，讲述她在医院学校为患病学生授课的工作内容、角色职责与教育意义。 二、文章大意 Kathy Ho 在斯坦福儿童医院的病房学校任教，这里的学生都是住院患儿。她的工作与普通教师不同，身心健康优先于学业，她同时扮演着老师、指导者、安慰者等多重角色。她会与学生原校老师沟通课程与作业，认为不给患病学生布置作业其实不利于他们。医院学校不仅帮助孩子跟上同龄人，更重要的是守护他们的梦想，让他们在病痛中依然保有对生活与成长的希望。 三、篇章结构 第一段：引出人物 介绍 Kathy Ho 的特殊身份 —— 医院里的中学教师，工作不同于普通老师。 第二段：教学环境与对象 说明医院学校的学生均为患儿，教学目的之一是帮他们顺利重返校园。 第三段：工作理念 身心健康优先于学业，教师需承担多重角色。 第四段：教学做法 Ho 坚持让患病学生完成正常课业，反对完全不布置作业的做法。 第五段：教育意义 医院学校帮助孩子保持与外界同步，守护梦想，给予生活希望。 四、考查题型 24：细节理解题 25：细节理解题 26：词义猜测题 27：细节理解题 五、题目详解 【答案】24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 24．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中““Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures. It’s a place of learning. About half of Ho’s students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year. Most of Ho’s students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care. (“这里”指的是386 室，每年约有500名露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）的患者在这里成为学生。这所医院学校里没有家长、医生，也没有医疗程序。它是一个学习的地方。Ho老师的学生中，约有一半只待一周或更短时间，其他人则会待一年以上。大多数学生最终会康复，这意味着，帮助他们做好重返学校的准备正成为护理工作中日益重要的组成部分)” 可知，Ho在露西尔・帕卡德儿童医院（LPCH）教生病的孩子。故选A。 25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“I’m a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that’s what it means to be a hospital teacher. (我是一名教练、一名顾问和一名安慰者，这就是作为一名医院教师的意义)”可知，Ho工作的一个特点是扮演多种角色。故选D。 26．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段划线词所在句“Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead. “I feel like it is a disservice to the kids,” Ho says. (一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”)” 可推知，其中的“it”指的是不给孩子们布置作业这件事。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中Julie Good所说的“It’s about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow. (这关乎围绕 “何为充实人生” 展开的问题解决。那些孩子拥有梦想，而学校能通过为他们提供学习与成长的途径，让这些梦想得以延续)”可推知，Good认为医院学校通过让孩子保持学习和成长，帮助他们维系梦想，即帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。 Passage 3 【2025浙江1月卷】 When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. “You don’t want to get fat” was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. Because of this, I’m careful not to connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people. I encourage my daughter to make healthy snack choices and often dissuade (劝阻) her from a second dessert. But one day when I heard her saying “I think I’m too fat,” my heart sank. It made me wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact. According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. “There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,” she says. “It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.” Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts called the “Division of Responsibility,” where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions. “When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts,’ you can say, ‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices,’” says Markey. “Let them feel like they have some control over it.” I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. “Feeding is a long game,” says Markey. “The food you have available makes a huge difference. Even if they don’t eat it, they’ re seeing it. And then all of a sudden it clicks.” 24．What can be inferred about the author from the first paragraph? A．She is upset by her kids’ weight. B．She is critical of the way she was fed. C．She is interested in making food. D．She is particular about what she eats. 25．Which of the following would Markey disapprove of? A．Allowing kids to eat cookies occasionally. B．Offering various foods to kids at fixed times. C．Explaining to kids the risks of taking snacks. D．Talking with kids about school at mealtimes. 26．What should kids do according to the “Division of Responsibility”? A．Make diet decisions on their own. B．Share their food with other kids. C．Eat up what is provided for them. D．Help their parents do the dishes. 27．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following? A．Costly. B．Complex. C．Workable. D．Contradictory. 一、文章体裁 记叙文 + 议论文（育儿教育类）作者结合自身童年经历，探讨家长应如何正确引导孩子的饮食观念，引入专家观点并分享实践体会。 二、文章大意 作者童年常被大人限制饮食、被提醒 “别长胖”，导致其与食物的关系扭曲，花了很久才走出阴影。因此她刻意不将体重与孩子的价值挂钩，只建议健康饮食。但当女儿说出 “我太胖了” 时，她深受触动，反思自己的提醒是否带来了负面影响。心理学教授 Charlotte Markey 指出，家长在饮食上少说反而更好，过多叮嘱会引发孩子焦虑与不安全感。她推荐 “责任分工” 理念：家长定时提供多样健康食物，孩子自主决定吃什么、吃多少，并自然承担饮食选择的后果。作者尝试后发现，减少限制反而让孩子做出更明智的选择，认为这一方法切实有效。 三、篇章结构 第一段：个人经历与反思 作者童年因饮食说教留下心理阴影，育儿时仍不慎让女儿产生身材焦虑。 第二段：专家观点 专家认为家长过多谈论食物会给孩子带来不必要的焦虑与不安全感。 第三段：科学育儿方法 介绍 “责任分工” 原则：家长负责提供食物，孩子自主选择食量与种类。 第四段：教育逻辑 让孩子体验自身选择带来的自然结果，培养自主意识。 第五段：作者实践效果 作者尝试后认可该方法有效，认为饮食引导是长期过程。 四、考查题型 24：推理判断题 25：推理判断题 26：细节理解题 27：观点态度题 五、题目详解 【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A 27．C 24．推理判断题。根据第一段中“When I was a child I was often told what not to eat. ‘You don’t want to get fat’ was on constant repeat throughout my childhood. It really messed up my relationship with food — something that took me years to overcome. (当我还是个孩子的时候，我经常被告知什么不能吃。“你不想变胖”这句话在我整个童年时期不断重复。这真的搞砸了我与食物的关系 —— 这是我花了多年时间才克服的问题)”可知，作者童年时被灌输的饮食观念对其产生了负面影响，由此可推断出，作者对自己童年时被喂养的方式持批判态度。故选B项。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare subjects where, as parents, saying less is more. ‘There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through, but I’m not convinced that food is one of them,’ she says. ‘It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren’t necessarily healthy.’ (根据心理学教授夏洛特·马基的说法，食物是为数不多的家长说得少反而更好的话题之一。“在育儿方面，有很多事情值得深入讨论，但我不认为食物是其中之一，”她说。“这只会给孩子们带来一些不必要的担忧和不安全感，这并不健康。”)”可知，马基不赞成家长和孩子过多谈论食物相关的话题，而向孩子解释吃零食的风险属于谈论食物的话题，所以马基不会赞成。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Instead, she recommends applying a well known concept among nutrition experts called the ‘Division of Responsibility,’ where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots. (相反，她建议应用营养专家中一个著名的概念，即‘责任划分’，在这个概念中，家长在固定的时间为孩子提供各种主要是健康的食物，而孩子自己决定想吃什么和吃多少 —— 即使这意味着偶尔吃的饼干比胡萝卜多)”可知，根据“责任划分”，孩子应该自己做饮食决策。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I’ve been trying out these strategies and I’ve found that when I’m less restrictive, they do make better decisions. (我一直在尝试这些策略，我发现当我不那么严格限制时，他们确实会做出更好的决策)”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所遵循的策略是可行的。故选C项。 Part two 总结规律 精准备考 1、 高考英语记叙文阅读理解文章特点 高考英语记叙文大多是：小故事 + 情感 / 道理 人物：普通人、家人、陌生人、作者自己 线索：时间顺序、事件发展、情感变化 主题：亲情、友情、成长、善良、坚持、感恩、人生感悟 结构：起因 — 经过 — 高潮 — 结局 — 感悟 目标：读懂故事脉络 + 抓住情感态度 + 找准主旨 2、 通用解题步骤 1. 先题后文先看题干，圈关键词：人名、地名、时间、数字、因果词、情感词。 2. 定位原文带着问题回文章找原句，答案基本都在定位句附近。 3. 同义替换正确选项几乎都是原文的同义改写，很少原词照搬。 4. 排除干扰绝对化、无中生有、张冠李戴、片面概括直接排除。 5. 主旨看首尾记叙文主旨一般在首段总起 / 尾段升华。 三、四大题型解题技巧 1. 细节理解题（占比最大） 技巧：定位 + 比对 圈关键词：who, what, when, where, why, how 回原文找到对应句子，逐词比对选项 正确答案特征： 同义替换（change → alter；important → vital） 概括但不绝对 错误答案特征： 偷换概念、扩大范围、颠倒因果、无中生有 2. 推理判断题（infer/imply/suggest） 原则：忠于原文，不主观脑补 答案必须从原文推出来，不能凭常识瞎猜 原文原句重复出现的一般不是正确选项 优先选：委婉、客观、符合故事情感走向的 绝对词排除：must, never, only, all, completely 3. 词义猜测题（meaning/refer to） 记叙文最常用方法： 上下文逻辑：因果、转折、并列but/however/though 前后相反；and/or 前后相近 解释说明：that is, in other words, which is 例子推断：such as, for example 指代题（it/this/that）90% 往前找最近的名词 / 句子 4. 主旨大意 / 标题题（main idea/title） 记叙文抓两点：故事核心 + 情感主题 看：首段主题句 + 尾段议论抒情 标题要求：概括全文、短小醒目、含核心意象 排除： 只概括某一段（以偏概全） 太大太空（too general） 完全无关 四、高频 “情感态度词” 必背 积极的positive: grateful, moved, touched, optimistic, warm, caring 消极的negative: disappointed, upset, anxious, worried, awkward 中性 / 评价: admiring, respectful, sympathetic, critical 五、记叙文阅读 “坑点” 避雷 1. 故事没看完就选 记叙文往往结尾反转 / 升华，一定要读到最后。 2. 用中文思维过度解读 英语记叙文情感直白，不搞含蓄隐喻，不要 “脑补深层含义”。 3. 长难句卡住 抓主干：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语，修饰成分先跳过。 4. 选项看起来都对 选最贴合主旨、最全面的那个，不选细节。 六、备考策略 1. 刷题方向 只刷：近 3-5 年高考真题记叙文 每周 4–6 篇，保持手感 同一篇文章可二刷：分析错题→总结同义替换 2. 积累 “记叙文高频词块” 情感类：burst into tears, cheer up, calm down, feel relieved 动作类：reach out, turn to sb., pick up, go through 成长类：overcome difficulty, learn a lesson, make a difference 3. 长难句突破 每天分析 2 句真题长难句： 找主谓宾 划定语从句、状语从句 翻译通顺能看懂长句，记叙文基本不会错。 4. 错题整理模板 原题题干 定位原句 正确选项同义替换 错误选项错因（无中生有 / 偷换概念 / 以偏概全）坚持 2 周，正确率明显提升。 5. 考场时间控制 1 篇记叙文：6–8 分钟 先易后难，不在某一题死磕 七、万能答题口诀 先看题干圈关键词，回文定位找原句。 同义替换是答案，绝对表述全抛弃。 细节比对不脑补，主旨看头又看尾。 情感走向抓准确，记叙文阅读稳拿分。 八、高考英语记叙文阅读高频同义替换词表 一、人物品质 & 情感态度 1. kind / warm-hearted → caring, considerate, helpful 2. honest → sincere, straightforward 3. brave → courageous, fearless 4. smart → bright, intelligent, clever 5. thankful → grateful, appreciative 6. sad → upset, depressed, gloomy 7. happy → delighted, cheerful, pleased 8. calm → peaceful, relaxed 9. worried → anxious, concerned 10. proud → delighted, satisfied 11. shy → awkward, embarrassed 12. strict → serious, firm 13. generous → giving, unselfish 14. determined → firm, strong-willed 15. polite → well-mannered 二、动作行为 1. help → assist, lend a hand, support 2. meet → encounter, come across 3. finish → complete, accomplish 4. refuse → decline, turn down 5. accept → receive, take 6. remember → recall, keep in mind 7. forget → fail to remember 8. look at → stare at, glance at, observe 9. laugh → smile, burst into laughter 10. cry → burst into tears 11. try → attempt, make an effort 12. manage → succeed in doing 13. decide → determine, make up one’s mind 14. return → come back, go back 15. leave → depart, go away 16. visit → call on, drop in on 17. realize → notice, understand, learn 18. explain → account for, clarify 19. encourage → inspire, cheer up 20. forgive → excuse, pardon 三、心理与感受 1. surprised → shocked, amazed, astonished 2. satisfied → pleased, content 3. nervous → tense, uneasy 4. lonely → alone, isolated 5. confident → sure, certain 6. curious → interested, eager to know 7. regretful → sorry, ashamed 8. hopeful → optimistic 9. afraid → frightened, scared 10. tired → exhausted, worn out 四、事情发展 & 因果 1. because → since, as, for, due to 2. so → therefore, thus, as a result 3. but → however, yet, while 4. though → although, even though 5. finally → eventually, in the end 6. suddenly → all of a sudden 7. soon → shortly, before long 8. almost → nearly 9. only → merely, just 10. almost never → rarely, seldom 五、主旨概括常用替换 1. show → express, convey, tell 2. tell us → convey a message, teach us a lesson 3. important → significant, vital, meaningful 4. necessary → essential 5. change → influence, affect, make a difference 6. experience → go through, live through 7. problem → difficulty, trouble, challenge 8. success → achievement, victory 六、高频 “答案词” positive: warm, caring, kind, helpful, moved, inspired, optimistic negative: anxious, awkward, upset, worried neutral: understand, realize, notice, suggest, imply 九、错误选项特征速记表 一、一眼排除：语气绝对化 选项里出现这些词，90% 是错项： only, never, always, all, none, must entirely, completely, absolutely, hardly no one, everyone, anybody, forever 口诀：绝对化表述，基本都是坑。 二、原文没提：无中生有 文章完全没出现的人、事、观点 看似合理、符合常识，但文中没有依据 利用你的生活经验 “脑补” 出来的内容 识别：原文找不到对应句子，直接划掉。 三、张冠李戴：对象搞错 把 A 做的事，安到 B 身上 把对甲的评价，说成对乙的 时间、地点、人物、事件乱配对 识别：看主语！看动作发出者！ 四、以偏概全：只讲局部 特别爱出在主旨题、标题题： 只概括某一段内容，不能代表全文 用一个小细节，充当中心思想 范围太小、太具体 识别：能概括开头 + 结尾 + 主要情节，才是正确标题。 五、扩大范围：说得太大 文章讲 “一次帮助”，选项说 “全世界的善良” 文章讲 “个人经历”，选项上升到 “人类社会” 空泛、宏大、不贴合故事本身 识别：太大太空，不选。 六、颠倒是非：与原文相反 原文说喜欢 → 选项说讨厌 原文说同意 → 选项说反对 原文是原因 → 选项说成结果 识别：注意否定词、转折词（but/however/though）。 七、偷换概念：看似像，实则错 用词很像原文，但核心意思被改 程度改变：often → always；some → all 关系改变：因果倒置、条件变结果 识别：比对原文原句，一字之差也要警惕。 八、重复原文：推理题大忌 题目是： infer /imply/suggest /conclude（推断） 只要选项是原文原句照搬，直接排除。推断题答案一定是言外之意，不是原文重复。 九、情感态度不符 文章温暖感人 → 选项冷漠、批判 人物是正面形象 → 选项说自私、虚伪 结尾是感悟成长 → 选项消极、悲观 识别：情感基调不对，直接排除。 十、过度解读：想太深 英语记叙文很直白，不搞 “弦外之音”。 文章没暗示，你自己脑补深层含义 过度升华、强行拔高主题 加戏：阴谋论、复杂心理 识别：忠于原文，不做编剧。 十一、考场快速排除口诀 绝对表述先排除，无中生有不要选。 张冠李戴看主语，以偏概全不全面。 颠倒是非看转折，偷换概念细比对。 原文原句不推理，情感基调要一致。 第 1 页 共 24 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $