2026年外刊素材改编的阅读理解C、D篇专项练习4篇 -2026届高三英语二轮复习专项

2026年外刊素材改编的阅读理解D篇专项练习：霍尔木兹海峡 【出题说明】 1. 语篇质量： 选取了具有全球视野的地理/地质科学题材，霍尔木兹海峡（Strait of Hormuz）地质奇观素材，词汇涵盖了 tectonic, subduction, depression, maritime等中高阶学术词汇，完美契合新高考D篇对语篇难度的要求。 2. 逻辑设计： 题目考查从具体的“写作比喻”到深层的“地质成因”，再到“主旨概括”，形成了由表及里的考查梯度。 3. 干扰项设置： 33题和34题的干扰项均选自文中的零散信息（如Tethys Ocean或Musandam Peninsula），但由于逻辑关联错误而被排除，这考查了学生对因果逻辑的严密判断。 【题目】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 D篇 The Strait of Hormuz is widely known as one of the world’s most prominent maritime “chokepoints,” with about a quarter of the global seaborne oil trade passing through its narrow waters. However, beyond its economic and political significance, it is a geological marvel. According to Mike Searle, a professor at Oxford University, this waterway provides rare evidence of the massive collision between two continents. The formation of the strait began roughly 35 million years ago when the Arabian plate to the south pushed northward under the Eurasian plate. This process, known as subduction, consumed the ancient Tethys Ocean as the landmasses knitted together. Mark Allen from Durham University describes this collision using a vivid analogy: both plates shortened and thickened "just like if you crash two cars together". This immense pressure created the present-day Zagros Mountains in Iran. To understand why the strait itself formed, Allen suggests thinking of the Arabian plate as a "bendy ruler." When the weight of the newly formed mountains pushed down on one end of the plate, the "ruler" dipped, creating a vast depression. Over time, rising sea levels following the melting of glacial ice sheets flooded this depression, eventually forming the Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz. Remarkably, the same tectonic forces also endowed the region with its staggering oil reserves. For millions of years before the collision, the Arabian plate sat just below sea level, accumulating the organic materials necessary for oil. The subsequent collision trapped these pockets of oil and gas under massive rock layers. "What is distinctive about the Middle East is the sheer scale of it," says Allen, noting that these fields are large enough to last for decades. The landscape continues to evolve today. The Musandam Peninsula of Oman is still thrusting northward, causing the strait to gradually pinch. While this geological "closing" is inevitable, scientists estimate it won't be completed for at least another 10 million years. 32. How does the author explain the tectonic process of the continental collision? A. By comparing it to a common accident. B. By providing specific laboratory data. C. By listing the names of ancient oceans. D. By describing the melting of ice sheets. 33. What caused the physical depression that eventually became the Strait of Hormuz? A. The rising sea levels from the Tethys Ocean. B. The weight of mountains pressing on the plate. C. The accumulation of massive oil and gas reserves. D. The rapid movement of the Musandam Peninsula. 34. Why are the oil fields in this region particularly valuable according to Mark Allen? A. They are located in shallow, easy-to-drill waters. B. They were formed much faster than fields elsewhere. C. They are incredibly large and can be used for a long time. D. They consist of rare organic materials from the Zagros Mountains. 35. What is the best title for the text? A. The Global Impact of Maritime Chokepoints B. A Geological Journey: How the Strait of Hormuz Formed C. The Future of Oil Trade in the Middle East D. Musandam Peninsula: A Dagger Toward the North 答案及详解 答案： 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B 详解： 32. A (By comparing it to a common accident.) 解析： 写作手法题（对应2025新高考D篇常考题型）。第二段中，Mark Allen教授为了解释两个板块碰撞挤压的过程，使用了比喻（analogy），将其描述为“就像两辆车撞在一起”（just like if you crash two cars together）。A选项“通过将其与一起普通事故进行比较”正确。故选A。 33. B (The weight of mountains pressing on the plate.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中“bendy ruler”（弯曲的尺子）的比喻，当山脉（mountain range）的重量压在板块的一端时，板块下沉形成了洼地（depression），这便是海峡的前身。故选B。 34. C (They are incredibly large and can be used for a long time.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段末尾，Mark Allen指出中东地区石油储备的独特之处在于“sheer scale”（庞大的规模），并且这些油田可以“last for many decades”（持续数十年）。C选项“它们极其巨大且可以使用很长时间”与之吻合。故选C。 35. B (A Geological Journey: How the Strait of Hormuz Formed) 解析： 标题归纳题。文章从海峡的地质重要性切入，详细解释了地壳运动（板块碰撞、 subduction）、地理特征形成（洼地沉降、海平面上升）以及这种地质过程带来的资源影响（石油）。B选项“地质之旅：霍尔木兹海峡是如何形成的”最全面、最精准地概括了全文内容。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年外刊素材改编的阅读理解D篇专项练习：深海探测技术 【出题说明】 这套D篇题目高度还原了新高考说明文的测试逻辑： 1. 科普性与逻辑性并重： 文章探讨了前沿的深海探测技术（ARMS和rebreather），符合新高考“人与自然”的科学探索主题。 2. 考查维度： 32题考查文章的修辞手段（说明方法）；33题考查核心概念的对比提取；34题考查对安全风险的因果逻辑推断；35题考查语境化下的隐喻理解。 3. 选项干扰： 干扰项设计（如34题B、35题D）往往基于文中的局部词汇（如toxic gas或dangerous），要求学生必须具备整合全文信息的能力，而非简单的词汇对应。 【题目】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 D篇 For deep reef divers, descending into the ocean’s mesophotic layer, also known as the "twilight zone," can feel like exploring the moon. In this part of the ocean, stretching between 130 and 490 feet deep, sunlight is scarce and mysteries abound. Recently, a team of "aquanauts" led by ichthyologist Luiz Rocha ventured into the Blue Hole, a 330-foot-deep underwater sinkhole in Guam, to retrieve monitoring structures placed there eight years ago. To reach these depths, Rocha relies on a device known as a rebreather. Unlike regular scuba systems that supply a set amount of air and release bubbles, rebreathers recycle the air a diver exhales. This technology allows divers to stay longer and go deeper, but it comes with immense risks. A gas mix malfunction can incapacitate a diver, and a rapid ascent can trigger decompression sickness—a life-threatening condition caused by nitrogen bubbles in the blood. Consequently, while it takes less than 10 minutes to reach the destination, the return journey to the surface can take up to five hours of controlled ascent. The mission's primary goal was to retrieve Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures, or ARMS. These stacks of plates mimic the complex structure of the seafloor and act as artificial reefs to collect marine life. Because the twilight zone is too deep for conventional divers and too shallow for most submersibles, it remains largely unexplored. Rocha’s ARMS offer a rare window into this hidden world, where creatures often appear "otherworldly". Scientists once assumed that deeper reefs were lifeless and drab. However, recent expeditions have revealed that the twilight zone is wildly biodiverse, harboring colorful species like snow-forest-like sea slugs and unknown cardinalfish. Despite these discoveries, Carole Baldwin from the Smithsonian Institution notes that our knowledge of deep reefs is still "in its infancy". As Rocha puts it, for an explorer, there is nothing better than finding a species that nobody has ever seen before. 32. How does the author present the concept of the "twilight zone" in paragraph 1? A. By providing historical data. B. By making a vivid comparison. C. By listing various marine species. D. By questioning the safety of diving. 33. What is the main difference between rebreathers and regular scuba systems? A. The depth they can reach. B. The type of gas they utilize. C. The way they handle exhaled air. D. The speed at which they allow ascent. 34. What can be inferred about the divers' journey back to the surface? A. It is physically more exhausting than descending. B. It requires a specific combination of toxic gases. C. It is much shorter than the time spent on the seafloor. D. It must be carefully timed to avoid health complications. 35. What does the underlined phrase "in its infancy" in the last paragraph mean? A. At a very early stage. B. Under great pressure. C. Difficult to understand. D. Extremely dangerous to study. 答案及详解 答案： 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 详解： 32. B (By making a vivid comparison.) 解析： 写作手法题（对应2025全国一卷32题模式）。第一段首句提到进入该区域“can feel like exploring the moon”，将深海探索比作月球探索，是一种生动的比喻/对比（vivid comparison）。故选B。 33. C (The way they handle exhaled air.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike regular scuba systems... rebreathers recycle the air that a diver exhales”可知，两者的本质区别在于对呼出空气的处理方式（回收利用 vs. 排放气泡）。故选C。 34. D (It must be carefully timed to avoid health complications.) 解析： 推断题（对应2025全国一卷34题模式）。文章第六段提到快速上升会导致减压病（decompression sickness），这是一种危及生命的状况。第八段补充说，从330英尺深处返回需要4到5个小时的“慢速且受控的上升”。由此可推断，上升过程必须经过精确的时间控制，以确保安全，避免健康问题。故选D。 35. A (At a very early stage.) 解析： 词义猜测题。根据最后一段语境，专家Carole Baldwin提到“Most places still have not been explored”，紧接着说我们的知识处于“infancy”。infancy原意为“婴儿期”，在此指代科学研究尚处于起步阶段、非常早期的阶段。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年外刊素材改编的阅读理解C篇专项练习：科学发现话题 【出题说明】 1. 语篇选择： 本文选取了最新的（2026年的彗星预报），符合新高考“人与自然”的主题语境，体现了时效性。 2. 考查深度： 24题考查对非正式定义的提取。 25题考查对科学现象因果关系的理解。 26题考查语境词义推断。 27题考查作者意图与事实区分（最亮 vs 伟大）。 3. 选项设计： 干扰项（如24题的D，27题的C）均源自文中提及的零碎信息，但逻辑上不成立，旨在测试考生的严谨阅读能力。 【题目】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C篇 Every few years, a comet appears that promises something extraordinary. Comet C/2025 R3 (PanSTARRS), currently visible through binoculars, is already drawing attention. Some even compare it to the rare “great comets” that put on dazzling sky shows. But what exactly makes a comet “great”? The term “great comet” is not an official scientific classification. Instead, it is a societal label rooted in how a comet appears to viewers on Earth. While the designation is subjective, astronomers generally agree on one key criterion: visibility to the naked eye. “My personal definition is simple: If you go outside and look in the correct direction, the comet should be obvious with just a glance, requiring no optical aids,” says astronomer David Schleicher. Most comets never reach this level, remaining visible only through telescopes. Predicting whether a comet will become “great” is notoriously difficult. Comets, comprised mostly of ice and rock, are unstable, and their brightness changes without regularity. A comet might experience a sudden outburst of dust and gas as it warms up near the sun, only to fade quickly after. Furthermore, as comets approach the sun, their icy bodies vaporize. In some cases, they may disintegrate entirely before they have a chance to put on a spectacular show. Regarding C/2025 R3, astronomers have determined it likely formed near Saturn or Uranus and spent billions of years in the Oort Cloud’s “deep freeze” before arriving in our vicinity. However, its potential to become a “great comet” is limited. Its nucleus is estimated to be less than one kilometer in size—relatively small by cometary standards. While it might be the brightest comet of 2026, it likely won’t be a “great” one. “That distinction is important,” says Schleicher. “A comet can outperform others in a given year and still fall far short of a naked-eye spectacle.” 24. What is the consensus among astronomers regarding a “great comet”? A. it must be officially classified by scientists. B. It should be easily seen without equipment. C. It needs to remain visible for over 18 months. D. It must be larger than one kilometer in diameter. 25. Why is it hard for scientists to predict a comet’s brightness? A. Comets tend to stay far away from the sun. B. Optical aids often provide inaccurate data. C. The structure of comets is naturally unstable. D. Dust and gas on the surface block the view. 26. What does the underlined word “disintegrate” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Break apart. B. Slow down. C. Shine brighter. D. Change color. 27. What is the author’s main point about Comet C/2025 R3? A. It is the most dangerous comet ever found. B. It will definitely become a historic great comet. C. It provides a rare chance to study the Oort Cloud. D. It is bright but fails to meet the “great comet” standard. 答案及详解 答案： 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. D 详解： 24. B (It should be easily seen without equipment.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段提到，天文学家对“great comet”有一个共同的标准，即“visibility to the naked eye”（肉眼可见）。David Schleicher也解释说，这意味着“no optical aids”（不需要光学辅助设备）。故选B。 25. C (The structure of comets is naturally unstable.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容，“comets... are notoriously unstable”（彗星极其不稳定），其亮度变化没有规律。文中提到它们由松散的冰和岩石组成，受热会释放气体或甚至破裂，导致预测困难。故选C。 26. A (Break apart.) 解析： 词义猜测题。根据第三段语境，彗星在接近太阳时冰体会汽化（vaporize），在某些情况下，彗星在展示壮观景象之前会“disintegrate entirely”。结合后文提到的C/2026 A1彗星遭遇了这种“命运”，可以推断是指彗星彻底瓦解、破碎。故选A。 27. D (It is bright but fails to meet the “great comet” standard.) 解析： 主旨大意题。文章最后一段明确提到，虽然C/2025 R3可能是2026年最亮的彗星，但由于其内核较小（less than one kilometer），它“certainly is not going to be a great comet”。作者通过Schleicher的话强调了“最亮”与“伟大”之间的区别。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年外刊素材改编的阅读理解C篇专项练习：网络安全话题 【出题说明】 本C篇题目体现了新高考对信息提取与深度加工的要求： 1. 文本特征： 选取了极具时代感的网络安全话题，符合新高考“人与社会”的主题语境。 2. 词义考查： “juicy”的考查点在于根据上下文的逻辑关系（从target引向attractive entry point）进行推断。 3. 推断能力： 30题要求学生理解“bot”和“weapon”在网络语境下的深层含义，考查高阶思维。 4. 选项干扰： 干扰项设计（如31题的A、D）通常涉及文中局部细节或过度推断，用以考查学生对文章主旨的精准把握。 【题目】 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 C篇 How old is your Wi-Fi router? If you can’t remember the last time you thought about it, you might want to listen up. A recent FBI bulletin warns that certain older Wi-Fi routers can pose serious security risks. These devices are found in almost every home, but they are super easy to ignore. An outdated router makes your network a "juicy" target for hackers. Router security depends on the reliability of built-in software called “firmware,” which handles how the router encrypts your signal. As companies stop providing support for older, “end-of-life” models, this outdated software becomes an attractive entry point for cybercriminals. Many older routers from the late 2000s are unprotected because they no longer receive security updates. If criminals crack your router, the damage can be catastrophic. Attackers typically intercept traffic, change settings, or access connected devices like cameras and smart home systems. Because routers sit at the center of a home network, one vulnerable device can expose everything connected to it, potentially leading to identity theft and financial loss. Furthermore, a hacker can install malware to turn your device into a "bot," using your internet connection as a weapon for large-scale cybercrimes like DDoS attacks. What should you do? If your router is more than a few years old, check the manufacturer’s website to see if it is still supported. If no patches have been issued recently, replace it immediately. Experts suggest replacing a router every three to seven years to ensure it continues receiving critical security patches. Even for supported devices, you should change default passwords and enable automatic firmware updates. "WPA3 is the new modern encryption standard," says IT expert Erik Grewe. "Any new router you choose must have that." 28. Why are older routers particularly vulnerable to hacking? A. They use too much electricity. B. They lack physical protection. C. Their passwords are too short to remember. D. Their security software no longer gets updates. 29. What does the underlined word “juicy” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Moist. B. Colorful. C. Attractive. D. Expensive. 30. What can be inferred about a compromised router? A. It can slow down the speed of all public Wi-Fi. B. It may be used as a tool to commit further crimes. C. It will automatically delete all the user's personal files. D. It only affects the router itself without involving other devices. 31. What is the best title for the text? A. How to Choose a Famous Brand Router B. The History of Modern Wireless Technology C. FBI's Warning: Is Your Old Router a Security Risk? D. Why Hardware Updates Are Faster Than Software Ones 答案及详解 答案： 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. C 详解： 28. D (Their security software no longer gets updates.) 解析： 细节理解题。根据文章第二段提到，“many older routers... are unprotected because they no longer receive security updates”，以及提到“end-of-life”型号的公司停止提供支持。这说明安全软件（固件）停止更新是老旧路由器易受攻击的主因。故选D。 29. C (Attractive.) 解析： 词义猜测题。根据语境，第二段首句提到“An outdated router makes your network a 'juicy' target for hackers”。下文接着解释因为这些设备过时且缺乏保护，成为黑客的“attractive entry point”（有吸引力的切入点）。在形容目标时，juicy通常指“诱人的、有利可图的”，与attractive语义一致。故选C。 30. B (It may be used as a tool to commit further crimes.) 解析： 推断题。根据第三段提到，黑客可以将路由器变成“bot”，作为发起DDoS攻击等大规模网络犯罪的“weapon”（武器），并利用用户的连接进行黑暗网络活动。这说明被攻破的路由器会被当作进一步犯罪的工具。故选B。 31. C (FBI's Warning: Is Your Old Router a Security Risk?) 解析： 标题归纳题。文章首段引出FBI的警告，随后详细分析了旧路由器的风险、危害 以及如何通过更换和更新来应对。C选项涵盖了“FBI警告”、“旧路由器”和“安全风险”这几个核心要素，最符合说明文的标题要求。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $