Unit 1 Time to Relax 单元语法：动词不定式、一般过去时、一般现在时（精讲）2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材人教版）

八年级下册 Unit 1 Time to Relax 人教版初中英语 语法专项 1 人教版8下（单元） 语法点 Unit 1 Time to Relax ①动词不定式１ 　②一般过去时 　③一般现在时 Unit 2 Stay Healthy ①反身单词1 ②情态动词(should/chould) 　③连词(because) Unit 3 Growing Up ①表让步/时间/目的连词 ②反身代词2 ③could 的多场景用法 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature ①形容词/副词比较级与最高级 ②大数的表达 ③so that④现在完成时1 Unit 5 Nature’s Temper ①过去进行时 ②连词when/while ③情态动词should ④复合名词 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures ①连词 so...that, unless, as soon as ②-ed/-ing 形容词 ③否定前缀 Unit 7 A Good Read ①现在完成时2 ②动词不定式２　③so…that…　 ④名动同形 Unit 8 Making a Differences ①for/since ②现在完成时与过去时的综合运用 2 一般过去时 CONTENTS 一般现在时 动词不定式１ 课本＋拓展（练习） 3 PART ONE 动词不定式１ 作目的状语主要是说明主句动作的 “目的”，常位于主句后，可译为 “为了……”，是本单元描述 “爱好目的” 的核心语法。 I read books to learn more about the world. 我读书是为了更多地了解世界。 She draws pictures to make herself happy. 她画画是为了让自己开心。 He plays basketball to keep healthy. 他打篮球是为了保持健康。 We listen to music to relax after school. 我们听音乐是为了放学后放松。 动词不定式作状语 结构：主句 + to do sth. 功能：说明主句动作的目的 位置：常放在主句后面，也可放句首（逗号隔开） 基本句型结构 １. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + to do sth. I get up early to catch the bus. 2. 主语 + 谓语 + to do sth. He studies hard to improve his English. 3. To do sth., 主语 + 谓语…（句首表强调） To keep healthy, we should exercise every day. not to do sth. 表示 为了不…… He got up early not to miss the train. 同义替换（考试常考） to do = in order to do（更正式） I went there to see him. = I went there in order to see him. to do = so that + 句子（后接从句） He runs fast to win. = He runs fast so that he can win. 肯定形式 否定形式 6 本单元常用场景（爱好 / 活动目的） play… to… go… to… do… to… learn… to… practice… to… 1. We play board games to spend time with friends. 我们玩桌游是为了和朋友共度时光。 2. He goes to the chess club to learn new strategies. 他去国际象棋俱乐部是为了学习新战术。 3. She does volunteer work to help people in need. 她做志愿工作是为了帮助有需要的人。 4. We learn to take photos to record our happy moments. 我们学拍照是为了记录我们的幸福时刻。 5. She practices drawing to become a cartoonist in the future. 她练习画画是为了将来成为一名漫画家。 7 动词不定式作宾语补足语（详解） My mother asked me to clean my room. （妈妈要求我打扫房间。——“打扫房间” 补充说明 “我” 的动作） Our teacher told us to listen carefully in class. （老师告诉我们上课认真听讲。——“认真听讲” 补充说明 “我们” 的动作） His friend invited him to watch a movie together. （他的朋友邀请他一起看电影。——“一起看电影” 补充说明 “他” 的动作） The doctor advised her to rest more at home. （医生建议她在家多休息。——“多休息” 补充说明 “她” 的动作） My friend warned me to be careful with strangers. （朋友提醒我要小心陌生人。——“小心陌生人” 补充说明 “我” 的动作） Our teacher encouraged us to try our best in the exam. （老师鼓励我们在考试中尽最大努力。——“尽最大努力” 补充说明 “我们” 的动作） 8 省略 to 的情况 I saw some kids play basketball on the playground. （我看见一些孩子在操场上打篮球。——see 后省略 to） We heard her sing an English song just now. （我们刚才听见她唱了一首英文歌。——hear 后省略 to） They watched the players run in the race. （他们观看选手们在比赛中奔跑。——watch 后省略 to） Let me help you with your homework. （让我帮你辅导作业吧。——let 后省略 to） The teacher made us keep quiet in class. （老师让我们在课堂上保持安静。——make 后省略 to） My dad had me clean my room this morning. （爸爸今天早上让我打扫了房间。——have 后省略 to） 感官动词（see/hear/watch/notice/find/feel等）和使役动词（let/make/have等）后接宾语补足语时，不定式省略 to。 9 疑问词 + 不定式” 结构 what/how/where/when 等疑问词可与不定式连用，构成名词性短语，在句中作主语、宾语等，单元中多出现于 “询问爱好相关的方法” 场景。 I don’t know how to use this brush. （我不知道怎么用这支毛笔。—— 作宾语） What to do in free time is a question for many students. （空闲时做什么是很多学生的疑问。—— 作主语） He doesn’t know when to start his hobby. （他不知道什么时候开始培养他的爱好。—— 作宾语） Can you tell me where to find more books about drawing? （你能告诉我在哪里能找到更多关于画画的书吗？—— 作宾语） Where to go for our hobby class is still a problem. （去哪里上我们的兴趣课仍然是个问题。—— 作主语） 10 动词不定式的否定式 由 “not + to + 动词原形” 构成，用于表达 “不建议、禁止的动作”，单元中多出现于 “爱好相关的提醒”。 The teacher told us not to waste time on computer games. 老师告诉我们不要把时间浪费在电脑游戏上。 My dad warned me not to touch the hot ink when I practice calligraphy. 爸爸提醒我练书法时不要碰热墨水。 She asked her brother not to disturb her while she is drawing. 她让弟弟在她画画时不要打扰她。 The coach told the players not to give up halfway in the match. 教练告诉选手们比赛中不要半途而废。 My friend advised me not to copy others’ homework. 朋友建议我不要抄别人的作业。 11 PART TWO 一般过去时 一般过去时的构成 句式 结构 例句（英） 例句（中） 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I played basketball yesterday. 我昨天打了篮球。 否定句 主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 He didn’t watch TV last night. 他昨晚没看电视。 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + …? Did you clean your room? 你打扫房间了吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形…? What did you do last weekend? 你上周末做了什么？ 一般过去时的基本用法 描述过去的爱好经历： 表示过去某个时间发生的 “短暂动作” 或存在的 “状态”，常与明确的过去时间状语（yesterday, last week, when sb. was... 等）连用。 I liked swimming when I was a primary school student. 我小学的时候喜欢游泳。 He played the guitar every day last year. 他去年每天都弹吉他。 She practiced drawing yesterday afternoon. 她昨天下午练习画画了。 They went to the chess club last weekend. 他们上周末去了国际象棋俱乐部。 My brother learned paper cutting when he was ten. 我哥哥十岁时学过剪纸。 We watched a magic show last Friday. 我们上周五看了一场魔术表演。 一般过去时的基本用法 1. 表过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I joined the art club last term. 我上学期加入了美术社团。 —joined 表过去发生的动作，last term 是明确过去时间。 We visited a museum yesterday. 我们昨天参观了一个博物馆。 —visited 表过去动作，yesterday 是典型过去时间状语。 He practiced basketball last Friday. 他上周五练习了篮球。 —practiced 表过去动作，last Friday 说明动作发生在过去。 They had a good time last night. 他们昨晚玩得很开心。 —had 表过去动作，last night 限定过去时间。 一般过去时的基本用法 2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 I often played football after school when I was in Grade 7.我七年级时放学后经常踢足球。 —often + 过去时，表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作。 She usually went to the library on weekends last year.她去年周末常去图书馆。 —usually + 过去时，说明过去一段时间内的习惯。 He practiced the piano every day when he was young.他小时候每天都练钢琴。 —every day + 过去时，表示过去习惯性动作。 We always helped our teacher clean the classroom last term.上学期我们总是帮老师打扫教室。 —always + 过去时，表示过去反复发生的习惯行为。 My brother swam twice a week when he was 12. 我哥哥 12 岁时每周游泳两次。 —twice a week 表明过去一段时间内的习惯性动作。 一般过去时的基本用法 3. 和一般过去时连用的时间状语 类别 时间状语 明确过去时间 yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 上一个…… last night, last week, last month, last year, last Sunday 以前 … ago (two days ago, three years ago) 过去某个时候 just now, then, at that time 具体过去时间 in 2020, in 2019, on May 5th 过去时段 when I was young, when I was 7, when I was in Grade 7 PART THREE 一般现在时 一般现在时的构成 句式 结构 例句（英） 例句（中） 肯定句 主语 + 动词原形 / 第三人称单数形式 + 其他 He plays basketball every day. 他每天打篮球。 否定句 主语 + don’t/doesn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 She doesn’t like milk. 她不喜欢牛奶。 一般疑问句 Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + …? Do you get up early? 你起床早吗？ 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + do/does + 主语 + 动词原形 + …? What do you do on Sundays? 你周日做什么？ 一般现在时的基本用法 描述过去的爱好经历： 表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在存在的状态，以及普遍真理 / 客观事实，常与频率副词（always, usually, often, sometimes, never, every day/week 等）连用。 He plays basketball with his friends every weekend.他每个周末都和朋友打篮球。 She practices drawing after school every day.她每天放学后练习画画。 They go to the chess club twice a week. 他们每周去两次国际象棋俱乐部。 My brother learns paper cutting in his free time. 我哥哥在空闲时间学习剪纸。 We often watch magic shows on TV. 我们经常在电视上看魔术表演。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。（客观真理） 一般现在时的基本用法 1.搭配 every day/week/month, often, usually, always 等频率词，体现日常习惯。结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 三单 + 频率词 + 其他 I usually walk to school every morning. 我通常每天早上步行去上学。 He always brushes his teeth before going to bed.他总是在睡觉前刷牙。 We often play badminton after class.我们经常在课后打羽毛球。 She sometimes eats out with her family on weekends.她有时周末和家人出去吃饭。 tip：频率词位置：be 动词 / 助动词后，实义动词前（如 She is always late. / He often runs.） 一般现在时的基本用法 2.描述当前持续的爱好、性格、状态，无时间限制 结构：主语 + be 动词 / 状态动词 + 表语 例句： I love listening to music in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间听音乐。 She is very kind and helpful to her classmates.她对同学非常友善、乐于助人。 My father works as a doctor in a hospital.我爸爸在一家医院当医生。 This book belongs to my sister.这本书是我妹妹的。 tip：状态动词（love, like, hate, know, believe, be, have 等） 一般不用于进行时，只用一般现在时表当前状态。 一般现在时的基本用法 3.表达永恒不变的事实、自然规律、科学常识，永远用一般现在时 结构：主语 + 动词原形 / 三单 + 客观事实 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 Water boils at 100℃. 水在 100 摄氏度沸腾。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。 tip：即使在宾语从句中，主句是过去时，客观真理仍用一般现在时 The teacher told us that the earth is round. 老师告诉我们地球是圆的。 PART FOUR 课本＋拓展（练习） 中文翻译 你空闲时间做什么？ 我吹长笛来放松。 你周末是怎么过的？ 我去了体育中心去滑冰。 你是怎么开始画画的？ 我看到我妈妈画画，于是决定试一试。 你的教练说了什么？ 她告诉我不要这么轻易放弃。 课本 练一练 目的状语 目的状语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 decide to forget to fly fly to relax to relax not to push not to forget 26 to play not to come to stay to watch to listen to chat to spend do 27 单项选择 1．Our country tries to do everything it can ______ us live a better life and it never gives up ______ us. A．help; to help B．to help; help C．to help; helping 2．My best friend makes me ________happy every day. A．feel B．feels C．feeling D．to feel 3．Remember ________ all the windows before you leave home. A storm is on the way. A．close B．to close C．closing D．closed 4．________ get more information, she called her father. A．In order that B．To C．Because D．So that 5．—Why do you stay up late? —________ finish my homework. A．So that B．In order that C．To D．Because 拓展 练一练 28 6．—I remember there ______ lots of fish in Yanglan Lake. Now it has been polluted. —I think we should play a role in protecting the environment. A．are used to be B．used to have C．used to be 7．Julie’s father ________ to London last month. He ________ there four times. A．went; will go B．has gone; has been C．went; has been D．has been; went 8．I ________ in Egypt for three days two years ago. A．am B．will be C．have been D．was 9．He used to ________ afraid of speaking in front of people, but now he is brave. A．be B．being C．is D．was 10．—When ________ this magazine ________? —Last month. A．did; come out B．was; come out C．has; come out D．will; come out 29 11．She ________ junk food because it ________ bad for health. A．don’t eat; is B．doesn’t eat; is C．doesn’t eat; are 12．This kind of book ________ well and ________ out quickly. A．sells; is sold B．is sold; sells C．sells; sold D．is sold; is sold 13．—Everyone should do their part in keeping the house clean and tidy because doing chores ________ one of our jobs. —I agree with you. It can also let us know the idea of fairness. A．are B．is C．will be 14．She always ________ positive even when she faces many difficulties in her study. A．remain B．remains C．remained D．remaining 15．This factory ______ cheap phones every year. A．produces B．produce C．will produce D．produced 拓展练一练 30 拓展练一练 16．The book The Old Man and the Sea ________ me a lot. I like it very much. A．influenced B．influence C．influences D．influencing 17．Maggie gets up at 6:00 every morning and ________ exercise. A．do B．does C．doing D．did 18．The moon ________ around the Earth all the time. A．move B．moves C．moved D．is moving 19．My hamster is small and quiet, and it ________ very sweet. A．look B．looks C．looked D．is looking 20．Many small inventions ________ our lives more convenient. A．make B．makes C．made D．has made 21．The room ________ every day, so it ________ clean and tidy. A．is cleaned; is stayed B．is cleaned; stays C．cleans; stays D．cleans; is stayed 31 THE END 人教版初中英语 语法专项 32 $