Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元语法：过去进行时、when和while、情态动词should、复合名词（精讲）2025-2026学年八年级英语下册（新教材人教版）

八年级下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper 人教版初中英语 语法专项 1 人教版8下（单元） 语法点 Unit 1 Time to Relax ①动词不定式１ 　②一般过去时 　③一般现在时 Unit 2 Stay Healthy ①反身单词1 ②情态动词(should/chould) 　③连词(because) Unit 3 Growing Up ①表让步/时间/目的连词 ②反身代词2 ③ could 的多场景用法 Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature ①形容词/副词比较级与最高级 ②大数的表达 ③so that④现在完成时1 Unit 5 Nature’s Temper ①过去进行时 ②连词when/while ③情态动词should ④复合名词 Unit 6 Crossing Cultures ①连词 so...that, unless, as soon as ②-ed/-ing 形容词 ③否定前缀 Unit 7 A Good Read ①现在完成时2 ②动词不定式２　③so…that…　 ④名动同形 Unit 8 Making a Differences ①for/since ②现在完成时与过去时的综合运用 2 过去进行时 CONTENTS 连词when/while 课本＋拓展（练习） 情态动词should 复合名词 3 PART ONE 过去进行时 4 过去进行时核心用法（灾害场景专项） 用法 关键词 / 引导词 结构 例句 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作（单元语法核心） at the time of… when… was/were + doing ①What were you doing at the time of the earthquake? — I was doing my homework. ②When the typhoon hit, Haitao’s family were reading together at home. 为过去动作提供背景（场景铺垫） while… was/were + doing ①While everyone was enjoying the beach that morning, Tilly noticed strange waves. ②While we were driving home, the strong winds started. 5 过去进行时的结构与句式变换 句式 结构 例句 肯定式 主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing Liu Yun was traveling on the train when the snowstorm started. 否定式 主语 + was/were not + 动词 - ing The boy was not playing outside when the typhoon hit—he was at home having dinner. 一般疑问式 Was/Were + 主语 + 动词 - ing + …? Were you sleeping when the rainstorm came? 特殊疑问式 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词 - ing + …? What were you doing when the earthquake happened? 6 过去进行时与一般过去时的辨析 对比项目 过去进行时 一般过去时   核心含义 强调过去某段时间正在持续进行的动作，突出过程 强调过去已经完成的动作，突出结果 / 事实   常用连词 while（后接长动作） when（可接长 / 短动作）   基本结构 was /were + 动词 - in 动词过去式（did） 典型例句 While I was doing chores, my mother prepared lunch. 我正在做家务时，妈妈做好了午饭。 While I was doing chores, my mother prepared lunch. 我在做家务时，妈妈做好了午饭。 7 PART TWO 连词when/while 连词 when 与 while 的用法（结合灾害场景） 项目 内容 共性 都用来引导时间状语从句，描述灾害发生时前后动作的时间关联，常与过去进行时、一般过去时搭配使用。 差异①：when 1. 既可接短暂动作，也可接持续动作 2. 从句动作可以发生在主句之前、之后或同时 差异②：while 1. 只能接持续进行的动作（多用 v.-ing 形式） 2. 从句动作与主句动作必须同时进行 单元主题例句 When the tsunami came, people were running for safety. 海啸来临时，人们正跑向安全地带。→ came 短暂动作，用 when While the typhoon was blowing, we stayed inside and listened to the radio. 台风肆虐时，我们待在室内听收音机。→ was blowing 持续动作，用 while When the rainstorm stopped, we went out to check the yard. 暴风雨停下时，我们出去查看院子。→ stopped 短暂动作，用 when While the flood was rising, the volunteers were helping people move away. 洪水不断上涨时，志愿者们正在帮人们转移。→ was rising 持续动作，用 while 句式结构（含有when／ While ） 结构１：主句（过去进行时）+ when + 从句（一般过去时） We were driving home when the strong winds started. 我们正开车回家时，大风突然刮起。 I was reading a book when the earthquake happened. 地震发生时，我正在看书。 结构２： While + 从句（过去进行时）+ 主句（过去进行时 / 一般过去时） While Tilly was walking along the beach, she noticed strange waves. 蒂莉正在海滩散步时，发现了异常的海浪。 While the students were having class, the rainstorm began. 学生们正在上课的时候，暴风雨开始了。 PART THREE 情态动词should 表义务与建议（核心用法） 情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议专项） should 最常用于给出防灾、避险、安全自救类的建议和要求，语气明确、直接，强调这是正确且必要的做法。 基本结构： 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 否定句：主语 + should not /shouldn’t + 动词原形 适用场景：灾害来临前准备、灾害发生时如何避险、灾害过后注意事项。 We should learn some basic first aid knowledge to help others in a disaster. 我们应该学习一些基本的急救知识，以便在灾害中帮助他人。 Everyone should know the nearest safe shelter in their community. 每个人都应该知道社区里最近的安全避难所。 否定式 shouldn’t 表示不应该做的危险行为： You shouldn’t stand under tall trees during a thunderstorm. 雷雨天气时，你不应该站在大树下。 You shouldn’t use the elevator when there is a fire or an earthquake. 发生火灾或地震时，你不应该乘坐电梯。 We shouldn’t go back to a dangerous area right after a disaster has passed. 灾害刚过去后，我们不应该立刻回到危险区域。 You shouldn’t touch electrical wires that have fallen down on the ground. 你不应该触碰掉落在地上的电线。 表义务与建议（核心用法） 情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议专项） 描述自然奇观的尺寸：用于 “高度、深度、面积” 等数据表述，是本单元 “地理事实陈述” 的核心技能。 should：语气直接、坚定、有强制性 表示必须做、应该做、一定要做，是防灾中的关键措施、安全底线、硬性要求，不这样做可能会有危险。 You should leave the dangerous building at once after an earthquake. 地震后你应该立刻离开危险建筑。 You should follow the instructions of the police and rescue workers. 你应该听从警察和救援人员的指挥。 We should prepare a go-bag with food and medicine for possible disasters. 我们应该准备一个装有食物和药品的应急包，以备可能发生的灾害。 should 与 could 的语气对比 情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议专项） 描述自然奇观的尺寸：用于 “高度、深度、面积” 等数据表述，是本单元 “地理事实陈述” 的核心技能。 could：语气委婉、轻松、可选择 表示可以做、不妨做、有条件可以做，是可选建议、补充方法、替代方案，不是必须，只是一种可行的安全方式。 You could turn off the gas and electricity before leaving your home. 你离家前可以关掉燃气和电源。 You could call your family to tell them you are safe after the disaster. 灾害过后，你可以给家人打电话报平安。 We could take some photos of the damage to help with the rescue work. 我们可以拍一些受灾情况的照片，为救援工作提供帮助。 should 与 could 的语气对比 情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议专项） You should stay indoors during a typhoon. 台风期间你应该待在室内。（必须遵守，安全底线） You could read books or listen to music to stay safe and relaxed indoors. 你可以在室内看书或听音乐，既安全又放松。（可选做法，非必须） You should run away quickly when you see a big fire. 看到大火时你应该迅速逃离。（必须做） You could cover your mouth with a wet cloth to protect yourself from smoke. 你可以用湿布捂住口鼻，防止吸入烟雾。（可以选择的保护方式） should 与 could 在同一场景下的对比 情态动词 should 的用法（防灾建议专项） PART FOUR 复合名词 复合名词（自然灾害相关） 构成：名词+名词 → 表示自然灾害类型、灾害相关事物 形容词+名词 → 表示灾害特征、防灾相关事物 使用场景：多用于描述自然灾害种类、灾害产物、防灾设施、应急物品等，是英语阅读与写作中高频实用词汇。 自然灾害相关复合名词一览表 复合名词 构成方式 中文 wildfire 名词 + 名词 野火，森林火灾 snowstorm 名词 + 名词 暴风雪 floodwater 名词 + 名词 洪水，涝水 landslide 名词 + 名词 滑坡，山崩 复合名词 构成方式 中文 earthquake 名词 + 名词 地震 rainstorm 名词 + 名词 暴雨，暴风雨 firstaid 形容词+名词 急救 lifeline 名词 + 名词 生命线／救援通道 可数复合名词：表示 “一场、一次、多种” 灾害，复数直接在词尾加 -s 不可数复合名词：表示 “物质、力量、液体” 等，没有复数形式 复合名词的用法要点 可数复合名词（复数 +s） wildfire → wildfires　野火 snowstorm → snowstorms　暴风雪 rainstorm → rainstorms　暴雨 earthquake → earthquakes　地震 landslide → landslides　滑坡 不可数复合名词（无复数） floodwater　洪水 manpower　人力 rainwater　雨水 firefighting　消防 单元主题例句 A heavy rainstorm hit the city and caused many problems. 一场强暴雨袭击了这座城市，造成了许多问题。 The strong snowstorm stopped people from going out. 猛烈的暴风雪让人们无法外出。 The terrible earthquake happened at midnight. 可怕的地震在半夜发生了。 Many houses were broken because of the big landslide. 这次大滑坡毁坏了许多房屋。 We should learn to safeguard ourselves in dangerous situations. 我们应该学会在危险情况下保护自己。 PART FIVE 　课本+拓展（练习） 过去进行时：结构为 was/were + 动词-ing，表示过去某一时刻 / 某一段时间内正在发生的动作。 when 和 while 的用法区别： while 后面通常接过去进行时（表示持续的背景动作），如 while it was snowing。 when 后面可以接一般过去时（表示短暂的突发动作），如 when the typhoon hit，也可以接过去进行时。 课本 练一练 ①I was doing my homework when the typhoon landed on the coast. 解析：做作业是延续动作，用过去进行时；台风登陆是短暂动作，用一般过去时，用when引导。 ②My father and I were making dinner when the power went out. 解析：做饭是延续动作，用过去进行时；停电是短暂动作，用一般过去时，用when引导。 ③Kate was writing a letter when her brother called to warn her of the storm. 解析：写信是延续动作，用过去进行时；打电话是短暂动作，用一般过去时，用when引导。 ④While my parents were packing the supplies, I was moving our things off the floor. 解析：两个动作都是同时进行的延续动作，都用过去进行时，用while引导。 ⑤While I was sleeping soundly, it was raining cats and dogs. 解析：两个动作都是同时进行的延续动作，都用过去进行时，用while引导。也可以说：I was sleeping soundly when it rained cats and dogs. 但while更贴合 “持续下雨” 的语境。 答 案 24 was While were When were 主语 the rain 是单数，过去进行时用 was + doing 后面接延续性动作 were waiting，用 while 主语 they 是复数，过去进行时用 were + doing 后面接短暂性动作 stepped outside，用 when 主语 some 指代复数的 “一些人”，过去进行时用 were + doing 25 单项选择 1．My parents ________ breakfast when I was brushing my teeth. A．are preparing B．were preparing 　　C．prepared 　　D．prepare 2．While I _______ my homework, my mother was cooking dinner. A．do 　　　　B．did 　　C．was doing 　　D．am doing 3．When the teacher came into the classroom, the students _______ loudly. A．were talking 　B．are talking C．talk 　D．talked 4．Peter took a photo of his friends while they ________ computer games. A．were playing 　B．are playing 　　C．play 5．________ I was walking down the street, I saw a car accident. A．When 　B．While 　　C．After 　　　D．Before 拓展练一练 26 6．—What’s the matter with Sam?　　—He hurt his leg while he ________ football. A．was playing B．is playing 　　C．played 7．They ________ through the countryside when their car suddenly broke down. A．drive B．are driving 　　C．were driving 　　D．will drive 8．While we ________ for the bus, it suddenly began to snow. A．waited B．were waiting C．wait D．are waiting 9．I ________ my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening. A．do 　　　B．did 　　C．was doing 　　D．am doing 10．My father ________ TV when he ________ a loud noise from the garden yesterday evening. A．watched; heard 　　　　B．was watching; heard C．watched; was hearing 　D．was watching; was hearing 27 11．The meeting is very important. All team members ________ arrive on time. A．should 　B．don’t have to 　　C．can 　D．might 12．Our teacher told us that we ______ stay away from tall trees during a lightning storm. A．should 　B．may 　C．can 　D．might 13．—I’m not feeling well, Dr. Green. My stomach aches a lot. —You ________ take some medicine and lie down for a rest. A．should 　B．can 　C．shouldn’t 14．— ______ we go hiking tomorrow? The weather report says it might rain. —Let’s stay at home and watch a movie instead. A．Must 　B．Should 　　C．Need 　　D．Can 15．You ________ ask for permission before taking photos of local people in some places. A．can 　B．should 　　C．may 　　D．will 28 16．—I have a toothache. What should I do? —You ________ eat too much candy. A．should B．needn’t 　C．shouldn’t D．must 17．You ________ wash your hands before meals. It’s a good habit. A．should B．shouldn’t 　　C．can 　D．can’t 18．Teenagers ________ learn to manage their time well. A．can B．should 　　C．may 　　D．would 19．You ________ eat too much junk food. It’s bad for your health. A．should B．shouldn’t 　　C．needn’t 20．You ________ lie; it’s not good for you. A．needn’t B．shouldn’t 　　C．can’t 　　D．mustn’t 21．We ________ give up when facing difficulties. A．should B．shouldn’t 　　　C．must D．need 29 THE END 人教版初中英语 语法专项 30 $