必修1 Unit 3 Getting along with others-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

基础 Unit 3 主题语境人与社会 一友谊 备 Getting along with others 析>译>背高考复杂句式 XI YI BEI GAOKAO FUZA JUSHI 高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1.(2024·新课标I卷)When reading 本句是一个主从复合句。When reading 当阅读几百字或更多 texts of several hundred words or texts of several hundred words or more 的文本时，在纸上学 more,learning is generally more 是when引导的省略的状语从句；when 习通常比在屏幕上学 successful when it's on paper than it's on paper是when引导的状语从句。 习更成功。 onscreen. 2.(2024·新课标I卷)According to 根据这一理论，人们 this theory,people approach digital本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social 对待数字文本的态度 texts with a mindset suited to so- media作后置定语修饰mindset,which 与对待社交媒体的态 cial media,which are often not so 引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 度相当，社交媒体通 serious,and devote less mental ef- social media,and连接主句并列的谓语 常不那么严肃，相比 fort than when they are reading approach和devote。 纸质阅读，人们投入 print. 的脑力要少。 复盘>必备知识 教材盘点自主夯实 [Part 1 巧记·课标单词] >N0.1 单词分类记一层级背 adj 局促不安的； 14. n. 品德，素质 令人尴尬的；难对付的 adj. 优质的 2 n. 视野；视力 15. n. 基础，原因 3 n. 传播信息的媒介，方法； 16. ut. 尊重，尊敬 手段 n. 尊敬 4. adj 令人震惊的；可恶的 17 ut. 估量，判定 作单 5 V. 回答，回应 n. 措施；衡量 6 adj. 坦率的，直率的 试图，寻找 7. 18. 欺骗，欺诈 0 ut. 诡计，花招 19. 0 逃脱，躲避 n. 识 20 8. 忽视，对…不予理会 n. 高兴，愉快 vt. 9 误解，误会 21. n. 时光，时机 10. ut.&.n. 联系，联络 22. adv. 其实，实际上 11. adj. 宽宏大量的 23 伙人，人群 12. adj. 肤浅的，浅薄的 0. 挤满，聚积 3 n. 意见，看法 24. n. 陪伴；公司 21· 高考总复习 英语(YL) y adj.原来的；独创的；原件的n.原件；原作→ n.起源；由来；来源 2. o.恢复→ n.恢复，康复 3. n.丧失；损失→ t.(lost;lost)失去，丢失→ adj.丢失的；失去的 t.&vi.评价；评判；判断n.法官；审判员；裁判员> n.判定；裁判 可 oi.道歉；谢罪→ n.道歉；辩白 6. n.行为；举止→ vt.&vi.举动；（举止或行为）表现 个 vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n.痛苦；苦难→ n. 展单 患病者，受难者 马 vi.爆炸→ n.爆炸→ adj.爆炸的 9 adj.效率高的；有功效的→ n.效率 10. t.显示；反映；反射→ n.反应；反射 用 11. n.好处，益处→ adj.有益的，有帮助的 12. vt.&n.宽慰，安慰→ adj.舒适的 13. n.失败；失败的（人或事物）→ v.失败 14. n.认出；认可；承认→ t.认出；识别；承认 15. n.死亡→ adj.死的，失去生命的→ u.死，去世 16. n.诗人> n.诗> n.诗歌的总称 17. vt.钦佩；赞赏→> n.钦佩；欣赏；赞美 读单词 1.chat vi.&n. 2.cafe n. 5.well-meaning adj. 6.thorough adj. 3.case n. 翼 4.blog n. 7.wine n. D》 No.2 同根联想记 一一线串 1.美丽“景色；风景”入画来 2.真的“生气”了 ①scenery风景；景色 ②scene景色 ①annoy vl.使…不悦 ②explode v.勃然大怒 ③sight风景；名胜 ④view景色 ③mad/crazy adj..气愤的 ④angry adj.生气的 ⑤outlook景色；景致 ⑥landscape风景 ⑤anger n.生气 ⑥upset v.使生气 [Part 2 妙记·核心短语] >No.1 短语分类记一 层级背 脱离某人的视线 10.come between...and... 1y (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 11.in person 3 不知所措，困惑 12.through thick and thin 有错，应承担责任 13.in one's opinion 5. 无论如何，不管怎样 6 放弃，摒弃；松手 14.get over 7 依赖，依靠，指望 15.bring out 8 腐蚀，侵蚀 16.smooth out 9 最大程度地 17.be meant to do sth. ·22· 基础必备必修第一册 >N0.2 同根联想记 一一线串 get短语小结 ①get on/,along with进展；与…相处 ⑦get on上车；进展 ②get across讲清楚；被…理解 ⑧get off下车 ③get around四处走动（旅行）；（消息 等)传播 ⑨get in one'sway挡路 ④get down to开始认真（做某事） ⑩get used to习惯于 ⑤get through通过；完成；接通（电话） ①get in touch with与…取得联系 ⑥get over克服 ②get it了解，懂得，明白 [Part3速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 (不管我们是步行 1.whether.,or引导的让步状 语从句 到学校，做作业)or just hanging out at the weekend,we're hardly out of each other's sight. Our original plan (去看电影)at the cin 2.beto句式 ema that afternoon. 3.how引导的感叹句 (多么笨)Iwas！ I was (如此生气以至于我避开她)dur 4.so...that ing school all day,and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. 5.keep十宾语+宾补 Yet these days,the modern tools that (使我们保持联系的)are eating away at the meaning of friendship. 聚焦层级突破 聚焦核心要点落实 Part.1单词悟讲记 [考点归纳]一知识生成 (1)recover from... 从…中恢复过来 [核心单词] recover sth.from... 全额收回；找回，寻回 1.recover vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；找回 (2)recovery n. 恢复；痊愈；复苏 上[教材对接] make a recovery 恢复 Instead of recovering at home,she was out having [链接写作]一完成句子 fun with someone else. 4I feel very sorry.I'm wondering whether you 她不是在家康复，而是她外出与其他人开心地玩。 我觉得很抱歉。我想知道你是否已经从疾病中恢 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 复过来了。 DIt can take many years to recover the 2.respond vi.&t.回答；回应；回复；做出反应 death of a loved one. P[教材对接] 2They need to sell a million copies I still don't feel like responding to any of her online (recover)their cost. messages. ③(2023·全国甲卷)Today,there are about2,000 我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their ①(2023·北京卷)For example,stress could serve (recover)has been so successful that the U.S. as a cue that one responds by eating, Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to which produces the reward-the reduction of delist grizzlies,... stress. ·23· 高考总复习英语(YL) ②(2024·l月浙江卷)We are tempted by sugary 4.apologize vi.道歉；谢罪 treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor [教材对接] world,and our brains developed a (re- Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants spond)mechanism to these treats that reflected to apologize,or maybe she has a simple explana- their value-a feeling of reward and satisfaction. tion for her behayiour. 3His question failed to get response 也许她知道她有错并且想道歉或者也许她有对她 from any of the students. 行为的简单解释。 [考点归纳]一知识生成 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 respond to... 回应…；对…作出反应 ①He apologized the public for the delay respond that... 回答说… in announcing the information. 回答；响应；反应 ②He offered me an (apologize)for los- response n. in response to 响应；反应（通常作状语） ing my book. make (no)response to [考点归纳]—知识生成 对…（不）作出反应/回答 (1)apologize to sb.for (doing)sth. [链接写作]一完成句子 因（做）某事向某人道歉 4When asked about the company's future,the di- (2)apology n. 道歉；辩白 make/offer an apology to sb.for (doing)sth. rector 因（做）某事向某人道歉 问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。 accept/refuse an/one's apology 3.judge n.裁判员；法官；审判员vt.&i.评价；判 接受/拒绝某人的道歉 断；评判 [教材对接] [链接写作]一完成句子 Don't be so quick to judge your friend. ③（全国Ⅲ卷）After a while,she 不要很快对你的朋友做出评判。 she behaved at the beginning. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 事后她因刚开始的行为而向我道歉。 ①(2023·全国甲卷)What we discovered is that 5.suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历 ●[教材对接] it's unwise to judge what you eat only its However,if your friend ignores your feeling or makes appearance. you suffer,it's time to rethink your relationship. ② (judge)from/by his accent,he is from 然而，如果你的朋友忽视你的情感或使你痛苦，那 Canada. 么是时候重新考虑你们的关系了。 3The teacher judged him (be)honest. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 4You should take it seriously. Do not make a ①(2024·新课标I卷)He became interested in al- (judge)too quickly. ⑤ ternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered his mother is the greatest terrible back pain. in the world. 2I hope this would end my (suffer). 在他看来，他的妈妈是世界上最伟大的妈妈。 ③So,what can (suffer)do while they [考点明纳]一知识生成 are moving towards recovery? make a judgement on/about 对…作出判断 ④(2022·新高考I卷)It is also being used to help in one's judgement 按某人的看法 patients (suffer)dementia,a serious ill- judge sb./sth.(to be)+n./adj. ness of the mind. 判断/认为某人/某物是… [考点归纳]一知识生成 judge that... 断定…；认为…；估计… judge...by/from... 根据…判断… (i)suffer后常接pain,loss,defeat,poverty, judging by/from... 从…来判断 hunger,punishment,hardship,damage等名词 judgement n.[C,U] 看法；判决；判断 作宾语。 suffer from受罪；吃苦。后常接表示疾病的名词 [链接写作]一完成句子 ⑥ I'm sure he's a 或造成不幸、痛苦的事物的名词。 scholar. (2)suffering n.痛苦；苦难 从他的谈吐上看，我相信他是一位学者。 (3)sufferer n.患病者；受难者 24 基础必备必修第一册 [链接写作]一完成句子 3It was nearly bed time and when they awoke 5Later,he worked in Africa, next morning land would be 差不多该是睡觉的时候了，等他们第二天早上醒 后来，他在非洲工作，在那里许多人因缺乏适当的 来，就能看见陆地。 治疗而失明。 2.case n.具体情况，事例；案件；容器 6.benefit n.利益；好处vt.&vi.使受益；得益于；有 [语境练悟]一用case的相关短语填空 助于 DThe doctor shares his phone number with the ◆[教材对接] patients they need medical assistance. As we live in social groups,there are many bene- ②(2023·新课标卷) we'll go to fits of friendship that we can enjoy. the cinema instead. 因为我们居住在社会群体中，有许多我们能享受的 ③ do we believe that he is so generous. 朋友益处。 ④ anything is possible for [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 those who hang on to hope. DA lower GDP target may in fact be 5Sometimes I was very worried trouble (benefit)to the development of China. in work,but I told myself to keep calm and finally I ②(2024·北京卷)Social (benefit)are adapted to the new working state. accompanied by social demands:we must get 6Don't tell him it was me who told this to you along,but not put up with too much. ③He lost his life the benefit of his coun- 3.generous adj..宽宏大量的，仁慈的 try. [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 ④(202l·全国乙卷)In my opinion,students can ①The boss is generous his employees. benefit a lot doing some housework. ②It was generous him to offer to pay for [考点明纳]—知识生成 us both. (1)for the benefit of ③He is always generous money when his 为引起…的兴趣；为…的利益 friends turn to him for help 4.respect vt..&n.尊敬；尊重 be of benefit to 对…有益 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空/补全句子 (2)benefit from/by... 从…受益；得益于 benefit sb. 对某人有益 DI hope airlines can show more respect passengers and improve service. (3)beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的；受益的 ②(2o23·新课标Ⅱ卷)They make me feel valued be beneficial to 对…有益；对…有利 and (respect),no matter my level of ar- [形象记忆] tistic ability. A benefits B 3Chinese children grow up with warnings not to B benefits from waste a single grain of rice, 中国的孩子从小就受到告诫，不要浪费一粒米，这 [链接写作]一完成句子 是出于对农民劳动的尊重。 ⑤(2023·全国乙卷) to grow [名师点津]respect表示“尊重；敬重”时为不可 ing plants indoors. 数名词；表示“细节；方面”时为可数名词；表示“敬 在室内种植植物有很多好处。 意；问候”时，多用复数形式。 [间考单词] 1.sight n.视野；视力；看见 Part.2短语巧突破 》 [语境练悟]一补全句子 1.letg0of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 DStanding at the top of the hill,you can [教材对接] the whole city. When I found out that I was tricked by him,I was 站在山顶，你能够看见全城的景色。 really hurt and let go of our friendship. 2We waved until the car was 当我发现我被他欺骗了时，我真的很伤心，放弃了 我们一直招手，直到那辆汽车消失在视野之中。 我们的友谊。 ·25· 高考总复习英语(YL) [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 DHe could barely keep body and soul together, DThis picture often brings many happy let support his family. memories of my high school days to me. 2When we watched the national flag raised in the 2Many people are beginning to reflect on why we Olympic Games on TV,we let a cheer. pay so much to study abroad and what kind of con- [考点明纳]—知识生成 sequences it will bring let alone 更不用说；更谈不上 3He made every effort to bring the cost let sb./sth.alone of living. 对某人/某事放任不管；置之不理 [考点归纳]一知识生成 let down把…放下来；使（某人）失望/情绪低沉 bring about (=lead to/result in) let in 允许进人；容许；许可 引起；导致；产生；带来 [链接写作]—完成句子 bring sth.back 3If you love birds,you should 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事 bring down 让…降下来；使倒下 如果你爱鸟，你就应该把这只鸟释放。 bring in 引入；赚（钱） 2.get over克服；恢复常态 bring forth 产生；产出；发表 ◆[教材对接] bring forward 提出；将…提前 I should also encourage him to take action to get o- [链接写作]一完成句子 ver these difficulties. 我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。 ④The plan he has [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 the cost of production and a lot of DIf you think you can get away 1t, profits,which you've got another think coming. 他提出的方案降低了生产成本，带来了大量利润， 2I would appreciate it if you could lend me a hand 这使公司恢复了生机。 to get nervousness. Part.3句式精剖析 ③(2023·全国甲卷)And the only way for us to get the habit of waiting is to practice. 1.so..hat如此…以至于 [考点明纳]一知识生成 [教材对接] I were so angry that I avoided her during school all get across 被理解；使了解 get around 到处走走；逃避；说服；传开来 day,and I still don't feel like responding to any of (等于get round);有办法应付 her online messages. get away with被放过；侥幸逃脱 我是如此生气以至于我在学校一整天我都避开她， get down to 着手做某事；开始认真考虑 并且我仍然不想回复她网上的任何信息。 get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）；养成；习惯于 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 get through 通过；到达；做完；接通电话；熬过 ①(2024·新课标I卷)After Charlie had a heart (困难时期等) attack,Tindale says,she was prepared to put him [链接写作]一完成句子 to sleep,but Farber's treatments eased her dog's 4There's not much time left,let's suffering so much she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. 没多少时间了。让我们赶紧着手准备派对吧 ②So sudden the attack that the enemy 3.bring out使显现，使表现出 had no time to escape. [教材对接] ③The Great Wall is a well-known tour- To me,a good friend brings out the best in a per- ist attraction that millions of people pour in every son. year. 对我来说，一个好朋友能激发出一个人最好的 ④Itis difficult a problem that none of us 一面。 can work it out. ·26· 基础必备必修第一册 [考点归纳]一知识生成 然而至今，使我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友 so/such..that..都用来引导结果状语从句，在 谊的真义。 该结构中是用“so”还是用“such”要看被修饰的成 [语境练悟]一单句语法填空 分而定： DNext,keep the conversation (go)by soadj./adv.+that... asking questions to show interest. so十adj.十a/an+n.(可数名词单数)十 2Please remain seated and keep your seat belts that... (fasten). so+many/few/much/little(少的)+n.+ 3 We will probably have to force ourselves to that... waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them such十adi.十n.(不可数名词/可数名词复数) (wake). +that... such十a/an十adj.十n.(可数名词单数)十 [考点归纳]一知识生成 that..=so+adj.+a/an十n.(可数名词单 “ke©p千宾语干宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语 数)十that.. 可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词等，但高考主 so/such连同被其修饰的成分置于句首时，句 要考查分词，其用法如下： 子要用倒装。 ①keep十宾语十过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成 [链接写作]一完成句子 被动关系 5In fact,his spoken English was so good ②keep十宾语十现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成 主动关系 事实上，他的英语口语非常好，以至于老师在课堂 上表扬了他。 [链接写作]一完成句子 2.keep十宾语十宾补结构 ④（全国Ⅱ卷）You can keep for [教材对接] 4-10 hours after exercise Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us con- 锻炼后你能保持你的头脑清晰4~10小时。 nected are eating away at the meaning of friend- ⑤The boss ship. 老板让他们一天工作十二个小时。 进阶>多维检测 夯基固本多维运用 [全练透] 10.The company (遭受)huge losses in I.单词拼写 the last financial year. 1.I was the first to ask him (令人尴尬 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 questions but there'll be harder ones to 1.I was at a (lose)for what to do next. come. 2.He was surprised to find his room 2.I think you should go back to your (起 初的)plan. (thorough)cleaned and everything was in good 3.Unless you respect other people's thoughts, order. (极坏的)misunderstanding will occur.. 3.The facilities have improved beyond all 4.After the earthquake,the economy is at last be- (recognize). ginning to (恢复). 4.We must take (measure)to protect 5.They are likely to (回答)positively to the environment from pollution. the President's request for aid. 5.You're brave and courageous.You can make 6.By hard work they made up for the (损失)of time. 6.The bag had been returned to the (ori- 7.I wanted to (道歉)for today..I think I was a little hard on you. gin)owner. 8.Such (表现)is common to all young peo 7.You have several ways to respond this ple. awkward question. 9.He (忽视)all the“No Smoking'”signs 8.She let go Mona's hand and took a sip and lit up a cigarette. of her drink ·27· 高考总复习英语(YL) Ⅲ.选词填空 said.However,someone told her that her friend in person,get over,at a loss,count on,eat away 6. (chat)with another girl in a cafe on at,in one's opinion,take on,through thick and Saturday afternoon.Her friend's "illness"was a thin complete lie,which made her very 7. 1.As your strength grows,you can big- (anger).Cindy thinks that she should find an op- ger challenges. portunity 8. (talk)with her friend 2. it's understandable that women seek (frank)and solve the problem togeth- beauty,but they should do it in a proper way. er,while David thinks she can decide whether 3.The winner will be there their friendship will last 10. to collect the not. Ⅱ.话题微写作（介绍类） prize. 4.After a broken promise,it is hard to 假如你是李华，你校最近开展了中学生如何处 a per- son. 理人际关系的讨论，请你写一篇你们小组的讨论总 5.No one ever being shy completely,but 结，发表在英语校报上，写作要点： most people do learn to live with their shyness. 1.做好自己； 6.Father and mother went to- 2.尊重他人； gether.They now live a healthy and wealthy 3.学会沟通。 life. 注意：1.词数80左右； 7."But how do you know?"I pretended to be 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。 8.Doing a job you hate may your happi- Recently,we held a heated discussion about ness over time. how to live harmoniously in the school.Here are V.完成句子 the opinions of our group. 1.Sticking to goals helps us achieve 坚持目标帮助我们实现我们想要的。 2.He made that eve- ryone admired him. 他作了一场如此精彩的演讲，以至于每个人都饮 佩他。 3. she comes from We hope all of us can enjoy our school life. somewhere in the south. Ⅲ.读后续写微技能(3)—“生气与愤怒” 从她的口音判断，她来自于南方某个地方。 ●[多样表达] 4.We didn't It was a bit 1.annoyed adj.恼怒的，气恼的 of fun. 2.cross adj.生气的，不高兴的 我们并不是有意要伤害他，只不过是开个玩笑 3.rage/fury n.愤怒 罢了。 4.glare v.对…怒目而视 5.I can remember well the persons and some pic- 5.anger n.生气 tures 6.blow up勃然大怒 我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些 7.flame with anger气得满脸通红 照片。 [重落实] 8.get mad/cross at sb.对某人勃然大怒 I.单元巩固练 9.stamp one's foot in anger愤怒地跺脚 10.tremble with anger因愤怒而颤抖 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补 全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 11.run out of the room in a burst of anger Amy has been close with her 1. 怒气冲冲地跑出房间 (good)friend since primary school.They always 12.can hardly/scarcely contain one's anger stay together,2. （do)many things. 几乎控制不住怒火 They 3. (plan)to go to the cinema to- 13.give sb.a look of burning anger gether last Saturday afternoon,but in the morning 愤怒地看了某人一眼 her friend said she had a cold and couldn't make 14.glare at sb.with burning eyes 4. She believed 5. her friend 用灼热的目光怒视着某人 ·28 基础必备必修第一册 ●[佳句观摩] ●[好句仿写] 杰克感到非常生气。 得知他偷走了他的手机，汤姆怒火中烧。 基础普通描写： 基础普通描写： Jack felt very angry. Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom 形象生动描述： 1.Jack felt so angry that he stormed out of the got mad. room,slamming(砰地关上)the door furiously 形象生动描述： behind him(冲出房间，狠狠摔门). 1.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom's 2.Filled with anger(狂怒)，Jack was unable to ut- anger (爆发了) ter a single word(充满愤怒，说不出话). 2.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom 3.Boiling with rage(愤怒)，Jack shook his fist(怒 (几乎控制不住怒火). 火中烧，挥舞拳头)atme. 4.Full of fury(发怒)，Jack could hardly contain his 3.Learning that he stole his mobile phone,Tom rage(几乎控制不住怒火). (充满着怒火). 培优>提能加餐 高考对接素养培优 [培优1] 单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 3.She can tell your fortune by looking at the lines l.(全国Ⅲ卷)The whole thing develops into an of your hands. unpleasant scene and that ruins everyone's day. 二、一词多义一根据语境选出scene的含义 A.现场 B录色 C.舞合 D.场景 2.I am not only interested in photograph,but I 1.The first scene of the play is the king's palace. took an amateur course at university to update my skills. 2.He drew a picture of wintry scene. [培优2] 高考语篇培素养—Topic:人类道德规范 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 (2024·北京卷)Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of early 1.What can be inferred about the humans.Here,norms (were unwritten and rarely expressed forming of the Inuit's moral clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and code? violent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership,marriage and A.Living conditions were the interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. drive. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.Because arguing an- B.Unwritten rules were the grily leads to chaos,it was strongly discouraged.With life in the un- target. forgiving Northern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's practical C.Social tradition was the ba- approach to morality made good sense. sis. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking,even D.Honesty was the key. though the relative ranking of the virtues may vary with a social 2.What can we learn from this group's history and environment.Typically,cruelty and cheating are discouraged,while cooperation,humbleness and courage are passage? praised.These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any mor- A.Inconveniences are the cause of alising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the simi- telling lies. larity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learning B.Basic human needs lead to and problem solving.Our social instincts include the intense universal norms. desire to belong.The approval of others is rewarding,while their C.Language capacity is limited disapproval is strongly disliked.These social emotions prepare our by self-control. brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of D.Written laws have great in- our family and our community.More generally,social instincts mo- fluence on virtues. tivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world. ·29· 高考总复习英语(YL) 续表 The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-care.Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, 3.Which would be the best title efficient food gathering and dangers to avoid.Good habits save time, for this passage? energy and sometimes your life.Good social habits do something similar in a social context.We learn to tell the truth,even when ly- A.Virtues:Bridges Across Cul- ing is self-serving;we help a grandparent even when it is inconven- tures ient.We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong. B.The Values of Self-discipline Social benefits are accompanied by social demands:we must get C.Brains:Walls Against Cha- along,but not put up with too much.Hence self-discipline is advan- tageous.In humans,a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, os just as it boosts problem-solving skills in the social as well as the D.The Roots of Morality physical world.These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for language,which allows social practices to develop in extremely un- obvious ways. ◆素材积累 2.social (一)由文本积累主题词块 A.社会的B.交际的C.群居的D.联谊会 1.moral code of early humans 2.lead to chaos DAt first,language is a social phenomenon,and 3.the similarity of moral virtues is also the tool of social intercommunication. 4.be rooted in 5.a socially complex world 2There is no doubt that these phenomena are 6.a sense of right and wrong shocking and should arouse our social concern. 7.problem-solving skills 8.social practices 3These endangered gentle giants are highly so- (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1.code n. cial animals. 2.dishonest adj. ◆长句缩写 3.leadership n. The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is 4.disapprove v. striking,even though the relative ranking of the 5.community n. virtues may vary with a social group's history 6.system n. and environment. 7.self-discipline n [句子剖析]请将句中的“枝叶”（名词短语、介 8.advantageous adj. (三)由文本辨熟词生义（将词义对应的字母填到横 词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从 线上) 句)去掉，留下“主千”（主谓宾或主系表）。 1.violent The similarity of moral virtues (across cultures) A.暴力的B.剧烈的C.猛烈的D.狂暴的 is striking,(even though the relative ranking of DThe process will slowly carry on without pro- the virtues may vary with a social group's histo- ducing any violent shake,noises and dust. ry and environment). [句子缩写] 2A violent storm had struck the area. (不超过10个单词) 3What all this tells us is that hurricanes are much more than just violent,damaging storms. C温馨提 学习至此，请完成配套训练 课时冲关3 30的新方法。)”和“Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints,or were printmakers or sculp- tors,I took oil painting as the taboo (high form I wasn't allowed to practice.(虽然这些新朋友是使用油 画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油 画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习。)”可知，作者在 30多岁时回避练习油画。] 3.B[推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so au thoritative that it shook me.It was a form of energy, giving me back something'I d lost..(这个梦给我的感觉 是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让 我找回我失去了的东西。)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练 习油画的力量。] 4.D[推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute.I realised I was always a- fraid of wanting too much,(成为一名成功的画家需要 有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多。)”及文章内 容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时 由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40 岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自 身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创 作活动需要自信。] 素材积累 (一)1.另一种形式的绘画2.画油画3.其他创意渠道 4.成为画家的朋友5.试一试6.喜欢粉笔和墨水 7.变成漫画8.冒险（做可能失败的事） (二)1.快乐地2.个人的，独特的3.抽象的4.过于自 信5.有威望的，有威信的6.限制，局限7.愿望，渴望 (三)1.①D②C③A④B2.①A②C 长句缩写 1.I took oil painting as the taboo (high form. Unit 3 复盘必备知识巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.awkward 2.sight 3.medium 4.horrible 5.respond 6.frank 7.trick 8.ignore 9.misunderstand 10.con- tact 11.generous 12.shallow 13.opinion 14.quality 15.basis 16.respect 17.measure 18.seek 19.escape 20.joy 21.moment 22.indeed 23.crowd 24.company 拓展单词 1.original origin 2.recover recovery 3.loss lose lost 4.judge judgement 5.apologize apology 6.behaviour behave 7.suffer suffering sufferer 8.explode explosion explosive 9.efficient efficiency 10.reflect reflection 11.benefit beneficial 12.comfort comfortable 13.failure fail 14.recognition recog- nize 15.death dead die 16.poet poem poetry 17.admire admiration 阅读单词 1.聊天，闲聊2.咖啡馆，小餐馆3.事例；案件；具体情 况4.博客，网志5.出于好心的6.彻底的，全面的 7.果酒：葡萄酒 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.out of one's sight 2.on the rocks 3.at a loss 4.in the wrong 5.in any case 6.let go of 7.count on 8.eat away at9.in full measure 10.损害…之间的关系，离 间11.亲自，亲身12.不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦13.在 某人看来14.克服；恢复常态15.使显现，使表现出 16.消除，克服17.注定要做某事，应做某事 速记·经典句式 1.Whether we're walking to school,doing homework 2.was to see a film 3.How stupid 4.so angry that I avoided her 5.keep us connected ·36 参考答案 聚集层级突破单词悟讲记 核心单词 l.①from②to recover ③recovery④have recovered from your sickness 2.①to②response ③a④responded that he remained optimistic 3.①by②Judging③tobe④judgement⑤In his judgement 6Judging from the way he talks 4.①to②apology③apologized for the way 5.①from②suffering③sufferers④suffering 5where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment 6.①beneficial②benefits③for④from⑤There are many benefits 间考单词 l.①catch sight of②out of sight③in sight 2.①in case②In that case③In no case④As is often the case⑤in case of⑥in any case 3.①to②of③with 4.①for/to②respected③out of respect for farmers'labor 短语巧突破 l.①alone②out③let go of the bird 2.①with②over③into④get down to preparing for the party 3.①back②about③down④brought up brought down brought in brought the company back to life 句式精剖析 l.①that②was③such④so⑤that the teacher praised him for it in class 2.①going②fastened③awake④your head clear 5kept them working twelve hours a day 进阶多维检测 全练透 I.1.awkward 2.original 3.horrible 4.recover 5.re- spond 6.loss 7.apologize 8.behavior 9.ignored 10.suffered II.1.loss 2.thoroughly 3.recognition 4.measures 5.it 6.original 7.to 8.of II.1.take on 2.In my opinion 3.in person 4.count on 5.gets over 6.through thick and thin 7.at a loss 8.eat away at IV.1.what we want 2.such an excellent speech 3.Jud- ging by her accent 4.mean to hurt him 5.that I saw in the room 重落实 I.1.best 2.doing 3.had planned 4.it 5.what 6.was chatting 7.angry 8.to talk 9.frankly 10.or Ⅱ.[参考范文] Recently,we held a heated discussion about how to live harmoniously in the school.Here are the opinions of our group. First of all,as middle school students,we should be kind and friendly to others,always ready to give a helping hand to those in need.Besides,we must behave ourselves, obeying both class and school rules and doing what we can for the class.Also,it matters a great deal to be honest and trustworthy in our daily life.Thirdly,we should respect the old and love the young,especially showing concern for our parents and our teachers by understanding them and fol- lowing their instructions.Last but not least,we should learn to communicate with others try to be considerate and put ourselves in others'shoes,especially when frictions come. We hope all of us can enjoy our school life. III.1.broke out 2.could hardly contain his anger 3.was breathing fire and anger 3 高考总复习英语(YL) 培优提能加餐 培优1 三杨景20更新提病8命运前途 培优2真题再做 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规 范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程 及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题 解决机制中。 l.C[推理判断题。根据第一段“Here,norms(规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly,but were well understood and taken to heart.Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of;leadership,marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions.Conflict was often resolved in musical bat- tles.Because arguing angrily leads to chaos,it was strongly discouraged.With life in the unforgiving North- ern Canada being so demanding,the Inuit's practical ap- proach to morality made good sense..(在这里，规范是不 成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞 成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互 动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来 解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以被强烈反对。 在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人 对待道德的务实态度很有道理。)”可知，因纽特人的生 活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是 以社会传统为基础的。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or written law.Instead,they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for learn- ing and problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道 德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基 本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机 制。)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相 似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基 本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。] 3.D[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas's description of Inuit(因纽特人)life in the 19 th century illustrates the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄 斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能 的道德准则。)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德 规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的 形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会 学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文 章标题。] 素材积累 (一)1.早期人类的道德准则2.导致混乱3.道德美德 的相似性4.根植于5.一个社会复杂的世界6.一种 是非对错的感觉7.解题技巧8.社会实践 (二)1.行为准则；2.不诚实的3.领导；领先地位 4.不赞成5.社区6.系统7.自律8.有利的；有好 处的 (三)1.①B②C③D2.①B②A③C 长句缩写 The similarity of moral virtues is striking. Unit 4 复盘必备知识巧记·课标单词 单词分类记 写作单词 1.immediately 2.extreme 3.slim 4.percent 5.prove 6.diet 7.function 8.within 9.rather 10.aspect 11.memory 12.attack 13.amount 14.schedule 15.negative 16.plastic 17.campus 18.guy 19.addition 20.saying 21.fashion 22.digital 23.external 24.talent 25.piano 26.content 27.pressure ·36 拓展单词 1.concentrate concentration 2.concern concerned concerning 3.effective effect 4.energetic energy 5.frightened frightening frighten 6.contribute con- tribution 7.treat treatment 8.beautiful beautifully beauty 9.strength strengthen strong strongly 10.individual individuality 11.achieve achievement 阅读单词 1.酸奶2.性别3.稍略地，略微地4.营养5.外科手 术6.牛仔裤7.男性的；雄性的男性，雄性8.女性 的，雌性的女生，雌性9.一系列，连续10.应用程序 妙记·核心短语 短语分类记 1.pass out 2.slim down 3.side effect 4.take in 5.get into shape 6.contribute to 7.in the short /long term 8.此外9.笼罩；威胁10.显示，展示，炫耀11.为… 自豪12.达到，符合 13.最终成为，最终处于14.防 范，防止，提防 速记·经典句式 1.it that they try to lose weight properly 2.to stay ener- getic and fit 3.it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle 4.you view your physical appearance 5.Focusing on your strengths 聚集层级突破单词悟讲记 核心单词 l.①about②concerns ③with ④concerning ⑤were so concerned that 2.①effective②on③into④his positive attitude to life has a great effect on me 3.①frightened②frightening③enter④into ⑤frighten him away⑥I'm frightened of walking 4.①to ②contribution③what one contributes to the now 5.①for②under③an④with⑤against possible attack 间考单词 1.①doing②on ③concentration④she concentrated on jogging 2.①am dieting②go on a diet③a balanced healthy diet 3.①behind②on③to arrive④fall behind schedule 4.①talented②for③he has an natural talent for writ ing 4my father is a talented man 短语巧突破 1.①吸收②理解③观看④改小⑤包括⑥欺骗 ⑦so we took him in 2.①In the long term②in terms of ③in the short term 3.①confused②with③filling④end up in a bad mood 句式精剖析 l.①that②a③suggested④It appears that 2.①to take②for③had/should have④I have gone through such an exciting occasion 进阶多维检测 全练透 I.1.pressure 2.energetic 3.effective 4.function 5.memory 6.schedule 7.negative 8.treatment 9.beauty 10.fashion II.1.frightened 2.on 3.concerning 4.concentration 5.extremely 6.on 7.reduction 8.saying 9.appear- ance 10.achievement III.1.slim down 2.lived up to 3.take in 4.in the long term 5.passed out 6.In addition 7.contributed to 8.end up 9.hang over 10.get into shape IV.1.keep in mind that 2.It is important that 3.too frightened to reveal 4.end up putting weight back on 5.The mother is concerned about 重落实 I.1.was rushed 2.having 3.of 4.concentrating 5.where 6.down 7.concerned 8.As 9.there 10.strongly ●