课时冲关13 Unit 1 Food matters-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

课时中关3 I.A.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世 界粮食日海报大赛的参赛规则。 l.A[细节理解题。根据文章Rules部分中“Participants who submit more than one poster will be disqualified.( 交多于一张海报的参赛者将被取消参赛资格。)”可知， 对参赛者的要求是他们只能提交一张海报。门 2.D[细节理解题。根据文章Rules部分中第二点“The contest is divided into the following categories:from 5 to 8 years old,from 9 to 12 years old,from 13 to 15 years old and from16to19 years old.(比赛分为5-8岁 9一12岁、13一15岁和16一19岁。)”可知，比赛分四个类 别；再根据Prize部分中“The selection committee will choose 15 posters in each category for the shortlist( 名单)and inform them in December,.(评选委员会将在 每个类别中选出15张海报进入决选名单，并于12月通 知他们。)”可知，每个类别中选出15张海报进入决选名 单，共四个类别，所以共60张海报会进入决选名单。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据文章Pize部分中最后一点 "Winners will be promoted on FAO social media and will also receive a certificate of recognition and a surprise gift bag.(获奖者将在粮农组织社交媒体上进行宣传，并将 获得认可证书和惊喜礼品袋。)”可知，获奖者将在粮农 组织媒体上被宣传。」 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了方便面的前 世今生，说明方便面是世界上最成功的工业化食品之一。 4.C[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“What do a student in China,an office worker...each year,making them one of the world's most successful industrial foods.But how did this happen？(中国的一名学生、英国的一名办 公室职员和太空中的一名宇航员有什么共同点？他们 都吃方便面。他们并不是唯一的 -超过1000亿份方 便面就是这样每年在全球范围内被消费，使其成为世界 上最成功的工业食品之一。但这是怎么发生的呢？)”可 知，文章第一段通过提出问题来引出本文主题与方便面 有关。门 5.DL细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Put simply,they're cheap to produce and cheap to buy,which was exactly what their creator intended to achieve,(简单地说，它们 的生产成本和购买成本都很低，这正是它们的创造者想 要实现的目标。)”可知，发明方便面的最初目的是为了 使它们成本低，价格实惠。] 6.A[主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Instant noodles' popularity abroad is in part due to how easy they are to adapt to local tastes.(方便面在国外受欢迎的部分原因 是它们很容易适应当地的口味。)”及下文举例“In Thai- land,for example,you can get...by Ando,launches over 300 products yearly,according to employee Kasura Suzuki,.”可知，本段主要介绍方便面世界范围内的普遍 流行。」 7.A[词义猜测题。根据最后一段划线词后文“for any- one short on money,time,or even a kitchen(给那些缺 钱，缺时间，甚至缺厨房的人)”及上文第二段“Put sim- ply,they're cheap to produce and cheap to buy,which was exactly what their creator intended to achieve.”及第 三段“Instant noodles'popularity abroad is in part due to how easy they are to adapt to local tastes..”讲的方便面 的好处可知，方便面应为具备这些条件的人的首选食 品，the default food与the preferred food意思相近，表示 “优选食品”。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文探讨了空腹喝 咖啡对胃黏膜有害说法的有效性，并探索了其对肠道健康 的更广泛影响。 l.F[根据空后“But some worry this habit could harm their stomachs.(但有些人担心这种习惯可能会损害他 们的胃。)”和“coffee'”可知，空处应是提及喝咖啡的习惯。 F"Many people start their day with a cup before eat- ing anything.(许多人在吃饭前都会喝上一杯咖啡来开 始新的一天。)”符合语境。] ·40 参考答案 2.G[根据空前“While substances like alcohol are known to alter the stomach's defenses,research,a 2013 study of over 8,000 participants living in Japan,shows no sub- stantial link between coffee consumption and the develop- ment of ulcers(溃疡).（虽然人们知道酒精等物质会改 变胃的防御能力，但2013年对8000多名日本居民进行 的一项研究表明，饮用咖啡与溃疡形成之间没有实质性 联系。)”可知，前面提到咖啡和溃疡没有联系，不会直接 导致胃黏膜损害。G项“It suggests that coffee doesn't harm the stomach lining directly..(这表明咖啡不会直接 损害胃黏膜。)”符合语境。门 3.B[上文“The idea that coffee induces stomach acid pro duction is well-established,which could theoretically lead to heartburn,especially if consumed on an empty stom- ach.(咖啡会引起胃酸分泌的观，点已得到充分证实，理 论上来说，这可能会导致胃灼热，尤其是在空腹时饮 用。)”提到从理论方面咖啡和胃灼热的关系，下文“A 2014 review found no connection between coffee and heartburn,whereas a 2020 study indicated a possible in- crease in heartburn symptoms among habitual coffee drinkers..(20l4的一项综述发现，咖啡和胃灼热之间没 有联系，而2020年的一项研究表明，习惯喝咖啡的人胃 灼热症状可能会增加。)”提到了一些这方面的不同研 究，B项“However,studies offer mixed results.(然而， 研究提供了不同的结果。)”符合语境。] 4.A[根据空后“That means you drink less coffee in a way.(从某种程度上来说，这意味着你喝的咖啡少了。)” 可知，建议减少咖啡加入其他的东西。A项“Adding some milk can also help.(添加一些牛奶也有帮助。)”符 合语境。] 5.C[根据空后“And what works for one person might not for another..(对一个人有用的方法可能对另一个人 无效。)”可知，前面说的反应不同，因为对于一个人有用 的方法可能对另一人没有用。C项“Remember,individ ual responses can vary.(记住，每个人的反应都是不同 的。)”符合语境。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清淡 饮食越来越流行。 1.that[考查同位语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，社会上 对外表的焦虑正在增加，但也表明人们对更健康的生活 方式越来越感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位 语从句，从句中结构完整，用that引导。] 2.in[考查介词。句意：这一趋势表明，社会上对外表的 焦虑正在增加，但也表明人们对更健康的生活方式越来 越感兴趣。此处是固定搭配：interest in意为“对…感 兴趣”。] 3.referred[考查非谓语动词。句意：这种被年轻人戏称 为“嚼草”的便餐，与中国部分地区常见的饮食习惯相 比，是一种健康的选择。本句已有谓语动词are,所以re fer用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语the light meals之间是被 动关系，用过去分词表被动。] 4.has become[考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去 的几年里，清淡的食物在这个国家已经成为一个众所周 知的概念，人们更喜欢少糖、少油、少盐的食物。分析句 子结构可知，become为本句谓语，根据时间状语over the past few years可知，用现在完成时，主语是Lighter food 为第三人称单数。门 5.bringing[考查非谓语动词。句意：它还专注于通过更 简单的烹饪，还原食材的原汁原味。空前是介词，所以 空处应填动名词作宾语。] 6.simpler考查形容词。句意：它还专注于通过更简单 的烹饪，还原食材的原汁原味。空后是名词，所以空处 应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应用比较级。」 7.competition[考查名词。句意：一位在线观察人士表 示：“这是一个竞争激烈的行业，同时也有很好的机会。” 空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，compete的名 词形式是competition。] ● 高考总复习英语(YL) 8.to get[考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的许多顶级公司 都加入了这个市场，以分一杯羹。本句已有谓语动词 have joined,所以get用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目 的，用不定式作目的状语。] 9.its[考查代词。句意：2017年，肯德基在浙江杭州开设 了第一家注重健康的餐厅KPRO,同年，日本连锁餐厅 吉野家也在四川成都开设了一家“清淡餐”概念店。提 示词作定语，用形容词性物主代词ts。] 10.the[考查冠词。句意：瑞幸咖啡也宣布将于2018年 进入轻餐行业。light meal industry在前文已提到过，前 文提到的事物，下文再提到时，前用定冠词限定。] 课时冲关14 I,A.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一 项语言交流项目的基本情况以及它的要求、报名和注册流 程以及注意事项的相关信息。 l.D[细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Language Ex- change Programme allows students...the language skills prac- tised and the topics discussed.(语言交流项目让学生们两 人一组，每周用他们希望分享和学习的两种不同的语言 进行交流。学生们在每次搭档会议后记录简短的条目， 指出所练习的语言技能和讨论的主题。)”可知，在这个 项目中，学生们将练习他们的语言技能。] 2.B[细节理解题。根据Requirements for completion部 分第二点“l8 weekly one-hour pair meetings(每周l8次 一小时的配对会议)”可知，为了完成该项目，学生们被 要求参加配对会议。] 3.A[细节理解题。根据Sign up！部分第一，点“Students sign up and indicate the languages they can share and languages they are interested in learning.(学生们报名参 加并表明他们可以分享的语言以及他们有兴趣学习的 语言。)”可知，学生们在注册期间需要表明他们感兴趣 的语言。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了 Antonella Sorace教授所持有的学习第二语言对人类的大 脑和健康都有着巨大的好处的观点，从而鼓励人们拯救并 保护小语种。 4.A[细节理解题。根据第一段“It is an unpleasant ex tinction that will change the world and how people com- municate:within 20 years,two thirds of all the planet's languages will be dead,(这种令人不快的灭绝将改变世 界和人们的交流方式：在20年内，地球上三分之二的语 言将消失。)”可知，世界上大多数语言会在几十年内 灭绝。 5.C[推理判断题。根据第四段“Already her work and the project she founded three years ago in Edinburgh, Bilingualism Matters-now expanding across Europe and in the US-have convinced the Scottish government to introduce languages to primary schools..(她的工作和她 三年前在爱丁堡创立的项目Bilingualism Matters 一该 项目目前正在欧洲和美国推广 一已经说服苏格兰政 府在小学引入语言课程。)”第三段“It is those benefits of bilingualism (that should encourage us to preserve and protect Europe's minority languages-Gaelic,Manx, Cornish and Ulster Scots,she says.(她说这就是双语的 好处，这应该鼓励我们维护和保护欧洲的少数民族语 言一盖尔语、曼克斯语、康沃尔语和阿尔斯特苏格兰 语。)”和第五段“Bilingualism Matters is also working to encourage businesses to consider the benefits of their staff learning languages,(Bilingualism Matters也在努力 鼓励企业考虑员工学习语言的好处。)”可知，Bilingual- ism Matters打算要推广小语种的学习。] 6.D[细节理解题。根据第六段“The first battle is to un- pick the popular assumption that bilingualism might damage children's brains..(第一场战斗是推翻传统的观 点，即双语可能会损害儿童的大脑。)”可知，保护小语种 的首要任务就是纠正人们对于双语的误解。] ·4( 7.D[主旨大意题。根据第二段“Professor Antonella Sorace is one of a growing number who believe learning a second language has enormous untapped benefits for the human brain.(Antonella Sorace是越来越多的认为学习 第二语言对人类大脑有巨大的尚未开发的好处的人之 一。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述Antonella Sorace 教授关于要学习第二语言、拯救并保护小语种的观点和 具体做法。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和乌 干达一所小学的学生们的友谊开始时并不稳固。不被理 解的恐惧隐藏在内心，因为他们说的语言和作者说的不 同，而作者的语言也没人听。但是，随着时间的发展，他们 最终在友谊的语言上交流很流利。 1.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：不被理解的恐惧隐藏在 内心，因为他们说的语言和我说的不同，我的语言也被 置若罔闻。A.anger愤怒；B.fear恐惧；C.desire愿望； D.belief信仰。根据下文“for they spoke a language dif- ferent from”可知，因为他们说的语言和作者说的不同， 双方都听不懂对方的话，作者把不被理解的恐惧隐藏在 内心。 2.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.sharp锋 利的；B.all全部的；C.long长的；D.deaf聋的。根据上文 “for they spoke a language different from that of mine'”可 知，双方都听不懂对方的话，deaf ears表“置若罔闻”，符 合句意。] 3.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用灿烂的微笑迎接他 们，当我继续说话时，他们以冰冷的沉默回应我。A.s lence沉默；B.blame责备；C.comment评论；D.agree- ment赞同。根据上文“The 1 of not being under- stood was hidden within(不被理解的恐惧隐藏在内心)” 和“ice cold”可推知，此处为当作者继续说话时，孩子们 无法理解，所以以冰冷的沉默回应。] 4.C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个提醒在我脑海中回 响：你必须经历它才能到达他们的内心。A.puzzle令人 费解的事；B.doubt怀疑；C.reminder提醒物；D.relief救 济，宽慰。根据下文“you must live through it to get to them”可知，这里指一个想法一直提醒着作者。] 5.B[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我说简单的英语，用 手势和一点舞蹈。A.official官方的；B.simple简单的； C.academic学术的；D.unusual不寻常的。根据上文“So I gave it another try.（所以我又试了一次。)”可推知，此 处表示作者说简单的英语来让孩子们理解。] 6.D[考查动词短语辩析。句意：如果一切都失败了，微 笑会取代一切。A.turn out结果是；B.break off中断； C.die away逐渐消失；D.take over接管，取代。根据上 文“If all failed”可推知，此处表示如果一切都失败了，微 笑会取代一切，因为微笑没有国界，是最好的肢体 语言。] 7.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快我们就学会了，然 后学习者的害羞就发挥了作用。A.laziness懒惰；B. shyness害羞；C.loneliness孤独；D.calmness镇静。根 据下文“At the mention of a name,reddish cheeks and shaking voices were the response I got.(一提到名字，我 得到的反应就是脸颇泛红，声音颤抖。)”可知，这里指学 习者的害羞。] 8.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在小组工作期间 每天和一个团队共用一张桌子，以便更接近他们。 A,share共享；B.clear清除，清理；C.search搜寻；D.ex change交换。根据下文“to get closer”可知，此处为作者 决定和一个团队分享一张桌子从而更接近他们。] 9.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：放学后，我陪伴他们回 家。A.prevented阻止；B.forced逼迫；C,accompanied 陪伴；D.allowed允许。根据上文“I decided to8a desk with a team each day during group work to get clos- r.”可知，作者为了能够接近学生们，除了和学生们共用 一张桌子，放学后还要陪学生回家。] 10.B[考查副词词义辩析。句意：渐渐地，我们成了朋 友。A.Suddenly突然；B.Gradually渐渐地；C.Acci- 8 ●基础必备选择性必修第一册 [选择性必修第一册] 课时冲关13 Unit 1 Food matters 阅读理解A 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：世界粮食日海报大赛 World Food Day Poster Contest OOnly digital files in JPEG format will If you're aged between 5 and 19 and be accepted wherever you live,the Food and Agriculture Prize: Organization (FAO)of the United Nations OThe selection committee will choose 15 wants to hear from you!Use your imagination posters in each category for the shortlist( and create a poster showing a world where no 选名单)and inform them in December.. one is left behind and everyone has access to Shortlisted candidates will receive a certificate healthy and affordable food. for this achievement. Rules: ●A jury(评委会)will choose three win- OThe registration period will end at 12:00 ning posters from each category,and these on Friday,November 3. winning posters will be announced on the OThe contest is divided into the follow- World Food Day website. ing categories:from 5 to 8 years old,from 9 OWinners will be promoted on FAO so- to 12 years old,from 13 to 15 years old and cial media and will also receive a certificate of from 16 to 19 years old. recognition and a surprise gift bag. OParticipants who submit more than one 1.What is a requirement for the participants? poster will be disqualified. A.They must present only one poster. OAll artworks must be original.And B.They must design their posters digitally. posters have to be drawn or painted with pens C.They must upload their posters on or colored pencils or be designed digitally. Nov.3. OPosters may or may not include the D.They must provide their personal infor- text.If the text is used,no more than 25 mation. words will be accepted.Don't include names, 2.How many posters will be chosen for the school names,age,contact information or shortlist in all? photographic pictures of the competitors,etc. A.15. B.30. C.45. D.60. OPosters can only be sent using the reg- 3.What will happen to the winners? istration form provided for this purpose.All A.They will become members of FAO. fields of the entry form must be completed and B.They will be introduced on FAO media. once the poster design has been uploaded,the C.They will receive a lot of money. SUBMIT button must be clicked. D.They will get many bags full of posters. 阅读理解B 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：方便面 What do a student in China,an office world's most successful industrial foods.But worker in the UK and an astronaut in space all how did this happen? have in common?They all eat instant noo- Put simply,they're cheap to produce and dles.And they're not alone-over 100 billion cheap to buy,which was exactly what their servings of instant noodles are consumed glob- creator intended to achieve.Momofuku An- ally each year,making them one of the do,an entrepreneur,spent a year perfecting ·315· 高考总复习英语(YL) [答题栏]the recipe just after the Second World War. More than 60 years after their invention,in- I He wanted to make something similar to tra- stant noodles have become the default food for 1 ditional noodles.His creation was instantly anyone short on money,time,or even a popular,playing a part in the post war eco kitchen. nomic rise.Even in the year 2000-according 3.to a poll by the Fuji Research Institute-instant 4.How does the author bring in the topic in 4 noodles were voted the most successful inven- Paragraph 1? tion,ahead of high speed trains,laptops and A.By giving examples. karaoke. B.By making an assumption. 6 According to the World's Instant Noodles C.By asking questions. -7.Association,China,Indonesia,Vietnam and D.By reasoning and analyzing. II India-in that order-all consumed more in- 1.stant noodles than before in 2021.Instant 5.What was the original intention of inventing -2.noodles'popularity abroad is in part due to instant noodles? 3 how easy they are to adapt to local tastes.In A.To promote traditional culture. Thailand,for example,you can get green cur- B.To reduce environmental cost. -4ry flavour,while in Mexico the noodles are C.To earn more profit. 5.garnished(加饰菜)with lime and salsa.And D.To make them low-cost and affordable. it seems that consumers have grown to expect 6.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about innovation.Nissin,the food company founded instant noodles? by Ando,launches over 300 products yearly, according to employee Kasura Suzuki. A.Their worldwide popularity. Instant noodles have their critics,too. B.Their major contribution. Their rise in popularity has come at an envi- C.Their consumers'preferences. ronmental cost-they're made with palm oil, D.Their innovative features. contributing to deforestation,and their packa- 7.What is the best explanation for "the de- ging is plastic.And while they are a hot,tasty fault food"in the last paragraph? and filling meal,instant noodles don't have much nutritional value,and include high lev- A.The preferred food. els of salt and fat.Nevertheless,instant noo- B.The most delicious food dles are undoubtedly lifesavers in emergency C.The cheapest food. or extreme situations. D.The most nutritious food. Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：空腹喝咖啡 The Debate on Drinking 1 But some worry this habit could Coffee on an Empty Stomach harm their stomachs.Claims on social media There's a popular belief that drinking suggest that such a practice could lead to vari- ous illnesses.However,Kim Barrett,a phys- coffee on an empty stomach can damage the iology professor,assures that the stomach is stomach lining(胃黏膜).This article investi- strong,equipped with protective mechanisms gates the validity of these claims and explores like a thick liquid layer that protects it from the broader influences for gut(肠道)health. potential irritants such as coffee. ·316· 基础必备选择性必修第一册 While substances like alcohol are known While the debate on the impact of drink- to alter the stomach's defenses,research,a ing coffee on an empty stomach continues,the 2013 study of over 8,000 participants living in evidence leans more towards its safety rather Japan,shows no substantial link between cof- than harm.Monitoring personal symptoms fee consumption and the development of ulcers and making small adjustments can help indivi- (溃疡).2 duals enjoy coffee without discomfort. 5 The idea that coffee induces stomach acid And what works for one person might not for production is well-established,which could another. theoretically lead to heartburn,especially if A.Adding some milk can also help. consumed on an empty stomach.3 A B.However,studies offer mixed results. 2014 review found no connection between cof- C.Remember,individual responses can vary. fee and heartburn,whereas a 2020 study indi- D.Nonetheless,coffee does have an effect on cated a possible increase in heartburn symp- the gut. toms among habitual coffee drinkers. E.There's more evidence for coffee's benefits If you experience discomfort after drink- than harms. ing coffee,consider cutting down the con- F.Many people start their day with a cup be- sumption.4 That means you drink less fore eating anything. coffee in a way.For those who tolerate it G.It suggests that coffee doesn't harm the well,there's no need to alter your routine. stomach lining directly. Ⅲ.语法填空主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：清淡饮食的流行 More Chinese,especially young people, 6. (simple)cooking. are choosing light meals with fewer carbohy- A report predicts that the market volume drates(碳水化合物)and more vegetables. for light meals in China will reach around 120 This trend shows the fact 1. anxiety billion yuan in 2024."It's an industry with over appearance is increasing in society,but it strong 7. (compete)and good op- also shows increased interest 2. portunities at the same time,"said one online healthier lifestyles. observer.Many top companies in China have Jokingly 3. (refer)to by young joined the market 8. (get)a share of people as“chewing grass'”,the light meals are the pie. a healthy choice compared to the common eat- KFC opened 9. (it)first health- ing habits in some parts of China. conscious restaurant,KPRO,in Hangzhou, Lighter food 4. (become)a Zhejiang Province in 2017,and Japanese res- well-known concept in the country over the taurant chain Yoshinoya also opened a "light past few years,with people preferring food meal" concept store in Chengdu,Sichuan with less sugar,oil and salt.It also focuses Province in the same year.Luckin Coffee also on 5. (bring)back the original taste announced it was entering 10. light of the ingredients(食材)through much meal industry in 2018. ·317·