课时冲关12 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

高考总复习 英语(YL) 课时冲关12 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world I.阅读理解 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：人工智能记忆存储方式 A team of scientists from the Center for This discovery is a big deal because it Cognition and Sociality and the Data Science shows we can use what we know about the Group at the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) brain to make AI smarter.C.Justin LEE,a made an exciting discovery about how com- neuroscience(神经学)director at the institu- puters and human brains work similarly when te,mentioned that this research was a big step remembering things.They found out that the forward for both Al and brain science.It way artificial intelligence (AI)models,like opens up new ways to understand how the those in smart robots,store memories is a lot brain works and to create more advanced AI like how our brain's memory center,called based on these insights. the hippocampus(海马体)，does it.This part So,in simple terms,scientists have fig- of the brain is really important for feelings and ured out that computers can learn and remem- memories. Understanding how AI learns and keeps ber in ways that are surprisingly similar to us, information is key to making it smarter.The which could help make them even smarter in scientists looked into how our brains learn and the future. remember by focusing on a special process in- l.What does the term“NMDA receptor'”in volving the NMDA receptor,a critical part of Paragraph 2 most likely refer to? the hippocampus.This receptor works like a A.A type of computer virus that attacks AI smart door in our brain that helps with learn- systems. ing and remembering.It opens when certain B.A new technology for making computers brain chemicals are present,allowing the cell run faster. to receive signals and create memories.A spe- C.A component in AI models that predicts cific element,magnesium,acts like a guard, future events. only letting substances in under the right con- D.A part of the human brain involved in ditions. learning and memory. Interestingly,the team found that Trans- 2.What did the team discover about Trans- former,a type of AI model,uses a similar former? “guarding”method to manage its memory. A.It directly mimics the brain's memory They wondered if they could make the Transformer's memory better by copying the process. brain's process.By adjusting some settings in B.It is unaffected by changes in memory the Transformer to mimic(模拟、模仿)the settings. brain's memory door,they improved its abili- C.It uses a special method to manage mem- ty to remember things long-term,just like ad- ory. justing magnesium levels can affect how well D.It requires adjustments to enhance long- we remember stuff. term memory. ·312· 基础必备必修第三册 3.What is the significance of the research 4.What is the main idea of the passage? [答题栏] findings according to C.Justin LEE? A.Exploring the NMDA receptor in the brain. A.It is a new approach to memory organi- B.Discussing implications of neuroscience zation. 2 B.It is a crucial step in advancing AI and for AI. 3 neuroscience. C.Comparing computer and human memory C.It is a method for improving short-term processes. memory in AI. D.Discovering similarities between Al and D.It is a breakthrough in understanding AI 2 human memory. emotional processing. 3 Ⅱ.阅读七选五主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明文 话题：正规儿童保育的优点 4 Working mothers can breathe a sigh of formal childcare and informal childcare appear.5 relief when dropping off their little ones in 4 Researchers find that overall,children formal childcare.A French study has found benefited a lot from formal childcare. children who go to nursery are better behaved Boys who went to nursery had fewer and have fewer emotional problems than those emotional problems,but those looked after by cared for by family or a childminder. a childminder had more behavioral problems. 1 The study,on the other hand, Girls in particular benefited from the more wanted to test what potential impact formal formal childcare.5 childcare settings from a young age could have The authors conclude that access to high on behaviour. quality childcare in the first years of life may 2 Those who had been looked after improve children's emotional and cognitive de- by a childminder were the most likely to have velopment,prevent later emotional difficulties behavioral issues in both boys and girls,they and promote prosocial(亲社会的)behavior. found. A.Lack of daily interaction may result in chil- Scientists tracked children's emotional dren being unwilling to socialize. development from birth up to the age of eight. B.Those who had gone to nursery performed Parents were asked a series of questions about better academically later on at school. their children's behavioral and emotional C.Informal childcare has harmful outcome for problems at different ages,including any dif- ficulties making friends,hyperactivity children's social and emotional adjustment. )poor attention,conduct,and social D.It's because they are more likely to being skills.3 shy,nervous or upset,researchers sug- Analysis showed those who received for- gest. mal childcare were less likely to have emotion- E.Children who get formal childcare were less al and behavioral problems,and more likely to likely to have behavioral problems later. have better social skills than those looked af- F.They were also questioned on what type of ter by family or friends. childcare their children had been provided. As women began entering the workforce G.A study has suggested early formal child- in increasing numbers from the 1980s,some care may improve their academic perform- child development researchers have found that ance. ·313· 高考总复习英语(YL) Ⅲ.读后续写 主题语境：人与动物 体裁：记叙文 话题：班级宠物 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开 rice!Donald bounced out of his seat,crying 头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 out that the eggs were hatching. They called him "Donnie the Dung Bee- Suddenly,chaos erupted in the classroom tle".Donald didn't mind the comparison,as as more baby mantises started appearing eve- he knew that African dung beetles(粪金龟) rywhere.Kids were jumping out of their were known for moving things a thousand seats,screaming and waving their arms. times their own body weight.However,his Mrs.Beecher quickly took charge,asking classmates in Mrs.Beecher's third-grade class why the lid of the container was off.Richie, probably didn't know this fact.Nobody knew who was supposed to check on the container insects like Donald did,and he figured that that day,had forgotten to put the lid back on. being compared to a dung beetle was not a 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； praise. 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 One day,Richie made fun of Donald, Donald took charge of the situation,di pointing towards a container under the win- recting Richie to get paintbrushes and white dow where a small brown ball hung from a paper. branch.Donald tried to explain that it was an egg case of a praying mantis(螳螂)，and the exciting part would be when the eggs hatched.But Richie didn't understand,and neither did most of the other kids.Donald had brought the egg case from his backyard and was excited when Mrs.Beecher agreed to make it their class project.He thought having After the successful rescue,Mrs.Bee- an insect as a class pet might finally give him cher asked the class to write about this special something to talk about with the other kids. experience. But after two months of staring at a lifeless brown ball,Donald began to lose hope. During science class one day,Mrs.Bee- cher announced they would start by writing in their journals.As Donald opened his journal, a left over particle from his lunch rolled across the page.When he went to brush it off,he realized it wasn't a particle at all-it was a ti- ny praying mantis,barely the size of a grain of ·314·高考总复习 英语(YL) Ⅲ.[参考范文] Dear Li Jiang, You mentioned in your letter that you have spent much time chatting and playing computer games online since you en- tered high school,which I totally disapprove of. There are many advantages of the Internet such as abundant up-to-date information accessible to us,which improves our learning efficiency.Meanwhile,there exist many disadvantages as well.The teenagers addicted to pla- ying computer games or chatting online will be more likely to withdraw from society,which does great harm to physi- cal and mental health. Therefore,I feel it vital for us to limit our use of the Internet and develop a positive attitude towards life.I do hope my advice will be of help. Yours, Li Hua 课时冲关12 I.A[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 科学家发现人工智能记忆存储方式与人脑海马体相似，并 通过模仿大脑记忆机制改进了AI模型的记忆能力，促进 了AI与脑科学的发展。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中“This receptor works like a smart door in our brain that helps with learning and remembering..(这种受体就像我们大脑中的一扇智 能门，帮助我们学习和记忆。)”可知，“NMDA receptor” 是人脑中参与学习和记忆的一部分。] 2.C[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly,the team found that Transformer,a type of Al model,uses a similar‘guarding'method to manage its memory.(有趣 的是，研究小组发现，Transformer是一种人工智能模 型，它使用类似的‘保护’方法来管理内存。)”可知， Transformer使用了一种类似于保护的特殊方法来管理 其内存。] 3.B[推理判断题。根据第四段中“C.Justin LEE,aneu roscience(神经学)director at the institute,mentioned that this research was a big step forward for both AI and brain science.(C.Justin LEE,该研究所的神经科学主 任表示，这项研究对于人工智能和脑科学都是一个重大 的进展。)”可知，他认为这些研究发现的重要意义在于 这项研究发现推进了AI和神经科学的关键步骤。] 4.D[主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段“So,.in simple terms,scientists have figured out that computers can learn and remember in ways that are surprisingly similar to us,which could help make them even smarter in the future..(所以，简单来说，科学家们已经发现计算 机能够以和我们惊人相似的方式学习和记忆，这可能有 助于它们在未来变得更加智能。)”可知，整篇文章的中 心思想是关于在人工智能和人类记忆之间发现的相似 性，D选项“发现人工智能与人类记忆之间的相似之处。” 准确总结了文章的中心思想。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了把 幼儿放在托儿所会对他们今后的社会行为有更好的帮助。 l.G[下文“The study,on the other hand,wanted to test what potential impact formal childcare settings from a young age could have on behaviour.(另外，研究者想要测 验早期正规的儿童保育对儿童的行为还有什么潜在的 影响。)”提到了研究者想研究儿童保育对儿童行为还会 产生什么影响，说明已经有研究表明儿童保育对儿童产 生了影响。G项“之前的研究表明，早期正规的儿童保 育可以提高他们的学习成绩。”与下文语义衔接，符合 语境。门 2.E[下文“Those who had been looked after by a child minder were the most likely to have behavioral issues in both boys and girls,they found..(他们发现，那些由保姆 照看过的孩子无论男女，都最有可能出现行为问题。)” 指出保姆照看孩子的缺点，点明了前文提到的正规的儿 童保育存在优点。E项“这些得到正规保育的小孩在之 后较少出现行为问题。”与下文形成鲜明对比，符合 语境。] ·4( 3.F[上文“Parents were asked a series of questions about their children's behavioral and emotional problems at dif- ferent ages,including any difficulties making friends, hyperactivity,poor attention,conduct,and social skills. (研究人员向家长们询问了一系列关于孩子在不同年龄 段的行为和情绪问题，包括交朋友的困难，多动症，注意 力差，品行差和社交能力差。)”指出了孩子在不同年龄 段的一些行为和情绪问题。F项“他们还被问及他们为 孩子提供了什么样的托儿服务。”与上文承接自然，由a so看出上下文为顺承关系，选项中的questioned呼应上 文的asked。] 4.C[上文“As women began entering the workforce inin creasing numbers from the 1980s,some child develop- ment researchers have found that formal childcare and in- formal childcare appear..(从20世纪80年代开始，随着 越来越多的女性进入劳动力市场，一些儿童发展研究人 员发现，正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保育出现 了。)”指出出现了正规的儿童保育和非正规的儿童保 育。下文“Researchers find that overall,children benefi- ted a lot from formal childcare..(研究人员发现，总的来 说，孩子们从正规的儿童保育中受益匪浅。)”指出正规 儿童保育的优点，C项“不正规的儿童看管不利于儿童的 社会调适和情绪调节，”承上启下，与下文描述正规儿童 保育形成对比关系。] 5.D[上文“Girls in particular benefited from the more formal childcare..(女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童保 育。)”说明与男孩相比，女孩尤其受益于更正规的儿童 保育。D项“研究人员表示，这是因为她们更可能害羞， 紧张或不安。”承接上文，解释了女孩尤其受益于更正规 的儿童保育的原因。] Ⅲ.[写作思路] 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了唐纳德在班级里养 了螳螂卵作为班级宠物，但是几个月过去了，小螳 故 螂还是没有孵化出来。里奇查看螳螂卵后没有盖 好盒子的盖子导致孵出的小螳螂到处都是。在唐 0 纳德的处理下，小螳螂安全回到孵化盒子，比彻老 师让大家把这个事件记录下来，同时，同学们也改 变了对唐纳德的称谓和看法。 写 由第一段首句内容“唐纳德掌控了局势，指挥 里奇去拿画笔和白纸。”可知，第一段可描写唐 续 纳德如何营救螳螂宝宝。 写 段 思 由第二段首句内容“数援成功后，比彻老师请 路 第 全班同学写下这段特殊经历。”可知，第二段可 描写营救成功后全班同学对唐纳德看法的改 变以及感悟。 续写 养螳螂卵当作班级宠物 一长时间没有孵化 突然孵化，震惊全班 一唐纳德冷静处理 一小螳 线索 螂安全得救一 一感悟 「参考范文门 Donald took charge of the situation,directing Richie to get paintbrushes and white paper.Donald took the brush and carefully drove the baby mantises onto the white paper.They were so small that he could injure their legs or body parts.The baby mantises were so small that some of the students brought a magnifying glass to help.With the concerted efforts of everyone,the baby mantises finally re- turned safely to the box. After the success ful rescue,Mrs.Beecher asked the class to write about this special experience.Richie no lon- ger laughed at Donald,and no longer called him "Donnie the Dung Beetle",and deeply admired Donald's calmly han- dling the unexpected things.Donald's profound knowledge left a deep impression on everyone.From this incident, everyone realized the importance of patience,calmness, carefulness and being knowledgeable. 6