课时冲关10 Unit 2 Natural disasters-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

高考总复习英语(YL) 课时冲关10 2 Unit I.阅读理解A主题语境：人与自然 Survival is every living being's basic in- stinct.Animals,you may have noticed,know how to make do in the worst of the situations; they can manage for days without food,wa- ter,and decent habitat.Humans too had the same survival instincts and the ability to care for themselves and their kind. With the development of the society,we have gained a lot of comfort and ease in our li- festyle,but unfortunately,with this cozy life, we have lost touch with our basic instincts. We are so dependent on the comforts around us that if you take them away,we do not know how to make do without them.We in- stantly begin to panic and fail to think logical- ly. Man is the most intelligent of nature's creation.Our achievements in every field are a distinct example of that.Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the creator?If you do not agree with me,then look around at the state of panic and chaos we are currently in.What is the cause of it?A vi- rus outbreak?No.It's the inability to deal with it calmly and the lack of faith in our abili- ties to get through it safely.We are looking at our governments for help.Why in such ur- gent circumstances are we still being needy and dependent?We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves,pull through this and protect our loved ones;more and in a better way than any government ever could. All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end,and only then will you be able to survive. Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through,step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself.It ·3 Natural disasters 体裁：议论文 话题：恢复自我生存能力 will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster,man-made or natural,on your own,with the right kind of advance preparation.It talks about disaster manage- ment at the most basic levels and how being prepared at an early stage can save you a lot of grief later.It is a survival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes. l.What does the underlined word“creator'”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Nature. B.Achievement. C.Mankind. D.Government. 2.What does the writer recommend us to do in disasters? A.Be equipped with multiple skills. B.Be appreciative of human's creations. C.Be calm and dependent on our capabili- ties. D.Be faithful about the help from govern- ments. 3.What might the writer agree with? A.A full preparation can help you survive the disasters. B.Animals are better survivors than hu- mans in disasters. C.A pandemic is the cause of the loss of logical thinking. D.Modernization is to blame for the panic we are in. 4.What might Frank Marshall be? A.A noted psychologist. B.A retired soldier. C.A film review writer. D.A magazine publisher. 06 基础必备 必修第三册 阅读理解B 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：新闻报道 话题：“全球沸腾” [答题栏] A July was the hottest month on record When Guterres uses deeply impactful globally.High temperatures and serious wild- phrases,he's not inviting us to imagine a Hol- fires have swept across the Northern Hemi- lywood-style disaster.What he's hoping is to 2 sphere.Oceanic heat waves are damaging the make people listen and act-now we can see 3. world's third-largest coral reef off Florida. what climate change looks like. And as the levels of greenhouse gases contin- Are there better phrases to describe this?4. ue to increase,it means many even hotter Possibly.Take the challenge yourself:can B summers lie ahead. you think up a brief,correct phrase to cover Last week,the United Nations Secretary- worsening local-and-regional-scale droughts,6_ General Antonio Guterres coined a new term. fires,typhoons and floods;damage to crops The time of“global warming”has ended,he and food safety;water shortages;existential announced,and the time of“global boiling” threats to coral reefs and low-lying communi-8 has arrived. ties?You can see how hard it is. But critics have strongly disagreed with 5.What does the underlined word“coined”in the phrase.At one level,“global boiling”is Paragraph 2 mean? 2 clearly an overstatement,but "global war- A.Explained. B.Invented. ming"is now far too weak a description. C.Valued. 3 D.Accepted. Many climate scientists have pushed for the 6.What do critics think of the term "global 4 term“global heating”to be used in prefer- boiling”? ence.Similarly,phrases such as "climate cri- A.It is overused. 5 sis"haven't received enough attention.That's B.It is exaggerated. 6 because many of us still feel we haven't seen C.It is lacking in enough attention. this crisis with our own eyes. D.It is too weak to describe the problem. But that is changing.In the past few 7.What can we infer from Paragraph 4? years,extreme weather and relevant events A.Climate crises are worsening. have struck many countries.Australia's Black B.Several crises will be solved. 9 Summer brought wildfires that burned an area C.People will face food shortages. 10 the size of the United Kingdom.Germany suf- D.People are taking effective measures. fered serious flooding in 2021.The 2022 flood 8.What is Guterres's hope in using deeply im- 11 in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. pactful phrases? 12 China has seen both droughts and floods. A.To scare people into taking immediate Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa action. 13 for many years.India has stopped rice exports B.To entertain readers with Hollywood- 14 due to damage from heavy rain. style stories. Critics of climate action often complain C.To provide a more accurate description of15 about what they see as the overuse of "crisis global warming. talk".If everything is a crisis,nothing is a D.To make people aware of the severity of crisis. the climate crisis. Ⅱ.完形填空主题语境：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：在大火中救出主人的猎犬 Lucky,a black-and-white Boston Bull Terrier,had 1.A.illness B.medicine been owned by a man,Fred,who had a mental disorder C.condition D.request that required him to take medicine.This 1 made 2.A.passed B.shouted him sleep quite deeply,so Fred only took it at bedtime. C.worked D.slept Lucky 2 by his side. 3.A.took B.lost One night,Fred 3 his medicine,went to bed C.tested D.ignored ·307· 高考总复习英语(YL) and fell asleep.The house wiring shorted and caught the 4.A.fire B.sale house on 4.Being under the medicine's power, C.time D.show Fred just 5 to sleep.Lucky barked and barked,but 5.A.began B.stopped Fred didn't 6 him.Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog C.continued D.refused but just a special animal that 7 what to do. 6.A.feed B.like C.hear D.bear When Lucky realized Fred wasn't 8 up,he 7.A.admitted B.knew jumped into the middle of his chest and started licking C.asked D.taught his face.Fred finally woke up and 9 the house was 8.A.giving B.waking on fire.He crawled out of the bedroom window. C.looking D.opening Once outside,Fred realized he had 10 his dog.He 9.A.realized B.believed reached through the 11 and grabbed Lucky,pulling C.proved D.informed him to safety.After the fire,Fred had to move into an 10.A.aimed at B.thought of apartment where he couldn't have 12.So he placed C.left behind D.brought up Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good 11.A.wall B.door home should be 13 for him. C.sheet D.window 12.A.kids My son and I saw an ad in the paper for a good B.pets C.friends D.noises home offering Lucky for 14,and called.We 13.A.kept B.built brought him home.We've 15 him for two years now, C.decorated D.found and he is four years old.Lucky inhaled ()so much 14.A.cure B.protection smoke the night of the fire that his bark will never be C.permission D.adoption normal again.He sounds terrible,but he has the spirit 15.A.raised B.missed of a lion. C.trained D.appreciated Ⅲ.语法填空主题语境：人与自然 体裁：新闻报道 话题：甘肃的6.2级地震 The 6.2-magnitude earthquake 1. possible.The provincial fire and rescue de- (strike)an ethnic county lying in Northwest partment has sent 580 rescuers 6. China's Gansu Province midnight Monday, (aid)with 88 fire engines,12 search and res- causing death,2. (destroy)and pan- cue dogs,more than 10,000 sets of equipment to ic.As of 10 am Tuesday,a total of 105 the disaster area.Relief efforts have been un- 3 (confirm)dead in Gansu and 11 in derway,7. the provincial authorities the neighbouring Qinghai Province,with hundreds sending emergency rations(口粮)and tents to injured. the affected areas.The railway authority has Due to high altitude,cold weather and suspended passenger and cargo trains 8. complex geological conditions,Jishishan (pass)through the quake zone and or- County is prone(易于)to natural disasters, dered a safety check of railway tracks.In Da- such as earthquakes.Since 1900,the area hejia township,9. the temperature within a radius of 100 km from the epicenter plummeted to 16 degrees Celsius below zero, 4. (record)seven earthquakes above over 140 medical staff at a local hospital were 5 magnitude busy treating the injured people.According to Fortunately,joint effort has been made first-person 10. (account),the loved (provide)assistance to them and ones of many of these patients are untraceable to restore normality to the region as quickly as in the aftermath of the earthquake. ·308·Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秋天树叶颜 色的变化以及变化的原因。 l.D[上文“We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves..”说 明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色，设空处应该围绕这个话题 展开，而后文“To answer this question,we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do..(要回答这 个问题，我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是千什么 的。)”说明是回答某个问题，所以D项“你有没有想过秋 天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？”呼应上文，并且是问 句，呼应后文，正好承上启下。] 2.C[上文“Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.”可知i 物从根部吸收水分，从空气中吸收二氧化碳，后文 "Plants use the sugar as food for energy.The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photo- synthesis((光合作用).（植物利用糖作为食物以获取能 量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方式叫做光合作 用。)”。C项中的“water and carbon dioxide”与上文一 致，“a kind of sugar'”与下文一致。] 3.F[上文“As summer ends and autumn comes,the days get shorter and shorter..”可知随着夏天的结束秋天的到 来，白天变得越来越短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关 于季节方面的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开 始准备过冬。”符合题意，并且与后文“During winter”相 呼应。] 4.A[上文“As the bright green fades away,we begin to see yellow and orange colors..”可知，当明亮的绿色消失， 我们开始看到黄色和橙色，而后文“We just can'tsee them in the summer,because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.(我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它 们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。)”是在说明看不到黄色和橙 色的原因，因此A项“树叶中一直有少量的这种颜色。” 与之相呼应，承上启下。] 5.G[上文“The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn.In some trees,like maples( 枫树)，sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.”可知我们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大部分是 在秋天形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会 留在叶子里。后文“The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves. 褐色如橡树是由树叶中残留的废物形成的。)”则开始解 释树叶这样变化的原因，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的 夜晚使树叶把糖变成红色。”符合题意，也是说明树叶颜色 的变化以及原因。门 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了秘鲁 首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种，使得海豹和海狮 数量得以很大恢复。 l.were hunted[考查动词时态语态。句意：它们在这里 被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因 为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。描述过去发生的事情应用 一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语为they,谓语动词用复数。] 2.o[考查介词。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝， 不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成 威胁。结合句意表示“对…构成威胁”可知短语为 pose threat to。 3.making[考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在帕洛米诺群 岛周围，有超过八千的海洋动物在这里安家。分析句子 结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主 语over8,000 of these marine animals构成主动关系，故 应用现在分词作状语。] 4.endangered[考查形容词。句意：在国际自然对话联盟 敲响警钟后，他们开始支持这些频危物种。修饰后文名 词species应用形容词作定语，endangered“濒临灭绝 的”，符合语境。] ·4( 参考答案 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联盟 界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对 这些海洋资源的责任。此处为定语从句修饰先行词are a,先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where 引导。] 6,economically[考查副词。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联 盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了 对这些海洋资源的责任。修饰后文形容词dependent应 用副词economically,作状语。] 7.themselves[考查代词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们 自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动 的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。此处指渔 民们自己，应用反身代词themselves作同位语。] 8.profitable[考查形容词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们 自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动 的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。根据后文 “but illegal'”可知应填形容词profitable,作定语修饰名词 短语marine activities。] 9.motivation[考查名词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很 大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计 一也就 是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。空处作 宾语，表示“动机”应用名词motivation,表抽象概念，不 可数。」 l0.seeing[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们保护海洋的动 机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计 也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。 see作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。] 课时中关0 I.A[语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类在 面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存 本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我 生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指 导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 l.C[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the,.,？(那么，为 什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开 始比创造者更信任…呢？)”可知这里的“creator”指的 是剑造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最 可能指的是“Mankind”,即人类自身。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves,pull through this and protect our loved ones;more and in a better way than any government ever could.(我们具备了照顾自己， 度过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、更 好。)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end,and on- ly then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就 是为最坏的情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只 有这样你才能生存下来。)”可以看出，作者建议我们在 灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的 准备。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through,step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself.It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster,man-made or natural,on your own,with the right kind of advance preparation. 克·马歇尔的《终极生存法则》将一步步引导你，帮助你 恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你应该做什么来独 自生存任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的，有了正确 的预先准备。)”可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full prepa- ration can help you survive the disasters..(充分的准备可 以帮助你度过灾难。)”。] 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“It is a sur- vival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army 3 高考总复习英语(YL) man aiming to teach you the basic survival methods when a disaster strikes.(这是一本基于一个军人的真实生活 经验的生存指南，旨在教你当灾难发生时的基本生存方 法。)”可以推断出，Frank Marshall可能是一位退休的士 兵，因为他有军队背景并且分享了基于军队经验的生存 技巧。] B.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述，随着气 候变化，“全球沸腾”的时代到来了。 5.B[词义猜测题。由文章第二段“Last week,the Unit- ed Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres coined a new term.The time of 'global warming'has ended,he announced,and the time of 'global boiling'has arrived. (上周，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯coined一个 新术语。他宣布，‘全球变暖’的时代已经结束，‘全球沸 腾’的时代到来了。)”可知，这里应指安东尼奥·古特雷 斯“创造”出一个新术语。所以猜测coined表“创造”的 意思。」 6.B「推理判断题。由文章第三段“But critics have strongly disagreed with the phrase.At one level,'global boiling'is clearly an overstatement,but'global warming'is now far too weak a description,（但批评者强烈反对这个 说法。在某种程度上，‘全球沸腾’显然是夸大其词，但 “全球变暖”现在还远远不足以形容。)”可知，批评者认 为用“全球沸腾”一词把实际情况夸大了。] 7.A[推理判断题。由文章第四段“But that is changing. In the past few years,extreme weather and relevant e- vents have struck many countries.Australia's Black Summer brought wildfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom.Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021.The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country.China has seen both droughts and floods. Terrible droughts have hit the Horn of Africa for many years.India has stopped rice exports due to damage from heavy rain.(但这种情况正在改变。在过去几年中，极端 天气和相关事件袭击了许多国家。澳大利亚的黑夏带 来了野火，烧毁了相当于英国大小的地区。2021年，德 国遵遇严重洪灾。2022年巴基斯坦的洪水淹没了该国 大部分地区。中国经历了旱灾和水灾。多年来，可怕的 干旱袭击了非洲之角。由于暴雨造成的损失，印度已经 停止了大米出口。)”可知，气候危机正在恶化。] 8.D[细节理解题。由文章第六段“When Guterres uses deeply impactful phrases,he's not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster.What he's hoping is to make people listen and act -now we can see what climate change looks like.(当古特雷斯使用极具影响力的短语 时，他并不是在邀请我们想象一场好菜坞式的灾难。他 希望的是让人们倾听并采取行动 一现在我们可以看 到气候变化是什么样子了。)”可知，古特雷斯希望使用 极具影响力的短语，让人们意识到气候危机的严重性。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一只波士顿 公牛猎犬Lucky在大火中救出了主人弗雷德，当弗雷德不 能抚养他的时候，作者把他领养回家，尽管他的吠叫因为 吸入太多的烟变得不再正常，但是他有狮子般的精神。 1.B。[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种药物让他睡得很 沉，因此弗雷德只在睡觉的时候服用。A.illness疾病； B.medicine药物；C.condition条件；D.request请求。根 据上文“Fred,who had a mental disorder that required him to take medicine.”可知，弗雷德需要服用药物治疗 精神紊乱。因此推断这种药物让他睡得很沉。] 2.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky睡在他的旁边。 A.passed通过；B.shouted呼喊；C.worked工作；D.slept 睡觉。根据上文“sleep quite deeply'”可知，波士顿公牛猎 犬Lucky睡在他身边。] 3.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天晚上，弗雷德服用 了他的药，上床睡着了。A.took吃；喝；服（药）；B.lost 失去；C.tested考验；D.ignored忽视。根据上文“This 1 made him sleep quite deeply,so Fred only took it at bedtime.”可知，弗雷德服药后上床睡觉了。] ·40 4.A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：房子的电线短路了，房 子着火了。A.fire火；B.sale销售；C.time时间； D.show展览。根据上文“The house wiring shorted”可 知，电线短路点着了房子。on fire“着火”。] 5.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：在药物的作用下，弗雷 德继续睡觉。A.began开始；B.stopped停止； C.continued继续；D.refused拒绝。根据上文“Being un der the medicine's power'”可知，由于药物作用，房子着火 后，弗雷德没有醒来，而是继续睡。」 6.C[考查动词词义辩析。句意：Lucky一直吠叫，但是 弗雷德听不见。A.feed喂养；B.like喜欢；C.hear听见； D.bear忍受。由下文“Fred finally woke up”可知，尽管 Lucky一直叫，但是弗雷德没有听见。] 7.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lucky不是一只训练有 素的援助犬，但却是一个知道做什么的特殊动物。 A.admitted.承认；B.knew知道；C.asked问，请；D.taught 教。根据上文“Lucky wasn't a trained aid dog but just a special animal”可知，Lucky不是一只救援犬，但是知道 做什么。] 8.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Lucky意识到弗雷德 不能醒来时，就跳到他的胸口上，开始舔他的脸。A.gv ing给；B.waking唤醒，醒；C.looking看；D.opening打 开。根据下文“Fred finally woke up”可知，Lucky意识到 Fred不能醒来。] 9.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：弗雷德终于醒了，意识 到房子着火了。A.realized意识到；B.believed相信； C.proved证明；D.informed告知。根据前半句可知，弗 雷德最终醒来，因此意识到了房子着火了。] 10.CL考查动词短语辨析。句意：到了外面，弗雷德意识 到他把狗留下了。A.aimed at针对；目的在于； B.thought of想出；C.left behind留下，遗留；D.brought up教育，培养。根据下文“He reached through the 11 and grabbed Lucky,pulling him to safety..”可知，弗雷 德从房子里救出他的狗，因此他把狗遗留在了房 子里。 11.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从窗户伸手抓住 Lucky,把他拉到安全的地方。A.wall墙；B.door门； C.sheet纸，被单；D.window窗户。根据上文“He crawled out of the bedroom window.”可知，弗雷德从窗 子里爬了出来，因此他通过窗子伸手进去救出了Lucky] 12.B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：火灾后，弗雷德不得不 搬进一套他不能养宠物的公寓。A.kids孩子；B.pets 宠物；C.friends朋友；D.noises噪音。根据下文“Sohe placed Lucky with a friend of his”可知，弗雷德搬去的 公寓不能养宠物。] 13.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他把Lucky寄托 在他的一个朋友身上，目的是为他找到一个好的家庭。 A.kept保持；B.built建立；C.decorated装饰；D.found 找到。根据上文“a good home'”可推断，弗雷德想要给 Lucky找一个好的家庭。] 14.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我儿子和我在报纸上 看到一个广告，寻找一个好的家庭收养Lucky,于是打 了电话。A.cure治愈；B.protection保护；C.permission 允许；D.adoption收养。根据上文“So he placed Lucky with a friend of his with the intention that a good home should be13 for him.”可知，弗雷德想要给Lucky 找一个好家庭，因此推断广告是为了找一个好家庭收 养Lucky。] 15.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我们已经养了他 两年。A.raised抚养，养育；B.missed错过，想念； C.trainedi训练；D.appreciated感激，欣赏。根据上文 “We brought him home,”可知，我们收养了Lucky,已经养 了两年。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了 甘肃省发生的6.2级地震的情况。 1.struck[考查名词。句意：周一午夜，中国西北部甘肃 省一个少数民族县发生6.2级地震，造成人员死亡、破坏 4 和恐慌。空处为句子谓语；根据时间状语“midnight Monday”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过 去时。 2.destruction[考查名词。句意同上。空处和名词 “death”以及“panic'”并列作动词causing的宾语，故填名 词形式destruction,destruction是不可数名词，] 3.were confirmed[考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：截 至周二上午10点，甘肃省共确认105人死亡，青海省11 人死亡，数百人受伤。主语“a total of 105”和动词con firm之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Asof10 am Tues-- day”可知，句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时 的被动语态，主语表示复数意义。] 4.has recorded[考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自1900年 以来，距离震中100公里以内的地区发生了7次5级以 上的地震。根据时间状语“Since 1900”可知句子用现在完成 时，主语“area”是名词单数。] 5.to provide[考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，已作出 共同努力向他们提供接助，并尽快恢复该地区的正常状 态。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作 目的状语。」 6.aided[考查非谓语动词。句意：省消防和救援部门已 派出580名救援人员，88辆消防车，12只搜救犬，1万多 套设备前往灾区。句中已有谓语动词has sent,空处应 填非谓语动词；动词aid和逻辑主语rescuers之间为被 动关系，应用过去分词；be aided with“在…的辅助下， 在…帮助下”是固定短语。] 7.wth[考查介词。句意：救援工作正在进行中，省政府 向受灾地区运送了紧急口粮和帐篷。此处是wth的复 合结构“with十宾语十宾补”，在句中作状语。] 8.passing[考查非谓语动词。句意：铁路局暂停了通过 震区的客运和货运列车，并下令对铁路轨道进行安全检 查。动词pass和“cargo trains'”之间是主谓关系，应用现 在分词作后置定语。] 9.where[考查定语从句。句意：在大河家镇，气温骤降 至零下16摄氏度，当地医院的140多名医务人员正忙着 治疗伤者。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从 句，先行词是“Dahejia township”,关系词在从句中作地 点状语，应用关系副词where引导。] l0.accounts[考查名词复数。句意：根据亲历者的描述， 在地震之后，许多病人的亲人无法找到。account'“描述， 叙述”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指。] 课时冲关11 I,A.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要说明了新研究 发现，人们可能会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不 准确的印象，这是首次根据网络帖子来调查人们对我们性 格的看法。 l.B[细节理解题。根据第一段“People may form inaccu- rate impressions about us from our social media posts, finds new Cornell University research that is the first to examine perceptions (of our personalities based on online posts.(康奈尔大学的一项新研究发现，人们可能 会从我们的社交媒体帖子中对我们形成不准确的印象 这是首次根据网络帖子来调查人们对我们性格的看 法。)”可知，你在网上的帖子会导致观看者对你的错误 判断。门 2.C[细节理解题。根据第三段“Viewers rated the Inter- net users on average as having lower self-esteem and be- ing more self-revealing,for example,than the users ra- ted themselves.Status updates containing photos,videos or links in addition to text facilitated more accurate as- sessments than those with just text the researchers found.(例如，观看者对互联网用户的平均评价比用户对 自己的评价更低、更自我。研究人员发现，除了文字之 外，包含照片、视频或链接的状态更新比只有文字的状 态更新更有助于准确的评估。)”可知，纯文本帖子不能 暴露你的个性。] ·4( 参考答案 3.D[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Wang said the find- ings could help developers design interfaces that allow people to express themselves most authentically.( 这些发现可以帮助开发人员设计出允许人们最真实地 表达自己的界面。)”可知，社交媒体开发者会对这些发 现最感兴趣。门 4.C[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Wang said the find ings could help developers design interfaces that allow people to express themselves most authentically.(王锐， 这些发现可以帮助开发人员设计出允许人们最真实地 表达自己的界面。)”可知，王认为这项研究的结果是有 用的。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在 数字时态，由于信息过载和注意力经济，批判思维不再是 唯一重要的技能，而更为关键的是“批判性忽视”的技能。 5.B[细节理解题。根据第二段“But right now,accord ing to Anastasia Kozyreva,a psychologist...they can expose us to revenue-generating advertisements.”可知， 注意力经济栖牲我们的时间，关注利润。门 6.C[细节理解题。根据第五段“Then when you do go into social media,you'd better...a reward so that you'll lessen its appeal..(然后，当你进入社交媒体时，你最好 设定时间限制。以这种方式限制自己，可以防止你在，点 击一个又一个吸引人的链接时忘记时间。最好不要把 上网时间作为奖励，这样会降低上网的吸引力。)”可知， 为了训练我们的批判性忽视技能，我们应该控制我们在 互联网上的时间。」 T.D[词义猜测题。根据划线词下文“They're designed to attract attention,not provide information.A sensational claim may provide a link with a headline that seems to support it,but a careful reading of the original source shows it doesn't.(它们是用来吸引注意力的，而不是提 供信息的。一个耸人听闻的说法可能会提供一个似乎 支持它的标题链接，但仔细阅读原始来源就会发现事实 并非如此。)”可知，标题往往具有欺骗性。由此可知，de ceiving与misleading“骗人的”意思相近。] 8.CL主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“In the days before the Internet,critical thinking was the most important skill that informed citizens could have.To think critical- ly,you need to read carefully,consider the credibility of sources,and reason out conclusions on your own. 联网出现之前的日子里，批判性思雏是知情公民可能拥 有的最重要的技能。要进行批判性思考，你需要仔细阅 读，考虑资料来源的可信度，并自己推断出结论。)”可 知，本文主要介绍了如何在数字时代实践批判性忽视。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]作者就家长如何帮助孩子恰当地使用电 子产品提出了四条建议。一起来看看吧。 1.E[下一句指出他们往往不确定如何帮助孩子恰当地 使用科技，并在上网时间与离线时间之间保持平衡。E 项（家长们在家里和工作中会看到更多的科技。）引起下 文。下一句中的they指的就是E项中的Parents。] 2.F[上一句指出签订设备使用合同让父母和孩子明确 应该怎样合理使用电子产品，并确保每个人都去遵守， 介绍了签订合同的好处。F项（此外，共同起草合同可以 促进理解。)和上文衔接自然。] 3.A[通读下文内容可知，本段主要指出父母要以身作 则，确保自己每天有离线的时间，以此鼓励孩子也这么 做。A项（为孩子树立榜样。）恰能概括本段内容，适合 作小标题。] 4,G[上一句指出让孩子远离屏幕的一个好方法是确保 他们有其他活动来打发时间。G项（这可以有多种形 式：足球、击剑等。)提到了一些具体的活动，并且下一句 中的These activities指的就是G项提到的活动。] 5.C[根据上文可知，本段建议在计划中留出没有电子产 品的家庭时间，上文举出了相应的例子。因此，C项（一 点额外的计划会大有帮助。)总结上文。] 5 ●