课时冲关9 Unit 1 Nature in the balance-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（译林版）

0 A 基础必备 必修第三册 [必修第三册] 课时冲关9 Unit 1 Nature in the balance I.阅读理解A 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：新闻报道 话题：一种天然驱蚊剂 Mosquitoes can carry various diseases The new study is significant because and one of the most popular is dengue(登革 there's an increasing number of deaths con- )Dengue is caused by any one of the four cerning mosquitoes.While there are alterna- related viruses spread by mosquitoes,because tive solutions,Filipinos cannot deny their of which numerous Filipinos died.One of the brothers and sisters living in poverty cannot easiest ways to prevent mosquitoes is to use afford to buy repellents.Yet,currently the repellents.In the market,there are many researchers aim to test how effective their nat- commercial mosquito repellents available. ural product is in repelling mosquitoes within The commonly used repellent in the Philip- households.This initial study will evaluate pines is quite unaffordable.Meanwhile,it the product's effectiveness before further tri- contains chemicals that may cause irritation als in broader applications. (刺激).These account for why researchers 1.Why do the researchers want to create an seek to develop an alternative mosquito repel- alternative repellent? lent. A.The effect of original products is doubted. The researchers plan to use natural com- B.There are too many mosquitoes to get rid of. ponents.Since the component is natural,the C.The providers fail to meet the market de- new mosquito repellent to be made from it is mands. effective yet inexpensive and poses no risks to D.The existing products are costly and health or environment.One of the major com- harmful. ponents being explored is from lemongrass. 2.What makes lemongrass extract an ideal Lemongrass has natural anti-microbial choice for the mosquito repellent? features,suitable for use on various types of A.Its unique property. skin infections,usually as a wash,and is es- B.Its distributing style. pecially effective on skin diseases.It has mos- C.Its easy extracting. quito repelling effects and is used to make a D.Its lower risk on eyes. mosquito repellent.In using this product,you 3.What can be inferred about the mosquito re- will spray it over all exposed skin areas.Con- pellent from the last paragraph? tact with eyes should be avoided.If irritation A.It will be long before being evaluated. occurs,wash off immediately and discontinue B.It is a popular mosquito-proof product. using.The very importance of this product is C.Its cheapness is its crucial selling point. to prevent the spread of multiple diseases D.Its natural makeup often appeal to its us- caused by mosquito bites.The new mosquito ers. repellent containing lemongrass extract(提取 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? also helps control the outbreak of other A.A Therapy Fighting back Mosquitoes insect-borne diseases such as Malaria,Lyme B.A Cost-Effective Natural Mosquito Re- Disease and West Nile Fever.After all,lem- pellent ongrass is a popular plant found commonly in C.Dengue:A common Disease from Mosquitoes the country and its extract is used for medici- D.Lemongrass:A Compound Extract from nal and food products. Nature ·303· 高考总复习英语(YL) 阅读理解B主题语境：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：生态学家和鸣角鸮的故事 It took an ill screech owl(鸣角鹗)to The experience caused Safina to think teach a scientist the value of up-close-and-person- more deeply about humankind's relationship al study. with nature and the kind of personal connec- In his Harvad talk,Carl Safina,an ecolo- tion he was able to feel with a wild individual. gist and author of Alfie and Me:What Owls "What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient Know,What Humans Believe,recalled that (有情感的)beings seek a feeling of well-being the chick was found dying in his backyard. and freedom of movement,"Safina said."That's Safina took it in and planned to nurse it back a guide to what's right and what's wrong to me." to health and then perform release.But the 5.What do we know about Alfie? owlet's flight feathers didn't grow properly. A.She developed a close bond with Safina. Safina delayed the release.Over those extend- B.She was a fictional character in Safina's ed months,Safina got to know Alfie in ways book. that moved and changed him. C.She intentionally landed in Safina's back- "An owl found me and then I was watc- yard. hing‘an owl',”he said..“It was no longer an D.She was dying because of the broken flight feathers. owl after a while,it was‘she’because she 6.What happened after Safina released Alfie? had a history with me.This little owl,who A.Alfie chose to stay with Safina at his was with me much longer than I thought she home. would be,became an individual to me by that B.They maintained a continous communica- history and all those interactions." tion. The bond with Alfie strengthened to the C.Alfie met mates and raised chicks by her- point that,when she was finally released,she self. created a territory with Safina's home at its D.Safina kept his distance from her to pre- center.Safina was able to spend hours each vent attachment. day observing her in the woods as she learned 7.What did Safina achieve in his study? to take care of herself in the wild,met two A.Recording six different calls of the screech mates,and raised chicks of her own. owl. When he heard Alfie calling,Safina said, B.Identifying different types of owls by he'd call back and she'd land nearby.Their their calls. closeness allowed him to learn more things C.Learning how to release owls back into about screech owls.Field guides,for exam- the wild. ple,describe two known calls but he identified D.Understanding personality differences among six,some of which you have to be quite close owls. to hear.The relationship also opened a win- 8.How did Safina's experience with Alfie dow for Safina onto personality differences be- impact him? tween Alfie and her mates. A.He became more focused on exploring When pointed out that his approach to nature. Alfie-including the act of naming her-ran B.He initiated his commitment to wildlife counter to widespread scientific practice,Safi- conservation. na said he wasn't concerned about violating C.He developed a deep appreciation for (违反)convention,particularly if something the welfare of living creatures. interesting like individual personality differ- D.He decided to guide readers to distin- ences among owls could be learned. guish between right and wrong. ·304 基础必备必修第三册 Ⅱ，阅读七选五 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：秋天树叶颜色的变化 [答题栏] Why Do Autumn Leaves Change Color? The bright reds and purples we see in leaves A We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves. are made mostly in autumn.In some trees,1 1 To answer this question,we first have like maples(枫树)，sugar is kept in the leaves2 to understand what leaves are and what after photosynthesis stops.5 The brown they do. color of trees like oaks is made from the 3. Leaves are nature's food factories.Plants wastes which are left in the leaves.All these 4. take water from the earth through their roots things make the beautiful colors we enjoy in B and take carbon dioxide from the air.2 Plants 5 autumn, use the sugar as food for energy.The way A.Small amounts of these colors have been in 6_------ plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sug- the leaves all the time. ar is called photosynthesis(光合作用).Chlo rophyll(叶绿素)helps make photosynthesis B.Why do people prefer autumn leaves to summer happen.Chlorophyll gives plants their green leaves? 8 color. C.Plants use sunlight to turn water and car-1 As summer ends and autumn comes,the bon dioxide into a kind of sugar. 2 days get shorter and shorter.3 During D.Have you ever wondered how and why an- winter,there is not enough light or water for autumn leaf changes color? 3 photosynthesis.Trees will rest and shut down E.Yellow and orange colors attract many of their food-making factories.There is no chlo- us in autumn. rophyll in the leaves.As the bright green F.This is how trees“know”when to begin5 fades away(逐渐消失)，we begin to see getting ready for winter. yellow and orange colors.4 We just can't G.Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn see them in the summer,because they are cause the leaves to turn the sugar into a red covered up by the green chlorophyll. color. Ⅲ.语法填空 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：保护濒危物种 In 1969,there were only 100 South American “The Fishermen'si Union defines the area fur seals and sea lions making their homes 5. each local fishing collective is along the coastline of the capital of Lima,Pe- 6. economic)dependent and as- ru.They 1. (hunt)almost to ex- signs responsibility for these marine re- tinction here,not only because of the values sources,"explained the IUCN.In this man- of their skin,but also because of the threat they ner,the fishermen 7. (they)have posed 2. fishermen as fish hunters. slowed economic migration from the Peruvian Today,around the Palomino Islands, Highlands to 8. (profit)but illegal there are over 8,000 of these marine animals marine activities,thus ensuring that the pro- 3. (make)their homes.Much of the tected area develops well. success of restoring the fur seal and sea lion Much of their 9. (motivate)for populations came from local fishermen in the coastal areas of Peru.They stepped up to sup- marine protection has come from 10. port these 4. (danger)species after (see)their livelihood through new eyes-that the International Union for the Conversation is,they've recognized the rise of traditional of Nature (IUCN)sounded their alarm bell. fisheries and tourism.And their practice is Recently,the IUCU detailed how local one of the best practices for area-based con- fisheries have become efficient managers. servation. ·305·高考总复习英语(YL) Ⅲ.[写作思路] :本文以人物为线索展开。讲述了作者的妈妈说服 故： 作者去演《爱丽丝梦游仙境》里的鱼仆。当第二天 事去演出的时候，作者开始退缩了；化完妆之后作者 梗 更不想去上台演出。妈妈消失在观众中，作者独自 概 一人等待参加演出，在等待的过程中作者遇到了梅 花2和方块A。 箬 由第一段首句内容“当叫到我的名字时，我忐 忑不安地走上舞台。”可知，第一段描写的是作 者在舞台上紧张不安的心理活动和反应。 段 写 得 由第二段首句内容“突然间，我下定决心要给 续 路 人留下深刻的印象。”可知，第二段描写的是作 第二 者想起梅花2和方块A的轻松自信，受到感 染，作者成功地完成了演出，演出结束后作者 得到了妈妈的夸赞，作者自己意识到要走出自 己的舒适区。 :续：走上舞台 —感受到观众的期待—想要离开舞 写 台 下定决心给观众留下好的印象 一挺直腰 线板 一清清嗓子一收获笑声与掌声—得到妈 索妈的夸赞 [参考范文了 When my name was called,I stepped onto the stage uneasily.The bright lights blinded me for a moment,and I felt the weight of the audience's expectant gazes.Despite that,my muscle memory took over.We had rehearsed so many times that I was like a robot,reciting my lines in the most monotone(单调的)voice imaginable..A small part of my brain whispered that I had said these lines much better in rehearsal,but I pushed that voice away.I just wanted to get off stage as fast as possible.Soon,the end of my scene was approaching,and I grew uncomfortably aware that the audience had indeed been very quiet during it.Had I done something wrong?Did they not like me? Suddenly I was determined to make a lasting impres- sion.I remembered the Two of Clubs and the Ace of Dia- monds,their easy confidence.They,too,had started somewhere,likely just as nervous and uncertain as I was now.Then I straightened my spine,cleared my throat,and yelled with all the force I could muster.Obviously,the au- dience heard me.As the dialogue began,I found my voice clear and strong,resonating through the theatre.I moved with purpose,embracing the absurdity of my costume and transforming it into a character that was both comical and endearing.With each passing minute,my confidence grew, fueled by the audience response of laughter and applause, their enjoyment tangible proof that I had overcome my fears.As the final curtain fell,Mom found her way back- stage,her eyes shining with pride."You were amazing, Riley,"she whispered.In that moment,I realized that stepping out of my comfort zone,despite the initial hesita- tion and fear,had led me to discover a strength within my- self that I never knew existed. 课时中关9 I.A[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了 菲律宾研究人员致力于开发一种天然驱蚊剂，这种含有天 然成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便宜，对健康或环境没 有风险。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第一段的“The commonly used repellent in the Philippines is quite unaffordable.Mean- while,it contains chemicals that may cause irritation )These account for why researchers seek to develop ·40 an alternative mosquito repellent.（在菲律宾，常用的驱 蚊剂是相当昂贵的。同时，它含有可能引起刺激的化学 物质。这些解释了为什么研究人员寻求开发一种替代 驱蚊剂。)”可知，研究人员想要创造一种替代的驱蚊剂 是因为现有产品价格昂贵且有害。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Lemongrass has natu- ral anti-microbial features,suitable for use on various types of skin infections,usually as a wash,and is espe- cially effective on skin diseases.It has mosquito repelling effects and is used to make a mosquito repellent,.(柠模草 具有天然的抗微生物特性，适用于各种类型的皮肤感 染，通常用作洗涤液，对皮肤病特别有效。它具有驱蚊 作用，被用来制作驱蚊剂。)”可知，它的独特性质让柠檬 草提取物成为驱蚊剂的理想选择。] 3.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The new study is significant because there's an increasing number of deaths concerning mosquitoes.While there are alterna- tive solutions,Filipinos cannot deny their brothers and sisters living in poverty cannot afford to buy repellents. ”可知，正在研发中的驱蚊剂的价格会是便宜的，这样使 很多贫困人口能够买得起，因此这将成为它的关键 卖点。] 4.B[主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“The com monly used repellent in the Philippines is quite unafford- able.Meanwhile,it contains chemicals that may cause irritation.(在菲律宾，常用的驱蚊剂是相当昂贵的。同 时，它含有可能引起刺激的化学物质。)”和第二段的 "The researchers plan to use...components being ex- plored is from lemongrass..”可知，文章主要说明了因为 现有的产品既昂贵又有害，所以研究人员想要创造一种 替代驱蚊剂，而天然成分柠檬草制成的驱蚊剂有效又便 宜，对健康或环境没有风险，因此B选项“具有成本效益 的天然驱蚊剂”适合作为文章标题。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了生态学 家Carl Safina与一只名叫Alfie的鸣角鹑的故事，以及这 段经历对他的影响。 5.A[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Over those extend ed months,Safina got to know Alfie in ways that moved and changed him.(在那些漫长的月份里，萨菲纳以一种 感动并改变他的方式了解了阿尔菲。)”根据第三段“This little owl,who was with me much longer than I thought she would be,became an individual to me by that history and all those interactions..(这只小猫头鹰，它和我在一起 的时间比我想象的要长得多，通过那段历史和所有这些 互动，它成为了我的一部分。)”可知，Safina与Alfie建立 了紧密的联系。] 6.B[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When he heard Alfie calling,Safina said,he'd call back and she'd land nearby.(当他听到阿尔菲的叫声时，萨菲纳说，他会回 应，她就会降落在附近。)”可知，他们保持了持续的 交流。] 7.D[细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The relationship al- so opened a window for Safina onto personality differ- ences between Alfie and her mates..(这种关系也为萨菲 纳打开了一个窗口，让他看到阿尔菲和她的伴侣之间的 性格差异。)”可知，Safina理解了猫头鹰之间的性格 差异。] 8.C[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘What I learned from Alfie is that all sentient(有情感的)beings seek a feeling of well-being and freedom of movement,'Safina said.'That's a guide to what's right and what's wrong tome.’(‘我从阿尔菲那里学到的是，所有有情感的生物 都寻求幸福感和自由的移动，’萨菲纳说。‘这对我来说 是判断对错的指南。')”可知，Safina对生物的幸福产生 了深深的欣赏。] 2 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了秋天树叶颜 色的变化以及变化的原因。 l.D[上文“We all enjoy the colors of autumn leaves..”说 明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色，设空处应该围绕这个话题 展开，而后文“To answer this question,we first have to understand what leaves are and what they do..(要回答这 个问题，我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是千什么 的。)”说明是回答某个问题，所以D项“你有没有想过秋 天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？”呼应上文，并且是问 句，呼应后文，正好承上启下。] 2.C[上文“Plants take water from the ground through their roots and take carbon dioxide from the air.”可知i 物从根部吸收水分，从空气中吸收二氧化碳，后文 "Plants use the sugar as food for energy.The way plants turn water and carbon dioxide into sugar is called photo- synthesis((光合作用).（植物利用糖作为食物以获取能 量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方式叫做光合作 用。)”。C项中的“water and carbon dioxide”与上文一 致，“a kind of sugar'”与下文一致。] 3.F[上文“As summer ends and autumn comes,the days get shorter and shorter..”可知随着夏天的结束秋天的到 来，白天变得越来越短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关 于季节方面的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开 始准备过冬。”符合题意，并且与后文“During winter”相 呼应。] 4.A[上文“As the bright green fades away,we begin to see yellow and orange colors..”可知，当明亮的绿色消失， 我们开始看到黄色和橙色，而后文“We just can'tsee them in the summer,because they are covered up by the green chlorophyll.(我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它 们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。)”是在说明看不到黄色和橙 色的原因，因此A项“树叶中一直有少量的这种颜色。” 与之相呼应，承上启下。] 5.G[上文“The bright reds and purples we see in leaves are made mostly in autumn.In some trees,like maples( 枫树)，sugar is kept in the leaves after photosynthesis stops.”可知我们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大部分是 在秋天形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会 留在叶子里。后文“The brown color of trees like oaks is made from the wastes which are left in the leaves. 褐色如橡树是由树叶中残留的废物形成的。)”则开始解 释树叶这样变化的原因，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的 夜晚使树叶把糖变成红色。”符合题意，也是说明树叶颜色 的变化以及原因。门 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了秘鲁 首都利马的渔民自发保护当地濒危物种，使得海豹和海狮 数量得以很大恢复。 l.were hunted[考查动词时态语态。句意：它们在这里 被猎杀到几乎灭绝，不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因 为它们对捕鱼者构成威胁。描述过去发生的事情应用 一般过去时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语为they,谓语动词用复数。] 2.o[考查介词。句意：它们在这里被猎杀到几乎灭绝， 不仅是因为它们的毛皮值钱，也因为它们对捕鱼者构成 威胁。结合句意表示“对…构成威胁”可知短语为 pose threat to。 3.making[考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，在帕洛米诺群 岛周围，有超过八千的海洋动物在这里安家。分析句子 结构可知make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主 语over8,000 of these marine animals构成主动关系，故 应用现在分词作状语。] 4.endangered[考查形容词。句意：在国际自然对话联盟 敲响警钟后，他们开始支持这些频危物种。修饰后文名 词species应用形容词作定语，endangered“濒临灭绝 的”，符合语境。] ·4( 参考答案 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联盟 界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了对 这些海洋资源的责任。此处为定语从句修饰先行词are a,先行词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where 引导。] 6,economically[考查副词。句意：IUCN解释说，渔民联 盟界定了每个当地渔业集体经济依赖的区域，并分配了 对这些海洋资源的责任。修饰后文形容词dependent应 用副词economically,作状语。] 7.themselves[考查代词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们 自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动 的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。此处指渔 民们自己，应用反身代词themselves作同位语。] 8.profitable[考查形容词。句意：通过这种方式，渔民们 自己减缓了从秘鲁高地向有利可图但非法的海洋活动 的经济迁移，从而确保了保护区的良好发展。根据后文 “but illegal'”可知应填形容词profitable,作定语修饰名词 短语marine activities。] 9.motivation[考查名词。句意：他们保护海洋的动机很 大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计 一也就 是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。空处作 宾语，表示“动机”应用名词motivation,表抽象概念，不 可数。」 l0.seeing[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们保护海洋的动 机很大程度上来自于用新的眼光看待他们的生计 也就是说，他们认识到了传统渔业和旅游业的兴起。 see作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。] 课时中关0 I.A[语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人类在 面对灾难时，由于过度依赖现代文明而失去了基本的生存 本能。文章通过提出问题和分析问题，呼吁人们恢复自我 生存能力，并通过Frank Marshall的《终极生存守则》来指 导人们如何在灾难面前自救。 l.C[词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Then why is it that we become so dependent on our creations that we begin to trust the creation more than the,.,？(那么，为 什么我们会变得如此依赖我们的创造物，以至于我们开 始比创造者更信任…呢？)”可知这里的“creator”指的 是剑造这些人类的发明或成果的主体。因此“creator”最 可能指的是“Mankind”,即人类自身。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“We are well equipped with skills to look after ourselves,pull through this and protect our loved ones;more and in a better way than any government ever could.(我们具备了照顾自己， 度过难关和保护亲人的技能；比任何政府都更多、更 好。)”以及第四段中的“All we need to do is be prepared for the worst like the world is coming to an end,and on- ly then will you be able to survive.(我们所需要做的就 是为最坏的情况做好准备，就像世界即将结束一样，只 有这样你才能生存下来。)”可以看出，作者建议我们在 灾难面前保持冷静，依靠自己的能力，并做好充分的 准备。] 3.A[推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Frank Marshall's Ultimate Survival Code will walk you through,step by step and help you restore the lost faith in yourself.It will guide you on to what you should do to survive any disaster,man-made or natural,on your own,with the right kind of advance preparation. 克·马歇尔的《终极生存法则》将一步步引导你，帮助你 恢复对自己失去的信心。它将指导你应该做什么来独 自生存任何灾难，无论是人为的还是自然的，有了正确 的预先准备。)”可以看出，作者可能会同意“A full prepa- ration can help you survive the disasters..(充分的准备可 以帮助你度过灾难。)”。] 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“It is a sur- vival guide based on the real-life experiences of an army 3