内容正文:
高频考点词类三 形容词和副词
考向明
解题巧
对于形容词、副词往往考查动词或名词变为形容词、形容词变为副词、形容词变为比较级或者最高级;副词变为比较级或者最高级的考频较低。
1.若提示词作表语,或修饰后面的名词,一般填形容词形式。
2.若提示词对整个句子或对其前、后的动词、形容词起修饰作用,一般填副词形式。
3.形容词/副词的比较等级
(1)比较级:much/even/far/a little/a bit/a lot+比较级+than
(2)最高级:the+最高级+in/of/among...
[典例剖析]
答案 1.functional 2.closed 3.tasty 4.spacious 5.Different 6.remarkable 7.harmful
【技法归纳】
【温馨提示】
名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀
后缀
例词
able
accept→acceptable可接受的 reason→reasonable合乎情理的
al
origin→original最初的 nature→natural自然的;天生的
ful
doubt→doubtful怀疑的 forget→forgetful健忘的
ed
scare→scared感到恐惧的 confuse→confused感到困惑的
ing
surprise→surprising令人吃惊的 convince→convincing令人信服的
ible
access→accessible可进入的 horror→horrible讨厌的;恐怖的
ive
attract→attractive有吸引力的 impress→impressive给人深刻印象的
ous
continue→continuous不断的;持续的 anxiety→anxious忧虑的 caution→cautious小心的;谨慎的 curiosity→curious好奇的
some
tire→tiresome令人厌烦的 trouble→troublesome引起麻烦的
y
taste→tasty美味的;可口的 wealth→wealthy富裕的;富有的
ern
east→eastern东方的;向东的
ish
child→childish孩子气的 self→selfish自私的
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三河南郑州二模)The________(innovate) approach proposed by the research team has revolutionized traditional methods in the field of genetic engineering.
innovative [考查形容词作定语。句意:研究团队提出的创新方法彻底改变了基因工程领域的传统方法。空处修饰名词approach,需要形容词形式作定语,innovate的形容词形式为innovative,表示“创新的”。故填innovative。]
2.(2025·高三安徽合肥二模)The results of the clinical trials were extremely________(encourage), showing a success rate of over 90% in treating the rare disease.
encouraging [考查形容词作表语。句意:临床试验的结果非常令人鼓舞,显示治疗这种罕见疾病的成功率超过90%。空处在系动词were后作表语,encourage的形容词形式为encouraging,表示“令人鼓舞的”。故填encouraging。]
3.(2025·高三湖北荆州二模)The research committee found the newly collected data________(rely) enough to support their groundbreaking conclusions.
reliable [考查形容词作宾语补足语。句意:研究委员会发现新收集的数据足够可靠,能够支持他们的突破性结论。空处在宾语data后作补足语,rely的形容词形式为reliable,表示“可靠的”。故填reliable。]
4.(2025·高三浙江台州二模)The________(remark) discovery of a new species in the deep sea has astonished marine biologists worldwide, as the creature possesses unique characteristics never before documented in scientific literature.
remarkable [考查形容词作前置定语。句意:在深海中发现的新物种这一非凡发现震惊了全球海洋生物学家,因为该生物具有科学文献中从未记载过的独特特征。修饰名词discovery,需用形容词remarkable表示“非凡的、值得注意的”。]
[典例剖析]
答案 1.rarely 2.originally 3.Basically
【温馨提示】
形容词→副词的构词法
规则
例词
以e结尾的形容词一般不去e,直接加ly
late→lately最近 rare→rarely很少 bare→barely几乎不 immediate→immediately立即;马上 brave→bravely勇敢地
以al结尾的形容词,直接加ly
typical→typically通常 eventual→eventually最后 occasional→occasionally偶尔 normal→normally通常 gradual→gradually逐步地 general→generally通常 especial→especially尤其 equal→equally同样地 actual→actually事实上
“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加ly
happy→happily高兴地 easy→easily容易地 heavy→heavily沉重地 busy→busily繁忙地 steady→steadily稳定地
“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e加y
simple→simply仅仅 gentle→gently温柔地 comfortable→comfortably舒适地 possible→possibly可能 reasonable→reasonably合理地 probable→probably可能 reliable→reliably可靠地 flexible→flexibly灵活地 horrible→horribly可怕地 terrible→terribly非常
以ll结尾的形容词,只加y
full→fully完全地 dull→dully沉闷地
以ic结尾的形容词,加ally
basic→basically基本上 scientific→scientifically合乎科学地 automatic→automatically自动地 economic→economically经济上
特殊变化
whole→wholly完全地 shy→shyly羞怯地 good→well好 public→publicly公开地 true→truly真正地
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三湖北荆州二模)The research team________(careful) analyzed the experimental data to ensure the accuracy of their conclusions before submitting the paper to the scientific journal.
carefully [考查方式副词修饰动词。句意:研究团队在将论文提交给科学期刊之前,仔细分析了实验数据以确保结论的准确性。空处修饰动词analyzed,表示分析数据的方式,需用副词carefully表示“仔细地”。形容词careful不能直接修饰动词。故填carefully。]
2.(2025·高三河南三门峡二模)The newly developed material is________(extreme) durable, capable of withstanding temperatures that would melt most conventional metals.
extremely [考查程度副词修饰形容词。句意:这种新开发的材料极其耐用,能够承受足以熔化大多数常规金属的温度。空处修饰形容词durable,表示程度,需用副词extremely表示“极其”。形容词extreme不能修饰形容词。故填extremely。]
3.(2025·高三山西太原二模)The research findings were________(recent) published in a peerreviewed journal, confirming what many experts had long suspected.
recently [考查时间副词修饰动词。句意:研究结果最近在一份同行评议的期刊上发表,证实了许多专家长期以来的猜测。空处修饰动词published,表示动作发生的时间,需用副词recently表示“最近”。形容词recent不能直接修饰动词。故填recently。]
4.(2025·高三山东临沂二模)The initial results were promising;________(consequent), the team decided to expand the scope of their investigation.
consequently [考查连接副词表示结果。句意:初步结果很有希望;因此,团队决定扩大调查范围。空处连接两个独立分句,表示因果关系,需用连接副词consequently表示“因此”。形容词consequent不能连接句子。故填consequently。]
5.(2025·高三福建福州二模)The archaeological team worked________(thorough) to preserve the fragile artifacts during the excavation, using specialized tools and techniques to ensure no damage occurred to these priceless historical objects.
thoroughly [考查方式副词修饰动词。句意:考古队在发掘过程中进行了全面细致的工作以保护这些脆弱的文物,他们使用专业工具和技术,确保这些无价的历史文物不受损害。空处修饰动词worked,表示工作方式,需用副词thoroughly表示“全面细致地”。]
6.(2025·高三河南郑州二模)The newly discovered exoplanet is________(potential) habitable, as initial data suggests it may possess liquid water and an atmosphere within the temperature range suitable for life as we know it.
potentially [考查程度副词修饰形容词。句意:这颗新发现的系外行星可能适合居住,因为初步数据表明它可能拥有液态水和大气层,温度范围适合我们所知的生命存在。空处修饰形容词habitable,表示可能性程度,需用副词potentially表示“可能地”。]
7.(2025·高三湖南岳阳二模)The scientists________(regular) monitor the volcanic activity using satellite imagery and groundbased sensors to predict potential eruptions.
regularly [考查频率副词修饰动词。句意:科学家们定期使用卫星图像和地面传感器监测火山活动,以预测潜在的喷发。空处修饰动词monitor,表示动作发生的频率,需用副词regularly表示“定期地”。形容词regular不能直接修饰动词。故填regularly。]
[典例剖析]
答案 1.largest 2.simpler/more simple 3.hotter
【技法归纳】
【即时训练】
1.(2025·高三广东广州二模)The________(late) research findings published in the journal suggest that the new treatment method is significantly more effective than traditional approaches, with fewer side effects observed in clinical trials.
latest [考查形容词最高级作定语。句意:该期刊发表的最新研究结果表明,与传统治疗方法相比,这种新疗法效果显著、更好,且在临床试验中观察到更少的副作用。空处修饰名词findings,需要表示“最新的”研究结果,应用形容词late的最高级形式latest,强调时间上的最近性。此处不可用later(比较级)或lately(副词)。故填latest。]
2.(2025·高三福建三明二模)The new algorithm processes data________(efficient) than the previous version, reducing computation time by nearly 40 percent.
more efficiently [考查副词比较级。句意:新算法比前一版本更高效地处理数据,将计算时间减少了近40%。空处修饰动词processes,且有than表示比较,需用副词efficiently的比较级more efficiently表示“更高效地”。形容词efficient不能直接修饰动词。故填more efficiently。]
3.(2025·高三安徽合肥二模)Of all the research methods tested, the new technique performed________(effective), yielding the most accurate results with minimal margin of error.
most effectively [考查副词最高级。句意:在所有测试的研究方法中,新技术表现最有效,产生的误差最小,结果最准确。空处修饰动词performed,且有of all表示最高级范围,需用副词effectively的最高级most effectively表示“最有效地”。形容词effective不能直接修饰动词。故填most effectively。]
4.(2025·高三四川成都二模)The________(advanced) version of this medical imaging technology provides clearer pictures than conventional methods, enabling doctors to detect abnormalities at much earlier stages.
more advanced [考查形容词比较级。句意:这种医学成像技术的更先进版本提供了比传统方法更清晰的图像,使医生能够在更早阶段发现异常。修饰名词version,需用形容词advanced的比较级more advanced表示“更先进的”。]
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