语法突破 专题二 第2讲 形容词和副词-【创新教程】2026年高考英语艺考生文化课百日冲关教参（外研版）

艺考生文化课百日冲关： 英语(WY) 第2讲 形容祠 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]形容词与副词 1.形容词与副词的句法功能 词性 功能 例句 He can speak fluent 作定语、表语、补语 English. 和状语（与句子用 形容词 She feels greatly for- 逗号隔开)。修饰 tunate working in a 不定代词（后置）。 big company. 作状语。方位副词 Fortunately for her, 副词 可作后置定语、表 she works in a big 语或补语。 company. 2.-ed型形容词和-ing型形容词 解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的 是“令人…”(-ing),还是“感到…”(-ed);第二， 看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)还是感受(-ed)。 具体如下： (1)ing型形容词主要用于修饰事物，表示事物的性 质特征，常译为“令人…的”。如： The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。（故事本身有趣） (2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到 …的”，强调人自身的感受；修饰事物时，则多修饰 smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，appearance(外貌)，cry (哭)，face(面部表情)，voice(声音)，mood(情绪)，look (表情)等显示某人情绪状况的名词，如： He had a pleased smile on his face. 他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(a pleased smile意为 “满意的微笑”，指某人因感到满意而露出的微笑) He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。(a very excited voice意为“很激动的声音”，指某人因感到 激动而发出的声音) 3.兼有两种形式的副词 其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容 词后加后缀-y。这两种形式的副词表示的意义 不同。 ·36 和副祠 [学生用书P236] close接近（指距离） free免费一freely自由 closely仔细地，密切地 地，自如地 deep深一deeply深刻地， hard努力地一hardly 深人地 几乎不 wide宽阔地一widely广 high 高-highly 高 泛地 度地 near 邻 近-nearly late晚、迟一lately近来 几乎 most最一mostly主要地； pretty相当一prettily 绝大多数地 优美地 /思 1下列单词以-y结尾，但却是形容词 而非副词：lively,lonely,lovely,deadly,friendly, ugly,silly,likely,brotherly,timely等。 4.句子副词的用法 有些副词并不修饰动词，而是修饰整个句子，表示 说话人的看法。常见的这类副词有： (1)表递进：besides,further,then,moreover等。 (2)表结果：therefore,consequently,accordingly, thus等。 (3)表转折：though,instead,otherwise,however等。 (4)表等同：similarly,equally等。 (5)表对比：rather,.oppositely等。 (6)表概括：altogether,.generally等。 (7)表列举：first(ly),second(ly),finally等。 (8)表同位：namely等。 (9)表时间：meanwhile,sometimes,occasionally等。 (l0)表特指：particularly,especially等。 5.常见的易混词 beside在旁边（或附近） besides此外，而且 later后来，以后 late迟的，晚的 latest最近的，最新的 before以前（以过去为 ago以前（以现在为起点） 起点) somewhere某处 everywhere到处 highly高度地；很； high在高处；高的 非常 wide广阔地；充分地 widely广泛地；普遍地 deep深深地 deeply深刻地；深沉地 free免费地 freely自由地；畅通地 close接近；紧挨着 closely仔细地；紧密地 hard努力地 hardly几乎不 near在附近 nearly几乎，差不多 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·北京卷)Most days after school,.I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick.It's (peace),especially around sunset. 解析：考查形容词。句意：每天放学后，我都喜欢和 我的狗狗NiCk一起在森林里散步。这里很宁静， 尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语， “peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”,意为“宁静 的”。故填peaceful。 答案：peaceful 2.(2024·新课标I卷)The latest engineering tech niques are applied to create this protective (function)structure that is also beautiful. 解析：考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来 创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名 词structure,应用形容词作定语。故填functional。 答案：functional 3.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They both fell (sleep)while watching TV. 解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都 睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容 词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为 asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，故填asleep。 答案：asleep 4.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning). 解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步 旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形 容词meaningful,.作宾语补足语。故填meaning ful。 答案：meaningful 5.(2022·全国甲卷) (culture)dining eti- quette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules. 解析：句意：饮食文化礼节可能因为它的一些重要 规则使你吃惊。culture的形容词是cultural。 答案：Cultural 6.(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花)：The beautiful(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fan- tastic decorations. 7.(2020·山东卷)In the18 th and19 th centuries, wealthy wealth)people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art. 8.(2020·天津卷)According to Professor Johnson, we don't have to read the book if we don't want to,as it is optional (option). ·36 语法突破专题二词形变化类 [考点二]比较等级 1.比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则形式 形容词、副词的比较等级 规则 情况 例词 比较级 最高级 cold;colder; 一殷的单词 在词尾加-er 在词尾加-est coldest 以不发音的 nice;nicer;ni 字母e结尾 在词尾加 在词尾加-st cest 的单词 happy;happi 以“辅音字母 er;happiest 把y改为i再 十y”结尾的 把y改为i再 unlucky; 加-er 加-est 单词 unluckier; unluckiest 以重读闭音 节结尾且末 big;bigger; 双写辅音字 双写辅音字 尾只有一个 biggest thin; 母，再加-er 母，再加-est thinner;thin 辅音字母的 nest 单词 多音节词和 在单词前 在单词前 slowly;more slowly: 部分双音节词 加more 加most most slowly (2)不规则的形式 good/well-better-best far-farther/further-farthest/furthest bad/ill/badly-worse-worst 2.比较级的用法 (1)表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，用“as 十形容词/副词的原级十as”“as十形容词十a(n) +单数名词十as”“as十many/much十复数名词/ 不可数名词十as”的结构。 Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is).=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is). 亨利和彼得一样都是好工人。 It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门 艺术。 (2)双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级十 than”表示。 This picture is more beautiful than that one. 这幅画比那幅画漂亮。 (3)三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the十 最高级”表示。这种句式一般常跟有表示比较范 围的介词短语。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. 张华是这三个人中最高的那个。 3 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) /思纟/ L.某些以-i0r结尾的形容词进行比较时，用t0代替 than。这些词有：inferior(较差的，次的)，superior (较好的，优于…)，junior(地位或级别低下的)， senior(级别高的)等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 他在化学上比张老师优秀。 2.否定词加比较级表示最高级的意思。 I can't think of a better idea. 这是我想到的最好的办法了。 3.表示“最高程度”的形容词。如excellent,extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·北京卷)Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly (long). 解析：考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠 结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会 儿”，应用比较级longer,表示“更久”。故填lon ger。 答案：longer 2.(2024·全国甲卷)For many of us,moderation means eating (little)than we do now. 解析：考查比较级。句意：对于我们中的许多人来 说，适度意味着比现在吃得少。由than可知用比 较级。 答案：less 3.(2021·全国甲卷)..we decided it was time for some action and what better(good)than to ride on a piece of history! 4.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements,leading to the illusion()that popu- lations are higher(high)than they actually are. 5.Two special friends in the Cincinnati area have created a merrier (merry)Christmas than ever for the children and families affected during the pan- demic(大流行病). 6.Roses,of course,have the most colorful (colorful) meaning among all the flowers. [考点三]形容词和副词的词性转换 1.常见的形容词转变方式 (1)一些名词，包括一些与“天气”有关的名词，后面加 -y可变成形容词。如rain一rainy,cloud一cloudy, wind-windy,snow-snowy等， (2)一些抽象名词在其词尾加-ful可以变为形容词。 t如care-careful,.help-helpful,use-useful等。 ·36 (3)一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加-ese或-n构 成形容词。如Japan一Japanese,America一Amer ican,Australia-Australian等。 注意：Canada-Canadian,China-Chinese,England -English。 (4)在名词后加-ous变成形容词。如danger一 dangerous等。 (5)在名词后加-ly变成形容词。如friend-friendly, love-lovely等。 (6)在名词后加-less变成含有否定意义的形容词。 如care一careless(粗心的)，use一useless(无用 的)，hope-hopeless(没希望的)，home-home less(无家可归的)等。 (7)一些以-ence结尾的名词，把-ence改为-ent变成 形容词。如difference一different,silence一 silent等。 (8)在名词后加-al或去掉-e再加-al或-inal构成形容 词。t如critic-critical,nature-natural,crime criminal等。 2.形容词变副词的方法 (1)一般在形容词的词尾加-y将其变成副词。如 quick-quickly,slow-slowly,loud-loudly,sudden -suddenly等， (2)一些以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，要把y改为i, 再加-ly。如happy-happily,angry-angrily, lucky -luckily,heavy heavily,noisy noisily等。 (3)有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词，去掉-e再加-y。 如possible一possibly,terrible--terribly等。 (4)少数以-e结尾的形容词，要去掉-e再加-ly。如 true一truly等。但绝大多数以-e结尾的形容词 仍然直接加-ly。如polite一politely,wide widely等。 (5)以-1结尾的形容词要在词尾加-1y,以-11结尾的形 容词要在词尾加-y。如usual-一usually,careful- carefully,useful--usefully,full-fully等。 1思：1 (1)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名 词，将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再 加-y,如：sun一sunny,fun-funny等。 :(2)少数以不发音的-e结尾的名词变为形容词时，应 去掉-e,再加y如：noisenoisy,iceicy等。 了对点演练 DUI DIAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 1.(2025·全国二卷)Even if you haven't been to the small fishing village Mevagissey,you've (probable)seen it in a movie or British TV show. 解析：考查副词。句意：即使你没有去过小渔村 Mevagissey,你也可能在电影或英国电视节目中看 过它。副词修饰动词，故填probably。 答案：probably 2.(2024·全国甲卷)Eating alone, (special)in front of the TV or computer,often leads to mind- less overeating. 解析：考查副词。句意：一个人吃饭，尤其是在电视 或电脑前，往往会导致盲目的暴饮暴食。 答案：specially 3.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)(basic),how to de scribe a panda's life. 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空 后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是 basically,空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Ba sically。 答案：Basically 4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he looked down,he (accidental )slipped and fell over the edge. 解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了 一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。分析句子结构，设空 处应该填副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容 词，意为“意外的”，其副词为accidentally,意为“意 外地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。 答案：accidentally 5.(2022·全国甲卷)People in Thailand (general)use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. 解析：句意：泰国人通常只用叉子把食物推到汤匙 上。空处应填副词修饰动词。 答案：generally 6.(2020·新高考I卷)Landing on the moon'sfar side is extremely (extreme)challenging. 7.(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)Bamboo:Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo'”plants and you will see them of- ten in their homes and offices.Certainly (certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must. 8.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly (poor)studied. 高考对接 GAO KAO DUI JIE 形容词和副词在语法填空中的命题点 1.考查形容词或副词的比较等级 所给提示词是形容词或副词时，需考虑是否变为比 较级或最高级。 ①(2o23·浙江卷1月)Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and simpler (simple)in design and decoration,and the hutongs were narrower. ·36 语法突破专题二词形变化类 ②(2022·全国乙卷)Fruit juices,milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,as are small companies manufacturing fewer (few)than 1m litres per year. ③(2021·浙江卷)When the house was built,it was much smaller (small)than it is today. ④(2o20·全国Ⅲ卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像)done so he called all great artists to come and present their finest (fine)work,so that he could choose the best. 2.考查词类转换 所给提示词是形容词时，还需要考虑形容词转化为 副词或名词。 ①(2023·新课标I卷)Xiao long ba0（soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of deli- cate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,tasty (taste)soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. ②(2022·全国甲卷)..the birds were given five differently (different)shaped "keys"to choose from. ③(2021·新高考I卷)But that's how nature is always leaving us astonished (astonish). 过关演练 GUO GUAN YAN LIAN 单句语法填空 L.(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance be tween the black and white pieces,the beauty in the (strategy)placement of the pieces,.. 解析：考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间 的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋 所蕴含的能量流动，…。此处修饰名词place ment,需用形容词strategico或strategical'“战略性 的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 答案：strategic/strategical 2.(2024·新课标I卷)In cold weather,the struc- ture stays (close)to protect the plants. 解析：考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这 个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于 stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭 的”，符合题意。故填closed。 答案：closed 3.(2023·北京卷)Soon after moving to Switzer- land,I threw a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up (exact)on time. 解析：考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办 一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都准时出现时，我 艺考生文化课百日冲关英语(WY) 感到非常惊讶。此处修饰介词短语on time,应用 副词exactly作状语。故填exactly。 答案：exactly 4.(2023·浙江卷1月)The term“hutong”, (original)meaning "water well"in Mongolian,ap- peared first during the Yuan Dynasty. 解析：考查副词。句意：“胡同”起初在蒙古语当中 是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动 词meaning,需要填副词形式。故填originally。 答案：originally 5.(2023·浙江卷1月)The hutongs they formed were orderly,lined by space)homes and walled gardens. 解析：考查形容词。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有 序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处 需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。 故填spacious。 答案：spacious 6.(2022·全国乙卷)In1916,two girls of (wealth)families,best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Un derwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. 答案：wealthy 7.Of all living things,human beings are the (clever). 答案：cleverest 8.A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet (height). 答案：high 第3讲 主谓一致与动有 考点精析 KAO DIAN JING XI [考点一]主谓一致 主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和其主语在人称和数 上必须保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循三个原则：语法 一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 1.语法一致原则 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数 (1)动名词短语、动词不定式短语、单个从句或不定代 词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。 Everything is in a complete mess,which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。 ·36 9.Practice some (relax)techniques before you go into a social situation. 答案：relaxing 10.Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been popu- lar). 答案：more popular 11.Frank put the medicine in a top drawer to make sure it would not be (access)to the kids. 答案：accessible 12.In this lecture,I can only give you a purely (person)view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. 答案：personal 13.After climbing up the top of the mountains,the three of them sat there, (hunger)and tired. 答案：hungry 14. (thankful),I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. 答案：Thankfully 15.-Volunteering is becoming (increas- ing)popular in China. -Yeah,people are now aware that helping oth- ers is helping themselves. 答案：increasingly 16.We saw each other (regular),but I haven't heard from him since last year. 答案：regularly 的时态和语态[学生用书P240] /思 I what引导的从句作主语时，谓语 动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意 义，则谓语动词用复数形式。 What he said is far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。 What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这个学校需要的是合格的老师。 (2)主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,like, but,except,along with,rather than,including,in addition to等引出的短语时，谓语动词的数要与 前面的主语保持一致。 The teacher as well as his students was very ex- cited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。 66