专题1 四选一阅读 第2节 归题型分类讲 题型4 词句猜测题-【创新大课堂】2026年高考二轮英语专题复习

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考阅读理解词句猜测题核心考点，涵盖词义、代词指代、句意猜测三大考向，按逻辑关系、语法关系、构词法、上下文语境四大技法构建知识体系。通过考向梳理、技法归纳、典例剖析、真题训练的教学流程，帮助学生系统掌握推断策略，突破理解难点。 资料创新采用“技法分层+真题情境”教学模式，如逻辑关系法通过信号词分析上下文，构词法结合词根词缀拆解词义，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。即时训练精选新课标卷改编题，分层设计基础与提升练习，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

题型四　词句猜测题 词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对代词所指代内容的判断。 词义猜测题主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个单词或词组含义的能力，这些词和词组往往超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。词义猜测题的设问方式主要有：What does the underlined word/phrase “...” in paragraph...mean/refer to？What's closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph...? Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph...？Which expression can best replace the underlined word/phrase “...” in paragraph...? 技法1　根据逻辑关系猜词义 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅱ，D片段) In_the_wrong_hands，such a book could prove as complicated to process 　　　　　　　　　　　线索句 as the computer code(代码) that powers AI ，Campbell has 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　信号词 more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into 　　　　线索句 the understandable.She writes from the practical angle of a business person 　　　　　　　　　　　验证句 rather than as an academic，making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which，by the close，will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32．What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? 设问方向：第二段中画线短语“In the wrong hands”的意思 A．If read by someone poorly educated. B．If reviewed by someone ill­intentioned. C．If written by someone less competent. D．If translated by someone unacademic. 判断逻辑关系：信号词but，thankfully表示转折关系，暗示画线短语所在部分与后面的意思相反。 分析解题线索并推断词义：后面的句子提到坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，能把复杂难懂的东西翻译成可以理解的东西。结合转折关系可以推断，前面应该表示“如果是由能力较差的人来写，这样一本书可能会和驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂”，故推测画线短语表示“如果是由能力不足的人写的”。 验证词义：后文说她从一个商业人士的实际角度而不是从一个学者的角度来写作，这使得这本指南非常容易理解而且信息丰富。这也证明了她有能力，写得好，故C项正确。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·湖南高三校联考阶段练习片段) Zhao said the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will make more efforts to bolster the building of the 5G network in an orderly manner and accelerate its industrial applications, push forward the research and development of 6G, and strengthen international exchange and communication in 5G­related technology, standards and application. 1．What does the underlined word “bolster” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Reduce. B．Improve. C．Oppose. D．Evaluate. B　[词义猜测题。根据上下文逻辑，从第三段画线单词所在句的三个并列谓语动词“accelerate(加快)”、“push forward(推进)”以及“strengthen(加强)”可以推断，bolster意为“促进，加强”。故选B。] B (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B改编) The results were staggering．The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 2．What does the underlined word “staggering” imply about the students' work? A．It was unexpectedly impressive. B．It was poorly organized. C．It lacked originality. D．It followed strict rules. A　[词义猜测题。前文提到学生最初写作表现差，后文描述其提交的长篇感人故事，形成反差，故“staggering”强调“令人惊叹的”，与A项匹配。故选A。] C (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解C改编) Eschewing fertilizers and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 3．Which of the following best explains the word “Eschewing”？ A．Avoiding B．Recycling C．Inventing D．Advertising A　[词义猜测题。后文提到“like nature does”(自然园艺不用化肥和机械)，因此“eschewing”应与“avoiding”同义。故选A。] D (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解D改编) Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism “provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.” 4．What does “a silver lining” refer to in the last paragraph? A．A risky experiment B．A positive aspect C．A financial challenge D．A technical error B　[词义猜测题。前文讨论性别化产品的弊端，但“however”后提到拟人化能改变刻板印象，故“a silver lining”指困境中的“积极面”。故选B。] 技法2　根据语法关系猜词义 [典例剖析]　(2021·全国甲，C片段) Southbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center of British skateboarding，where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters. 　　　　　　　　　　原文关键词＝题干线索词 We spoke our own language.And my favorite： Safe meant cool.It meant 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　信息句 信号词 hello.It meant don't worry about it.Once，when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆)，I fell onto the stones，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Toby came over，helping me up：“Safe，man.Safe.” A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their boards loud，shouting：“Safe!_Safe!_Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a good skater. 分析句子，找寻语法关系信号词，做出猜测： 由信息句可知，信号词为meant，说明后面的内容是对前面的解释，所以根据后面的cool，hello和don't worry可知，safe在这一群人之间可以表示赞扬、问候或安慰，结合画线词是朋友们在作者掌握一项技巧之后所说，故推断“Safe！Safe！Safe！”应该是赞扬的意思。 对比选项，确定答案： 对比选项知B项“做得好！”为正确答案。 29．What do the underlined words “”probably mean？定位题干线索词 设问方向：画线词“Safe！Safe！Safe！”的意思 A．Be careful！　　　　B．Well done！　　　　C．No way！　　　　D．Don't worry! 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C改编) “Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.’” 1．What does the underlined word “champion” in paragraph 3 mean? A．To win a competition B．To support strongly C．To criticize openly D．To ignore completely B　[词义猜测题。根据语法结构，“champion”位于不定式“to”后作动词，且宾语为“New York as a decent place to live”，应表示“支持”或“倡导”。故选B。] B (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解C改编) “Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy_lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers and power tools, it's based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.” 2．What does the underlined phrase “heavy lifting” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Physical exercise B．Difficult tasks C．Scientific research D．Artistic creation B　[词义猜测题。该短语在句中作名词性成分，与“designing”并列，比喻大自然承担“繁重工作”。故选B。] C (2025·全国高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B改编) “‘I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher，’says Ho.There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.” 3．What does the underlined word “given” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Assigned B．Specific C．Donated D．Explained B　[词义猜测题。此处“given”修饰“time”，作形容词，意为“特定的”(at any given time＝在任何特定时间)。故选B。] D (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D改编) “Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.” 4．What does the underlined word “settled” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Decided B．Deposited C．Dissolved D．Evaporated B　[词义猜测题。与“stuck”， “filled”， “fallen”并列，均表示“沉积/滞留”在特定地点。故选B。] 技法3　根据构词法猜词义 [典例剖析]　(2023·新课标Ⅰ，C片段) The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so，I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. [1]判断画线词类型：派生词：词根clutter v．凌乱地塞满；乱堆放 n．杂乱的东西；杂乱　前缀de­为否定前缀，有去除之意 [2]初步确定词义：所猜词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”，即“清理” [3]验证词义：画线词后句中的This process指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理，推知declutter意为“清理”，备选项中，clear­up与此同义，故A项为正确答案。29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? 设问方向：第三段中画线单词“declutter”的意思 A．Clear­up.　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Add­on. C．Check­in. D．Take­over. 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·全国高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解D改编) “Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re­appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine.” 1．What does the underlined word “re­appropriated” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Thrown away carelessly B．Used again creatively C．Sold at high prices D．Cooked improperly B　[词义猜测题。构词法分析：前缀“re­”表示“重新”，词根“appropriate”意为“占用/使用”，后缀“­ed”构成过去分词。 上下文线索：与“turned into excellent cuisine”形成因果逻辑，指食材被“重新利用”。故选B。] B (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解D改编) “Martin sees a silver lining, however: She believes that anthropomorphism‘provides an opportunity to change stereotypes.’” 2．What does the underlined word “anthropomorphism” in the last paragraph mean? A．Removing human traits from objects B．Giving human characteristics to non­human things C．Studying ancient human cultures D．Creating genderless products B　[词义猜测题。构词法分析：词根“anthropo­”(人类)＋“morph”(形态)＋“­ism”(主义)，直译为“拟人化”。 上下文验证：后文举例“male robot that assists with nursing”印证赋予非人物体人类特质。故选B。] C (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A改编) “PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons: The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation.One long­term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air.” 3．What does the underlined word “Synthetic” in the chart mean? A．Naturally occurring B．Artificially produced C．Environmentally harmful D．Chemically unstable B　[词义猜测题。 构词法分析：词根“syn­”(共同)＋“thet”(放置)＋“­ic”(形容词后缀)，原指“综合的”，引申为“人工合成的”。与“from recycled air”呼应，强调非天然制造。故选B。] 技法4　根据上下文语境猜词义 上下文语境是猜测画线部分含义的重要依据之一。在解题时，考生需要“瞻前顾后”，全面考虑文章所要表达的含义。有时，文章会在上下文中给出线索，考生可依此猜测画线部分的含义。 [典例剖析]　(2024·新课标Ⅰ，C片段) When reading texts of several hundred words or more， 线索1 learning is generally more successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine 线索2 through when experimenters move from posing simple 　　　　　　　线索3 tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. 28．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? 设问方向：画线短语“shine through”的意思 A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 瞻前顾后寻找线索： 线索1：当阅读几百或更多字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在电子屏幕上学习更成功。 线索2：阅读印刷品的好处尤其…… 线索3：当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章中的主要思想)到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时。 分析解题线索并推断词义： 由画线词前面的线索1可知，在纸上学习非常有优势，线索2在程度上递进说优势尤其______，画线词后面的线索3提到当实验人员把任务从易到难推进时的情境，可以推测画线短语应该是表示阅读印刷品的优势在此情境的特点，结合短语中shine“闪耀；出色”可推知，画线短语应该意为“更为明显”。 对比选项，确定答案： 对比选项发现D项“容易被注意到”与猜测词义相近，故为正确答案。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B改编) “I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance—the ability to connect people, to put_us_in_another's_skin,_to teach us what it means to be human.” 1．What does the phrase “put us in another's skin” in the last paragraph mean? A．To physically transform someone B．To understand others' perspectives C.To criticize others' behaviors D．To protect oneself from harm B　[词义猜测题。 上下文线索：与“connect people”和“teach us what it means to be human”并列，强调写作的共情作用。 习语含义：英语习语“put oneself in someone's skin”意为“换位思考”。 干扰项排除：A项字面化错误，C/D项与语境情感不符。] B (2025·浙江卷·阅读理解B改编) Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of their decisions.“When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts，’ you can say，‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some other choices，’”says Markey.“Let them feel like they have some control over it.” 2．What does the word “exposes” in paragraph 4 mean in this context? A．Protects from B．Reveals to view C．Leaves unprotected D．Introduces to experience D　[词义猜测题。 语境分析：后文举例说明让孩子体验“自然结果”(natural consequences)，非字面的“暴露”含义。动词搭配：“expose sb.to sth.” 在此处意为“使……体验”。干扰项辨析：B项“显露”是字面义，未体现“体验过程”；C项“使暴露于危险”与教育语境矛盾。] 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。常见的设问形式有：What does the underlined word “that/this/it/...” in paragraph...refer to? [典例剖析]　(2024·浙江1月，B片段) When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain.Ages ago，right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was...2006.I was conducting auditions(试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.Hoping to impress some 　　　　　　　　就近名词　　　　　　　　　　　　　　解题关键句 talented actors to come and work for me for nothing，I spread some throws over 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　代词位置：段末，应指代上文 the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young professional”． 24．What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? 设问方向：第一段画线代词“it”的指代对象 A．The play.　　　　　　　　　　　 B．The shared house. C．The sofa. D．The telephone box. 寻找解题线索：代词it指代单数，可知指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。 分析关键句，识别指代内容： 关键句提到为了给一些有才华的演员留下深刻印象，让他们免费为“我”工作，“我”在沙发上铺了一些垫子，点燃了蜡烛，为了让它看起来更“年轻专业”一点。此处的“它”应该指代上文提到的“我的小旧合租房”。故答案选B。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 A (2025·全国高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B改编) “Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.‘I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，’Ho says.‘They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.’” 1．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Expressing sympathy B．Giving no assignments C．Caring about schoolwork D．Teaching hospital students B　[代词指代题。“it”指代前句主语“don't give the kids any assignments”；后文“disservice”(伤害)对应不布置作业的行为；干扰项排除：A项是伴随行为而非指代核心；C项与“don't care”矛盾。] B (2025·全国高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C改编) …… Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty­six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. 2．What does the underlined word “these” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Western cities B．Campaigns against car­centric design C．Needs of motor cars D．High ownership rates B　[代词指代题。前段提及“campaigns to stop destruction”(反对破坏公园的运动)；逻辑衔接：“although”转折说明运动虽多但效果有限；干扰项排除：A项是“redesigned”的对象而非“campaigns”主体；D项是后文新信息。] 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。设问方式有：What does the underlined expression/sentence “...” in paragraph...mean? [典例剖析]　(2019·浙江，B片段) Money_with_no_strings_attached.It's not something you see every day. 原文画线句 But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need．” 关联信息句 24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? 设问方向：第一段画线句子“money with no strings attached”的意思 A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together.,分析信息句，猜出画线句的句意： 定位原文画线句，找到后面的关键信息句“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”(给出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的)，可知如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果需要钱，就可以拿走钞票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。对比答案知C项符合，为正确答案。 【技法归纳】 【即时训练】 The concept of “digital detox” has gained popularity in recent years as people increasingly recognize the negative effects of constant screen time.It refers to a period when a person refrains from using digital devices to reduce stress and improve mental well­being.Many report feeling more focused and relaxed after such breaks. However, critics argue that complete avoidance of technology is unrealistic in today's world.They suggest a more balanced approach—being mindful of one's digital consumption rather than eliminating it entirely.“Technology is a tool，” says Dr.Chen, a psychologist.“Like_any_tool，the_key_lies_in_how_we_use_it,_not_whether_we_use_it.” What does Dr.Chen imply by saying “Like any tool, the key lies in how we use it, not whether we use it”？ A.Digital devices should be completely abandoned. B.The focus should be on responsible use of technology． C.Technology is inherently harmful to mental health. D.Only certain people should be allowed to use technology. B　[句意猜测题。题干直接引用Dr.Chen的话，将技术比作工具，强调“how we use it”比“whether we use it”更重要。前文提到批评者认为“complete avoidance is unrealistic”，支持“balanced approach”的观点。工具比喻强调使用方式的重要性，与B项“responsible use”完全对应；“not whether we use it”直接否定全盘拒绝技术(A项)的极端观点。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $