Unit 8 Natural disasters.Lesson1-Lesson2知识清单2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 Natural disasters.Lesson1-Lesson2知识清单 Part1核心单词 1 powerful /'paʊəfl/ adj. 力量大的 powerful 强调“具有强大力量、能量或影响力的”，可用于描述物体、自然现象、人或组织等。 相关词汇：power n. 力量；权力 powerfully adv. 强烈地；强大地 例：The elephant is a powerful animal that can carry heavy loads. 大象是力量强大的动物，能搬运重物。 My dad bought a powerful computer to help with his work. 我爸爸买了一台功能强大的电脑来辅助工作。 2 shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭；(使)关门 adj. 关闭；停业 shut 一词多义： (1) 作动词时，shut 可表示“关闭；(使)关门”，过去式和过去分词均为shut。 (2) 作形容词时，shut 常用于“be shut”结构，表示“关闭；停业”。 常见搭配：(1)shut the door/window 关上门 / 窗 (2) shut down(使)(系统、大型设备)停止运转；(机构、企业)关闭 (3) shut off 切断煤气(或水等)的供应；停止供应煤气(或水等)；关闭机器 例：Remember to shut the window before you leave the room. 离开房间前记得关上窗户。 The store shuts at 9 p.m. every day.这家商店每天晚上 9 点关门。 The restaurant has been shut for renovations since last week. 这家餐厅从上周起停业装修了。 3 advise /əd'vaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 advise 动词，意为“建议；劝告”。常见用法： (1) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事，后接不定式作宾补； (2)advise doing sth. 建议做某事； (3)advise sb. against (doing) sth. 劝告某人不要做某事； (4) advise + that 从句，从句用虚拟语气，谓语为“should +动词原形”，should 可省略。 相关词汇：advice 不可数名词，意为“建议”，需搭配量词使用，例如：a piece of advice 一条建议。 例：My teacher advised me to read more books to improve writing skills.我的老师建议我多读书以提高写作能力。 The doctor advised him against staying up late every day.医生劝告他不要每天熬夜。 We advised that she (should) take a break before the exam. 我们建议她考试前休息一下。 4 anytime /'enitaɪm/ adv. 在任何时候 anytime 作为副词，可用于句首、句中或句尾，修饰动词或整个句子，强调时间的灵活性。同义表达：at any time(更正式)。 例：You can call me anytime if you need help.如果你需要帮助，任何时候都可以给我打电话。 The library is open 24/7, so you can study there anytime.图书馆全天开放，所以你任何时候都能在那里学习。 5 survival /sə'vaɪvl/ n. 生存；幸存 survival 表示“生存”时，常与介词“of”搭配，构成“the survival of ...”结构，意为“……的生存 / 幸存”。 常见搭配：the fight for survival 为生存而战 相关词汇：survive v. 幸存；存活；比……活的时间长；survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 例：The book tells the story of his survival in the desert for 30 days.这本书讲述了他在沙漠中生存30 天的故事。 Their main concern is the survival of the species.他们最关心的是这个物种的存活。 These ancient tools are important survivals from the Stone Age. 这些古老的工具是石器时代重要的遗物。 He survived the earthquake. 他在地震中幸存下来。 The survivors of the plane crash were sent to the hospital. 飞机失事的幸存者被送往了医院。 Part2 核心短语 1 plenty of 大量的；充足的 plenty of 意为“大量的；充足的”，既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词。plenty of 同义词组为lots of 或a lot of。 “plenty of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与其前面的名词在数上保持一致。 例：There is plenty of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有大量的水。 They have plenty of books to read during the vacation.假期里他们有充足的书可以读。 2 keep an eye out 密切注意 辨析：keep an eye out for 与keep an eye on keep an eye out for 意为“注意；留心；警惕”。 keep an eye on 意为“照看；留意”，相当于look after。 例：When you buy something, you must keep an eye out for fake products.当你买东西时，你一定要留意假货。 Could you please keep an eye on my children for a while? 你能照看一会儿我的孩子们吗？ 3 bring down 使崩溃 bring down 意为“打垮；击败；使崩溃；使倒下”。是“动词副词”型短语，代词作其宾语时，要放在bring和down 中间。 bring down 还可意为“降低；减少”。 与bring 相关的短语：(1)bring back 使回忆起 (2)bring up 抚养；养育 例：Make sure to bring down Class One in the football match.确保在足球比赛中打败一班。 You should bring down the prices of the goods.你应该降低这些商品的价格。 The old photos brought back many happy memories.这些老照片唤起了很多幸福的回忆。 4 protect sb. from ... 保护某人免受……的伤害 例：If an earthquake happens, we should stay calm, and quickly find shelter to protect ourselves from falling objects. 5 flood waters指洪水中实际覆盖地面的水体 例：We should go to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through flood waters. Part3 核心句式 1 When it comes to earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe? 说到地震，人们为了保证安全应该怎么做？ (1)分析结构：此句是含时间状语从句的特殊疑问句，结构为“时间状语从句(When it comes to + 名词/动名词)，特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词what + 情态动词+ 主语+ 谓语+ 其他)？”。 (2)When it comes to ... 是固定句型，意为“当提到……时；说到……时”，用于引出话题，后接名词、代词或动名词(v.-ing)。类似表达：talking of ...(谈到……)、speaking of ...(说起……)。 例：When it comes to math, how do you solve difficult problems? 说到数学，你如何解决难题？ When it comes to reading, she always shares interesting books with classmates. 说到阅读，她总是和同学们分享有趣的书籍。 2 So it is important to be prepared and know how to protect yourself. 所以做好准备并知道如何保护自己很重要。 (1)分析结构：此句是“It is + 形容词+ to do sth.”固定句型，其中it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语(to be prepared and know ...)。并列不定式to be prepared 和(to) know how to protect yourself 由and 连接，共同作真正主语。(to) know how to protect yourself 中how to protect yourself 作know 的宾语。 (2)It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型中常用形容词： 表“必要性”：necessary, important, essential 表“难易度”：easy, difficult, hard, challenging 表“情感态度”：interesting, boring, exciting, tiring “疑问词 + 不定式”相当于名词，可作主语、宾语和表语。 常见疑问词：how, what, when, where, which。 例：It is necessary to learn first aid skills in daily life.日常生活中学习急救技能很有必要。 It is important to check the safety exits and know how to use a fire extinguisher. 检查安全出口并知道如何使用灭火器很重要。 3 If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. 长难句分析：这是一个复合句。If you are inside when the earthquake starts 是If 引导的条件状语从句，其中 when the earthquake starts 是时间状语从句。get under a table or a bed 是主句，使用祈使句形式(省略主语you)，get 是谓语动词，under a table or a bed是介词短语作地点状语。 4 If there is a wildfire nearby, we should do what authorities advise and get away if necessary. 长难句分析：该句为复合句。If there is a wildfire nearby为条件状语从句；主句中，we是主语，should do和(should) get away为并列谓语，由and连接；what authorities advise作do的宾语；if necessary为省略的条件状语从句，完整形式为if it is necessary，补充说明get away的前提条件。 5 For typhoons, we should stay indoors, away from windows and from any dangerous objects outside. 长难句分析：该句为简单句。For typhoons为介词短语作状语；主语是we；谓语是should stay；indoors为地点副词作状语；并列短语away from windows和(away) from any dangerous objects outside作状语，用于补充说明stay的状态要求，其中outside是副词，在句中是后置定语，修饰dangerous objects。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $