内容正文:
第一部分
语法专题训练
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专题二 代词
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知识导图
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考情归纳
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考点诊断
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考点梳理
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课堂小测
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专题二 代词
知识导图
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考点 中考(广东卷)近5年考点统计
1.人称代词 2021、2022、2023、2024
2.物主代词 2020、2022、2023
3.反身代词 —
4.不定代词 —
5.疑问代词 2020、2021
6.指示代词 —
专题二 代词
考情归纳
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进入中考代词考点学习前,我们先来进行该考点的自我诊断吧。请阅读
以下五个句子,并在句中将所有的代词用下划线标示出来。
1. My mother finds it great fun to learn to drive a car.
2. Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.
3. The girl couldn't believe her eyes when she saw herself in the
mirror.
专题二 代词
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4. My son usually does his homework after dinner.
5. Liu Ying lives with her grandparents in the countryside because both
of her parents work in the city.
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1.代词(Pronoun)的定义:是指代名词、数词、上下文词句的一种词类。
2.代词的作用:表达简洁,避免重复。
3.代词的分类:
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人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 变化形式表
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第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
单数 it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
续表
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人称代词:代替人或事物
用法 例子
1.主格用作主语 She is stronger than me. 她比我强
壮。
2.宾格用作宾语(位于动词或
介词后) Miss Li often helps him with his
English.
李老师经常帮助他学英语。
Jane's parents are waiting for her. 简
的父母正在等她。
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用法 例子
3.人称代词放在比较句than或as
后,可以用主格,也可用宾格 He is taller than me/I. 他比我高。
4.多个人称出现的排列顺序:
单数231:you,he and I
复数123:we,you and they You, he and I are working at that
company.
你、他和我都在那家公司工作。
续表
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单项选择。
1. —Andy, who are the girls over there?
—________ are my sisters, Lily and Lucy. (2024·广西)( )
A
A. They B. We C. You D. Them
2. ________ is going to the shop with ________.( )
A
A. She; me B. Her; me C. She; I D. Her; I
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3. Using AI tools in the right way can help ________ to work
better.(2024·福建)( )
B
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
4. My friends and I like sports. ________ often play basketball together
after school. (2024·北京)( )
A
A. We B. I C. They D. You
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物主代词:表示所属关系
用法 例子
1.形容词性物主代词放在名
词前,起修饰作用,表示
“某人的”,不可以单独使用 My car is broken. 我的车坏了。
2.名词性物主代词相当于名
词,在句中作主语、表语、
宾语,后面不能跟名词 Your classroom is very big, but ours is
rather small. 你的教室很大,但我们的相
当小。
I ride my bike,and he rides his.
我骑我的车,他骑他的车。
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用法 例子
3.“of+名词性物主代词”称为
双重所有格,作定语时放在
名词后 A friend of mine came to see me
yesterday.
我的一个朋友昨天来看我。
续表
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用适当的物主代词填空,每空一词。
1. One of the actresses made up ____ mind to raise money for the
homeless people.
2. This is my good friend Tom. _____ last name is Read.
3. That is my bike. That bike is ______.
4. —Whose dog is this?—It's Kate's. It's _____.
her
His
mine
hers
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指示代词:起指示作用,在句子中相当于形容词
用法 例子
1.指较近距离的人或事物用this,
these。this有时用于指代下文出
现的人、事、物等 This is my friend.
这是我的朋友。
2.指较远距离的人或事物用that,
those。that有时用来代替前面出
现过的抽象名词或不可数名词;
those用来代替前面出现过的复数
名词 That girl is my cousin.那个女孩是我
的堂姐。
The factories in Shanghai are more
beautiful than those in Guangzhou.
上海的工厂比广州的工厂更漂亮。
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单项选择。
1. —Do you like ________ books on my desk, Betty?
—Yes, but I don't like those books on the floor.( )
C
A. this B. that C. these D. /
2. We all know that the days in summer are longer than ________ in
winter.( )
B
A. that B. those C. this D. these
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3. —The weather in Binzhou is much colder than ________ in Hainan
in winter.
—It really is.(2023·山东)( )
C
A. it B. those C. that D. them
4. I had a fever. ________ why I didn't come.( )
B
A. This was B. That's C. It's D. There are
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反身代词:表示谓语动词的动作返回到动作者本身,起强
调或对比作用
构成和用法 例子
1.第一人称和第二人称的反身
代词由“形容词性物主代词
+self/selves”构成,第三人称
的反身代词由“宾格代词
+self/selves”构成。在句中作
动宾、介宾或加强语气 We must look after ourselves.我们必须
照顾自己。
He can do it by himself.他能自己完
成。
I did my homework myself.=I myself
did my homework.
我自己做完作业。
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构成和用法 例子
2.含有反身代词的固定搭配:
all by oneself=alone(独自一人) enjoy oneself(玩得开心)
help oneself to(随便吃) teach oneself=learn … by oneself(自学)
hurt oneself(伤到某人自己) say to oneself(自言自语)
续表
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单项选择。
1. When ________ parents went away on business, I looked after
________.(2024·天津)( )
A. my; myself B. my; mine C. me; myself D. me; mine
2. —Jim, who taught your sister and brother to play the piano?
—Nobody. They learned it all by ________.(2022·赣州)( )
D
A. myself B. herself C. himself D. themselves
A
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3. Helen enjoyed ________ at the party because her friends were
there.(2022·达州)( )
B
A. her B. herself C. you D. yourself
4. How time flies! My little son can dress ________ without the help
of others now.(2023·呼和浩特)( )
C
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
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不定代词:代替或修饰任何不定数量及一定范围的人或事物
辨析 例子
复合不定代
词:
1.everything,
something,
anything,
nothing something,
somebody,someone
一般用于肯定句,用
于疑问句时表示说话
者希望得到肯定回答
或表示请求、建议 I have something important to
tell you.
我有一些重要的事情告诉你。
Would you like something to
drink?
你想喝点什么吗?
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辨析 例子
2.somebody,
someone,
anybody,
anyone,
everybody,
everyone,
nobody,
no one anything,anybody,
anyone用于疑问句和否
定句,如果用在肯定
句中,则表示“任
何……” I didn't know anything about
it.
=I knew nothing about it.
我对这些事一无所知。
Anybody can make mistakes.
任何人都会犯错误。
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辨析 例子
2.somebody,
someone,
anybody,
anyone,
everybody,
everyone,
nobody,
no one 当形容词修饰不定代
词时,形容词要放在
不定代词之后
(即形容词后置) This time I want to do
something different.
这次我想做一些与众不同的事
情。
Do you have anything
important to say?
你有什么重要的事情要说吗?
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辨析 例子
no one,
none,
nothing ①no one只能指人,
不能与of连用,谓语动
词用单数形式
②no one一般用来回
答who,以及含
anyone,anybody的疑问
句 —Who is in the room? —No
one.
谁在房间? 没有人。
—Is there anyone in the
classroom?
教室里有人吗?
—No one.
没有人。
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辨析 例子
no one,
none,
nothing ①none可与of连用,可
指人也可指物,谓语
动词用单数形式或复
数形式都可以
②none暗示一种数
量,一般用来回答how
many None of us has/have been to
America.
我们中没有一个人去过美国。
—How many books are there
in the box?
盒子里有多少本书?
—None.
一本都没有。
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辨析 例子
no one,
none,
nothing ①nothing指物,谓语
动词用单数形式
②nothing一般用来回
答含anything的一般疑
问句以及what引导的
特殊疑问句 —What is in the bag?
包里有什么?
—Nothing.
什么都没有。
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辨析 例子
no one,
none,
nothing ①nothing指物,谓语
动词用单数形式
②nothing一般用来回
答含anything的一般疑
问句以及what引导的
特殊疑问句 —Can you see anything in the
sky?
你能看到天空中有什么东西
吗?
—No. Nothing.
不能。什么都看不到。
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辨析 例子
all, both all用于三者或以上,可
代替人,也可代替物,
谓语动词用复数形式 All are here.
所有人都在这儿。
both用于两者,谓语动
词用复数形式 Both of us are teachers.
我们两个都是老师。
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辨析 例子
none, neither none用于三者或以上,
意为“一个也没有”,可
代替人或物,谓语动词
用单数、复数形式都
可以 None of us knows about the
cause of the accident.
我们都不知道这次事故的原
因。
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辨析 例子
none, neither neither用于两者,意为
“两者都不”,谓语动词
用单数形式。
neither … nor表示“既
不……也不”
(连接两主语时,谓
语动词遵循“就近原
则”) Neither of them is interested
in Japanese.
他们俩都对日语不感兴趣。
Neither the students nor she
has come.
学生和她都没来。
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辨析 例子
any, either any用于三者或三者以
上的任何一个 Any of them knows about the
accident.
他们中任何一个人都了解这起
事故。
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辨析 例子
any, either either表示“两者之一,
两者任一”。either …
or表示“或者……或者”
(连接两主语时,谓
语动词遵循“就近原
则”) You may come on Sunday or
Monday. Either day is OK.
你可以周日或周一来。任何一
天都可以。
Either you or he is right.
你或他是对的。
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辨析 例子
other,
others,
the other,
the others,
another other+名词复数 Other students will stay at
school.
其他的学生都会留校。
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辨析 例子
other,
others,
the other,
the others,
another others用于泛指,表示别
的人或物。some …
others … 表示“一
些……另一些……” Some students study harder
than others.
一些学生比其他学生更努力学
习。
Some are taking photos.
Others are lying on the beach.
一些人在拍照。另一些人躺在
沙滩上。
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辨析 例子
other,
others,
the other,
the others,
another the other指已知的两个
人或物的另一个 He has two sons. One is a
doctor and the other is an
engineer.他有两个儿子。一个
是医生,另外一个是工程师。
续表
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辨析 例子
other,
others,
the other,
the others,
another the others=the other+
名词复数特指某一范
围内的其他人或物 Here are four books. One is
for May and the others are
for Lily.
这儿有四本书。一本给梅,剩下
的都给莉莉。
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辨析 例子
other,
others,
the other,
the others,
another another+名词单数,意为
“再一个;又一个” This is too short. Could you
give me another shirt?
这太短了。你能给我另外一件
衬衫吗?
续表
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辨析 例子
every, each every是形容词
(三者以上每一个),
不能单独使用,不可
与of搭配 Every student has his own
hobby.
每个学生都有自己的爱好。
each是代词(两者或两
者以上每一个),可单
独使用,也可与of搭配 There are many trees on each
side of the road.
在路的每一边有很多树木。
Each of the students has a
watch.每个学生都有一只手表。
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辨析 例子
few,a few,
little,a little few和a few修饰可数
名词,a few 用于表示
肯定的意思,意为“一
些”,few用于表示否
定的意思,意为“几乎
没有” I have a few friends in
America.
我在美国有一些朋友。
Lucy is new here,so she has
few friends.
露西初来乍到,所以她几乎没有
朋友。
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辨析 例子
few,a few,
little,a little little和a little修饰不可
数名词,a little 用于
表示肯定的意思,意
为“一些;一点”, little
用于表示否定的意
思,意为“几乎没有” He wants to borrow a little
money.
他想借一些钱。
There is little water in the
bottle. Would you bring some?
瓶子里几乎没水了。你能带一
些来吗?
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辨析 例子
much, many much+不可数名词 It's unhealthy for you if you
eat too much meat.
如果你吃太多肉,对你来说是不
健康的。
many+可数名词复数 There are many vegetables in
the fridge.
冰箱里有很多蔬菜。
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单项选择。
1. —Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Dazhou last
month?
—Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents.
(2024·达州)( )
A
A. anything special B. special anything
C. something special D. special something
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2. —Would you like to go hiking or go surfing this weekend?
—________ is OK, as long as we can go out and enjoy the beauty of
nature.(2023·淮安)( )
C
A. Neither B. Both C. Either D. All
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3. Each of us has ________ life goals. They will guide us to a bright
future.( )
C
A. a little B. few C. a few D. little
4. After a while, they saw several cars coming down the clean and
tidy road one after ________.(2023·上海)( )
D
A. the other B. other C. others D. another
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关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose
用法 例子
用于引导定语从
句的词,连接主
句和从句,在句
中充当句子成分 The man who helps us with our English is from
Canada.
帮助我们学英语的那个男人来自加拿大。
I like music that I can sing along with.
我喜欢可以跟着哼唱的音乐。
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用适当的关系代词填空,每空一词。
1. Do you know the people _________ are waiting at the bus stop?
2. There are many works of art in the museum __________ we will
visit tomorrow.(2023·黄山改编)
3. Mary likes the people and things _____ interest her.
4. I love singers _____ write their own music.
who/that
that/which
that
who
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疑问代词的用法
用法 例子
what(指物),常泛
指“哪一类” What is your mother like?
你妈妈长什么样子?
which
(指人或物),可单
独使用,也可修饰名
词 Which mobile phone do you like best?
你最喜欢哪一部手机?
Which do you prefer, pop music or country
music?
你更喜欢哪一种,流行音乐还是乡村音乐?
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用法 例子
who(m)(指人), who在句中作主语、表
语或宾语;whom只能作动词或介词的宾语 Who(m) will you go
with?
你将要跟谁去?
whose(指人), 意为“谁的”,可作代词,也
可作形容词,作形容词时放在名词前 Whose book is
this?=Whose is this
book?
这本书是谁的?
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用适当的疑问代词填空,每空一词。
1. _______ father took part in the charity activities in the neighborhood
yesterday?
2. The expressions they use might depend on _______ they are
speaking to.
3. ______ teaches you English?
4. _______ floor do your grandparents live on?
Whose
whom
Who
Which
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it的用法
用法 例子
*it指代前面提到过的事
物,指原物。one用以
代替已经提过的泛指单
数的可数名词,但one
和已提过的名词不是同
一物 My father bought a computer and gave it to
me as a present.
爸爸买了一台电脑给我作为礼物。
I lost my umbrella and I must buy one.
我丢了雨伞,所以必须去买一把。
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用法 例子
指代婴儿或不明身份、
性别的人 Someone is knocking at the door. Who might
it be?
有人在敲门。会是谁呢?
表示天气、时间和距离 It is sunny today.今天天气晴朗。
It is about 20 minutes' walk from my home
to school.
从我家到学校大约要20分钟的路程。
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用法 例子
*it作形式主语
或形式宾语,真
正的主语或宾
语是后面的动
词不定式短
语、动词的-ing
形式或that从句 It is easy to have a healthy lifestyle,and it's important
to eat a balanced diet.
拥有健康的生活方式很简单,饮食均衡也很重要。
It takes me about 25 minutes to walk to school.
我花了25分钟步行到学校。
Jim can understand most of the lessons. He finds it
easy to study.吉姆能够弄懂大部分课程。他发现学习很
简单。
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单项选择。
1. Vicky finds ________ important for people to have a balanced diet
every day.( )
A
A. it B. one C. this D. that
2. ________ is clear that smoking is bad for our breath.( )
C
A. Its B. This C. It D. That
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3. —Who is singing in the next room?
—________ must be Mary.(2023·福建)( )
C
A. She B. This C. It D. He
4. My family have made ________ a habit to go out for a walk
around Yandu Park.(2023·江苏)( )
B
A. this B. it C. that D. one
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1.否定句中all表部分否定,none表全部否定。
eg.All of us don't know about the accident. 并非我们所有人都了解这起
事故。
None of us knows about the accident. 我们都不了解这起事故。
2.his和its既可以作形容词性物主代词,又可以作名词性物主代词。
eg.My computer is new but his is old. 我的电脑是新的,但他的电脑是
旧的。
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3.this在电话中代表自己,that则代表对方。
eg.Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 你好!我是玛丽。你是
杰克吗?
4.相互代词是指表示相互的代词,相互代词有each other和one another
两种形式,两者都意为“互相”,可换用。
eg.We should learn from each other/one another. 我们应该互相学习。
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单项选择。
1. —Is there ________ you'd like to share with us about this kind of
disease?
—Yes, we feel ________ to see that it can be cured(治愈).( )
B
A. something else; lucky enough B. anything else; lucky enough
C. else anything; enough lucky D. else something; enough lucky
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2. I tried several jackets on, but not ________ of them fit me
well.( )
A. none B. neither C. both D. all
D
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3. —I tried many ways to work out the maths problem, but ________
of them worked.
—Never give up. I believe you'll make it.( )
B
A. all B. none C. either D. each
4. —What else do you need?
—________ else. I think I have got everything ready.( )
A
A. Nothing B. Anything C. Everything D. Something
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★中考高频代词相关短语
1 do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力
2 keep one's word 信守诺言
3 make up one's mind 下定决心
4 in one's opinion 在某人看来
5 on one's own 独自
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6 to one's surprise 使某人惊讶的是
7 save one's life 挽救某人的生命
8 take one's time 慢慢来
9 take one's temperature 量体温
10 by oneself 独自
续表
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11 enjoy oneself 玩得开心
12 help oneself to 随便吃
13 say/talk to oneself 自言自语
14 dress oneself 穿衣服
15 lose oneself 迷路
续表
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16 teach oneself=learn … by oneself 自学
17 make someone feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归
18 on the one hand … on the other hand 一方面……另一方面
19 have something/nothing to do with 与……有关系/没关系
20 have something in common 有共同点
续表
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根据汉语意思完成句子,注意语法正确,意思完整,词数不限。
1. 去年我已下定决心为我的目标奋斗。
I __________________ to fight for my dream last year.
made up my mind
2. 他已经到了独自去溜冰的年龄。
He is old enough to go skating _____________________.
on his own/by himself
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3. 我的朋友叫我随便吃点零食。
My friend asked me to ______________ some snacks.
help myself to
4. 面对困难时,她总是对她自己说:“我可以。”
In the face of difficulty, she always __________________,“I can do
it.”
says/talks to herself
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小语篇训练。
Last year, we took a trip to New York City. When . .1. . arrived at
our hotel, it was around 2 a.m. My son Tom looked out at the lights
of Times Square and said . .2. . wanted to go outside. I told him . .3. .
was too late to go out,but he kept looking out of the window and
said, “Just for two minutes.”
1. ( ) A. we B. ours C. us
A
2. ( ) A. him B. he C. his
B
3. ( ) A. its B. it C. it's
B
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My wife and I just looked at each other, smiled and said,
“Two minutes.” We got dressed and walked into the center of Times
Square. When we got there, . .4. . son pointed at the lights and said,
“Dad, look!” Soon he kept his promise and we went back to the
hotel.
4. ( ) A. mine B. I C. my
C
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It took . .5. . 20 minutes to get ready for the 20 seconds we spent
outside, but it made our son happy and that meant a lot to us. That
night, I learned a lesson about happiness. We sometimes have chances
to create happy moments in . .6. . lives, but we often find an excuse to
do . .7. . else.
5. ( ) A. we B. us C. our
B
6. ( ) A. our B. ours C. we
A
7. ( ) A. anything B. something C. nothing
B
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Because of my son, I learned that I am the biggest enemy to my
own happiness. Although happiness is a door that is always open, we
are the ones . .8. . have to decide if we are going to walk through the
door.
8. ( ) A. who B. whose C. which
A
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一、语法选择。(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)(2024·江
门模拟)
Komori is a 13-year-old girl from Japan. She made . .1. . big
discovery about a lost animal from her country. Komori loves animals.
But of all the animals, she loves extinct(灭绝的) ones . .2. ., especially
the Japanese wolf.
1. ( ) A. a B. an C. the
A
2. ( ) A. good B. better C. best
C
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This animal . .3. . out more than a hundred years ago. She read many books about it. . .4. . she was 10, Komori visited the National Museum of Nature and Science with her father.
During her visit, Komori saw a specimen(标本). She said
to . .5. . father, “Look! Dad, it's a wolf.” She then went to the tour
guide and asked . .6. . the specimen was a Japanese wolf. “I don't know,”
said the tour guide.
3. ( ) A. die B. is dying C. died
C
4. ( ) A. When B. Because C. Since
A
5. ( ) A. she B. her C. hers
B
6. ( ) A. that B. who C. if
C
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After that, Komori and two researchers began to look into where
the specimen came from. At last, they got to know something about
it. . .7. . 1888, two Japanese wolves arrived at Ueno Zoo from Japan.
They thought the specimen might be one of them. Finally, thespecimen .
.8. . out by Komori from a room. “Komori has a real talent for noticing things,” one of the . .9. . said. “ . .10. . clever the girl is! We all admire her.”
7. ( ) A. On B. In C. At
B
8. ( ) A. was picked B. picked C. is picked
A
9. ( ) A. researcher B. researchers C. research
B
10. ( ) A. What a B. What C. How
C
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重点知识积累(英汉互译):
1. 灭亡________
2. look into______
3. 选出;认出来______________
4. have a talent for______________
die out
调查
pick sb./sth.out
对……有天赋
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二、短文填空。(共10小题,每小题1.5分,共15分)
(2024·江门模拟)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空,使文章完整连贯。
注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
as beauty help endangered they in time thousand try spend
on take
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Xie Jianguo is a photographer who is proud of taking photos of
animals in the natural world. He believes that his photos are
11._______ in protecting the wildlife. He has traveled to many places
around the world. Xie has even visited the Arctic and the Antarctic
(北极和南极) more than thirty 12.______! He experienced the great
power of nature.
helpful
times
as beauty help endangered they in time thousand try spend
on take
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Since 2012, Xie has 13.______ most of his time in taking photos
of the wildlife in our country. He took photos of the cute pandas in
Sichuan and other 14.___________ animals. He has visited nearly 100
wildlife protection areas, such 15.___ Qilian Mountain and
Xishuangbanna.
spent
endangered
as
as beauty help endangered they in time thousand try spend
on take
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When Xie takes photos, he respects(尊重) and protects the wild animals he meets. He always 16._____ to film the animals face to face and shows the animals in a natural way, without troubling them.
tries
as beauty help endangered they in time thousand try spend
on take
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17.___ 2016, Xie started the “Nature Image China” project with
his partners. 18.______ main work is to record and protect the natural
19._______ of China and share it with the world. They have organized
over one hundred photography exhibitions, showing about seven
20._________ amazing photos. How wonderful!
In
Their
beauty
thousand
as beauty help endangered they in time thousand try spend
on take
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重点知识积累(英汉互译):
1. 为……感到骄傲____________
2. take photos of sb./sth. __________________
3. such as______
4. 与某人分享某物_________________
be proud of
拍某人/某物的照片
例如
share sth.with sb.
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83
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