内容正文:
高考七项选五项解题策略
高考七选五,是考查学生语篇逻辑与篇章结构的核心题型。结合三年高考真题、模拟题研究、课堂实践与学生错题复盘,我将“通读结构、圈画标记、选项归类、词汇对应、代入验证、由易到难”等方法系统整合为一套可直接落地的解题策略。全文不讲空话,只讲可操作、能提分的实战步骤,助力学生快速理清逻辑、精准定位、稳定拿分。
一、纵览全文,确定文本结构:
常见的文本结构有以下三种:
1) 总分总:先总起概括,再分述展开,最后总结。
2) 总分:先总述,再分述。
3) 分总:先分述内容,最后总结。
在七项选五项题型中一般常见的格式是“总分总”和“总分”这两种。
· 总分总结构以《金牌考卷》英语模拟试卷(二)中的七项选五项题为例。
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Although people value intelligence—understanding, reasoning, the ability to learn—they also respect wisdom, or the knowledge and experience that we gain over a lifetime. In some ways, wisdom is like beauty: we value it, we desire it, and we know it when we see it. However, it is nearly impossible to define such a quality. 36. .
1. Work at being social.
Studies show that people who stay connected to others show higher levels of wisdom than those who remain alone. 37. Next time you’re at a party or gathering, single out someone who’s standing alone and strike up a conversation.
2. Practice being open-minded.
Wisdom involves understanding an issue without letting emotions get in the way.38.
During the course of every day, make a note of the issues that bother you, and take a moment to see them from the other side.
3. Learn how to say "I could be wrong”.
A wise person understands that it is impossible to know everything and that life is capable of taking unexpected turns. 39. Admitting that there are times when you could be mistaken will go a long way in solidifying your fame.
4. Read the news.
40. If you don’t already read a daily paper or news online, start by going through a single front-page article from a major respected news source.
Almost everyone has the potential to become wiser, particularly if you strengthen these habits.
A. Recognizing your errors can lead only to greater wisdom.
B. But researchers have tried and here’s what they’ve found.
C. Sharing interesting news can always be a good start of a friendship.
D. Make an effort to join a new club, or invite an old friend for coffee.
E. You do not have to admit your mistakes if you are really unwilling to.
F. You cannot make balanced choices unless you understand world circumstances.
G. Opening your mind means realizing that there is a life story behind everyone’s actions.
在做七项选五项题型时应该先对文章进行整体感知。总览全文,可以得到以下信息:1. 这是一篇说明文;2. 这篇文章从“努力变得善于社交”,“练习保持思想开明”,“学会说‘我可能是错的’”,“看新闻”这四个方面来介绍如何养成好的习惯,使自己成为一个有智慧的人。文章的整体结构示意图如下:
Para 1
1
4
3
2
Para 6
· 总分结构以《金牌考卷》英语模拟试卷(一)中的七项选五项题为例。题目整体如下:
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why do people travel? There are many reasons one can think of when asked questions like this.
To travel far enough to meet yourself
Sometimes you find yourself in the middle of nowhere. 36. . You find out your abilities. When you are offered a different lifestyle, you can find out what you are made of. The farther you go from your home, the nearer you come to your true self.
37.
If you look back at all the amazing memories of your life, you will realize that most of them were out of your comfort zone. Travelling is dangerous, full of life threatening possibilities, but at the same time, it gives irreplaceable memories.
To slow down and relax
A wise man once said that never get so busy making a living that you forget to make a life. Money is worth nothing if you cannot spend it on a little adventure. While we are deeply involved in making money, we forget that time is going through our fingers. 38. . The feeling go being away from your workplace is pure happiness. The feeling of not having to worry about the never-ending piles of files is pure joy. 39. .
To celebrate life
Life is short and the world is wide. One day you might wake up and realized that you don’t have time to do everything that you have always wanted to do, anymore. Once in a while, make time to appreciate the fact that you are alive, young, free and healthy. 40. .
A. To become a storyteller
B. Travelling lets you discover yourself
C. To break through your comfort zone
D. So, go travelling to celebrate life itself
E. You can relate to the world and connect to others
F. And the feeling of being away from your boss for a few days in pure pleasure
G. Escape life for a little while because experience is far more valuable than money
首先,对文章进行整体感知。总览全文,可以得到以下信息:1. 这是一篇说明文;2. 这篇文章第一段共有两句话:第一句引出话题——人们为什么去旅游?第二句引出下文,对“人们为什么去旅游”这个问题给出了回应。文章的整体结构示意图如下:
Para 1
Para 3
Para 5
Para 4
Para 2
二、圈语篇标记语: ①选项前后
②选项中
①代词
②表示转折关系 i)连词 but 但是(表示转折的并列连词)
although尽管(表示转折)
though
while
ii)副词 however语篇标记语
然而
yet表示转折
still 仍然
iii)介词短语 in spite of不管,不顾→表示转折
regardless of
③表示因果关系 hence 因此
as a result,结果
as a consequence,
④逻辑顺序词 i)表示时间先后关系 before 在…以前
after 在…后
ii)表示递进关系 also 也,还
besides 除…之外(还)
iii)表示顺序关系 firstly 首先
then 然后
next 紧接着
在以上两篇文章中,在《英语模拟试卷(一)》的选项D中可以找到一个语篇标记语。
D. So, go travelling to celebrate life itself
这是一个表因果关系的连词,推测可能与选项上文有关联。
在《英语模拟试卷(二)》的选项B中可以找到一个语篇标记语。
B. But researchers have tried and here’s what they’ve found.
这是一个表转折的并列连词,推测可能与选项上文有关联。
三、副标题特征+圈关键词
先分析《英语模拟试卷(一)》中副标题的特征,并圈出其中的关键词,下面是提取自《英语模拟试卷(一)》中的四个副标题:
①To travel far enough to meet yourself
③To slow down and relax
②37.
④To celebrate life
· 第一步:观察副标题特征。可以很清晰地看到除第37题外给出的三个副标题都使用了“to do 不定式”的格式,结合选项可知,使用“to do 不定式”格式的只有A项和C项,所以第37题的答案应在A项和C项中选择。
· 第二步:圈出副标题中的核心关键词。
①To travel far enough to meet yourself
③To slow down and relax
②37.
④To celebrate life
接下来,分析《英语模拟试卷(二)》中副标题的特征,并圈出其中的关键词,下面是提取自《英语模拟试卷(二)》中的四个副标题:
1. Work at being social.
3. Learn how to say “I could be wrong”.
2. Practice being open-minded.
4. Read the news.
· 第一步:观察副标题特征。这是四个以动词原形开头的祈使句。
· 第二步:圈出副标题中的核心关键词。
1. Work at being social.
3. Learn how to say “I could be wrong”.
2. Practice being open-minded.
4. Read the news.
四、选项的位置
承上启下句
与下文有关
先分析《英语模拟试卷(一)》:
· 第36、38题出现在段中,推测可能与上文有关或与下文有关或是承上启下句。
· 第39、40题出现在段尾,推测可能与上文有关或是段落的总结句。
接下来分析《英语模拟试卷(二)》:
· 第36题出现在段尾,推测可能与上文有关;也可能是段落的主题句。
· 第37、38、39题出现在段中,推测可能与上文有关或与下文有关或是承上启下句。
· 第40题出现在段首,推测可能与下文有关或是段落主旨句。
※五、词汇对应法
《英语模拟试卷(一)》:
· 同义表达:第四段第五句话中“being away (离开)”与选项G中“Escape (逃脱)”是同义表达。
《英语模拟试卷(二)》:
· 同义表达:
1) 第二个副标题中“open-minded (思想开明的)”与选项G中“Opening your mind (开阔你的思维)”是同义表达
2) 第三个副标题中“wrong”;选项A中“error”;选项E中“mistakes”都表达“错误”的意思
· 上下义表达:第一个副标题中“social (社交)”与选项D“Make an effort to join a new club, or invite an old friend for coffee”提到的两种活动是包含与被包含的关系。
六、代入法:
顾名思义,代入法就是将选项代入到原文当中,若选项能与上文、下文、或上下文均形成衔接,则该选项为正确项。
《英语模拟试卷(二)》:
第40题:第四个副标题与C项中含有“news”,但C项是陷阱选项,C项与文章第五段无关联,文章第五段侧重于第二句话中的“read”一词。排除项后将E项与F项使用代入法分别代入第五段中,只有F项符合语意,故选F项。
七、选项归类法
在做七项选五项题型时,可将选项按其与文章中提到的人物、事物间的关系进行分类。
《英语模拟试卷(一)》:
第四个副标题的核心关键词是“celebrate life”,选项A和选项G中均提到了“life”一词,故第40题可能选择A项或G项。
《英语模拟试卷(二)》:
1) 第36题应填一个主题句且起到转折作用,故第36题应选B项。
2) 第三个副标题、选项A、选项E中均含有“错误”一词的英文表达。故第39题可能选择A项或E项。
3) 第四个副标题与选项C中均含有“news”一词。故第40题可能选择C项。
八、由易到难“3+2”(“3”指题出现在段尾、副标题和含语篇标记语的句子中)
· 《英语模拟试卷(一)》:
易3题:37、40、39
·第37题:“out of”意为“离开”;“break through”意为“冲破,突破”。结合语意,第三段中提到“离开舒适圈(comfort zone)”;选项C中提到“冲破舒适圈”,此为同义表达,故第37题应选C项。
·第40题:第四个副标题“To celebrate life (庆祝生命)”,选项G“Escape life for a little time (暂时逃离生活)”,语意不符,不能选择G项。第40题位于段尾,D项“So”是表示因果关系的连词,能够起到总结的作用,故应选择D项。
·第39题:第39题前两句都使用了“The feeling of…”的句式,选项F使用了“And the feeling of…”的句式,与上文发生了关联,起到了并列递进的作用。
难2题:38、36
·第38题:第38题与下文有关联,“being away”与“Escape”是同义表达,故第38题应选G项
·第36题:结合上文“Sometimes you find yourself in the middle of nowhere.”(有时你会发现自己没有存在感);结合下文“You find out your abilities.”(你发现自己的能力)。选项上下文的语意发生了转变,因此,第36题应填一个承上启下的句子。从“没有存在感”到“发现自己的能力”应是做出了某种行为而导致发生了转变,所以此处应选择B项。
· 《英语模拟试卷(二)》:
易3题:38、39、36
·第38题:第二个副标题中“open-minded (思想开明的)”与选项G中“Opening your mind (开阔你的思维)”是同义表达,故第38题应选G项。
·第39题:第三个副标题、选项A、选项E中均含有“错误”一词的英文表达,故第39题可能选择A项或E项。但结合上下文语意,E项与本段无关,故选择A项。
·第36题:第36题位于首段的段尾,是段落的主旨句,结合语意,此题应选B项。
难2题:37、40
·第37题:第一个副标题中“social (社交)”与选项D“Make an effort to join a new club, or invite an old friend for coffee”提到的两种活动是包含与被包含的关系,这两种做法都是社交的具体体现,所以第37题选择D项。
·第40题:第四个副标题与C项中含有“news”,但C项是陷阱选项,C项与文章第五段无关联,文章第五段侧重于第二句话中的“read”一词。排除项后将E项与F项使用代入法分别代入第五段中,只有F项符合语意,故选F项。
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