Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 核心词汇用法整理及巩固练习-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

必修三 Unit4 核心词汇用法整理及巩固练习 (Welcome to the unit~Grammar and usage) 1.republic n. 共和国，共和政体 ◆词汇拓展： republican adj. 共和国的；共和主义的 n. 共和党人 ◆常用搭配： the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国；republican ideas 共和思想 ◆语法填空： The People's ______(republic) of China is a great country. Many ______(republic) believe in the system of the country. 答案：Republic; republicans 2.deadly adj. 致命的；十足的，彻底的 ◆词汇拓展： dead adj. 死的；death n. 死亡；die v. 死亡（died, died, dying） ◆常用搭配： deadly poison 剧毒；deadly enemy 死敌；die out 灭绝；death rate 死亡率 ◆语法填空： This is a ______(dead) virus. Many animals ______(die) from it so far, and their ______(die) has worried scientists. 答案：deadly; have died; deaths 3.survival n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 ◆词汇拓展： survive v. 生存；幸存；survivor n. 幸存者 ◆常用搭配： survival of the fittest 适者生存；survival skills 生存技能 survive from 从…… 存活下来；a survivor of the accident 事故幸存者 ◆语法填空： The ______(survive) of plants depends on water. Few creatures ______(survive) the big flood, and the ______(survive) were saved in time. 答案：survival; survived; survivors 4.province n. 省，省份 ◆词汇拓展： provincial adj. 省的；地方的；狭隘的 ◆常用搭配： coastal province 沿海省份 provincial government 省政府 ◆语法填空： This ______(province) lies in the south. Its ______(province) culture is famous all over the country. 答案：province; provincial 5.broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开阔的 ◆词汇拓展： broadly adv. 广泛地；大体上；broaden v. 拓宽；扩大 ◆常用搭配： broad shoulders 宽阔的肩膀；broad knowledge 广博的知识 broaden one's horizons 开阔眼界；broadly speaking 大体而言 ◆语法填空： The river is very ______(broad). Travel can ______(broad) our mind, and ______(broad), it improves our life. 答案：broad; broaden; broadly 6.intend vt. & vi. 想要，计划；意指 ◆词汇拓展： intention n. 意图，目的；intentional adj. 故意的；有意的 ◆常用搭配： intend to do sth 打算做某事；intend doing sth 意欲做某事 with the intention of 怀着…… 目的；intentional mistake 故意的错误 ◆语法填空： He ______(intend) to study medicine, but his original ______(intend) was changed by accident. It was not an ______(intend) choice. 答案：intended; intention; intentional 7.refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 ◆词汇拓展： reference n. 参考；提及；参考书 ◆常用搭配： refer to a dictionary 查字典；refer to sb 提及某人; for reference 以供参考；reference book 参考书 ◆语法填空： When you don’t know a word, you can ______(refer) to a dictionary. In ______(refer) materials, many words are clearly explained. 答案：refer; reference 8.experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 ◆词汇拓展： experimental adj. 实验的；试验性的 ◆常用搭配： do an experiment 做实验；experiment on animals 用动物做实验 experimental data 实验数据 ◆语法填空： Scientists ______(experiment) on new drugs now. The whole ______(experiment) is in its ______(experiment) stage. 答案：are experimenting; experiment; experimental 9.trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi. & vt. 测试，试验 ◆词汇拓展： try v. 尝试；审判（tried, tried） ◆常用搭配： clinical trial 临床试验；on trial 受审；试验中 try to do 努力做；try doing 尝试做 ◆语法填空： The new medicine is on ______(try). Researchers ______(try) their best to test it, and they have ______(try) many methods. 答案：trial; are trying; tried 10.limited adj. 有限的 ◆词汇拓展： limit v. 限制 n. 限制；限度；limitation n. 局限；限制条件 ◆常用搭配： limited time 有限的时间 limit...to... 把…… 限制在……；beyond limitation 无限制 ◆语法填空： Our natural resources are ______(limit). We must ______(limit) waste, and face our own ______(limit). 答案：limited; limit; limitations 11.container n. 容器；集装箱，货柜 ◆词汇拓展： contain v. 包含；容纳；控制 ◆常用搭配： shipping container 货运集装箱 contain water 盛有水；contain one's anger 克制怒火 ◆语法填空： This ______(contain) can ______(contain) much liquid. The food ______(contain) in it is fresh. 答案：container; contain; contained 12.postpone vt. 延迟，延期 ◆词汇拓展： postponement n. 延期，推迟 ◆常用搭配： postpone doing sth 推迟做某事 the postponement of the meeting 会议延期 ◆语法填空： They ______(postpone) the sports meeting because of rain. The ______(postpone) makes many students upset. 答案：postponed; postponement 13.sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 ◆词汇拓展： sufficiently adv. 足够地；充足地 ◆常用搭配： sufficient food 充足的食物 sufficiently clear 足够清晰 ◆语法填空： We have ______(sufficient) money. The plan is ______(sufficient) prepared to carry out. 答案：sufficient; sufficiently 14.speed up（使）加速 ◆词汇拓展： speed n. 速度 v. 加速（sped/sped） ◆常用搭配： speed up development 加快发展 at high speed 高速 ◆语法填空： We should ______(speed) up economic growth. The car ______(speed) past us just now at a high ______(speed). 答案：speed; sped; speed 15.pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的；还清（债务） ◆词汇拓展： pay v. 支付；偿还（paid, paid） ◆常用搭配： hard work pays off 努力终有回报 pay for 支付；偿还 ◆语法填空： His hard work finally ______(pay) off. He has also ______(pay) off all his debts. 答案：paid; paid 16.error n. 错误，差错 ◆词汇拓展： err v. 犯错；出错 ◆常用搭配： make an error 犯错；in error 错误地 固定短语：through trial and error 反复试验 ◆语法填空： He made many ______(err) in the test. No one ______(err) on purpose, and we learn by ______(try) and error. 答案：errors; errs; trying 17.wisdom n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 ◆词汇拓展： wise adj. 明智的；聪明的；wisely adv. 明智地 ◆常用搭配： life wisdom 人生智慧; a wise decision 明智的决定 ◆语法填空： Experience brings us ______(wise). It is ______(wise) to learn from mistakes and act ______(wise). 答案：wisdom; wise; wisely 18.beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的 ◆词汇拓展： benefit n. 益处；好处 v. 受益；有益于 ◆常用搭配： be beneficial to 对…… 有益 benefit from 从…… 受益；for the benefit of 为了…… 利益 ◆语法填空： Doing exercise is ______(benefit) to health. People can ______(benefit) a lot from sports, and get many ______(benefit). 答案：beneficial; benefit; benefits 19.conduct vt. & vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 ◆词汇拓展： conductor n. 指挥家；列车员；导体 ◆常用搭配： conduct an experiment 做实验；conduct research 开展研究 a bus conductor 公交售票员 ◆语法填空： The professor ______(conduct) a research project recently. The ______(conduct) of the experiment is smooth. 答案：has conducted; conduction 20.illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于 ◆词汇拓展： illustration n. 例证；插图；说明 ◆常用搭配： illustrate a point 阐明观点 in illustration of 作为…… 的例证 ◆语法填空： Examples ______(illustrate) the rule well. The ______(illustrate) in the book are very clear. 答案：illustrate; illustrations 21.bacteria n. (sing. bacterium) 细菌（复数） ◆词汇拓展： 单数原形：bacterium n. 细菌；bacterial adj. 细菌的 ◆常用搭配： harmful bacteria 有害细菌 bacterial infection 细菌感染 ◆语法填空： A large number of ______(bacteria) live in water. Each ______(bacteria) is tiny, and ______(bacteria) diseases need special medicine. 答案：bacteria; bacterium; bacterial 22.surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与… 紧密相关 ◆词汇拓展： surrounding adj. 周围的 n. 周围环境；surroundings n. 环境 ◆常用搭配： be surrounded by 被…… 包围 surrounding area 周边地区；beautiful surroundings 优美环境 ◆语法填空： Mountains ______(surround) the village. The ______(surround) scenery is amazing, and its ______(surround) are peaceful. 答案：surround; surrounding; surroundings 23.indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 ◆词汇拓展： indication n. 迹象；暗示；indicator n. 指标 ◆常用搭配： indicate the result 表明结果 an indication of success 成功的迹象 ◆语法填空： All signs ______(indicate) success. There is no clear ______(indicate) of danger around. 答案：indicate; indication 24.accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 ◆词汇拓展： accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的；accidentally adv. 意外地 ◆常用搭配： traffic accident 交通事故；by accident 偶然，意外地 accidental damage 意外损坏 ◆语法填空： He met an ______(accident) on the road. It was an ______(accidental) incident, and it happened ______(accident). 答案：accident; accidental; accidentally 25.intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 ◆词汇拓展： intelligence n. 智力；智慧；情报 ◆常用搭配： intelligent animal 聪明的动物 artificial intelligence 人工智能 ◆语法填空： Dolphins are very ______(intelligent) creatures. Their ______(intelligent) surprises many scientists. 答案：intelligent; intelligence 26.favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 ◆词汇拓展： favourite adj. 最喜欢的 n. 最爱；favourable adj. 有利的；赞许的 ◆常用搭配： do sb a favour 帮某人忙；in favour of 支持，赞同 favourite food 最爱食物；favourable condition 有利条件 ◆语法填空： She ______(favour) quiet music. It is her ______(favour) style, and the situation is ______(favour) to her. 答案：favours; favourite; favourable 27.politician n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 ◆词汇拓展： politics n. 政治；political adj. 政治的 ◆常用搭配： a famous politician 著名政治家 political rights 政治权利；study politics 研究政治 ◆语法填空： The ______(politics) takes part in ______(political) activities. He has deep understanding of ______(politics). 答案：politician; political; politics 28.lightning n. 闪电 ◆词汇拓展： light n. 光 v. 点亮；lighten v. 照亮；减轻 ◆常用搭配： lightning and thunder 雷电 light up 点亮；lighten the burden 减轻负担 ◆语法填空： ______(light) flashed in the sky. The strong ______(light) scared people, and clouds began to ______(light). 答案：Lightning; light; lighten 29.electricity n. 电，电能 ◆词汇拓展： electric adj. 电的，发电的；electrical adj. 与电有关的；electron n. 电子 ◆常用搭配： save electricity 节约用电 electric car 电动汽车；electrical engineer 电气工程师 ◆语法填空： We can’t live without ______(electric). ______(electric) tools need safe use of ______(electric) energy. 答案：electricity; Electric; electrical 第 1 页 共 13 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $