易错点02 非谓语动词（上海专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错点02 非谓语动词 易错点突破 01 不定式（to do）核心用法与易错点 举一反三 1．【答案】A 2．【答案】D 3．【答案】B 4．【答案】A 5．【答案】D 6．【答案】D 7．【答案】C 8．【答案】A 9．【答案】B 易错点突破 02 动名词（doing）核心用法与易错点 举一反三 1．【答案】C 2．【答案】D 3．【答案】C 4．【答案】D 5．【答案】C 6．【答案】B 7．【答案】B 8．【答案】D 9．【答案】C 易错点突破 03 分词（doing/done）核心用法与易错点 举一反三 1．【答案】C 2．【答案】C 3．【答案】B 4．【答案】A 5．【答案】A 6．【答案】B 7．【答案】C 8．【答案】D 9．【答案】B 易错点突破 04 非谓语动词固定搭配辨析 举一反三 1．【答案】C 2．【答案】D 3．【答案】B 4．【答案】B 5．【答案】B 6．【答案】D 7．【答案】B 8．【答案】C 易错点突破 05 非谓语动词易错场景（省略to/主谓一致） 举一反三 1．【答案】C 2．【答案】A 3．【答案】D 4．【答案】C 5．【答案】A 6．【答案】C 7．【答案】C 8．【答案】C 9．【答案】C ( 1 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错点02 非谓语动词 目录导航 Group 1 不定式（to do）核心用法与易错点 Group 2 动名词（doing）核心用法与易错点 Group 3 分词（doing/done）核心用法与易错点 Group 4 非谓语动词固定搭配辨析 Group 5 非谓语动词易错场景（省略to/主谓一致） 易错点突破 01 不定式（to do）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.基本结构：to + 动词原形（否定式：not to do），可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。 2.常接不定式的动词：want, hope, plan, decide, try, learn, agree, promise, afford, choose（后接to do作宾语）。 3.易错点：使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）后接不定式作宾补时，省略to；被动语态中，to需还原。 4.特殊结构：It’s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的）；too...to...（太……而不能……）。 例句 1.I want to visit the Bund this weekend.（want to do sth. 想要做某事） 2.My mother makes me clean my room every day.（使役动词let/make/have + sb. + do sth.） 3.I was made to clean my room by my mother.（被动语态，to还原） 4.It’s important for usto learn English well.（It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.） ( 语境串记 Tom hopes to get good grades in the mid-term exam. He decides to study hard every evening, and his teacher often encourages him to keep trying. His parents never make him stay up late, because they know it’s bad for him to be tired. ) 举一反三 1．Boys and girls! ________ heavy traffic, please get up and set off early. A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided 2．—What should I know about meeting people for the first time in China? —Well, in China, you’re supposed ________ hands when you first meet. A．shake B．shaken C．shaking D．to shake 3．Marking the 100th anniversary of the Forbidden City, it is our duty ________ this powerful cultural landmark and China’s rich heritage. A．preserve B．to preserve C．preserving D．to preserving 4．It’s important to learn some basic skills to ______ in the wild. A．survive B．survival C．survived D．surviving 5．Betty was excited ________ her favorite table tennis player yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 6．Customers expected the company ________ good after-sales service when they made the purchase. A．provide B．providing C．provided D．to provide 7．When it comes to ________ at restaurants, I think the best way is ________. A．eat; to keep our voices down B．eat; leave a tip C．eating; to behave politely D．eating; mind table manners 8．—Tony, remember it’s rude to ________. —OK, mom. I will keep it in mind. Thank you. A．push in front of others B．wait in line C．say “please” all the time D．greet each other 9．It used to be quite pleasant ______ children to swim in this river, but now even fish are impossible ______ in it as it’s been heavily polluted. A．of, to see B．for, to see C．of, to be seen D．for, to be seen 易错点突破 02 动名词（doing）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.基本结构：动词-ing形式（由动词原形加ing构成），可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，具有名词性质。 2.常接动名词的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, keep, miss, suggest, consider, spend（后接doing作宾语）。 3.常接动名词的短语：be good at, be used to（习惯于）, look forward to, pay attention to, give up, feel like。 4.易错点：be used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）与used to do sth.（过去常常做某事）区分；look forward to中to是介词，后接doing，不可接to do。 例句 1.She enjoyslistening to English songs.（enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事） 2.He spends two hours doing his homework every day.（spend + 时间 + doing sth. 花费时间做某事） 3.I am used to getting up early.（习惯于早起）；I used to get up late.（过去常常起得晚） 4.We are looking forward to visiting the Shanghai Disneyland.（look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事） ( 语境串记 Lucy likes doing sports. She practices running every morning and enjoys playing badminton with her friends on weekends. She is used to drinking a glass of milk after exercising. Her parents suggest her keeping this good habit, and she never gives up doing sports even when she is busy. ) 举一反三 1．—Would you mind me ________ the door? —________. It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room. A．to open; Never mind B．opening; Never mind C．opening; Of course not D．to open; Of course not 2．Could you tell me how often these plants ________? A．are required to wash B．require watered C．are required watering D．require watering 3．I regret ________ up so late last night watching videos, and that’s why I look so sleepy now. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 4．I’m sorry to hear that you have lost the good chance. I regret ________ you. A．having not called B．not to call C．to call D．not having called 5．Before you post photos online, consider ______ personal information that is too private. A．sharing B．to share C．not sharing D．not to share 6．I heard the little girl _______ the violin when I passed her room. A．practice playing B．practicing playing C．practicing to play D．practiced to play 7．Could you please tell me ________ improve my ________ ability? A．how to; read B．how to; reading C．what to; reading D．what to; read 8．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 9．— I failed ________ the math test again. I’m really sad, — Cheer up. It’s no use ________ over spilt milk. You can do better next time. A．to pass; to cry B．passing; crying C．to pass; crying D．passing; to cry 易错点突破 03 分词（doing/done）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.现在分词（doing）：表主动、进行，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语；修饰人或物时，表“令人……的”（如exciting 令人兴奋的）。 2.过去分词（done）：表被动、完成，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语；修饰人或物时，表“感到……的”（如excited 感到兴奋的）。 3.易错点：分词作定语时，位置可前可后（单个分词前置，短语后置）；作状语时，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致；感官动词后接doing表“正在进行”，接done表“被动、完成”。 例句 1.The running boy is my classmate.（现在分词作定语，表主动、进行） 2.The book written by Mo Yan is very popular.（过去分词作定语，表被动、完成） 3.I heard hersinging in the next room.（hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事） 4.I heard the song sung by her.（hear sth. done 听到某事被做） 5.Seeing the picture, she couldn’t help crying.（现在分词作状语，表主动，逻辑主语是she） ( 语境串记 There is a broken cup on the floor. The girl standing by the window is very sad, because she broke it. Her mother, seeing her sad face, came over and comforted her. The broken cup was bought by her father, but her mother told her not to worry about it. ) 举一反三 1．No one speaks to her, so she always feels ________. A．leaving out B．leave out C．left out D．leaves out 2．There is ________ with your computer. You’d better have it ________ as soon as possible. A．wrong something; repair B．nothing wrong; repaired C．something wrong; repaired D．something wrong; repair 3．Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ by The Peony Pavilion, ________ at the Pirs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. A．was inspired; built B．inspired, was built C．inspiring, was built D．was inspired, building 4．__________ the latest scientific discoveries, the theories (理论) proposed in the 19th century __________ too simple and lacking experimental support. A．Compared with; seem B．Comparing with; seem C．When compared with; are seemed D．To compare with; seemed 5．After the serious storm, two thirds of the houses in this area ________. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair 6．—Is the girl often seen ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A．sell; picking B．to sell; picking C．to sell; to pick D．selling; picking 7．________ the homework, he went to help his mother with the housework. A．Finishing B．Finished C．Having finished D．To finish 8．________since the night before, I felt very hungry. A．Having not eaten anything B．Not eating anything C．I hadn't eaten anything D．Not having eaten anything 9．—According to the new traffic rules, people must wear helmets when _________ e-bikes. —Safety comes first. We _________ be too careful. A．ride; can’t B．riding; can’t C．to ride; needn’t D．riding; mustn’t 易错点突破 04 非谓语动词固定搭配辨析 核心辨析 重点区分易混固定搭配，避免混淆to do和doing，这是上海中考高频易错点，需重点记忆： 固定搭配 非谓语形式 例句 try to do sth. 不定式（to do） He tried to finish the work on time.（努力做） try doing sth. 动名词（doing） He tried opening the door with another key.（尝试做） stop to do sth. 不定式（to do） He stopped to have a rest.（停下来去做另一件事） stop doing sth. 动名词（doing） He stopped talking when the teacher came in.（停止做某事） forget to do sth. 不定式（to do） I forgot to post the letter.（忘记去做某事，未做） forget doing sth. 动名词（doing） I forgot posting the letter.（忘记做过某事，已做） remember to do sth. 不定式（to do） Remember to lock the door.（记得去做某事，未做） remember doing sth. 动名词（doing） I remember locking the door.（记得做过某事，已做） ( 语境串记 When I got to the office, I remembered I forgot to bring my notebook. I stopped to call my mother to send it to me. After waiting for a while, I tried calling her again, but she didn’t answer. I tried to finish my work without the notebook, but it was too difficult. Finally, I remembered putting the notebook in my schoolbag this morning. ) 举一反三 1．I think ________ with parents can help solve problems. But I don’t know how ________ to them.​ A．talk; to talk B．talking; talk C．talking; to talk D．talk; talking​ 2．—How about ________ in the river with us? —Sorry, I can’t. My parents often ask me ________ that. A．swim; don’t do B．swim; to do C．swimming; not do D．swimming; not to do 3．To help me get better grades, my mom warns me ______ so many computer games, and my dad suggests ______ more exercises. A．not to play; to do B．not to play; doing C．don’t play; doing 4．To help me get better grades this term, my mom warns me ________ too many computer games, and my dad suggests ________ more exercises. A．not to play; do B．not to play; doing C．not play; doing 5．My parents often ask me ________ too much time ________ computer games. A．not to spend; to playing B．not to spend; playing C．to not spend; play 6．She was ________ on the bridge, because she was afraid ________ into the river. A．to walk, to fall B．of walking, of falling C．of walking, to fall D．to walk, of falling 7．—You must make an effort ________ smoking. It’s bad for your health. —You’re right. It might be hard, but it’s worth ________. A．to stop; to try B．to stop; trying C．stopping; to try D．stopping; trying 8．—Kitty, you are a great dancer. How can you dance so ________? —Thanks. If I have time ________, I go to the dancing club to dance with my friend. A．well; practicing to dance B．good; to practice to dance C．well; to practice dancing D．good; practicing dancing 易错点突破 05 非谓语动词易错场景（省略to/主谓一致） 核心辨析 1.省略to的场景（必考点）： 使役动词：let, make, have + sb. + do sth.（被动语态还原to）； 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel + sb. + do sth.（表动作全过程，被动还原to）； 固定句式：had better (not) do sth.；would rather do sth. than do sth.；why not do sth.。 2.主谓一致：非谓语动词（to do/doing）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；不定式短语、动名词短语作主语，看作一个整体。 3.易错点：why not后接动词原形，不可接to do；had better后接动词原形，不可接to do；非谓语作主语时，易误把谓语动词用复数。 例句 1.You had better stay at home today.（had better do sth.） 2.Why not go to the park with us?（why not do sth.） 3.To learn English well is important.（不定式作主语，谓语用单数） 4.Playing football makes him happy.（动名词作主语，谓语用单数） ( 语境串记 It is important to learn how to use non-finite verbs. Playing non-finite verb games is a good way to remember them. You had better practice more exercises every day. Why not ask your teacher for help when you meet difficulties? Your teacher will let you understand the rules better and make you master them quickly. ) 举一反三 1．________ is a good way to keep healthy. A．To exercising B．To exercised C．Exercising D．Exercised 2．It’s no good ________ about a power cut (停电). Some of the lights run ________ batteries. A．worrying; on B．worrying; with C．to worry; on D．to worry; with 3．It’s not easy for people to ________ in this cold area. A．surviving B．are surviving C．to survive D．survive 4．—How do you like the movie?   —It’s moving. It made me ________ many times. A．shocked B．excited C．cry D．to cry 5．It is raining heavily outside, so there is nothing to do but ________ at home. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 6．Why not ________ around the town by bicycle? It’s a good way to relax after a busy day. A．getting B．got C．get D．to get 7．— Would you like _________ to the library with me? — Yes, I’d love to. Let me _________ a list first. A．going; make B．to go; to make C．to go; make D．going; to make 8．How long does it take ________ this picture? A．carve B．carving C．to carve D．carved 9．—Let’s ________ the lights to save energy. —Good idea! A．to turn on B．turning on C．turn off D．turn up ( 1 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错点02 非谓语动词 目录导航 Group 1 不定式（to do）核心用法与易错点 Group 2 动名词（doing）核心用法与易错点 Group 3 分词（doing/done）核心用法与易错点 Group 4 非谓语动词固定搭配辨析 Group 5 非谓语动词易错场景（省略to/主谓一致） 易错点突破 01 不定式（to do）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.基本结构：to + 动词原形（否定式：not to do），可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。 2.常接不定式的动词：want, hope, plan, decide, try, learn, agree, promise, afford, choose（后接to do作宾语）。 3.易错点：使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）后接不定式作宾补时，省略to；被动语态中，to需还原。 4.特殊结构：It’s + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的）；too...to...（太……而不能……）。 例句 1.I want to visit the Bund this weekend.（want to do sth. 想要做某事） 2.My mother makes me clean my room every day.（使役动词let/make/have + sb. + do sth.） 3.I was made to clean my room by my mother.（被动语态，to还原） 4.It’s important for usto learn English well.（It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.） ( 语境串记 Tom hopes to get good grades in the mid-term exam. He decides to study hard every evening, and his teacher often encourages him to keep trying. His parents never make him stay up late, because they know it’s bad for him to be tired. ) 举一反三 1．Boys and girls! ________ heavy traffic, please get up and set off early. A．To avoid B．Avoid C．Avoiding D．Avoided 【答案】A 【详解】句意：孩子们！为避免交通拥堵，请早起并早点出发。 To avoid（动词不定式，表目的）；Avoid（动词原形，表祈使）；Avoiding（动名词 / 现在分词）；Avoided（过去式 / 过去分词）。根据句子逻辑，“早起早点出发”的目的是“避免交通拥堵”，动词不定式可在句中作目的状语，表示 “为了……”。 2．—What should I know about meeting people for the first time in China? —Well, in China, you’re supposed ________ hands when you first meet. A．shake B．shaken C．shaking D．to shake 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——关于第一次在中国与人见面，我应该知道什么？——嗯，在中国，第一次见面时你应该握手。 be supposed to do sth表示“应该做某事”，此处用shake的不定式形式。 3．Marking the 100th anniversary of the Forbidden City, it is our duty ________ this powerful cultural landmark and China’s rich heritage. A．preserve B．to preserve C．preserving D．to preserving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在紫禁城建成100周年之际，保护这一强大的文化地标和中国丰富的遗产是我们的责任。 考查非谓语动词。preserve动词原形；to preserve动词不定式；preserving动名词或现在分词；to preserving介词跟动名词。“It’s one’s duty to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的责任”，duty后常接不定式作后置定语，表示责任的具体内容，此处需用不定式“to preserve”。故选B。 4．It’s important to learn some basic skills to ______ in the wild. A．survive B．survival C．survived D．surviving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学习一些基本技能以便在野外生存是很重要的。 survive生存（动词原形）；survival生存（名词）；survived生存（过去式/过去分词）；surviving生存（现在分词/动名词）。根据“to...in the wild”可知，此处是动词不定式表目的，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 5．Betty was excited ________ her favorite table tennis player yesterday afternoon. A．see B．saw C．seeing D．to see 【答案】D 【详解】句意：昨天下午贝蒂很高兴见到她最喜欢的乒乓球运动员。 考查非谓语动词。be excited to do sth.“做某事很兴奋”，动词不定式作原因状语。故选D。 6．Customers expected the company ________ good after-sales service when they made the purchase. A．provide B．providing C．provided D．to provide 【答案】D 【详解】句意：顾客在购买时，期望公司提供良好的售后服务。 根据“expected the company...”可知，此处考查固定搭配 expect sb to do sth，意为“期望某人做某事”，空处应填to provide。 7．When it comes to ________ at restaurants, I think the best way is ________. A．eat; to keep our voices down B．eat; leave a tip C．eating; to behave politely D．eating; mind table manners 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当谈到在餐厅用餐时，我认为举止礼貌是最好的方式。 考查非谓语动词与动词短语。 第一空：eat吃，动词原形；eating吃，动名词。when it comes to doing sth.“当谈到做某事时”，to是介词，后接动名词作宾语，第一空应用eating。第二空：to keep our voices down降低声音；leave a tip付小费；to behave politely举止礼貌；mind table manners注意餐桌礼仪。第二空在句中作表语，可以用不定式或动名词形式。 故选C。 8．—Tony, remember it’s rude to ________. —OK, mom. I will keep it in mind. Thank you. A．push in front of others B．wait in line C．say “please” all the time D．greet each other 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——托尼，记住插队是不礼貌的。——好的，妈妈。我会记在心里的。谢谢你。 push in front of others插队；wait in line排队等候；say “please” all the time一直说“请”；greet each other互相打招呼。根据“rude”可知，“push in before others”属于典型的不礼貌行为，完全契合“rude”的语境。 9．It used to be quite pleasant ______ children to swim in this river, but now even fish are impossible ______ in it as it’s been heavily polluted. A．of, to see B．for, to see C．of, to be seen D．for, to be seen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：过去，孩子们在这条河里游泳是相当愉快的，但现在由于河水被严重污染，甚至连鱼都看不到了。 考查特殊句型。of……的；for对于。根据句子结构，第一个空格所在句子，it是作形式主语，动词不定式是作真正的主语，所以是对于孩子们来说，在河里游泳是相当的快乐，第一个空格填for。to see主动形式；to be seen被动形式，句式sth. be impossible to do sth.做某事是不可能的，动词不定式主动表被动，所以第二个空格填to see。故选B。 易错点突破 02 动名词（doing）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.基本结构：动词-ing形式（由动词原形加ing构成），可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，具有名词性质。 2.常接动名词的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, keep, miss, suggest, consider, spend（后接doing作宾语）。 3.常接动名词的短语：be good at, be used to（习惯于）, look forward to, pay attention to, give up, feel like。 4.易错点：be used to doing sth.（习惯于做某事）与used to do sth.（过去常常做某事）区分；look forward to中to是介词，后接doing，不可接to do。 例句 1.She enjoyslistening to English songs.（enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事） 2.He spends two hours doing his homework every day.（spend + 时间 + doing sth. 花费时间做某事） 3.I am used to getting up early.（习惯于早起）；I used to get up late.（过去常常起得晚） 4.We are looking forward to visiting the Shanghai Disneyland.（look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事） ( 语境串记 Lucy likes doing sports. She practices running every morning and enjoys playing badminton with her friends on weekends. She is used to drinking a glass of milk after exercising. Her parents suggest her keeping this good habit, and she never gives up doing sports even when she is busy. ) 举一反三 1．—Would you mind me ________ the door? —________. It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room. A．to open; Never mind B．opening; Never mind C．opening; Of course not D．to open; Of course not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你介意我开门吗？——当然不。里面太热了。让我们给房间通风。 考查非谓语动词及情景交际。never mind没关系；of course not当然不。mind sb. doing sth.“介意某人做某事”，固定词组；根据第二个空空后的“It’s too hot in it. Let’s air the room.”可知，此处表示当然不介意，应用Of course not。故选C。 2．Could you tell me how often these plants ________? A．are required to wash B．require watered C．are required watering D．require watering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我这些植物多久需要浇水一次吗？ 考查require的用法。are required to wash被要求清洗，wash通常用于清洗物品（如衣物、餐具），不用于植物浇水。require doing sth表示“需要被做某事”，主动形式表达被动含义，相当于require to be done。故选D。 3．I regret ________ up so late last night watching videos, and that’s why I look so sleepy now. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我后悔昨晚看视频熬夜这么晚，那就是为什么我现在看起来这么困。 regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事”，regret to do sth.意为“遗憾要做某事”。根据句中“last night”可知熬夜是已经发生过的事情，应用regret doing结构。 4．I’m sorry to hear that you have lost the good chance. I regret ________ you. A．having not called B．not to call C．to call D．not having called 【答案】D 【详解】句意：听说你错过了好机会我感到很遗憾，我后悔没给你打电话。 考查非谓语动词。regret not having done sth.“后悔没有做过某事”；reget to do sth.“很遗憾要做某事”；regret not to do sth.“很遗憾不做某事”。根据“I’m sorry to hear that you have lost the good chance”可知是后悔没有打电话，用结构regret not having done。故选D。 5．Before you post photos online, consider ______ personal information that is too private. A．sharing B．to share C．not sharing D．not to share 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在你在网上发布照片前，考虑不要分享太私人的个人信息。 考查动词用法。consider doing sth表示“考虑做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。根据“Before you post photos online，consider ... personal information that is too private”可知，此处强调避免分享隐私信息，需用否定形式not sharing表示“考虑不要做某事”。故选C。 6．I heard the little girl _______ the violin when I passed her room. A．practice playing B．practicing playing C．practicing to play D．practiced to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我经过这个小女孩的房间时，我听到她正在拉小提琴。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I heard the little girl ... the violin when I passed her room.”可知，hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事的全过程”，hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”，当经过这个小女孩的房间时，应该是她“正在拉”小提琴，动词用doing形式。又因为practice doing“练习干某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。 7．Could you please tell me ________ improve my ________ ability? A．how to; read B．how to; reading C．what to; reading D．what to; read 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你可以告诉我如何提高我的阅读能力吗？ 考查疑问词+不定式结构以及词义辨析。根据“improve my … ability”可知，此处指如何提高能力，用疑问词how+to的结构。reading ability“阅读能力”，动名词作定语，故选B。 8．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我最大的挑战是学会更流利地说英语。 考查动词辨析，动名词作表语和动词不定式作宾语。say说，后接说话的内容；speak讲，后接语言。learn to do sth“学习做某事，学会做某事”，speak English“讲英语”。故选D。 9．— I failed ________ the math test again. I’m really sad, — Cheer up. It’s no use ________ over spilt milk. You can do better next time. A．to pass; to cry B．passing; crying C．to pass; crying D．passing; to cry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我又没通过数学考试。我真的很难过。——振作起来。为洒掉的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。下次你能做得更好。 fail后接不定式作宾语，固定搭配fail to do sth.，表示“未能做成某事”，因此第一空填to pass；固定句型It’s no use doing sth.表示“做某事是没用的”，it为形式主语，动名词作真正主语，因此第二空填crying。 易错点突破 03 分词（doing/done）核心用法与易错点 核心辨析 1.现在分词（doing）：表主动、进行，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语；修饰人或物时，表“令人……的”（如exciting 令人兴奋的）。 2.过去分词（done）：表被动、完成，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语；修饰人或物时，表“感到……的”（如excited 感到兴奋的）。 3.易错点：分词作定语时，位置可前可后（单个分词前置，短语后置）；作状语时，逻辑主语需与句子主语一致；感官动词后接doing表“正在进行”，接done表“被动、完成”。 例句 1.The running boy is my classmate.（现在分词作定语，表主动、进行） 2.The book written by Mo Yan is very popular.（过去分词作定语，表被动、完成） 3.I heard hersinging in the next room.（hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事） 4.I heard the song sung by her.（hear sth. done 听到某事被做） 5.Seeing the picture, she couldn’t help crying.（现在分词作状语，表主动，逻辑主语是she） ( 语境串记 There is a broken cup on the floor. The girl standing by the window is very sad, because she broke it. Her mother, seeing her sad face, came over and comforted her. The broken cup was bought by her father, but her mother told her not to worry about it. ) 举一反三 1．No one speaks to her, so she always feels ________. A．leaving out B．leave out C．left out D．leaves out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没有人和她说话，所以她总是觉得被冷落。 考查非谓语动词。leave out表示“忽视，冷落”，根据“No one speaks to her”可知，她觉得自己被冷落，用过去分词表被动。故选C。 2．There is ________ with your computer. You’d better have it ________ as soon as possible. A．wrong something; repair B．nothing wrong; repaired C．something wrong; repaired D．something wrong; repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的电脑出毛病了。你最好尽快把它修好。 wrong something语法错误，repair维修，动词原形；nothing wrong没有问题，repaired维修，过去式/过去分词；something wrong某些错误。根据“There is…with your computer.”可知，形容词修饰不定代词时需后置；根据“You’d better have it…as soon as possible.”可知，建议修理说明电脑有问题，have sth. done表示“让某事被做”，it指代computer，与repair是被动关系，需用过去分词repaired。应填something wrong；repaired。 3．Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ by The Peony Pavilion, ________ at the Pirs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. A．was inspired; built B．inspired, was built C．inspiring, was built D．was inspired, building 【答案】B 【详解】句意：两年后，一个六米高的亭子，灵感来自于牡丹亭，建在皮尔斯花园，离莎士比亚的出生地只有十分钟的路程。 分析句子可知，inspire与“a six-meter-tall pavilion”之间是被动关系，第一空，此处是过去分词作后置定语修饰pavilion，应填过去分词inspired，表被动；第二空，此处在句中作谓语，主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”与build之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“Two years later”可知，事情发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态was built。应填inspired；was built。 4．__________ the latest scientific discoveries, the theories (理论) proposed in the 19th century __________ too simple and lacking experimental support. A．Compared with; seem B．Comparing with; seem C．When compared with; are seemed D．To compare with; seemed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：与最新的科学发现相比，19 世纪提出的那些理论似乎过于简单且缺乏实验支持。 根据句子逻辑，第一空需用过去分词短语Compared with作状语，表 “与……相比”；第二空seem是系动词，后接形容词作表语，且无被动语态，故用seem。 5．After the serious storm, two thirds of the houses in this area ________. A．need repairing B．needs to repair C．needs repairing D．need to repair 【答案】A 【详解】句意：暴风雨过后，这个地区三分之二的房子需要修理。 考查非谓语动词。主语是the houses，谓语动词need用动词原形，此处表示“房子被修理”，主谓之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，“need to be repaired=need repairing”，表示被动。故选A。 6．—Is the girl often seen ________ fruit at the school gate? —Yes. But yesterday she was seen ________ empty bottles when I entered the classroom. A．sell; picking B．to sell; picking C．to sell; to pick D．selling; picking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那个女孩经常被看见在学校门口卖水果吗？——是的。但是昨天当我走进教室时，她被看见正在捡空瓶子。 第一句“often”表示经常性动作，see sb do sth表示“看见某人做某事”，表示经常看见，不定式要省略to，变成被动语态时，需要还原省略的to，即sb be seen to do sth。第二句“when I entered the classroom”强调“我进去那一刻”正在发生的动作，see sb doing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事，现在分词表示进行，变为被动语态后结构是sb be seen doing sth，应填to sell; picking。 7．________ the homework, he went to help his mother with the housework. A．Finishing B．Finished C．Having finished D．To finish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：完成作业后，他去帮助他的妈妈做家务。 考查现在分词作状语。根据句意，“完成作业”发生在“帮助妈妈”之前，强调先后顺序，现在分词的完成式 (Having finished) 表示动作在主句动作之前完成。故选C。 8．________since the night before, I felt very hungry. A．Having not eaten anything B．Not eating anything C．I hadn't eaten anything D．Not having eaten anything 【答案】D 【详解】句意：自从前天晚上以来，我什么都没吃过，我感到很饿。 考查非谓语动词的用法。Having not eaten anything形式错误；Not eating anything现在分词的否定式；I hadn't eaten anything简单句；Not having eaten anything现在分词完成式的否定形式。分析句子结构，逗号后面是完整的句子，而“since the night before”中“since”为介词，结合选项，可知逗号前后没有连词，所以逗号前不能是完整的句子，排除C；现在分词完成式的否定形式是not having done，所以A项错误；根据语境“I felt very hungry.”，现在分词的完成时强调分词的动作在谓语动词之前已经发生或完成，语境中not eat在felt hungry之前，所以用现在分词完成式的否定形式not having done，句中作原因状语，故选D。 9．—According to the new traffic rules, people must wear helmets when _________ e-bikes. —Safety comes first. We _________ be too careful. A．ride; can’t B．riding; can’t C．to ride; needn’t D．riding; mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——根据新交通规则，当骑电动自行车时，人们必须戴头盔。——安全第一。再小心也不为过。 考查现在分词用法和情态动词固定表达。 can’t不能；needn’t无需；mustn’t禁止。第一空：在“when”引导的时间状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语“people”一致且含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词，直接用现在分词“riding”表示主动进行动作；第二空：can’t be too careful为固定表达，意为“再小心也不为过”，强调必要性。故选B。 易错点突破 04 非谓语动词固定搭配辨析 核心辨析 重点区分易混固定搭配，避免混淆to do和doing，这是上海中考高频易错点，需重点记忆： 固定搭配 非谓语形式 例句 try to do sth. 不定式（to do） He tried to finish the work on time.（努力做） try doing sth. 动名词（doing） He tried opening the door with another key.（尝试做） stop to do sth. 不定式（to do） He stopped to have a rest.（停下来去做另一件事） stop doing sth. 动名词（doing） He stopped talking when the teacher came in.（停止做某事） forget to do sth. 不定式（to do） I forgot to post the letter.（忘记去做某事，未做） forget doing sth. 动名词（doing） I forgot posting the letter.（忘记做过某事，已做） remember to do sth. 不定式（to do） Remember to lock the door.（记得去做某事，未做） remember doing sth. 动名词（doing） I remember locking the door.（记得做过某事，已做） ( 语境串记 When I got to the office, I remembered I forgot to bring my notebook. I stopped to call my mother to send it to me. After waiting for a while, I tried calling her again, but she didn’t answer. I tried to finish my work without the notebook, but it was too difficult. Finally, I remembered putting the notebook in my schoolbag this morning. ) 举一反三 1．I think ________ with parents can help solve problems. But I don’t know how ________ to them.​ A．talk; to talk B．talking; talk C．talking; to talk D．talk; talking​ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我认为和父母交谈可以帮助解决问题。但我不知道如何与他们交谈。 第一个空需用动名词talking作主语，表示“交谈”这一行为；第二个空需用不定式to talk，与how构成“如何做某事”的结构。 2．—How about ________ in the river with us? —Sorry, I can’t. My parents often ask me ________ that. A．swim; don’t do B．swim; to do C．swimming; not do D．swimming; not to do 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——和我们一起去河里游泳怎么样？——对不起，我不行。我父母经常要求我不要那样做。 How about…意为“……怎么样？”，是提建议的常用句式，其中about为介词，后需接动名词形式；由答句开头“Sorry, I can’t.”可知，父母的要求应是否定意义。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”的否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.“要求某人不要做某事”。 3．To help me get better grades, my mom warns me ______ so many computer games, and my dad suggests ______ more exercises. A．not to play; to do B．not to play; doing C．don’t play; doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了帮助我取得更好的分数，我妈妈警告我不要玩那么多的电脑游戏，我爸爸建议我做更多的练习。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb not to do sth警告某人不要做某事；suggest doing sth建议做某事。第一空警告不要玩电脑应为warn not to play；第二空建议多做题应为suggest doing more exercises。故选B。 4．To help me get better grades this term, my mom warns me ________ too many computer games, and my dad suggests ________ more exercises. A．not to play; do B．not to play; doing C．not play; doing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了帮助我这学期得到更好的分数，我的妈妈警告我不要玩太多的电脑游戏，并且我的爸爸建议我做更多的练习。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb (not) to do sth“警告某人（不要）做某事”，故第一空应用动词不定式的否定形式not to play作宾补；suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，故第二空应用动名词doing作宾语。故选B。 5．My parents often ask me ________ too much time ________ computer games. A．not to spend; to playing B．not to spend; playing C．to not spend; play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我父母经常叫我不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 考查非谓语动词。第一个空，ask sb. not to do sth.“叫某人不要做某事”，是固定搭配，所以此处应用not to spend；第二个空，spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，是固定搭配，所以此处应用playing。故选B。 6．She was ________ on the bridge, because she was afraid ________ into the river. A．to walk, to fall B．of walking, of falling C．of walking, to fall D．to walk, of falling 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她要走在桥上，因为她怕掉进河里。 考查非谓语动词。第一个空此处使用动词不定式作表语；be afraid of doing sth.表示“害怕做某事”，指担心做某事的后果，故第二个空使用of falling。故选D。 7．—You must make an effort ________ smoking. It’s bad for your health. —You’re right. It might be hard, but it’s worth ________. A．to stop; to try B．to stop; trying C．stopping; to try D．stopping; trying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你必须努力戒烟。这对你的健康有害。——你说得对。这可能很难，但值得一试。 考查非谓语。make an effort to do sth.“尽力做某事”；be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”。故选B。 8．—Kitty, you are a great dancer. How can you dance so ________? —Thanks. If I have time ________, I go to the dancing club to dance with my friend. A．well; practicing to dance B．good; to practice to dance C．well; to practice dancing D．good; practicing dancing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Kitty，你是一位出色的舞者。你怎么能跳得这么好？——谢谢。如果我有时间练习跳舞，我就会去舞蹈俱乐部和我的朋友跳舞。 考查副词用法及固定搭配。dance为动词，需用副词来修饰，well“好地”为副词，所以第一个空用“well”；“have time to do sth”表示“有时间做某事”，“practice doing sth”表示“练习做某事”。故选C。 易错点突破 05 非谓语动词易错场景（省略to/主谓一致） 核心辨析 1.省略to的场景（必考点）： 使役动词：let, make, have + sb. + do sth.（被动语态还原to）； 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel + sb. + do sth.（表动作全过程，被动还原to）； 固定句式：had better (not) do sth.；would rather do sth. than do sth.；why not do sth.。 2.主谓一致：非谓语动词（to do/doing）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；不定式短语、动名词短语作主语，看作一个整体。 3.易错点：why not后接动词原形，不可接to do；had better后接动词原形，不可接to do；非谓语作主语时，易误把谓语动词用复数。 例句 1.You had better stay at home today.（had better do sth.） 2.Why not go to the park with us?（why not do sth.） 3.To learn English well is important.（不定式作主语，谓语用单数） 4.Playing football makes him happy.（动名词作主语，谓语用单数） ( 语境串记 It is important to learn how to use non-finite verbs. Playing non-finite verb games is a good way to remember them. You had better practice more exercises every day. Why not ask your teacher for help when you meet difficulties? Your teacher will let you understand the rules better and make you master them quickly. ) 举一反三 1．________ is a good way to keep healthy. A．To exercising B．To exercised C．Exercising D．Exercised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：锻炼是保持健康的一种好方法。 句子结构分析可知缺少主语，此处动词exercise作主语需要使用动名词形式exercising。 2．It’s no good ________ about a power cut (停电). Some of the lights run ________ batteries. A．worrying; on B．worrying; with C．to worry; on D．to worry; with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：担心停电是没用的。有些灯是靠电池运行的。 It’s no good doing sth.，意为“做某事是没用的”，是固定户型，故第一空填worrying；第二空使用搭配run on batteries，意为“靠电池运行”，介词on表示依靠某种能源。 3．It’s not easy for people to ________ in this cold area. A．surviving B．are surviving C．to survive D．survive 【答案】D 【详解】句意：对于人们来说，在这个寒冷的地区生存是不容易的。 句中It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语，to后跟动词原形。应填survive。 4．—How do you like the movie?   —It’s moving. It made me ________ many times. A．shocked B．excited C．cry D．to cry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——很感人。它让我哭了很多次。 shocked使震惊，是shock的过去分词；excited使兴奋，是excite的过去分词；cry哭，动词原形；to cry哭，动词不定式。根据“It’s moving.”可知，电影很感人，所以应是让“我”哭了很多次，排除A、B选项；make sb. do sth.是固定搭配，表示“让某人做某事”，所以此处应用动词原形cry。 5．It is raining heavily outside, so there is nothing to do but ________ at home. A．stay B．to stay C．staying D．stayed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面正在下大雨，所以除了待在家里，没什么可做的。 在句型“There is nothing to do but do sth.”中，当but前面出现实义动词do的某种形式时，but后面的不定式要省略to，用动词原形，stay符合题意。 6．Why not ________ around the town by bicycle? It’s a good way to relax after a busy day. A．getting B．got C．get D．to get 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为什么不骑自行车绕城镇逛逛呢？这是忙碌一天后放松的好方法。Why not后接动词原形表示建议，意为“为什么不做某事”。 7．— Would you like _________ to the library with me? — Yes, I’d love to. Let me _________ a list first. A．going; make B．to go; to make C．to go; make D．going; to make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起去图书馆吗？——是的，我愿意。让我先列一个清单。 第一空：固定搭配would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，后接动词不定式，因此用to go，排除A、D； 第二空：使役动词let后接动词原形作宾语补足语，构成let sb. do sth.结构，因此用make，排除B。 8．How long does it take ________ this picture? A．carve B．carving C．to carve D．carved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：雕刻这幅画需要花费多长时间？ 固定句型“It takes some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费多少时间”，it作形式主语，动词不定式to carve作真正的主语。 9．—Let’s ________ the lights to save energy. —Good idea! A．to turn on B．turning on C．turn off D．turn up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——让我们关掉灯以节约能源。——好主意！ turn on打开；turn off关闭；turn up调高。根据“save energy”可知需要关灯，turn off符合语境，Let’s后接动词原形。 ( 1 / 14 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $